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A2 noun #1,500 가장 일반적인 5분 분량

ضمیر

zamir
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 ضمیر 30초 만에
설명 ضمیر in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'ضمیر' (Zamir) is introduced as the basic personal pronouns: I, You, He/She, We, You, They. Students learn 'من' (man), 'تو' (to), 'او' (u), 'ما' (mā), 'شما' (shomā), and 'آن‌ها' (ānhā). The focus is on using these to form simple sentences like 'من دانش‌آموز هستم' (I am a student). Learners also begin to see that verbs change their endings based on these pronouns, which is the first step in understanding the Persian grammatical system.
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At the A2 level, learners expand their understanding of 'ضمیر' to include 'Attached Pronouns' (ضمایر متصل). These are suffixes like -am, -at, -ash that attach to nouns to show possession (e.g., کتابم - my book). Students also learn the 'Reflexive Pronoun' 'خود' (self) for simple tasks like 'خودم انجام دادم' (I did it myself). The concept of 'Pro-drop' (omitting the pronoun because the verb ending is enough) becomes a key focus for natural speaking.
At the B1 level, 'ضمیر' usage becomes more nuanced. Learners study 'Demonstrative Pronouns' (این، آن) and how they function as both pronouns and adjectives. They also encounter 'Relative Pronouns' like 'که' (which/who). The distinction between formal and informal pronouns (e.g., 'ایشان' vs 'او') is emphasized. Students start to see the word 'ضمیر' used in more abstract ways in simple literature, referring to a person's 'inner thoughts' or 'mind'.
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At the B2 level, the focus shifts toward the 'Philosophical Zamir.' Students explore the word in the context of psychology (ضمیر ناخودآگاه - unconscious mind) and classical literature. They learn complex grammatical structures involving pronouns, such as the use of pronouns in 'Compound Verbs' and the subtle differences in emphasis when placing a pronoun in different parts of a sentence. They also master the use of 'خویش' as a formal alternative to 'خود'.
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At the C1 level, 'ضمیر' is analyzed through the lens of rhetoric and style. Students study how classical poets used pronouns to create ambiguity or intimacy with the Divine. They explore the 'Enclitic Pronouns' in archaic texts, where their placement differs significantly from modern Persian. The word 'ضمیر' itself is used in high-level academic discussions about linguistics, semantics, and the philosophy of the 'Self'.
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At the C2 level, mastery of 'ضمیر' involves an intuitive grasp of its most subtle applications. This includes the 'Redundant Pronoun' (حشو) used for poetic effect, the historical evolution of pronouns from Middle Persian to Modern Persian, and the ability to use 'ضمیر' in complex legal or philosophical arguments where the 'inner intent' (ضمیر) of a person is a central theme. The learner can discuss the nuances of 'Zamir-e Na-khod-agah' in professional psychological contexts.
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ضمیر 30초 만에

  • A pronoun that replaces a noun to simplify speech and writing.
  • Can be separate (independent words) or attached (suffixes) in Persian.
  • Commonly omitted in Persian because verb endings indicate the subject.
  • Also means 'conscience' or 'inner self' in literary and philosophical contexts.

The Persian word ضمیر (Zamir) is a multi-faceted term that primarily functions within the realm of linguistics but extends its reach deep into the corridors of Persian philosophy and ethics. At its most fundamental level, in a grammatical context, it translates to 'pronoun.' Much like in English, a pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun to avoid repetitive phrasing and to streamline communication. However, the beauty of the Persian language lies in its layers. Beyond the classroom, Zamir refers to the 'inner self,' the 'conscience,' or the 'heart's hidden thoughts.' When a Persian speaker refers to someone's Zamir, they are often speaking of their innermost essence or their moral compass.

Grammatical Definition
A word used as a substitute for a noun or noun phrase, such as 'من' (I), 'تو' (you), or the enclitic suffixes like '-َم' (my).
Philosophical Definition
The hidden part of the human mind or soul; the seat of true intentions and moral judgment.

در دستور زبان فارسی، ضمیر جایگزین اسم می‌شود تا از تکرار جلوگیری کند.

Translation: In Persian grammar, the pronoun replaces the noun to prevent repetition.

Understanding Zamir requires recognizing its dual nature. In an A2 level context, you will mostly encounter it as a grammatical tool. Persian pronouns are divided into two main categories: 'Separate' (منفصل) and 'Attached' (متصل). The separate pronouns are independent words, while the attached pronouns are suffixes added to the end of nouns, verbs, or prepositions. This distinction is crucial for learners as it dictates the flow and rhythm of the sentence.

او ضمیر غایب است.

Translation: 'He/She' is a third-person pronoun.
Etymology
Derived from the Arabic root (ض-م-ر), which relates to being hidden or lean. In Persian, it evolved to mean that which is 'hidden' within the sentence (the noun it represents) or 'hidden' within the person (the conscience).

Using Zamir correctly is a hallmark of moving from a beginner to an intermediate speaker. In Persian, because the verb ending already indicates the person (I, you, he/she, etc.), the use of separate pronouns like 'من' (man) or 'تو' (to) is often optional and used primarily for emphasis. This makes Persian a 'pro-drop' language. For example, instead of saying 'من رفتم' (Man raftam - I went), you can simply say 'رفتم' (Raftam). The 'man' is the Zamir, and its omission is common in natural speech.

کتابم را گم کردم.

Translation: I lost my book (where '-am' is the attached pronoun/zamir).

When you want to emphasize the subject, you bring the Zamir to the front. 'من این کار را کردم' (I did this work) emphasizes that *I* was the one who did it, not someone else. Furthermore, reflexive pronouns like 'خود' (khod - self) are also categorized under Zamir. These are used when the subject and object are the same person, such as 'خودم را در آینه دیدم' (I saw myself in the mirror).

Common Categories
1. Personal Pronouns (من، تو، او...)
2. Attached Pronouns (-َم، -َت، -َش...)
3. Reflexive Pronouns (خود، خویش)
4. Demonstrative Pronouns (این، آن)

پاک‌ضمیر بودن صفت نیکویی است.

Translation: Having a pure conscience is a good trait.

You will encounter the word Zamir in three distinct environments. First, in educational settings. Any Persian language class, whether for natives or foreigners, will use this term daily. Teachers will ask students to 'identify the Zamir in this sentence' or 'change the Zamir from singular to plural.' Second, you will hear it in literature and poetry. Persian poets like Rumi or Hafez often speak of the Zamir as the internal mirror of the soul. In this context, it isn't about grammar; it's about the essence of being.

در ضمیر ما نمی‌گنجد به غیر از دوست کس.

Translation: In our inner heart, no one fits except the Beloved.

Third, you will hear it in formal speeches or psychological discussions. Phrases like 'ضمیر ناخودآگاه' (unconscious mind) are standard in modern Persian psychology. This demonstrates how the word has bridged the gap between ancient mysticism and modern science. In daily conversation, while people use pronouns constantly, they rarely use the word 'Zamir' itself unless they are discussing language or deep personal feelings.

One of the most frequent errors for learners is the 'Double Pronoun' mistake. Since Persian verbs are conjugated, adding the separate Zamir (like 'من') is often redundant. Beginners often say 'من می‌روم' every single time, which sounds robotic. Natural Persian favors dropping the pronoun unless emphasis is needed. Another mistake is the confusion between the third-person singular 'او' (human) and 'آن' (non-human). While modern spoken Persian often uses 'اون' (un) for both, formal writing maintains a stricter distinction.

The 'Ezafe' Error
Learners often forget that when using attached pronouns with nouns ending in a vowel, a buffer letter (like 'ی') might be needed, or the pronoun form changes slightly (e.g., 'کتابم' vs 'پایم').

اشتباه: کتابِ من‌َم.
درست: کتابِ من.

Note: Don't use an attached pronoun and a separate possessive pronoun for the same noun simultaneously.

To truly master Zamir, one must distinguish it from related linguistic and philosophical terms. Linguistically, it is often compared to 'اسم' (Noun) and 'صفت' (Adjective). Philosophically, it is compared to 'وجدان' (Conscience) and 'باطن' (Inner/Hidden).

Zamir vs. Vejdan
While 'Zamir' can mean conscience, 'Vejdan' is the specific moral faculty that feels guilt or pride. 'Zamir' is broader, encompassing all hidden thoughts.
Zamir vs. Esm
'Esm' is the name of the thing; 'Zamir' is the shortcut we use once the 'Esm' is already known.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Verb conjugation endings

Ezafe construction

Object marker 'rā'

Possessive structures

Formal vs Informal address

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수준별 예문

1

من سیب دوست دارم.

I like apples.

Uses the first-person singular pronoun 'من'.

2

تو کجا هستی؟

Where are you?

Uses the second-person singular pronoun 'تو'.

3

او برادر من است.

He is my brother.

Uses the third-person singular pronoun 'او'.

4

ما در ایران هستیم.

We are in Iran.

Uses the first-person plural pronoun 'ما'.

5

شما معلم هستید.

You are a teacher.

Uses the second-person plural pronoun 'شما'.

6

آن‌ها به مدرسه می‌روند.

They go to school.

Uses the third-person plural pronoun 'آن‌ها'.

7

این کتابِ من است.

This is my book.

Uses 'من' as a possessive pronoun after the Ezafe.

8

اسم تو چیست؟

What is your name?

Uses 'تو' as a possessive pronoun.

1

کتابم روی میز است.

My book is on the table.

Uses the attached pronoun '-am' (my).

2

دوستت را دیدم.

I saw your friend.

Uses the attached pronoun '-at' (your).

3

او خودش غذا پخت.

He/She cooked food him/herself.

Uses the reflexive pronoun 'خودش'.

4

ماشینشان کجاست؟

Where is their car?

Uses the attached pronoun '-eshān' (their).

5

من خودم این را گفتم.

I said this myself.

Uses 'من' and 'خودم' for emphasis.

6

مادرت مهربان است.

Your mother is kind.

Uses the attached pronoun '-at'.

7

خانه‌مان بزرگ است.

Our house is big.

Uses the attached pronoun '-emān' (our).

8

دستش درد می‌کند.

His/Her hand hurts.

Uses the attached pronoun '-ash' (his/her).

1

ایشان استاد دانشگاه هستند.

He/She is a university professor (polite).

Uses the polite pronoun 'ایشان'.

2

آن که آمد، برادرم بود.

The one who came was my brother.

Uses 'آن که' as a relative pronoun.

3

هر کسی ضمیر خود را بهتر می‌شناسد.

Everyone knows their own inner self best.

Uses 'ضمیر' in the sense of 'inner self'.

4

این همان کتابی است که می‌خواستم.

This is the same book that I wanted.

Uses 'همان' (the same) as a demonstrative pronoun.

5

خودت باید تصمیم بگیری.

You yourself must decide.

Emphatic use of the reflexive pronoun.

6

هیچ‌کس از ضمیر او آگاه نیست.

No one is aware of his inner thoughts.

Uses 'ضمیر' to mean hidden thoughts.

7

ما خودمان مسئول هستیم.

We ourselves are responsible.

Plural reflexive pronoun.

8

آن‌ها را به من بده.

Give those to me.

Uses 'آن‌ها' as an object pronoun.

1

ضمیر ناخودآگاه نقش مهمی در رفتار دارد.

The unconscious mind plays an important role in behavior.

Technical psychological term 'ضمیر ناخودآگاه'.

2

او با ضمیری روشن به استقبال مرگ رفت.

He went to meet death with a clear conscience.

Literary use of 'ضمیر' meaning conscience.

3

باید بین ضمیر منفصل و متصل تفاوت قائل شد.

One must distinguish between separate and attached pronouns.

Grammatical terminology.

4

خویشتن‌داری یکی از فضایل اخلاقی است.

Self-restraint is one of the moral virtues.

Uses 'خویشتن', a formal variant of the reflexive pronoun.

5

در این شعر، ضمیر به خداوند برمی‌گردد.

In this poem, the pronoun refers to God.

Literary analysis.

6

او ضمیر خود را با کسی در میان نمی‌گذارد.

He does not share his inner thoughts with anyone.

Abstract usage.

7

این مسئله در ضمیر من حک شده است.

This issue is etched in my mind.

Metaphorical usage.

8

ایشان را به حضور پذیرفتند.

They accepted him/her into their presence (very formal).

High-register use of 'ایشان'.

1

شاعر با استفاده از ضمیر مشترک، وحدت وجود را بیان می‌کند.

The poet expresses the unity of existence by using the common pronoun.

Advanced literary criticism.

2

تحلیل کاربرد ضمایر در متون کلاسیک دشوار است.

Analyzing the use of pronouns in classical texts is difficult.

Academic linguistic context.

3

او دارای ضمیری تابناک و بی‌آلایش بود.

He possessed a brilliant and pure inner self.

Highly formal/poetic description.

4

مرجع ضمیر در این جمله ابهام دارد.

The antecedent of the pronoun in this sentence is ambiguous.

Linguistic term 'مرجع ضمیر' (antecedent).

5

ضمیر 'ما' در اینجا به ملت اشاره دارد.

The pronoun 'we' here refers to the nation.

Political/Rhetorical analysis.

6

او در ضمیر خود به این حقیقت واقف بود.

In his heart of hearts, he was aware of this truth.

Deep philosophical usage.

7

تطور ضمایر در زبان‌های ایرانی مطالعه‌ای جذاب است.

The evolution of pronouns in Iranian languages is a fascinating study.

Historical linguistics.

8

او با صفای ضمیر، همه را بخشید.

With a purity of heart, he forgave everyone.

Ethical/Religious context.

1

واکاوی ضمیر ناخودآگاه جمعی در آثار اساطیری.

Analysis of the collective unconscious in mythological works.

Jungian psychological terminology in Persian.

2

ابهام در مرجع ضمیر می‌تواند به کژتابی معنایی منجر شود.

Ambiguity in the pronoun's antecedent can lead to semantic distortion.

High-level semantics.

3

او مظهر پاک‌ضمیری و صدق و صفا بود.

He was the manifestation of a pure conscience, truth, and sincerity.

Archaic and highly formal register.

4

در این رساله، ضمیر به مثابه آینه حق تلقی شده است.

In this treatise, the inner self is regarded as the mirror of Truth.

Sufi metaphysical discourse.

5

کاربرد ضمایر متصل در متون پهلوی با فارسی دری متفاوت است.

The use of attached pronouns in Pahlavi texts differs from Dari Persian.

Philological analysis.

6

او چنان در ضمیر خود غرق بود که جهان را فراموش کرد.

He was so immersed in his inner world that he forgot the world.

Mystical/Philosophical context.

7

تطبیق ضمایر در ترجمه‌های متون مقدس.

The alignment of pronouns in translations of sacred texts.

Translation studies.

8

او با روشن‌ضمیری، آینده را پیش‌بینی کرد.

With his enlightened mind, he predicted the future.

Compound word 'روشن‌ضمیری'.

자주 쓰는 조합

ضمیر منفصل (Separate pronoun)
ضمیر متصل (Attached pronoun)
ضمیر ناخودآگاه (Unconscious mind)
مرجع ضمیر (Antecedent of a pronoun)
پاک‌ضمیر (Pure-hearted)
روشن‌ضمیر (Enlightened)
ضمیر شخصی (Personal pronoun)
ضمیر مشترک (Common/Reflexive pronoun)
صفای ضمیر (Purity of heart)
تغییر ضمیر (Changing the pronoun)

자주 쓰는 구문

در ضمیر من (In my mind/heart)
ضمیر آگاه (Conscious mind)
به ضمیر خود رجوع کردن (To consult one's conscience)
ضمیر غایب (Third-person pronoun)
ضمیر مخاطب (Second-person pronoun)
ضمیر متکلم (First-person pronoun)
آینه ضمیر (The mirror of the mind)
ضمیر پنهان (Hidden intent)
بر ضمیر کسی خطور کردن (To cross someone's mind)
خلوت ضمیر (The privacy of one's thoughts)

자주 혼동되는 단어

ضمیر vs اسم (Noun)

ضمیر vs صفت (Adjective)

ضمیر vs وجدان (Conscience - though they overlap)

관용어 및 표현

"ضمیرش گواهی می‌دهد (His conscience bears witness)"
"روشن‌ضمیر بودن (To be wise/clairvoyant)"
"پاک‌ضمیر بودن (To be innocent/pure)"
"در ضمیر کسی نگذشتن (To not even occur to someone)"
"آینه ضمیر را پاک کردن (To purify one's soul)"
"ضمیر خود را فروختن (To sell one's soul/conscience)"
"تیر به ضمیر زدن (To strike the heart of the matter - rare)"
"ضمیر منیر (The luminous mind - formal)"
"سیاه‌ضمیر (Evil-minded)"
"کژضمیر (Perverse/Ill-intentioned)"

혼동하기 쉬운

ضمیر vs ضمانت

Sounds similar but completely unrelated.

ضمیر vs ضمیمه

Related root but means a physical or document attachment.

문장 패턴

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사용법

omission

Pronouns are dropped 70-80% of the time in subject positions.

ambiguity

Because 'u' is gender-neutral, context is needed to know if it's 'he' or 'she'.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'او' for inanimate objects in formal writing.
  • Forgetting to change the verb ending when the pronoun is omitted.
  • Overusing separate pronouns (Man, To, etc.) in casual speech.
  • Confusing the attached pronoun '-at' (your) with the verb ending '-i' (you are/do).
  • Misplacing the 'rā' marker when using attached pronouns.

팁

Verb Agreement

Always ensure your verb ending matches your Zamir, even if the Zamir is hidden.

Drop the 'Man'

Try to speak without saying 'Man' (I) at the start of every sentence to sound more like a native.

Respect with 'Shomā'

Using 'Shomā' is a sign of good upbringing (Adab). Don't rush into using 'To'.

Attached Pronouns

Use attached pronouns for possession to make your writing more concise.

Double Meaning

Remember that Zamir isn't just grammar; it's also about the soul.

Listen for '-esh'

In spoken Persian, the third-person attached pronoun '-ash' often sounds like '-esh'.

The Mirror Link

Link 'Zamir' to 'Mirror' to remember it reflects the noun.

Psychology Terms

Learn 'Zamir-e Na-khod-agah' to discuss complex topics in Persian.

Use of 'Ishān'

Use 'Ishān' when talking about someone you respect to others.

No Double Possessives

Don't say 'Ketāb-e man-am'. Choose either 'Ketāb-e man' or 'Ketābam'.

암기하기

어원

Arabic

문화적 맥락

Using the correct 'Zamir' (like 'shomā' instead of 'to') is vital for 'Ta'arof' (Persian system of etiquette).

Poets like Rumi use 'Zamir' to describe the place where the human meets the divine.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"در مورد ضمیر ناخودآگاه چه می‌دانی؟ (What do you know about the unconscious mind?)"

"چطور می‌توانیم ضمیر خود را پاک نگه داریم؟ (How can we keep our conscience pure?)"

"تفاوت ضمیر 'تو' و 'شما' در فرهنگ شما چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'tu' and 'vous' in your culture?)"

일기 주제

امروز در ضمیر من چه گذشت؟ (What went through my mind today?)

یک خاطره بنویسید که در آن از ضمیر 'ما' به جای 'من' استفاده کردید. (Write a memory where you used 'we' instead of 'I'.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, Persian is a gender-neutral language. The pronoun 'او' (u) stands for both 'he' and 'she'. This is one of the most distinctive features of Persian compared to European languages. Context or specific nouns like 'زن' (woman) or 'مرد' (man) are used if clarification is needed.

'Man' is a separate pronoun used as a subject (I). '-am' is an attached pronoun used for possession (my) or as a verb ending (am). For example, 'Man raftam' (I went) and 'Ketābam' (My book).

Use 'Shomā' for anyone you don't know well, elders, teachers, or in any professional setting. Use 'To' for close friends, family members of the same age or younger, and children. When in doubt, always use 'Shomā'.

Yes, in a literary or psychological sense. 'Zamir-e nā-khod-āgāh' means 'unconscious mind'. It refers to the deep, hidden parts of one's thoughts and feelings.

In formal Persian, yes, 'او' is for humans and 'آن' is for objects. However, in spoken Persian, 'اون' (un) is used for both people and things very frequently.

Use the word 'خود' (khod) plus the attached pronoun. Myself = خودم (khod-am), Yourself = خودت (khod-at), etc.

'Ishān' is the formal/polite version of 'they'. It is also used to refer to a single highly respected person (like a professor or a grandfather) in the third person.

It is a pronoun used when the subject and object are the same. In Persian, 'خود' (khod) is the primary reflexive pronoun.

Because the verb conjugation in Persian is very clear. The ending of the verb (like -am, -i, -ad) already tells you who the subject is, making the separate pronoun redundant.

It is a compound adjective meaning 'pure-hearted' or 'having a clean conscience'. It is a high compliment in Persian culture.

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

writing

Write a sentence using 'من' (I).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'تو' (You).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write 'My book' using an attached pronoun.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write 'Your friend' using an attached pronoun.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence using 'خودم' (Myself).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'He is a polite person.' (Use Ishān)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Define 'Zamir' in your own words (Persian).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Use 'ضمیر ناخودآگاه' in a sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Explain the difference between 'Zamir' and 'Vejdan'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a poetic sentence using 'ضمیر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'They are at home.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Translate: 'Our car is blue.'

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'I saw him.' (Drop the subject pronoun)

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Translate: 'A pure conscience is a blessing.'

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Discuss the role of pronouns in Persian poetry briefly.

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

List all 6 separate personal pronouns.

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

List all 6 attached possessive pronouns.

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write a sentence with 'این' as a pronoun.

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writing

Use 'روشن‌ضمیر' in a sentence about a wise person.

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Explain 'Marja-e Zamir' with an example.

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Introduce yourself using 'من'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Ask someone's name using 'تو' or 'شما'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Talk about your family using attached pronouns (e.g., برادرم).

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Say 'I did it myself' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Describe a teacher using 'ایشان'.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Explain why you use 'Shomā' with strangers.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Discuss your 'Zamir-e Na-khod-agah' (briefly).

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

What makes someone 'Pāk-zamir'?

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Discuss the importance of pronouns in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking

Recite a poem containing 'ضمیر' and explain it.

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen to: 'او کجاست؟' What is the pronoun?

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen to: 'کتابت را آوردی؟' Whose book is mentioned?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen to a dialogue. Is it formal (Shomā) or informal (To)?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen to a psychology clip. What is the term for 'unconscious'?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen to a poem. Identify the word 'Zamir'.

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정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write 'Your (plural) house'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing

Write 'I saw myself'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening

Listen for the suffix in 'دوستت'.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

/ 180 correct

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