'Then' is a versatile term that primarily denotes sequential actions or logical consequence. As an adverb, it meticulously orchestrates the temporal progression of events, indicating what immediately follows a preceding action or state. This precise temporal placement is crucial for constructing coherent narratives and instructions.
Furthermore, 'then' functions as a conjunction, serving as a powerful logical connector. In this capacity, it establishes a direct cause-and-effect relationship or indicates a conditional outcome, effectively meaning 'in that case' or 'consequently.' This usage is indispensable for articulating complex conditional statements and deductive reasoning.
Its adjectival application is less common but equally significant, where it can refer to a state or period at a specific past or future time, subtly modifying a noun to provide temporal context. This multifaceted utility allows 'then' to seamlessly bridge different parts of a discourse, ensuring clarity and logical flow.
Mastery of 'then', therefore, involves not only recognizing its various grammatical roles but also appreciating the subtle nuances it adds to both spoken and written communication, enabling more precise and sophisticated expression of sequential and conditional relationships.
The term "then" operates as a multifaceted lexical item, transcending simple temporal sequencing to encompass logical consequence and emphatic conclusion. Primarily, it functions as an adverbial marker of succession, indicating an immediate or subsequent action or event. Beyond its role in narrating chronological order, "then" also serves as a cohesive device, establishing a conditional or inferential relationship between clauses, akin to "therefore" or "in that case." In more advanced discourse, it can introduce a concluding thought or summarize a preceding argument with a sense of finality, often conveying a subtle nuance of inevitability or logical deduction. Mastering its varied applications is crucial for achieving sophisticated coherence and cohesion in both written and spoken English.
§ Understanding 'then' as an Adverb
- DEFINITION
- As an adverb, 'then' primarily indicates a sequence in time, meaning 'next' or 'after that'. It can describe actions happening one after another.
When 'then' is used as an adverb, it often connects two clauses or sentences, showing a clear progression of events. It answers the question 'when?' or 'what happened next?'.
First, I'll finish my homework, and then I'll watch TV.
She woke up, then she made breakfast.
In these examples, 'then' clearly marks the subsequent action. It's a very common way to describe daily routines or instructions.
§ Using 'then' as an Adjective
- DEFINITION
- When 'then' functions as an adjective, it refers to a state or situation that existed at a specific time in the past, often emphasizing a contrast with the present.
This usage is less common than its adverbial or conjunctival roles, but it's important to recognize. It usually comes before the noun it modifies.
The then president made a speech.
I remember my then girlfriend, who is now my wife.
In these cases, 'then' describes the status or role of the noun at a past point in time, implying that their status might be different now.
§ 'then' as a Conjunction
- DEFINITION
- As a conjunction, 'then' connects two clauses, expressing a consequence or a logical result, meaning 'in that case' or 'consequently'. It's often used with 'if'.
This usage of 'then' introduces the result of a conditional statement. It shows a logical relationship between an action or condition and its outcome.
If...then structure: This is a very common structure to express cause and effect.
If it rains, then we will stay home.
Consequential statements: 'Then' can also introduce a consequence even without a preceding 'if', implying a conditional or sequential logic.
You didn't study, then you failed the test.
How Formal Is It?
"The committee deliberated on the proposal; subsequently, they announced their decision."
"She finished her work, then she went home."
"We had dinner, and afterward, we watched a movie."
"First, we'll eat our snacks, and next, we'll play with our toys."
"We hit the party, and after, we grabbed some food."
수준별 예문
I'll finish my homework, then I'll watch TV.
I'll finish my homework, next I'll watch TV.
Adverb indicating sequence.
First, we'll go to the park, then we'll have a picnic.
First, we'll go to the park, after that we'll have a picnic.
Adverb indicating sequence.
If you study hard, then you will pass the exam.
If you study hard, in that case you will pass the exam.
Conjunction showing consequence.
She ate breakfast, then she left for work.
She ate breakfast, next she left for work.
Adverb indicating sequence.
He was very tired; then he decided to go to bed early.
He was very tired; consequently he decided to go to bed early.
Adverb acting as a logical connector.
We need to buy milk, and then we can make pancakes.
We need to buy milk, and next we can make pancakes.
Adverb indicating sequence.
First, add the sugar, then the flour.
First, add the sugar, after that the flour.
Adverb indicating sequence in instructions.
If it rains, then we will stay inside.
If it rains, in that case we will stay inside.
Conjunction showing a conditional consequence.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
see you then
until then
just then
every now and then
from then on
then again, I could be wrong
then you know
if not now, then when?
back then
what then?
사용법
Usage Notes:
'Then' as an Adverb of Time:
- Primarily, 'then' is used to show a sequence of events.
- Example: "I finished my work, and then I went home." (Meaning: after finishing work)
- It can also be used to mean 'at that time' in the past or future.
- Example: "Back then, life was simpler." (Meaning: at that time in the past)
- Example: "I'll see you at 3 PM; we can talk then." (Meaning: at that time in the future)
'Then' as a Logical Conjunction (Informal):
- Informally, 'then' can connect two clauses where the second clause is a consequence or result of the first.
- Example: "If you study hard, then you will pass the exam." (Meaning: in that case)
- In this context, it often follows an 'if' clause, but the 'if' can be implied.
'Then' as an Adjective (Rare/Specific Contexts):
- While less common, 'then' can occasionally function as an adjective, typically meaning 'at that time' or 'former'.
- Example: "The then president gave a speech." (Meaning: the president at that time)
Common Mistakes:
- Confusing 'then' with 'than': This is the most frequent error. 'Then' refers to time or sequence, while 'than' is used for comparison.
- Incorrect: "She is taller then me."
- Correct: "She is taller than me."
- Incorrect: "First, I'll eat, than I'll go."
- Correct: "First, I'll eat, then I'll go."
- Overuse in formal writing: While common in spoken English, relying too heavily on 'then' to connect ideas in formal writing can make sentences sound repetitive or simplistic. Vary your sentence structure and use other connectors like 'afterwards,' 'subsequently,' 'consequently,' or 'therefore.'
- Incorrect placement in a sentence: Ensure 'then' is placed logically to convey the intended sequence or consequence.
- Awkward: "I, then, went to the store."
- Better: "I went to the store then." or "Then, I went to the store."
팁
Contextual Learning
Learn 'then' by understanding its role in sentences. For example: 'First, I eat, then I drink.'
Adverbial Use
Practice using 'then' as an adverb to describe when something happens: 'She finished her homework then watched TV.'
Conjunctive Use
Understand 'then' as a conjunction, linking ideas logically: 'If you study, then you will pass.'
Sentence Starters
Use 'then' at the beginning of a sentence to show a sequence: 'First, I woke up. Then, I had breakfast.'
Practice with Timelines
Create simple timelines of your day and use 'then' to connect the events.
Listen for 'then'
Pay attention to native speakers using 'then' in conversations and media to hear its natural rhythm and placement.
Flashcards with Examples
Make flashcards with sentences using 'then' in different ways to reinforce its meaning.
Role-Playing Scenarios
Act out simple conversations with a partner, focusing on using 'then' to describe a sequence of actions.
Identify Synonyms
Think of words similar to 'then' like 'next' or 'after that' to broaden your understanding.
Simple Story Writing
Write a short story or paragraph about your daily routine, using 'then' to connect consecutive actions.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The word 'then' primarily indicates a sequence of events, meaning 'next' or 'after that'. It can also act as a logical connector, meaning 'in that case' or 'consequently', based on a previous statement.
Certainly! An example is: 'I woke up, and then I ate breakfast.' Here, 'then' shows that eating breakfast happened after waking up.
As a logical connector, 'then' means 'in that case' or 'consequently'. For example: 'If you finish your homework, then you can play outside.' It connects the consequence to the condition.
While 'then' often relates to time and sequence, it's not exclusively about time. It can also refer to a logical consequence, as in 'If you agree, then we can proceed.'
That's a common point of confusion! 'Then' refers to time or sequence, while 'than' is used for comparisons. For example: 'He is taller than me,' but 'First I showered, then I ate.'
Yes, 'then' can function as an adjective, often describing a past state or role. For example: 'The then president gave a speech.' This means the person who was president at that time.
The placement of 'then' can vary depending on its role. When indicating sequence, it often comes at the beginning of a clause ('First, I read; then I wrote.'). As a logical connector, it usually follows the 'if' clause ('If you come, then I will be happy.').
Not always. When 'then' introduces an independent clause after a coordinating conjunction, it might be preceded by a comma. However, in many simple sequential uses, a comma isn't necessary. For instance, 'I ate then I slept.'
Absolutely! When used in this way, 'then' acts as an adverb referring to a specific point in the past. For example: 'I was in high school then.'
Yes, there are several! Some common phrases include 'now and then' (meaning occasionally), 'just then' (meaning at that exact moment), and 'every then and now' (similar to 'now and then').
셀프 테스트 60 질문
First, I wake up, ___ I eat breakfast.
In this sentence, 'then' indicates the sequence of events, meaning 'after that'.
She finished her work, and ___ she went home.
'Then' shows the next action after finishing work.
If you are hungry, ___ eat this apple.
'Then' is used here as a logical connector, meaning 'in that case'.
He studied hard, ___ he passed the exam.
'Then' indicates a consequence of studying hard.
First, open the book, ___ read the first page.
'Then' shows the next step in a sequence of instructions.
She felt tired, ___ she went to bed early.
'Then' connects her feeling tired to the consequence of going to bed early.
Listen for the order of events.
What happens after going to school?
What is the next action after work?
Read this aloud:
First, I drink water, then I eat fruit.
Focus: then
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
He plays outside, then he takes a bath.
Focus: then
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
We watch TV, then we go to bed.
Focus: then
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence shows a sequence of actions: eating breakfast, and then going to work.
'Then' connects two actions in a sequence.
This sentence uses 'then' to show one action happening after another.
First, I wake up, ___ I brush my teeth.
The word 'then' indicates a sequence of events, meaning 'next' or 'after that'.
If it rains, ___ we will stay at home.
In this context, 'then' functions as a logical connector, meaning 'in that case' or 'consequently'.
She finished her work, and ___ she went to the park.
'Then' shows the order of actions, indicating what happened next.
He studied hard, ___ he passed the exam.
'Then' is used here to show the consequence of his studying.
We ate dinner, ___ we watched a movie.
'Then' connects two sequential actions, meaning 'after that'.
If you are hungry, ___ you should eat something.
'Then' acts as a logical connector, implying 'in that case'.
First, I'll finish my homework, and ____ I'll watch a movie.
Here, 'then' indicates the next event in a sequence.
If you study hard, ____ you will pass the exam.
In this sentence, 'then' acts as a logical connector meaning 'in that case'.
She went to the store, and ____ she came home.
'Then' shows the order of events: going to the store, followed by coming home.
The word 'then' can be used to show a sequence of actions.
'Then' is commonly used to indicate what happens next in a series of events.
If you say 'I'll eat lunch, then I'll go for a walk,' 'then' means 'at the same time'.
'Then' means 'after that' or 'next' in this context, not 'at the same time'.
You can use 'then' to introduce a consequence of a previous statement.
'Then' can mean 'consequently' or 'in that case', linking a result to a condition.
Listen for the word that indicates sequence.
Listen for the word that connects the condition to the result.
Listen for the word that shows something happened after another event.
Read this aloud:
First, I go to school, then I play with friends.
Focus: then
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
If you study hard, then you will pass the exam.
Focus: then
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
I ate breakfast, and then I left for work.
Focus: then
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence uses 'then' to show a sequence of events: guests arriving, and then the music starting.
Here, 'then' is used as a logical connector, indicating a consequence based on finishing homework.
This sentence uses 'then' to show a sequence where feeling confident followed studying hard.
The company implemented stringent new security protocols; ___, employees were required to undergo extensive retraining.
The word 'subsequently' accurately reflects the sequential relationship between the implementation of protocols and the employee retraining, meaning 'after that'.
Should the experimental data deviate significantly from our projections, ___ we will need to re-evaluate our entire hypothesis.
'Consequently' is the most appropriate choice here, indicating a logical consequence or 'in that case' based on the conditional statement.
The initial phase of the project involved extensive research and development; ___, the team shifted its focus to prototyping and testing.
'Thereafter' effectively conveys the sequential progression of activities, meaning 'after that'.
Given the unprecedented economic fluctuations, ___ the government opted for a more cautious fiscal strategy.
'Accordingly' signifies a decision made 'in that case' or 'consequently' due to the economic fluctuations.
The renowned scientist presented her groundbreaking findings; ___, the academic community engaged in a fervent debate.
'Subsequently' correctly indicates that the debate followed the presentation of the findings.
If the proposed solution proves unfeasible, ___ we must consider alternative approaches to mitigate the risks.
'Then' functions as a logical connector here, meaning 'in that case' or 'consequently' based on the unfeasibility of the solution.
'Then' indicates the next logical step after completing the calculations, showing a sequence of precise actions.
'Then' signals the resolution of the deliberation, emphasizing the sequential progression from discussion to decision.
Here, 'then' acts as a conditional connector, introducing the consequence that follows if the initial premise is true.
The word 'then' correctly indicates the sequence of events, showing that her elation followed the completion of her thesis defense.
Here, 'then' functions as a logical connector, indicating the consequence of the economic indicators plummeting.
The word 'then' effectively shows the chronological order of her actions: research followed by synthesis.
/ 60 correct
Perfect score!
Contextual Learning
Learn 'then' by understanding its role in sentences. For example: 'First, I eat, then I drink.'
Adverbial Use
Practice using 'then' as an adverb to describe when something happens: 'She finished her homework then watched TV.'
Conjunctive Use
Understand 'then' as a conjunction, linking ideas logically: 'If you study, then you will pass.'
Sentence Starters
Use 'then' at the beginning of a sentence to show a sequence: 'First, I woke up. Then, I had breakfast.'
