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B1 noun #40 가장 일반적인 6분 분량

whist

상위 40

Whist is the name of a very old card game. It is like other games you play with a deck of 52 cards. In this game, four people play together. They sit in two teams. Each team has two people. You try to win 'tricks'. A trick is when everyone plays one card, and the best card wins. It is a quiet game. People do not talk much when they play. You might see this word in old books or movies about kings and queens. It is not a very common word for everyday life today, but it is good to know if you like history or games.

Whist is a traditional card game for four players. These players form two partnerships. It was very popular a long time ago, especially in England. To play whist, you use a standard pack of cards. The main goal is to win tricks. Each player puts down one card, and the highest card wins that round. One suit of cards is chosen to be 'trumps', which means those cards are stronger than the others. The word comes from an old word for 'silent'. When people play whist, they usually stay very quiet so they can think about their strategy.

Whist is a classic trick-taking card game played by four players in two fixed partnerships. It is considered the ancestor of modern bridge. The game is played with a standard 52-card deck. The dealer gives all the cards out, and the last card's suit becomes the 'trump' suit for that round. The objective is to win as many tricks as possible. A trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, or by the highest trump card. Whist was the most popular card game in the 18th and 19th centuries and is frequently mentioned in classic literature. Today, you might hear about 'whist drives', which are social events where people play the game for fun or charity.

Whist is a strategic trick-taking card game that requires four participants divided into two competing pairs. It rose to prominence in the 18th century and remained the dominant card game of the British upper classes until the advent of bridge. The mechanics are straightforward: players must follow the suit led if they can, and the highest card of that suit—or the highest trump—takes the trick. The game emphasizes memory and the ability to deduce which cards are held by the other players. The term 'whist' also historically functioned as an interjection to command silence, reflecting the quiet concentration required during play. In modern usage, the term is most frequently encountered in historical contexts or when referring to community 'whist drives'.

Whist is a seminal trick-taking card game, played by four individuals in two stable partnerships, that served as the precursor to contract bridge. Its rules were first rigorously codified by Edmond Hoyle in the mid-18th century, leading to its widespread adoption across Europe. The game is characterized by the absence of a bidding phase; instead, the trump suit is determined by the final card dealt. Success in whist demands a high degree of card-counting, psychological deduction, and strategic coordination between partners without verbal communication. While its popularity has waned in favor of bridge, whist remains a significant cultural touchstone in Victorian literature and continues to be played in traditional social circles, often in the form of organized 'whist drives'.

Whist represents the quintessential trick-taking card game of the Enlightenment and Victorian eras, played by two sets of partners using a standard 52-card deck. Its tactical depth arises from the necessity of tracking every card played and anticipating the distribution of the remaining suits among the other three players. Historically, whist supplanted earlier games like 'Ruff and Honours' and was eventually eclipsed by the more complex 'Bridge-Whist' and 'Contract Bridge'. The etymology of the word—linked to the demand for silence—underscores the game's reputation for intellectual rigor and decorum. In contemporary discourse, 'whist' often serves as a metonym for the social life of the 19th-century gentry, appearing as a recurring motif in the works of Austen, Thackeray, and Trollope to signal a character's social standing or mental acuity.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

whist 30초 만에

Whist is a traditional four-player trick-taking card game played in two partnerships.
It was the most popular card game in the 18th and 19th centuries, especially in Britain.
The game is known for its simple rules but deep strategy, requiring silence and memory.
Whist is the direct ancestor of modern bridge and is frequently mentioned in classic literature.

Whist is a sophisticated, classic trick-taking card game that reached the height of its popularity in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is played by four players who form two fixed partnerships, sitting opposite each other. The game is known for its strategic depth despite having relatively simple rules compared to its modern descendant, contract bridge. In a standard game of whist, a full 52-card deck is used, and the goal is to win as many 'tricks' as possible. A trick consists of one card played by each player in turn. The essence of whist lies in the partnership's ability to communicate through their play, observing which cards have been played and deducing the remaining cards in their opponents' hands. The term 'whist' itself is thought to be derived from the 17th-century word 'whist' meaning silent or quiet, emphasizing the focused, contemplative nature of the game where talking was traditionally discouraged during play.

Historical Context: Whist was the premier card game of the English aristocracy and the burgeoning middle class for over two hundred years. It was famously codified by Edmond Hoyle, whose name became synonymous with following the rules ('according to Hoyle').
The Trick-Taking Mechanic: In whist, the last card dealt is turned over to determine the 'trump' suit. Players must follow the suit led if possible; if they cannot, they may play a trump card or discard a card from another suit. The highest card of the suit led wins the trick, unless a trump is played.
Social Usage: Today, the word is often used in the context of historical novels, period dramas, or 'whist drives'—social events where people play multiple rounds of the game for prizes.

After dinner, the gentlemen retired to the library for a serious game of whist.

She was known as a formidable opponent at the whist table, never missing a single card played.

The local community center is hosting a whist drive this Saturday to raise funds for the library.

Learning whist is an excellent way to understand the fundamentals of modern bridge.

The rules of whist are simple to learn but take a lifetime to master.

Using the word 'whist' correctly requires understanding its role as a noun representing a specific game. It is almost always used without an article when referring to the game itself, similar to how we say 'play football' or 'play chess'. You 'play whist', 'deal for whist', or 'win at whist'. In modern contexts, it often appears as part of a compound noun, such as 'whist drive' or 'whist table'. Because the game is associated with a specific era, using it can evoke a sense of tradition, formality, or historical setting. When describing the action within the game, you might use terms like 'tricks', 'trumps', and 'partnerships'.

Verb Collocations: Common verbs used with whist include 'play', 'organize', 'master', 'lose', and 'win'. For example: 'They spent the evening playing whist by the fire.'
Descriptive Adjectives: Adjectives like 'classic', 'competitive', 'friendly', or 'silent' often precede whist to describe the atmosphere of the game.
Prepositional Phrases: You play whist 'with' partners, 'against' opponents, and 'for' stakes or prizes.

My grandfather taught me the intricacies of whist when I was ten.

The silence in the room was absolute, as was expected during a high-stakes game of whist.

They organized a whist tournament to bring the villagers together.

In the 21st century, you are most likely to encounter the word 'whist' in literary circles, historical discussions, or specific rural communities where 'whist drives' remain a popular social pastime. It is a staple of 19th-century British literature; authors like Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Mary Shelley frequently mention their characters playing whist to pass the time or to reveal character traits through their playing style. In film and television, period dramas such as 'Bridgerton', 'Pride and Prejudice', or 'Downton Abbey' often feature scenes at the whist table. Beyond entertainment, card game enthusiasts and historians of games discuss whist as the essential precursor to Bridge. You might also hear it in the phrase 'whist drive', which is still a common event in UK village halls and community centers for fundraising.

Literature: In Dickens' 'The Pickwick Papers', whist is played with great fervor, illustrating the social dynamics of the time.
Community Events: 'Whist drives' are social gatherings where players move from table to table, playing a set number of hands at each. They are often advertised on local community boards.

'Would you care for a hand of whist, Mr. Darcy?' asked Miss Bingley.

One of the most common mistakes is confusing 'whist' with 'bridge'. While they are related, bridge involves a complex bidding process before the cards are played, whereas in whist, the trump suit is determined by chance (the last card dealt). Another mistake is misspelling the word as 'wist' or 'whisp'. 'Wist' is an archaic past tense of 'wit' (to know), and 'whisp' is a variant of 'wisp' (a small bunch). Additionally, learners sometimes treat 'whist' as a verb meaning 'to play cards'. While you can 'play whist', you don't 'whist' a game. There is also the potential for confusion with the interjection 'whist!', which means 'be quiet'. While the game's name likely comes from this interjection, they are used in entirely different grammatical structures.

Confusing with Bridge: Remember: Whist has no bidding. If you are bidding for tricks, you are likely playing Bridge or Spades.
Spelling Errors: Always include the 'h'. It is W-H-I-S-T.

Incorrect: We spent the night whisting. Correct: We spent the night playing whist.

If you are looking for words related to whist or alternatives to describe similar activities, several options exist depending on the context. 'Bridge' is the most direct modern successor. 'Spades' and 'Hearts' are other popular trick-taking games that share the basic mechanic of winning rounds with high cards. If you are referring to the social aspect, 'card game' or 'parlor game' are broader terms. In a historical context, 'quadrille' or 'ombre' were other card games popular before whist took over. If you are using the archaic interjection 'whist!', modern alternatives would be 'hush', 'shush', or 'be quiet'.

Whist vs. Bridge: Whist is simpler and relies more on memory and card-counting; Bridge adds a layer of strategic communication through bidding.
Whist vs. Spades: In Spades, the trump suit is always spades, whereas in Whist, the trump suit changes every round based on the deal.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

Before it was called 'whist', the game was known as 'Ruff and Honours'. The name change coincided with the game becoming more popular among the upper classes.

발음 가이드

UK /wɪst/

US /wɪst/

Single syllable, no word stress.

라임이 맞는 단어

list mist twist fist wrist gist assist persist

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'h' too strongly (it should be subtle or silent).
Confusing the pronunciation with 'whisp'.
Adding an extra vowel sound at the end (wist-uh).
Confusing it with 'waist'.
Confusing it with 'west'.

난이도

독해 3/5

Common in classic literature but rare in modern news or fiction.

쓰기 4/5

Requires specific context to use naturally.

말하기 4/5

Rarely used in casual conversation unless discussing hobbies or history.

듣기 3/5

Easily recognized in period dramas.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

cards deck suit partner game

다음에 배울 것

bridge trump trick bidding strategy

고급

finesse rubber slam revoke honours

알아야 할 문법

Zero Article with Games

I play whist (not 'the whist').

Prepositions with Games

He is good AT whist.

Compound Nouns

Whist drive, card table.

Collective Nouns for Teams

The partnership was (or were) winning.

Past Participles as Adjectives

A played card.

수준별 예문

We play whist on Fridays.

Nous jouons au whist le vendredi.

Whist is a noun used here as the object of the verb 'play'.

Whist is a card game.

Le whist est un jeu de cartes.

Subject of the sentence.

Do you like whist?

Aimes-tu le whist ?

Interrogative sentence.

My dad plays whist.

Mon père joue au whist.

Third person singular present tense.

It is a quiet game of whist.

C'est une partie de whist tranquille.

Noun phrase.

They win at whist.

Ils gagnent au whist.

Prepositional phrase 'at whist'.

Whist is fun.

Le whist est amusant.

Simple subject-verb-adjective.

I have a whist book.

J'ai un livre sur le whist.

Used as a modifier for the noun 'book'.

Four people are needed for whist.

Quatre personnes sont nécessaires pour le whist.

Passive construction.

He dealt the cards for whist.

Il a distribué les cartes pour le whist.

Past tense verb 'dealt'.

She is a good whist player.

C'est une bonne joueuse de whist.

Compound noun 'whist player'.

We played whist all evening.

Nous avons joué au whist toute la soirée.

Adverbial phrase of time.

Whist was popular in the past.

Le whist était populaire autrefois.

Past tense 'was'.

Is whist difficult to learn?

Le whist est-il difficile à apprendre ?

Infinitive phrase 'to learn'.

They joined a whist club.

Ils ont rejoint un club de whist.

Noun phrase 'whist club'.

The rules of whist are simple.

Les règles du whist sont simples.

Genitive construction 'of whist'.

The village hall hosts a whist drive every month.

La salle des fêtes organise un concours de whist chaque mois.

Present simple for habitual action.

In whist, the last card determines the trump suit.

Au whist, la dernière carte détermine l'atout.

Prepositional phrase 'In whist'.

He preferred whist over more modern games.

Il préférait le whist aux jeux plus modernes.

Comparison using 'preferred... over'.

Partners must cooperate silently during a game of whist.

Les partenaires doivent coopérer en silence pendant une partie de whist.

Modal verb 'must' for obligation.

Whist requires a good memory for cards already played.

Le whist nécessite une bonne mémoire des cartes déjà jouées.

Gerund phrase 'already played' as a modifier.

The novel describes a tense game of whist between the rivals.

Le roman décrit une partie de whist tendue entre les rivaux.

Definite article 'the' with 'novel'.

Winning a trick in whist feels very satisfying.

Gagner un pli au whist est très satisfaisant.

Gerund 'Winning' as the subject.

She learned whist from her grandmother's old manual.

Elle a appris le whist dans le vieux manuel de sa grand-mère.

Prepositional phrase 'from her grandmother's old manual'.

Whist serves as the foundational game for those learning bridge.

Le whist sert de jeu de base pour ceux qui apprennent le bridge.

Present simple for a general truth.

The complexity of whist lies in the deduction of opponents' hands.

La complexité du whist réside dans la déduction des mains des adversaires.

Abstract noun 'complexity' as subject.

Despite its age, whist remains a challenging intellectual exercise.

Malgré son âge, le whist reste un exercice intellectuel stimulant.

Concessive phrase 'Despite its age'.

The players maintained a strict 'whist' throughout the round.

Les joueurs ont gardé un silence strict tout au long de la manche.

Here 'whist' is used in its archaic sense of silence.

Many 19th-century social gatherings revolved around the whist table.

De nombreux rassemblements sociaux du XIXe siècle tournaient autour de la table de whist.

Past tense 'revolved'.

The stakes in their whist games were often quite high.

Les enjeux de leurs parties de whist étaient souvent assez élevés.

Plural subject 'stakes'.

He was accused of cheating during the regional whist championship.

Il a été accusé de tricherie lors du championnat régional de whist.

Passive voice 'was accused'.

Whist is often played for prizes rather than money in community drives.

Le whist est souvent joué pour des prix plutôt que pour de l'argent dans les concours communautaires.

Contrastive phrase 'rather than'.

The nuances of whist strategy were debated extensively in 18th-century coffeehouses.

Les nuances de la stratégie du whist étaient largement débattues dans les cafés du XVIIIe siècle.

Passive voice with adverbial modification.

To excel at whist, one must develop an almost intuitive sense of card distribution.

Pour exceller au whist, il faut développer un sens presque intuitif de la distribution des cartes.

Infinitive of purpose 'To excel'.

The decline of whist coincided with the rise of more complex bidding games.

Le déclin du whist a coïncidé avec l'essor de jeux d'enchères plus complexes.

Past simple 'coincided'.

Whist's enduring legacy is evident in the terminology of modern trick-taking games.

L'héritage durable du whist est évident dans la terminologie des jeux de plis modernes.

Possessive form 'Whist's'.

The author uses the game of whist as a metaphor for the characters' social maneuvering.

L'auteur utilise le jeu de whist comme métaphore des manœuvres sociales des personnages.

Metaphorical usage.

A proficient whist player can often predict the outcome of a hand after only a few leads.

Un joueur de whist compétent peut souvent prédire l'issue d'une main après seulement quelques entames.

Modal 'can' for ability.

The rules of whist, though seemingly simple, allow for a vast array of tactical permutations.

Les règles du whist, bien que d'apparence simple, permettent une vaste gamme de permutations tactiques.

Parenthetical phrase 'though seemingly simple'.

Historical accounts suggest that whist was a primary vehicle for female social agency in the 1800s.

Les récits historiques suggèrent que le whist était un vecteur principal de l'influence sociale des femmes dans les années 1800.

Complex noun phrase 'female social agency'.

The sheer mathematical elegance of whist has fascinated probability theorists for generations.

L'élégance mathématique pure du whist fascine les théoriciens des probabilités depuis des générations.

Present perfect 'has fascinated'.

In the upper echelons of Victorian society, mastery of whist was a prerequisite for social acceptance.

Dans les hautes sphères de la société victorienne, la maîtrise du whist était une condition préalable à l'acceptation sociale.

Noun 'mastery' as subject.

The transition from whist to bridge marked a significant shift in the intellectual landscape of parlor games.

La transition du whist au bridge a marqué un changement significatif dans le paysage intellectuel des jeux de salon.

Noun 'transition' as subject.

Whist's reliance on silent observation fosters a unique form of non-verbal synergy between partners.

La dépendance du whist à l'observation silencieuse favorise une forme unique de synergie non verbale entre partenaires.

Present simple for general characteristic.

The game of whist serves as a crucible for testing the temperaments and cognitive faculties of the protagonists.

Le jeu de whist sert de creuset pour tester les tempéraments et les facultés cognitives des protagonistes.

Metaphorical 'crucible'.

Despite being largely superseded by bridge, whist retains a devoted, albeit niche, following in certain regions.

Bien qu'il ait été largement supplanté par le bridge, le whist conserve des adeptes dévoués, bien que restreints, dans certaines régions.

Participle phrase 'Despite being largely superseded'.

The meticulous recording of whist scores in old journals provides invaluable data for social historians.

L'enregistrement méticuleux des scores de whist dans les vieux journaux fournit des données inestimables aux historiens du social.

Gerund 'recording' as subject.

To play whist with the masters is to engage in a silent dialogue of immense strategic complexity.

Jouer au whist avec les maîtres, c'est s'engager dans un dialogue silencieux d'une immense complexité stratégique.

Infinitive phrase as subject and complement.

자주 쓰는 조합

play whist

whist drive

game of whist

whist table

whist player

hand of whist

rules of whist

win at whist

whist partner

master of whist

자주 쓰는 구문

A hand of whist

Whist drive

According to Hoyle

Keep whist

At the whist table

A game of whist

Whist markers

The trump in whist

Whist partnership

Serious whist

자주 혼동되는 단어

whist vs Bridge

Bridge has bidding; whist does not.

whist vs Wist

Wist is an old word for 'knew'; whist is the game.

whist vs Whisp

A whisp is a small bundle; whist is a game.

관용어 및 표현

"According to Hoyle"

Strictly following the rules or established authority.

The election was conducted according to Hoyle.

formal/idiomatic

"Keep whist"

To stay quiet or keep a secret.

I'll tell you, but you must keep whist about it.

archaic

"Play one's cards right"

To act shrewdly to achieve a goal (often used in card game contexts).

If you play your cards right, you'll get the promotion.

informal

"A card up one's sleeve"

A secret advantage or plan.

The lawyer had a card up his sleeve that surprised the jury.

informal

"Follow suit"

To do the same thing as someone else (from whist rules).

When the CEO resigned, the CFO followed suit.

neutral

"Trump card"

A valuable resource used to gain an advantage.

The witness's testimony was the prosecutor's trump card.

neutral

"Win a trick"

To gain an advantage in a specific situation.

He won a trick by convincing the client early.

metaphorical

"In the cards"

Likely to happen.

A promotion is definitely in the cards for her.

informal

"Show one's hand"

To reveal one's intentions or resources.

The negotiator didn't want to show his hand too early.

neutral

"Lost in the shuffle"

Overlooked or forgotten in a busy situation.

My application got lost in the shuffle.

informal

혼동하기 쉬운

whist vs wist

Similar spelling and sound.

Wist is an archaic verb; whist is a noun (game) or interjection.

He whist (hushed) the crowd vs. He wist (knew) the truth.

whist vs waist

Homophone in some accents.

Waist is part of the body; whist is a game.

The belt goes around her waist.

whist vs west

Similar sound.

West is a direction; whist is a game.

The sun sets in the west.

whist vs whisk

Similar sound.

A whisk is a kitchen tool; whist is a game.

Use a whisk to beat the eggs.

whist vs wish

Similar sound.

Wish is a desire; whist is a game.

I wish I could play whist.

문장 패턴

I play [game].

I play whist.

[Game] is [adjective].

Whist is fun.

They are playing a game of [game].

They are playing a game of whist.

Known for [feature], [game] is...

Known for its silence, whist is a great game.

The [feature] of [game] allows for...

The structure of whist allows for deep strategy.

Whether [action] or [action], [game] remains...

Whether played for stakes or fun, whist remains a classic.

He learned [game] from [person].

He learned whist from his uncle.

It is [game] that [action].

It is whist that requires the most focus.

어휘 가족

명사

사용법

frequency

Low in modern speech, high in historical contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'whist' as a verb. → Playing whist.
Whist is a noun, not a verb. You don't 'whist' a game.
Spelling it 'wist'. → Whist.
Wist is an archaic word for 'knew'. The game always has an 'h'.
Bidding in whist. → No bidding.
If you are bidding, you are playing bridge, not whist.
Thinking whist is for any number of players. → Four players.
Standard whist strictly requires four players in two teams.
Talking during the game. → Silence.
The name 'whist' implies silence; talking is traditionally forbidden.

팁

Watch the Discards

Pay close attention to which cards your opponents throw away; it tells you what they don't have.

Stay Silent

Traditionally, whist is a silent game. Avoid talking about your cards during play.

Count the Trumps

Always keep track of how many trump cards have been played so you know if yours are the highest remaining.

Trust Your Partner

Whist is a team game. Try to play cards that help your partner win tricks.

Read Hoyle

If you want to play 'properly', look up the classic rules by Edmond Hoyle.

Join a Drive

Whist drives are a great way to meet people and practice the game in a friendly environment.

Use it in Context

When writing about the 19th century, use 'whist' instead of 'cards' for more detail.

Literary Links

Look for whist in the books of Jane Austen to see how it affected social status.

Understand Trumps

The trump suit is the most important part of the game; learn how to use it wisely.

Try Variations

If you don't have four people, try 'German Whist' for a two-player challenge.

암기하기

기억법

W-H-I-S-T: Winning Hands In Silent Teams. This reminds you that it's a team game played quietly.

시각적 연상

Imagine a group of Victorian people in a library, holding cards, with one person putting a finger to their lips to say 'shhh'.

Word Web

Cards Partners Tricks Trumps Silence Hoyle Victorian Bridge

챌린지

Try to explain the rules of whist to a friend using only five sentences.

어원

The word 'whist' emerged in the 17th century. It is widely believed to be a variant of the earlier word 'whist' or 'hist', which were interjections used to command silence. The game was likely named this because it required quiet concentration.

원래 의미: Silent, quiet, or hushed.

Germanic (English)

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities; the game is generally considered wholesome and intellectual.

In the UK, whist is associated with village halls and the older generation, while in the US, it is less common but recognized as a classic game.

Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice' (characters frequently play whist). Charles Dickens' 'The Pickwick Papers' (features a famous whist scene). Phileas Fogg in 'Around the World in Eighty Days' is an obsessive whist player.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Historical Literature

a hand of whist
the whist table
engaged in whist
a rubber of whist

Community Events

whist drive
prizes for whist
local whist club
charity whist

Card Game Strategy

whist rules
trump suit in whist
winning a trick
whist partnership

Period Dramas

play whist
deal for whist
whist stakes
silent whist

Game History

ancestor of bridge
Hoyle's whist
classic whist
evolution of whist

대화 시작하기

"Have you ever played a traditional game of whist?"

"I was reading a Jane Austen novel and they mentioned whist; do you know how to play?"

"Would you be interested in joining a local whist drive this weekend?"

"Do you think card games like whist are better than modern video games?"

"Is whist still popular in your country, or has it been replaced by bridge?"

일기 주제

Describe a scene where four historical figures are playing a tense game of whist.

Why do you think silent games like whist were so popular in the past compared to today's loud entertainment?

If you had to teach someone the rules of whist, how would you explain the concept of 'trumps'?

Write about a memory of playing cards with your family. Could whist have fit into that setting?

Reflect on the phrase 'According to Hoyle'. How does following rules change the experience of a game?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

The main difference is that bridge includes a bidding phase where players predict how many tricks they will win, while in whist, the trump suit is determined by the last card dealt and there is no bidding.

Whist is traditionally played by four players in two fixed partnerships.

Yes, it is still played in card clubs and at 'whist drives' in many communities, though it is less popular than bridge.

It means following the rules exactly. It comes from Edmond Hoyle, who wrote the first definitive rulebook for whist.

It is believed to come from the 17th-century word for 'silent', because the game requires quiet concentration.

Standard whist is for four, but there are variations like 'German Whist' designed for two players.

A trick is one round of play where each of the four players contributes one card. The highest card wins the trick.

A whist drive is a social event where people play many games of whist, often moving from table to table.

While the deal involves luck, winning consistently requires significant skill in memory and deduction.

Edmond Hoyle is the most famous person to have codified the rules in 1742.