When we say mustn't, it's a short way to say must not. We use it when something is not allowed, or when it's very important not to do something. It's like saying "you cannot do this" or "it's a bad idea to do this." For example, "You mustn't touch the hot stove" means it's dangerous, so don't do it. It helps us understand rules and things we should avoid.
§ What does 'mustn' mean?
- Definition
- Mustn is a colloquial and informal contraction of 'must not'. It is used to express a strong prohibition or obligation not to do something, often with a sense of urgency or disapproval.
The word 'mustn' is a common contraction you'll encounter in everyday English, particularly in spoken conversation and informal writing. While 'must not' is the more formal and grammatically complete form, 'mustn' serves the same purpose: to convey a strong sense of prohibition or a firm instruction not to do something. It implies that there's a good reason for the prohibition, often related to rules, safety, or strong personal conviction.
You mustn't forget your passport when traveling internationally.
We mustn't be late for the meeting, or we'll miss the important announcement.
§ Where you actually hear 'mustn'
You'll frequently hear 'mustn' in various settings, especially where direct and unambiguous instructions or warnings are being given. It's less common in very formal written contexts, but perfectly acceptable and natural in spoken English and more relaxed written communication.
- Work: In a professional environment, 'mustn' can be used to emphasize company policies or safety regulations.
Employees mustn't share confidential client information.
- School: Teachers often use 'mustn' when setting rules or explaining expectations to students.
You mustn't talk during the exam, it's against the rules.
- News and Public Announcements: While less frequent in formal news reports, you might hear 'mustn' in interviews or public service announcements where there's a need for clear, concise warnings.
Citizens mustn't ignore the evacuation orders during the hurricane.
- Everyday Conversations: This is where 'mustn' truly shines. You'll hear it constantly between friends, family, and acquaintances to express strong advice, warnings, or personal opinions.
You mustn't tell Sarah about the surprise party!
I mustn't forget to call my mom tonight.
§ Nuances and Usage Tips
When using 'mustn', it's important to understand the weight it carries. It's stronger than 'shouldn't' and implies a greater consequence or importance if the prohibition is ignored. It often reflects the speaker's strong belief or the severity of a rule. For instance, saying "You mustn't touch that wet paint" is a much firmer warning than "You shouldn't touch that wet paint." The former implies a direct and potentially messy consequence, while the latter is more of a suggestion.
Consider the context:
- If you are giving a direct order or warning that has serious implications, 'mustn' is appropriate.
- If you are expressing a strong personal obligation or a firm decision, 'mustn' fits well.
- In very formal settings, or when writing official documents, opt for 'must not' to maintain a more formal tone.
How Formal Is It?
"Attendees must not leave their belongings unattended."
"You don't want to forget your keys."
"You mustn't tell anyone our secret."
"Touching the hot stove is a big no-no."
"You ain't got no business being here."
수준별 예문
셀프 테스트 42 질문
Listen for a warning.
Listen for something important to remember.
Listen for a reason not to be late.
Read this aloud:
You mustn't talk during the movie.
Focus: mustn't
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Read this aloud:
He mustn't forget his homework.
Focus: mustn't forget
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Read this aloud:
We mustn't run in the museum.
Focus: mustn't run
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You ___ forget to submit your application by the deadline, or you'll miss your chance.
'Mustn't' (or 'must not') expresses a strong prohibition or a very important obligation not to do something. Forgetting the deadline has serious consequences, so 'mustn't' is the most appropriate choice here.
We ___ allow these issues to escalate any further; we need to address them immediately.
The context implies a strong imperative to prevent escalation. 'Mustn't' conveys this sense of urgency and strong prohibition against letting the issues worsen. 'Don't have to' implies lack of obligation, 'can't' implies inability, and 'aren't able to' also implies inability, none of which fit the strong prohibitive meaning required.
Students ___ use their phones during the examination; it's strictly prohibited.
The phrase 'strictly prohibited' indicates a strong rule or prohibition, which is best expressed by 'mustn't'. 'Shouldn't' is a recommendation, while 'might not' and 'could not' express possibility or inability, not prohibition.
The sentence 'You mustn't disturb the exhibits in the museum' implies that it is not permitted to touch the exhibits.
'Mustn't' indicates a strong prohibition, meaning something is not allowed or forbidden. Therefore, disturbing the exhibits is not permitted.
Using 'mustn't' suggests a less strong prohibition than 'shouldn't'.
'Mustn't' conveys a much stronger prohibition or obligation not to do something compared to 'shouldn't', which is more of a recommendation or advice against an action.
If someone says 'We mustn't forget to thank them for their help,' they are emphasizing the importance of remembering to express gratitude.
In this context, 'mustn't forget' emphasizes a strong obligation or critical importance of remembering to perform an action, in this case, thanking someone.
This sentence expresses a strong obligation not to forget to submit the report.
This sentence emphasizes the importance of not missing the opportunity.
This sentence indicates a strict prohibition against sharing confidential information.
Given the strict regulations, employees ______ divulge any confidential information to unauthorized personnel.
In formal contexts, 'must not' is preferred over 'mustn't' to express strong prohibition, especially when referring to regulations or policies.
You ______ underestimate the complexity of this project; it requires meticulous planning and execution.
'Mustn't' conveys a strong warning or advice against underestimating the project's difficulty, suggesting a high degree of importance in avoiding this mistake.
The evidence is overwhelming; we ______ ignore the implications of these findings.
'Must not' is used here to express a strong obligation not to ignore the implications, given the conclusive nature of the evidence.
As a responsible citizen, one ______ condone such blatant disregard for public safety.
'Mustn't' is appropriate to convey a strong moral or civic obligation not to approve of actions that endanger public safety.
The research team ______ deviate from the established protocol if they want to ensure the validity of their results.
'Must not' emphasizes the absolute necessity of adhering to the protocol to maintain the validity of the research, indicating a strong prohibition against deviation.
Given the delicate nature of the negotiations, we ______ make any rash decisions that could jeopardize the outcome.
'Mustn't' is used to express a strong warning or advice against making rash decisions due to the sensitive nature of the negotiations, highlighting the critical importance of caution.
You are a manager addressing your team about a critical project deadline. Write a short email emphasizing what they absolutely 'must not' do that could jeopardize the project's success. Include at least two specific prohibitions and explain the potential consequences for one of them.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Subject: Urgent: Project Alpha Deadline Adherence Team, As we approach the critical Project Alpha deadline, I must emphasize that we mustn't deviate from the agreed-upon workflow. Any unauthorized changes to the code at this stage could introduce unforeseen bugs and significantly delay our launch. Furthermore, you mustn't neglect to update your progress on the shared platform daily, as this is crucial for tracking our overall readiness. Failing to do so will directly impact our ability to make timely adjustments and could jeopardize the entire project's success. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. Best regards, [Your Name]
Imagine you are writing a policy document for a research laboratory. Draft a paragraph outlining safety regulations, using 'must not' to express two essential prohibitions regarding equipment usage or chemical handling. Explain the rationale behind one of these rules.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Laboratory Safety Protocols: All personnel mustn't operate any machinery without first completing the mandatory certification training. This is paramount to prevent accidents due to improper handling, which could lead to severe injury or damage to costly equipment. Additionally, under no circumstances mustn't personal food or beverages be consumed within the designated chemical handling zones, as this poses a significant risk of contamination and ingestion of hazardous substances.
You are a film critic reviewing a movie that, despite its potential, makes some critical errors. Write a short paragraph using 'must not' to highlight two major flaws that the director or screenwriters 'must not' have overlooked, explaining why these flaws detracted from the film's overall quality.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
While the cinematography was breathtaking, the director mustn't have overlooked the glaring inconsistencies in the plot development, which left several crucial character motivations unexplained and unsatisfying. Moreover, the screenwriters mustn't have relied so heavily on cliché dialogue; it consistently undermined any genuine emotional impact the film attempted to convey, ultimately detracting significantly from its overall artistic merit.
According to the passage, what is a critical responsibility of the media in a democracy?
Read this passage:
A thriving democracy, by its very nature, demands an informed and engaged citizenry. Consequently, the media plays an indispensable role in disseminating accurate information and fostering public discourse. It mustn't, under any circumstances, succumb to the pressures of partisan influence or deliberately spread misinformation, as this erodes public trust and fundamentally compromises the democratic process. Maintaining journalistic integrity is not merely an ethical imperative but a societal necessity.
According to the passage, what is a critical responsibility of the media in a democracy?
The passage states, 'It mustn't, under any circumstances, succumb to the pressures of partisan influence or deliberately spread misinformation, as this erodes public trust and fundamentally compromises the democratic process. Maintaining journalistic integrity is not merely an ethical imperative but a societal necessity.' This directly supports the idea that the media's critical responsibility is to uphold journalistic integrity and disseminate accurate information.
The passage states, 'It mustn't, under any circumstances, succumb to the pressures of partisan influence or deliberately spread misinformation, as this erodes public trust and fundamentally compromises the democratic process. Maintaining journalistic integrity is not merely an ethical imperative but a societal necessity.' This directly supports the idea that the media's critical responsibility is to uphold journalistic integrity and disseminate accurate information.
What is explicitly prohibited for researchers in the given text?
Read this passage:
In the realm of scientific research, meticulous methodology is paramount. Researchers mustn't, for any reason, selectively report data that supports their hypotheses while omitting contradictory evidence. Such practices not only undermine the credibility of their findings but also impede the advancement of knowledge. The scientific community relies on the transparent and unbiased presentation of all results to build upon existing theories and discover new truths.
What is explicitly prohibited for researchers in the given text?
The passage clearly states, 'Researchers mustn't, for any reason, selectively report data that supports their hypotheses while omitting contradictory evidence.' This directly prohibits selectively reporting data.
The passage clearly states, 'Researchers mustn't, for any reason, selectively report data that supports their hypotheses while omitting contradictory evidence.' This directly prohibits selectively reporting data.
According to the text, what might a leader 'must not' do during a crisis?
Read this passage:
Effective leadership often requires difficult decisions and clear communication. A leader mustn't shy away from addressing challenges head-on, even if the solutions are unpopular, nor mustn't they fail to articulate their vision with conviction. Hesitation in times of crisis can breed uncertainty among followers, whereas decisive action and transparent communication foster confidence and unity.
According to the text, what might a leader 'must not' do during a crisis?
The passage states, 'Hesitation in times of crisis can breed uncertainty among followers, whereas decisive action and transparent communication foster confidence and unity.' It also says, 'nor mustn't they fail to articulate their vision with conviction.' These phrases indicate that a leader mustn't show hesitation or lack conviction.
The passage states, 'Hesitation in times of crisis can breed uncertainty among followers, whereas decisive action and transparent communication foster confidence and unity.' It also says, 'nor mustn't they fail to articulate their vision with conviction.' These phrases indicate that a leader mustn't show hesitation or lack conviction.
The correct order emphasizes the strong prohibition against underestimating the project's complexity.
The sentence clearly states that they are prohibited from assuming their privileges will last forever.
The sentence conveys a strong imperative to consider the ethical consequences of the research.
The sentence emphasizes the absolute prohibition of revealing confidential information. The phrase 'under any circumstances' is placed correctly for emphasis.
This sentence highlights the crucial need to protect the scientific process from external influences that could corrupt it.
The sentence stresses the necessity of accountability for severe rule violations to uphold discipline.
/ 42 correct
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