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A2 noun #1,000 가장 일반적인 11분 분량

فعل

fe'l 상위 1,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 فعل 30초 만에

설명 فعل in your Level:

At the Beginner (A1) level, you only need to know 'fe'l' as the word for 'verb'. When you start learning Persian, your teacher will show you words like 'khordan' (to eat) or 'raftan' (to go) and call them 'fe'l'. You will learn that the 'fe'l' usually comes at the end of the sentence. At this stage, don't worry about the philosophical meanings. Just remember that every time you see an action word, it is a 'fe'l'. You will also learn the basic 'bon-e fe'l' (verb stem) to make simple sentences like 'Man miravam' (I go). The focus is on recognizing the word in a classroom setting and understanding that it is the most important part of your sentence. You might hear: 'In fe'l chist?' (What is this verb?).

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At the Elementary (A2) level, you begin to see 'fe'l' in more categories. You will learn about 'fe'l-e gozashte' (past verb) and 'fe'l-e hâl' (present verb). You will also start using 'fe'l-e komaki' (auxiliary verbs) like 'khâhtan' to make the future tense. At this level, you should be able to identify the 'fe'l' in a simple story and understand its conjugation. You will also learn that many Persian verbs are 'compound' (morakkab), meaning they have two parts, but they are still considered one 'fe'l'. For example, 'dars khândan' (to study) is one 'fe'l'. You are now expected to 'sarf kardan' (conjugate) these verbs for different people (I, you, he/she, etc.).

At the Intermediate (B1) level, the word 'fe'l' becomes a tool for discussing more complex grammar. You will learn about 'fe'l-e lâzem' (intransitive) and 'fe'l-e mota'addi' (transitive). This is important because transitive verbs need the 'râ' particle for their objects. You will also encounter 'fe'l-e amr' (imperative) and 'fe'l-e eltezâmi' (subjunctive). At this stage, you might also see 'fe'l' used in formal texts to mean an 'act' or 'deed'. You should be able to explain the function of a 'fe'l' in a sentence and understand how changing the 'fe'l' changes the entire meaning or mood of the conversation. You are moving beyond simple actions to understanding the structure of the language.

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At the Upper-Intermediate (B2) level, you explore the nuances of 'fe'l'. You will study 'fe'l-e majhul' (passive voice) and how it is formed using the auxiliary 'shodan'. You will also learn about 'fe'l-hâ-ye do-boni' (verbs with two stems) and irregular patterns in depth. In literature or news, you will see 'fe'l' used more frequently to describe political or social 'acts'. You should be comfortable using the word 'fe'l' to discuss linguistic theories or to critique a piece of writing. You will also learn about 'fe'l-e va'sfi' (participle used as a verb) and other advanced structures. Your vocabulary expands to include 'af'âl' (the broken plural) as a standard term.

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At the Advanced (C1) level, 'fe'l' is used in the context of stylistic analysis and classical grammar. You will study how 'fe'l' usage has changed from Old Persian to Middle Persian to Modern Persian. You will analyze the 'vajh-e fe'l' (verb mood) in classical poetry and how poets like Rumi or Saadi used verbs to create rhythm and emphasis. You will also encounter the word in philosophical and theological texts (Hikmat), where the 'Fe'l-e Elâhi' (Divine Act) is a central concept. At this level, you are expected to have a deep understanding of the 'fe'l' not just as a grammatical unit, but as a concept of agency and manifestation in Persian thought.

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At the Mastery (C2) level, you treat 'fe'l' with the precision of a philologist or a professional linguist. You will engage with debates about 'fe'l-e morakkab' vs. 'ebârat-e fe'li' (verbal phrases) and the evolution of the Persian verbal system. You can discuss the 'fe'l' in the context of 'dastur-e gashtâri' (transformational grammar) or other modern linguistic frameworks applied to Persian. You will also be able to interpret the most archaic uses of 'fe'l' in the Shahnameh or early prose, where the syntax and verb forms differ significantly from modern standards. 'Fe'l' is no longer just a word you use; it is an object of intense intellectual study.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

فعل 30초 만에

The primary word for 'verb' in Persian grammar, essential for sentence construction.
Usually positioned at the end of the sentence in standard Persian syntax.
Derived from Arabic, it also means 'act' or 'deed' in formal and literary registers.
Key to understanding conjugation, tenses, and the distinction between simple and compound verbs.

The word فعل (pronounced 'fe'l') is a fundamental pillar of the Persian language, serving two primary roles: one as a technical grammatical term and the other as a philosophical or formal descriptor of an action. In the context of linguistics, it is the direct equivalent of the English word 'verb'. It refers to any word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Because Persian is a 'verb-final' language (Subject-Object-Verb), the fe'l usually sits at the very end of a sentence, acting as the anchor that completes the thought. Without a fe'l, a Persian sentence is considered incomplete and grammatically 'headless'.

Grammatical Role: In Persian grammar (دستور زبان), the 'fe'l' is the part of speech that undergoes conjugation (صرف) to indicate person, number, and tense. It is the most complex part of the language for learners because of its various stems.

Beyond the classroom, فعل is used in formal and literary contexts to mean a 'deed' or 'act'. While the word 'کار' (kâr) is used for everyday 'work' or 'tasks', and 'عمل' (amal) is used for 'actions' or 'operations', فعل often carries a weight of intentionality or philosophical significance. For instance, in Islamic philosophy or classical Persian literature, the 'fe'l' of a person refers to their manifest behavior as an expression of their inner state. You will hear it in legal discussions, religious sermons, and high-level academic discourse when referring to the 'act' of a subject.

در این جمله، فعل در انتهای عبارت قرار می‌گیرد.
(In this sentence, the verb is placed at the end of the phrase.)

Philosophical Context: In classical texts, 'fe'l' is contrasted with 'qowl' (speech). 'Fe'l' is what you do, while 'qowl' is what you say. This distinction is vital in ethical Persian literature.

او مسئول فعل خود است.
(He is responsible for his own act/deed.)

In modern usage, specifically in science and psychology, the plural form 'af'âl' (افعال) or the compound 'fe'l o enfe'âl' (فعل و انفعال) is used to describe chemical reactions or psychological interactions. This shows the word's versatility from a simple grammar term to a complex descriptor of dynamic processes. When you learn this word, you aren't just learning how to say 'verb'; you are learning the Persian concept of 'action' itself.

Formal Register: In formal writing, instead of saying 'what he did', a writer might use 'fe'l-e u' to sound more sophisticated and precise.

این فعل از نظر اخلاقی درست نیست.
(This act is not morally correct.)

ما باید انواع فعل را بشناسیم.
(We must know the types of verbs.)

فعل کمکی در این جمله کدام است؟
(Which one is the auxiliary verb in this sentence?)

Using the word فعل correctly depends on whether you are discussing grammar or describing a human action. In a grammatical context, it is treated like any other noun. You can have 'fe'l-e gozashte' (past tense verb), 'fe'l-e hal' (present tense verb), or 'fe'l-e amr' (imperative verb). When you are in a Persian language class, the word will appear in instructions and explanations constantly. For example, 'Fe'l ra be avval-e jomleh nayavarid' (Do not bring the verb to the beginning of the sentence).

Compound Verb Structures: Persian is famous for compound verbs (fe'l-hâ-ye morakkab). These consist of a noun or adjective paired with a light verb like 'kardan' (to do) or 'shodan' (to become). Understanding the 'fe'l' as a unit is key to mastering Persian syntax.

When using فعل to mean 'act' or 'deed', it usually appears in formal writing or legal documents. It is often paired with possessive pronouns or adjectives to specify whose act it is or what kind of act it is. For example, 'fe'l-e harâm' (a forbidden act) or 'fe'l-e nâ-pasand' (an unpleasant/inappropriate act). In these cases, it functions as the subject or object of a sentence, much like the word 'action' in English.

استاد گفت که این فعل بیقاعده است.
(The professor said that this verb is irregular.)

The Concept of 'Sarf': The word 'sarf' (conjugation) is almost always used with 'fe'l'. You conjugate a 'fe'l' to match the 'fâ'el' (subject).

آیا می‌توانی فعل «رفتن» را در زمان گذشته ساده بگویی؟
(Can you say the verb 'to go' in the simple past tense?)

Another important usage is in the phrase 'be fe'l dar-âmadan' (به فعل درآمدن), which means 'to be realized' or 'to come into action'. This is a high-level idiomatic expression used when a plan or a potentiality becomes a reality. It shows how the word 'fe'l' represents the transition from thought to existence. For instance, 'Arezu-ye u be fe'l dar-âmad' (His wish was realized/became an act).

Transitivity: Persian distinguishes between 'fe'l-e lâzem' (intransitive verb) and 'fe'l-e mota'addi' (transitive verb). Knowing which 'fe'l' requires an object is crucial for using the particle 'râ'.

هر فعل در زبان فارسی یک بن ماضی و یک بن مضارع دارد.
(Every verb in the Persian language has a past stem and a present stem.)

او با فعل خود همه را شگفت‌زده کرد.
(He surprised everyone with his act.)

تشخیص فعل در اشعار حافظ گاهی دشوار است.
(Identifying the verb in Hafez's poems is sometimes difficult.)

The most common place to hear the word فعل is in an educational setting. From primary school students learning their first 'bon-e mâzi' (past stem) to university students analyzing 'dastur-e târikhi' (historical grammar), 'fe'l' is the bread and butter of linguistic education. Teachers will use it to explain how to build sentences, how to change the voice from active to passive, and how to identify the mood of a sentence. If you watch a Persian educational video on YouTube or attend a class, you will hear 'fe'l' dozens of times per hour.

Legal and Religious Settings: In a courtroom or a mosque, 'fe'l' takes on its meaning of 'act'. A judge might refer to the 'fe'l-e mojremâne' (criminal act). A cleric might discuss 'af'âl-e vâjeb' (obligatory acts) during a sermon on Islamic law (Fiqh).

You will also encounter فعل in scientific and technical contexts. In chemistry, 'fe'l o enfe'âl' is the standard term for a 'reaction'. When two substances interact and change, that process is described using this word. Similarly, in psychology, it can describe the 'interaction' between individuals or between different parts of the psyche. This demonstrates that 'fe'l' is not just about words on a page, but about energy and change in the physical and mental world.

در این آزمایش، فعل و انفعالات شیمیایی را مشاهده می‌کنیم.
(In this experiment, we observe chemical reactions.)

Literary Criticism: Literary critics use 'fe'l' to discuss the style of an author. They might talk about the 'shortness of verbs' (kuti-ye af'âl) in the style of the 'Sabaq-e Khorasani' (Khorasani style) of poetry.

واعظ در مورد فعل نیکو سخن گفت.
(The preacher spoke about the good deed.)

Finally, in the world of computer science and logic, 'fe'l' can sometimes be used to describe an 'operation' or an 'event' in a system, though 'amaliyat' is more common. However, in the localization of software, 'verb' as a category in a programming language or a linguistic tool is always translated as 'fe'l'. So, if you are using a Persian interface for a word processor or a coding IDE, you will see 'fe'l' in the grammar checking settings.

Daily News: In political analysis, you might hear 'fe'l-e siyâsi' (political act), referring to a specific move made by a government or a diplomat.

این فعل سیاسی پیامدهای بزرگی خواهد داشت.
(This political act will have great consequences.)

کتاب دستور زبان بر روی فعل تمرکز دارد.
(The grammar book focuses on the verb.)

او به خاطر فعل اشتباهش عذرخواهی کرد.
(He apologized for his wrong act.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using فعل when they actually mean 'work' or 'job'. In English, we might say 'That was a good deed,' and a learner might translate 'deed' as 'fe'l'. While technically correct in a formal sense, in everyday Persian, you should use 'kar'. Saying 'Fe'l-e khubi kardi' sounds like you are a character in a 13th-century poem. Instead, say 'Kar-e khubi kardi'. Using 'fe'l' in casual conversation for 'action' is a sign of 'ketâbi' (bookish) speech that can sound unnatural.

Confusing 'Fe'l' and 'Amal': 'Amal' is much more common for 'action' or 'operation' (like surgery or a mathematical operation). 'Fe'l' is more abstract or grammatical. Don't use 'fe'l' for 'medical surgery'!

Another mistake involves the pluralization. Because فعل is an Arabic word, its plural is 'af'âl' (افعال). Many learners try to use the Persian plural suffix '-hâ' to make 'fe'l-hâ'. While 'fe'l-hâ' is increasingly common and acceptable in modern linguistics to refer to a list of verbs, 'af'âl' remains the standard for formal writing and traditional grammar. Using 'fe'l-ân' is completely incorrect as '-ân' is usually for animate beings, and 'fe'l' is an abstract concept.

❌ من یک فعل در اداره دارم.
(Incorrect: I have a 'verb' at the office - should be 'kar'.)

Misidentifying Compound Verbs: Learners often think only the last word (like 'kardan') is the 'fe'l'. In Persian, the whole unit (e.g., 'sohbat kardan') is the 'fe'l'. Don't separate them when identifying the verb!

❌ این فعل را در بیمارستان انجام دادند.
(Incorrect: They performed this 'verb' in the hospital - should be 'amal'.)

A subtle mistake is confusing 'fe'l' with 'fâ'el'. 'Fe'l' is the action (verb), while 'fâ'el' is the person doing it (subject). Because they sound similar and share the same Arabic root, beginners often swap them. 'Fâ'el' is the 'doer', and 'fe'l' is the 'doing'. Always remember: the 'fe'l' is what happens at the end of the sentence.

Tense Confusion: When asked to identify the 'fe'l', don't just give the infinitive (masdar). The 'fe'l' in the sentence is the conjugated form. 'Raftan' is the infinitive; 'raftam' is the 'fe'l'.

اشتباه در تشخیص بن فعل رایج است.
(Mistake in identifying the verb stem is common.)

نباید فعل را با اسم اشتباه گرفت.
(One should not mistake the verb for a noun.)

او فعل را اشتباه صرف کرد.
(He conjugated the verb incorrectly.)

To truly master the word فعل, you must understand how it relates to its synonyms and near-synonyms. While 'fe'l' is the go-to word for 'verb', Persian has several other words for 'action' or 'deed' that are used in different contexts. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a grammar textbook.

فعل (Fe'l) vs. کار (Kâr): 'Kâr' is the most common word for 'work', 'job', or 'task'. If you are doing something mundane like washing dishes or going to the office, use 'kâr'. 'Fe'l' is for grammatical verbs or formal/philosophical acts.
فعل (Fe'l) vs. عمل (Amal): 'Amal' refers to an action, operation, or practice. It is used in medicine (surgery), math, and when talking about 'putting something into practice'. 'Fe'l' is more about the existence of the act itself.
فعل (Fe'l) vs. کنش (Konesh): 'Konesh' is a pure Persian (non-Arabic) word for 'action' or 'reaction'. It is often used in social sciences and physics. It is the 'act' in 'action and reaction' (konesh va vakonesh).

In the realm of grammar, you might also hear 'masdar' (مصدر), which means 'infinitive'. While a 'fe'l' is a conjugated verb, the 'masdar' is the base form (like 'to go'). Learners often confuse the two. Another related term is 'gozâre' (گزاره), which means 'predicate'. The 'fe'l' is the core of the 'gozâre'.

در فارسی سره، به جای فعل گاهی از «کردار» استفاده می‌شود.
(In pure Persian, 'kerdâr' is sometimes used instead of 'fe'l' for 'deed'.)

فعل (Fe'l) vs. عملیات (Amaliyat): 'Amaliyat' refers to a series of actions, like a military operation or a computer process. 'Fe'l' is a single, discrete act or a grammatical unit.

تفاوت بین فعل و اسم در این درس توضیح داده شده است.
(The difference between verb and noun is explained in this lesson.)

When discussing the 'voice' of a verb, you will use 'fe'l-e ma'lum' (active verb) and 'fe'l-e majhul' (passive verb). These are technical terms where no other word can substitute for 'fe'l'. Similarly, 'fe'l-e amr' (imperative) and 'fe'l-e nahi' (prohibitive) are fixed terms. In these linguistic contexts, 'fe'l' is irreplaceable.

Summary Table: - Fe'l: Verb / Formal Act
- Kar: Work / Daily Task
- Amal: Action / Practice / Surgery
- Konesh: Scientific Action / Interaction

او میان قول و فعل خود تضاد دارد.
(There is a contradiction between his word and his act.)

این فعل در زمان آینده صرف شده است.
(This verb is conjugated in the future tense.)

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

In Arabic grammar books, the word 'Fe'l' is used as the template for all verbs. If you want to know how a verb is conjugated, you look at the 'Fe'l' pattern. Persian adopted this entire system of terminology.

발음 가이드

UK /feʔl/

US /fɛl/

The stress is on the single syllable of the word.

라임이 맞는 단어

نعل (Na'l - horseshoe) جعل (Ja'l - forgery) لعل (La'l - ruby) بعل (Ba'l - husband/lord) اهل (Ahl - people/family) سهل (Sahl - easy) جهل (Jahl - ignorance) عقل (Aql - intellect - near rhyme)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing it like 'feel' (long 'i' sound).
Ignoring the glottal stop in formal Persian.
Adding an extra vowel at the end (e.g., 'fe-leh').

난이도

독해 2/5

The word itself is easy to read, but identifying it in complex sentences can be hard.

쓰기 3/5

Requires understanding of the 'ayn' glottal stop and the Arabic plural 'af'âl'.

말하기 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once the short 'e' is mastered.

듣기 2/5

Easy to recognize in classroom settings as it is frequently repeated.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

اسم (Noun) جمله (Sentence) کار (Work/Action) من (I) است (Is)

다음에 배울 것

صرف (Conjugation) بن ماضی (Past stem) بن مضارع (Present stem) مفعول (Object) فاعل (Subject)

고급

وجه التزامی (Subjunctive mood) فعل مجهول (Passive voice) ساختار درونی فعل (Internal verb structure) فعل‌های پیشوندی (Prefixal verbs) تعدی و لزوم (Transitivity and Intransitivity)

알아야 할 문법

Verb-Final Position

In 'Man sib mikhoram', 'mikhoram' (the verb) is at the end.

Subject-Verb Agreement

The verb ending must match the subject (e.g., -am for 'Man').

Compound Verb Formation

Noun + Light Verb (e.g., 'Gush' + 'dâdan' = to listen).

Past vs. Present Stems

To make past tense, use the past stem (raft-); for present, use the present stem (rav-).

Negative Prefix 'Na-'

Adding 'na-' or 'ne-' to the beginning of the verb (e.g., 'nemiravam').

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수준별 예문

این یک فعل است.

This is a verb.

Simple sentence with 'ast' (to be).

فعل را پیدا کن.

Find the verb.

Imperative mood of 'peydâ kardan'.

من فعل «خوردن» را دوست دارم.

I like the verb 'to eat'.

Subject-Object-Verb structure.

فعل کجاست؟

Where is the verb?

Interrogative sentence.

او فعل را نوشت.

He/She wrote the verb.

Simple past tense.

ما فعل‌های ساده را یاد می‌گیریم.

We are learning simple verbs.

Present continuous sense.

این فعل سخت نیست.

This verb is not difficult.

Negative form of 'ast'.

فعل در آخر جمله می‌آید.

The verb comes at the end of the sentence.

General fact in present tense.

آیا این فعل گذشته است یا حال؟

Is this verb past or present?

Using 'yâ' (or) for choices.

باید فعل را صرف کنی.

You must conjugate the verb.

Modal 'bâyad' followed by subjunctive.

فعل‌های کمکی بسیار مهم هستند.

Auxiliary verbs are very important.

Plural noun with 'hastand'.

او فعل «رفتن» را اشتباه گفت.

He said the verb 'to go' incorrectly.

Adverbial use of 'eshtebâh'.

ما دیروز فعل‌های جدیدی یاد گرفتیم.

We learned new verbs yesterday.

Indefinite plural with 'i'.

این فعل بن مضارع ندارد؟

Does this verb not have a present stem?

Negative question.

لطفاً یک فعل مثال بزن.

Please give an example of a verb.

Imperative of 'mesâl zadan'.

فعل «داشتن» کمی متفاوت است.

The verb 'to have' is a bit different.

Comparative 'motafâvet'.

فعل‌های لازم به مفعول نیاز ندارند.

Intransitive verbs do not need an object.

Technical grammatical terminology.

در این متن، فعل‌های مجهول زیادی وجود دارد.

In this text, there are many passive verbs.

Existence with 'vojud dârad'.

او همیشه فعل و قولش یکی است.

His deed and his word are always the same.

Philosophical usage of 'fe'l'.

باید بین فعل و فاعل مطابقت باشد.

There must be agreement between the verb and the subject.

Concept of 'motâbeqat' (agreement).

این فعل به صورت التزامی به کار رفته است.

This verb is used in the subjunctive mood.

Passive construction 'be kâr rafte ast'.

آیا می‌توانی فعل‌های مرکب را تشخیص دهی؟

Can you identify compound verbs?

Modal 'tavânestan' with subjunctive.

فعل «کردن» در بسیاری از ترکیب‌ها دیده می‌شود.

The verb 'to do' is seen in many combinations.

Passive 'dide mishavad'.

او از فعل‌های قوی در نوشته‌اش استفاده می‌کند.

He uses strong verbs in his writing.

Adjective 'ghavi' modifying 'af'âl'.

ساختار فعل در زبان فارسی پیچیده است.

The structure of the verb in the Persian language is complex.

Noun phrase as subject.

این فعل از ریشه عربی مشتق شده است.

This verb is derived from an Arabic root.

Etymological description.

فعل‌های پیشوندی در متون کلاسیک رایج‌تر بودند.

Prefixal verbs were more common in classical texts.

Comparative 'râyej-tar'.

او مسئولیت هر فعل خود را می‌پذیرد.

He accepts responsibility for his every act.

Formal usage of 'fe'l'.

در این جمله، فعل به قرینه حذف شده است.

In this sentence, the verb has been omitted by context.

Advanced grammatical term 'hazf-e gharine'.

فعل و انفعالات شیمیایی در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد.

Chemical reactions were examined in the laboratory.

Compound term for 'reactions'.

نویسنده با انتخاب فعل‌های دقیق، فضا را توصیف کرد.

The writer described the atmosphere by choosing precise verbs.

Gerund-like use of 'entekhâb'.

صرف فعل در زمان‌های بعید دشوار است.

Conjugating verbs in distant (pluperfect) tenses is difficult.

Technical tense name 'zamân-e ba'id'.

تحول فعل در تاریخ زبان فارسی شگفت‌انگیز است.

The evolution of the verb in the history of the Persian language is amazing.

Abstract noun 'tahavvol'.

فعل‌های دعایی در ادبیات کهن کاربرد ویژه‌ای داشتند.

Precative verbs had a special use in ancient literature.

Specific literary category 'fe'l-e do'âyi'.

او به فعل درآوردنِ ایده‌هایش را آغاز کرد.

He began to realize (put into action) his ideas.

Idiomatic 'be fe'l dar-âvardan'.

حکما بر این باورند که فعل صادر شده از نفس، نشان‌دهنده کمال آن است.

Sages believe that the act issued from the soul indicates its perfection.

High-level philosophical prose.

در سبک خراسانی، ایجاز در فعل یکی از ویژگی‌های اصلی است.

In the Khorasani style, brevity in verbs is one of the main characteristics.

Literary criticism terminology.

فعل‌های دووجهی می‌توانند هم لازم و هم متعدی باشند.

Ambitransitive verbs can be both intransitive and transitive.

Complex grammatical classification.

بررسی جایگاه فعل در جملات مرکب ضروری است.

Examining the position of the verb in complex sentences is essential.

Infinitive 'barrasi' as subject.

او با هر فعل خود، تاریخ را ورق می‌زند.

With his every act, he turns the pages of history.

Metaphorical usage.

ساختار نحوی فعل در متون پهلوی با فارسی دری تفاوت‌های بنیادین دارد.

The syntactic structure of the verb in Pahlavi texts has fundamental differences from Dari Persian.

Linguistic analysis register.

فعل در این منظومه، نه تنها حامل معنا، بلکه سازنده وزن عروضی است.

The verb in this poem is not only a carrier of meaning but also a creator of the prosodic meter.

Advanced literary theory.

تجلی اراده در فعل، مبحثی کلیدی در عرفان اسلامی است.

The manifestation of will in action is a key topic in Islamic mysticism.

Theosophical terminology.

تمایز میان فعل بسیط و مرکب در برخی موارد چالش‌برانگیز است.

The distinction between simple and compound verbs is challenging in some cases.

Academic debate register.

نویسنده از فعل‌های مهجور برای بازسازی فضای باستانی بهره برده است.

The author has utilized archaic verbs to reconstruct the ancient atmosphere.

Stylistic analysis.

فعل‌های انصرافی در زبان‌های هندواروپایی ریشه‌های مشترکی دارند.

Inflected verbs in Indo-European languages have common roots.

Comparative linguistics.

در این جستار، به واکاوی نقش فعل در انسجام متن پرداخته‌ایم.

In this essay, we have explored the role of the verb in text cohesion.

Research paper introduction style.

فعل، غایتِ حرکت در ساحتِ زبان است.

The verb is the ultimate goal of movement in the realm of language.

Ontological statement about language.

자주 쓰는 조합

صرف فعل

فعل مرکب

فعل لازم

فعل متعدی

فعل و انفعال

فعل حرام

فعل کمکی

بن فعل

فعل ماضی

فعل مضارع

자주 쓰는 구문

به فعل درآوردن

— To put into action or to realize a potential.

او نقشه‌هایش را به فعل درآورد.

فعل مجهول

— Passive verb; where the subject is unknown or unimportant.

در متون علمی از فعل مجهول استفاده می‌شود.

فعل معلوم

— Active verb; where the subject is clear.

جمله را با فعل معلوم بنویس.

فعل امر

— Imperative verb; used for giving commands.

«بیا» یک فعل امر است.

فعل نهی

— Prohibitive verb; used for forbidding actions.

«نرو» فعل نهی است.

فعل پیشوندی

— Prefixal verb; a verb with a prefix that changes its meaning.

«برگشتن» یک فعل پیشوندی است.

فعل بیقاعده

— Irregular verb; does not follow standard conjugation rules.

فعل «بودن» بیقاعده است.

فعل باقاعده

— Regular verb; follows standard conjugation rules.

بیشتر فعل‌ها باقاعده هستند.

فعل وجهی

— Modal verb; expresses necessity or possibility.

«توانستن» یک فعل وجهی است.

فعل اخلاقی

— A moral act; an action judged by ethical standards.

کمک به دیگران یک فعل اخلاقی است.

자주 혼동되는 단어

فعل vs فاعل (Fâ'el)

Fâ'el is the subject (the doer), while Fe'l is the verb (the action). They sound similar because they share the same root.

فعل vs فصل (Fasl)

Fasl means 'season' or 'chapter'. It sounds somewhat similar but has a completely different meaning.

فعل vs فیل (Fil)

Fil means 'elephant'. The vowel is long 'i', whereas Fe'l has a short 'e'.

관용어 및 표현

"فعل و انفعال"

— Literally 'action and reaction', used to describe complex interactions or chemical processes.

فعل و انفعالات روحی او پیچیده است.

Formal/Scientific

"به فعل درآمدن"

— To be actualized or realized; moving from theory to practice.

بالاخره آرزویش به فعل درآمد.

Formal/Literary

"قوه به فعل"

— From potential to actual; a philosophical term for growth or realization.

استعدادهای او از قوه به فعل رسید.

Academic/Philosophical

"فعلِ خودسرانه"

— An arbitrary or impulsive act.

او از فعل خودسرانه پرهیز می‌کند.

Formal

"فعلِ شنیع"

— An atrocious or heinous act.

او به خاطر فعل شنیعش مجازات شد.

Legal/Formal

"فعلِ صواب"

— A correct or righteous act.

این یک فعل صواب است.

Religious/Formal

"فعلِ عبث"

— A futile or useless act.

تلاش برای تغییر او فعل عبث است.

Literary

"فعلِ متهورانه"

— A daring or reckless act.

او به خاطر فعل متهورانه‌اش مشهور شد.

Formal

"فعلِ ناشیانه"

— An amateurish or clumsy act.

این یک فعل ناشیانه بود.

Neutral

"فعلِ ارادی"

— A voluntary or intentional act.

تنفس همیشه یک فعل ارادی نیست.

Scientific/Formal

혼동하기 쉬운

فعل vs عمل (Amal)

Both mean 'action'.

Amal is used for physical operations, medical surgery, or practicing something. Fe'l is for grammatical verbs or formal/abstract acts.

عمل جراحی (Surgery) vs. فعل ماضی (Past verb).

فعل vs کار (Kar)

Both can mean 'deed'.

Kar is the everyday word for work or tasks. Fe'l is formal and usually restricted to grammar or ethics.

کارِ خانه (Housework) vs. فعلِ اخلاقی (Moral act).

فعل vs کردار (Kerdar)

Both mean 'deed'.

Kerdar is poetic and refers to a person's lifelong behavior. Fe'l is a single act or a grammatical term.

کردار نیک (Good deeds).

فعل vs کنش (Konesh)

Both mean 'action'.

Konesh is used in technical/scientific contexts (like physics). Fe'l is linguistic or philosophical.

کنش و واکنش (Action and reaction).

فعل vs مصدر (Masdar)

Both relate to verbs.

Masdar is the infinitive (the 'to' form), while Fe'l is the conjugated verb in a sentence.

«رفتن» مصدر است، «رفتم» فعل است.

문장 패턴

[Subject] [Object] [Verb].

من کتاب می‌خوانم.

[Subject] [Time] [Verb-Past].

او دیروز آمد.

[Subject] [Object] + را [Verb-Transitive].

علی سیب را خورد.

باید [Verb-Subjunctive].

باید بروم.

[Subject] در حال [Verb-Stem] بود.

سارا در حال نوشتن بود.

اگر [Verb-Past Subjunctive], [Verb-Conditional].

اگر رفته بودی، او را می‌دیدی.

[Noun] به فعل درآمد.

نقشه به فعل درآمد.

[Verb-Participle] [Auxiliary Verb].

نامه نوشته شده است.

어휘 가족

명사

فاعل (Fâ'el - Subject/Doer)

مفعول (Maf'ul - Object)

فعالیت (Fa'âliyat - Activity)

انفعال (Enfe'âl - Passivity/Reaction)

افعال (Af'âl - Verbs/Acts)

동사

فعال کردن (Fa'âl kardan - To activate)

فعال شدن (Fa'âl shodan - To become active)

به فعل درآوردن (Be fe'l dar-âvardan - To realize/actualize)

형용사

فعال (Fa'âl - Active)

فعلی (Fe'li - Current/Verbal)

منفعل (Monfa'el - Passive)

انفعالی (Enfe'âli - Reactive)

사용법

frequency

Extremely high in educational and formal contexts; low in casual daily speech except when discussing language.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'fe'l' for 'work'. → Use 'kar'.
'Fe'l' is too formal/grammatical for daily chores or jobs.
Putting the 'fe'l' at the beginning of the sentence. → Put it at the end.
Persian is an SOV language; verbs go last.
Confusing 'fe'l' with 'fâ'el'. → Use 'fe'l' for action, 'fâ'el' for person.
They share a root but have different grammatical functions.
Using Persian plural 'fe'l-ân'. → Use 'af'âl' or 'fe'l-hâ'.
'-ân' is for people; 'fe'l' is an abstract noun.
Treating compound verbs as two separate words. → Treat them as one 'fe'l'.
In 'sohbat kardan', the whole phrase is the verb.

팁

Spot the Verb

Always look at the end of a Persian sentence to find the 'fe'l'. It's the key to understanding the whole sentence.

Arabic Roots

Learning the root F-'-L helps you understand many other words like 'fa'al' (active) and 'maf'ul' (object).

Colloquial Verbs

Verbs change a lot in spoken Persian. Learn the spoken 'fe'l' forms to sound more natural.

Agreement

Make sure your 'fe'l' agrees with your subject. If the subject is plural, the 'fe'l' must be plural too.

Compound Verbs

Focus on 'kardan' and 'shodan' verbs first, as they make up the majority of Persian 'af'âl'.

Formal Acts

Use 'fe'l' when writing formal essays about human behavior or ethics.

Verb Endings

Train your ear to catch the last syllable of the sentence; that's where the 'fe'l' ending is.

Mnemonic

Remember: Fe'l = Final. The verb is the final word.

Poetry

In poetry, the 'fe'l' might not be at the end. Look for the conjugation to find it.

Daily Verb

Pick one 'fe'l' every day and try to conjugate it in all tenses.

암기하기

기억법

Think of the English word 'FEEL'. While a 'fe'l' is a verb (action), you often 'feel' the results of an action. Or, associate 'Fe'l' with 'Full'—a sentence is only 'full' and complete when it has a verb.

시각적 연상

Imagine a giant 'V' (for Verb) at the very end of a long Persian sentence, acting like a period or a stop sign. That 'V' is the 'Fe'l'.

Word Web

Grammar Action Conjugation Sentence Subject Object Tense Stem

챌린지

Try to find the 'fe'l' in five different Persian sentences today. Remember, look at the very end of the sentence first!

어원

The word 'فعل' is borrowed from Arabic. In Arabic, the root F-'-L (ف-ع-ل) means 'to do' or 'to act'. It is the standard root used in Arabic grammar to demonstrate verb patterns (e.g., Fa'ala, Yaf'alu).

원래 의미: The original meaning in Arabic is 'action' or 'deed'.

Semitic (Arabic) root, incorporated into the Indo-European (Persian) lexicon.

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities, as it is a neutral grammatical and formal term.

English speakers are used to verbs coming after the subject (SVO). In Persian, the 'fe'l' moves to the end (SOV), which is the biggest mental shift for learners.

The phrase 'پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک' (Good thoughts, good words, good deeds) uses 'kerdâr', a synonym of 'fe'l'. Grammar textbooks by Gholam-Hossein Yusofi often focus on the 'evolution of the fe'l'. Classical 'Sarf va Nahv' (Morphology and Syntax) classes in seminaries.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Persian Language Class

این فعل را صرف کن.
زمان این فعل چیست؟
بن مضارع این فعل را بگو.
آیا این فعل بیقاعده است؟

Philosophy/Ethics

فعل اخلاقی
تضاد قول و فعل
مسئولیت فعل
فعل ارادی

Chemistry/Science

فعل و انفعال شیمیایی
سرعت فعل و انفعال
فعل و انفعالات مغزی
نتیجه فعل و انفعال

Legal/Formal Writing

فعل مجرمانه
ارتکاب فعل
فعل و ترک فعل
شرح فعل

Linguistic Research

ساختار فعل
تحول فعل
گروه فعلی
فعل‌های مرکب

대화 시작하기

"سخت‌ترین فعلی که تا حالا در فارسی یاد گرفتی چی بوده؟ (What's the hardest verb you've learned in Persian so far?)"

"آیا می‌دونی چرا فعل در فارسی آخر جمله میاد؟ (Do you know why the verb comes at the end in Persian?)"

"به نظر تو فعل‌های مرکب راحت‌ترن یا فعل‌های ساده؟ (In your opinion, are compound verbs easier or simple verbs?)"

"می‌تونی چند تا فعل که با «کردن» ساخته می‌شن بگی؟ (Can you say a few verbs made with 'kardan'?)"

"چطور فعل‌های بیقاعده رو حفظ می‌کنی؟ (How do you memorize irregular verbs?)"

일기 주제

امروز پنج فعل جدید یاد گرفتم و می‌خواهم با آن‌ها جمله بسازم. (Today I learned five new verbs and I want to make sentences with them.)

تفاوت بین «قول» و «فعل» در زندگی من چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'word' and 'deed' in my life?)

چرا یادگیری صرف فعل برای من چالش‌برانگیز است؟ (Why is learning verb conjugation challenging for me?)

یک داستان کوتاه بنویس که در آن فقط از فعل‌های ساده استفاده شده باشد. (Write a short story using only simple verbs.)

درباره یک «فعل اخلاقی» که اخیراً انجام دادی یا دیدی بنویس. (Write about a 'moral act' you recently did or saw.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Only if you are talking about learning Persian or grammar. Otherwise, people use 'kar' for actions.

The formal plural is 'af'âl' (افعال), but in modern linguistics, 'fe'l-hâ' (فعل‌ها) is also used.

In standard Persian, yes. In poetry or very informal speech, it might move, but the rule is SOV (Subject-Object-Verb).

It's a verb made of a non-verbal part (noun/adj) and a light verb, like 'sohbat kardan' (to talk).

No, 'fact' is 'vaqe'iyat'. 'Fe'l' is specifically an action or a verb.

You say 'sarf kardan-e fe'l' (صرف کردن فعل).

It is an Arabic loanword that has been part of Persian for over a thousand years.

It means 'auxiliary verb' or 'helping verb', like 'have' in 'I have eaten'.

No, for 'job' you should use 'shoghl' or 'kar'.

'Fe'l' is the verb (the action), and 'fâ'el' is the subject (the person doing it).

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