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A1 noun #2,800 가장 일반적인 11분 분량

خون

khoon
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설명 خون in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'خون' (khun) is introduced as a basic noun meaning 'blood'. It is essential for beginners to learn this word for emergency situations, basic health descriptions, and understanding simple biological concepts. At this stage, learners focus on recognizing the word and using it in very simple sentences, such as 'این خون است' (This is blood) or 'دستم خون آمد' (My hand bled). The pronunciation is straightforward, though mastering the guttural 'kh' sound is a key phonetic milestone for beginners. Vocabulary lists at this level will pair 'خون' with other body parts and basic medical terms like doctor, hospital, and pain. It is a highly practical word that provides a foundation for more complex expressions later on. Learners are not expected to know the idiomatic uses at this level, but they should be able to identify the word in written and spoken forms, understanding its literal meaning. Simple collocations like 'رنگ خون' (color of blood) are also introduced. The focus is entirely on the literal, physical substance.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'خون' beyond simple identification to practical, everyday health scenarios. They learn to combine 'خون' with basic verbs to describe actions, such as 'خون دادن' (to donate blood) or 'آزمایش خون' (blood test). This level introduces the concept of compound words in Persian, showing how 'خون' can be modified. For example, learners encounter 'فشار خون' (blood pressure) and 'گروه خونی' (blood type), which are crucial for visiting a clinic or pharmacy in a Persian-speaking country. The grammar focus shifts slightly to using 'خون' as the subject of an active verb, like 'خونریزی کردن' (to bleed). Learners at A2 can read simple texts about health and understand basic instructions from a doctor involving blood. They also start to notice that 'خون' is used frequently in daily life, not just in emergencies. The vocabulary broadens to include words related to injuries, such as 'زخم' (wound) and 'بریدگی' (cut), which naturally collocate with 'خون'.
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At the B1 level, the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'خون' are introduced, marking a significant step in cultural fluency. Learners encounter highly common personality adjectives like 'خون‌گرم' (warm-hearted/friendly) and 'خون‌سرد' (calm/cool-headed). Understanding these terms is crucial because they are used daily in social interactions and their meanings differ from literal English translations (especially 'cold-blooded'). At this intermediate stage, learners can express their feelings and describe others' personalities using these compounds. They also learn expressions of anger, such as 'خون کسی به جوش آمدن' (blood boiling). Reading comprehension at B1 includes short stories or news articles where 'خون' might be used to describe minor conflicts or emotional states. The grammar involves using these compound adjectives correctly in sentences, agreeing with the subject. Learners begin to appreciate the richness of Persian idioms and how a basic physical noun like 'خون' is transformed to convey deep psychological and social meanings.
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At the B2 level, learners dive deeper into the abstract, political, and literary uses of 'خون'. They encounter terms like 'خونریزی' (bloodshed) in the context of news reports, history, and politics. The vocabulary expands to include words like 'خون‌بها' (blood money) and 'هم‌خون' (blood relative). Learners are expected to understand and use 'خون' in discussions about justice, war, and family lineage. Idioms become more complex, such as 'خون دل خوردن' (to suffer greatly/eat the blood of the heart). At this level, learners can read opinion pieces, watch news broadcasts, and understand the cultural weight of phrases like 'خون شهدا' (blood of the martyrs). They can articulate complex emotional states and historical events using 'خون'-related vocabulary. The focus is on nuance, register, and understanding the cultural connotations that the word carries in Iranian society, moving far beyond its biological definition into the realm of sociology and history.
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At the C1 level, the mastery of 'خون' involves understanding its usage in classical and contemporary Persian literature, poetry, and advanced rhetoric. Learners encounter the word in the works of Hafez, Saadi, and Rumi, where 'خون' often symbolizes intense passion, the pain of unrequited love, or the ultimate sacrifice. Phrases like 'خون جگر' (blood of the liver) or 'تشنه به خون' (bloodthirsty) are understood in their poetic and dramatic contexts. Learners can analyze texts where 'خون' is used as a powerful metaphor for life force or tragic fate. They are capable of using these advanced idioms naturally in sophisticated conversations, essays, and debates. The understanding of 'خون' at this level is deeply intertwined with Persian cultural identity, history, and the philosophical concepts of suffering and devotion. Learners can seamlessly switch between the clinical, colloquial, and poetic registers of the word, demonstrating near-native fluency in its application.
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At the C2 level, learners possess a native-like command of the word 'خون' and all its derivatives, idioms, and cultural nuances. They can deconstruct the etymology of compound words and understand obscure or archaic uses of 'خون' in ancient texts. They can effortlessly employ 'خون' in highly specialized contexts, whether it be a complex medical journal article discussing hematology, a legal document detailing 'دیه' (diya/blood money), or a literary critique of a Persian epic. At this mastery level, learners appreciate the subtle phonetic shifts in regional dialects when pronouncing 'خون' and can play with the word in creative writing or rhetoric. They understand the deepest psychological and historical resonances of the word in the Iranian collective consciousness, using it to persuade, evoke profound emotion, or analyze complex societal issues. The word 'خون' is no longer just vocabulary; it is a lens through which they can interpret the full spectrum of Persian thought and expression.
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خون 30초 만에

  • Literal meaning: Blood (the red bodily fluid).
  • Used in medical terms: Blood test, blood pressure.
  • Used in personality traits: Warm-blooded (friendly), cold-blooded (calm).
  • Used in idioms to express intense anger or deep sorrow.

The Persian word خون (pronounced 'khun') translates directly to 'blood' in English. It is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, categorized at the CEFR A1 level due to its basic physiological and everyday usage. Beyond its literal meaning as the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body, it holds immense metaphorical, cultural, and idiomatic weight in Persian literature and daily conversation. Understanding خون is essential not only for medical or emergency contexts but also for grasping the emotional and social nuances of Iranian culture. In its most basic sense, you will encounter this word when discussing health, injuries, or biology. For instance, if someone cuts their finger, they might say 'دستم خون آمد' (My hand bled). The concept of blood is universal, but the way it weaves into the tapestry of Persian expressions is unique.

Literal Usage
Refers to the bodily fluid. Example: اهدا خون (blood donation).

Sentence: رنگ خون قرمز است.

Translation: The color of blood is red.

Metaphorically, خون represents life force, lineage, temperament, and intense emotion. Persian is rich with compound words and idioms utilizing this root. For example, someone who is friendly and warm is described as 'خون‌گرم' (warm-blooded), while someone who is calm or indifferent is 'خون‌سرد' (cold-blooded). This is a fascinating divergence from English, where 'cold-blooded' often implies cruelty. In Persian, 'khunsard' is generally a positive trait, meaning one does not easily panic.

Metaphorical Usage
Refers to temperament or emotion. Example: خون‌سردی (calmness).

Sentence: او آدم بسیار خون‌گرمی است.

Translation: He is a very warm-hearted person.

The word is also deeply tied to concepts of justice, revenge, and suffering in classical Persian literature. The phrase 'خون دل خوردن' (to drink the blood of one's heart) means to endure immense suffering or hardship. This poetic imagery is frequently found in the works of Hafez, Rumi, and Ferdowsi.

Poetic Usage
Refers to deep sorrow or sacrifice.

Sentence: برای این کار خون دل‌ها خورده‌ام.

Translation: I have suffered greatly for this work.

In modern contexts, you will see خون in medical settings, such as 'آزمایش خون' (blood test) or 'فشار خون' (blood pressure). These are highly practical terms that any learner should memorize early on.

Sentence: باید آزمایش خون بدهم.

Translation: I need to take a blood test.

Understanding the dual nature of خون—as a literal biological term and a profound metaphorical symbol—is key to mastering its usage. Whether you are navigating a hospital visit in Tehran or analyzing a classical ghazal, this word will appear frequently.

Sentence: خون او به جوش آمد.

Translation: His blood boiled (he became very angry).

Using the word خون correctly in Persian involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its frequent appearance in compound adjectives and compound verbs. As a simple noun, it follows standard Persian syntax, typically acting as a subject or object. For example, 'خون ریخت' (blood spilled). However, its true versatility shines in combinations.

Noun Usage
Used directly to mean blood. Example: لکه خون (blood stain).

Sentence: روی پیراهنش لکه خون بود.

Translation: There was a blood stain on his shirt.

One of the most common ways to use خون is in medical terminology. If you are visiting a doctor, you need to know phrases like 'فشار خون' (blood pressure), 'گروه خونی' (blood type), and 'قند خون' (blood sugar). Notice that in 'گروه خونی', the suffix 'ی' (i) is added to turn the noun into a relational adjective (blood-related).

Medical Compounds
Essential for healthcare contexts.

Sentence: فشار خون پدربزرگم بالاست.

Translation: My grandfather's blood pressure is high.

Another critical area of usage is in compound verbs. Persian relies heavily on compound verbs, and خون is no exception. 'خونریزی کردن' means to bleed. 'خون دادن' means to donate blood. 'خون گرفتن' means to draw blood. These verbs conjugate based on the auxiliary verb (کردن, دادن, گرفتن) while the noun خون remains unchanged.

Compound Verbs
Combining 'khun' with action verbs.

Sentence: بیمار در حال خونریزی است.

Translation: The patient is bleeding.

Idiomatic usage is where خون becomes truly expressive. To express extreme anger, you say 'خون کسی به جوش آمدن' (someone's blood boiling). To describe someone who is ruthless, you might call them 'خون‌خوار' (blood-drinking/bloodthirsty). To describe a massacre or huge uproar, you use 'خون به پا کردن' (to establish blood/cause a bloodbath).

Sentence: با حرف‌هایش خون من را به جوش آورد.

Translation: With his words, he made my blood boil.

When using خون in adjectives describing personality, remember the cultural context. 'خون‌گرم' (khungarm) is a high compliment in Iranian culture, denoting hospitality, friendliness, and approachability. Conversely, 'خون‌سرد' (khunsard) is also positive, meaning calm and collected under pressure, unlike the English 'cold-blooded' which implies psychopathy.

Sentence: ایرانی‌ها مردم خون‌گرمی هستند.

Translation: Iranians are warm-hearted people.

The word خون is ubiquitous in Persian, appearing across all registers of the language, from the most casual street slang to the highest echelons of classical poetry and formal news broadcasts. In everyday life, you will hear it most frequently in conversations about health, personality traits, and emotional states. If you watch Iranian television dramas or movies, you will undoubtedly hear characters using idioms related to خون to express intense feelings.

Everyday Conversation
Used in casual chats about health or feelings.

Sentence: دستم برید و خون آمد.

Translation: I cut my hand and it bled.

In medical settings, hospitals, and clinics, خون is a high-frequency word. Doctors and nurses will use it when discussing lab results, such as 'آزمایش خون' (blood test), 'کم‌خونی' (anemia/low blood), or 'انتقال خون' (blood transfusion). If you travel to Iran or interact with Persian-speaking healthcare professionals, these terms are vital.

Healthcare Settings
Hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies.

Sentence: سازمان انتقال خون نیاز به اهداکننده دارد.

Translation: The blood transfusion organization needs donors.

In the realm of news and politics, خون is often used to describe violence, casualties, or historical sacrifices. Phrases like 'خونریزی' (bloodshed) or 'ریختن خون بی‌گناهان' (spilling the blood of innocents) are common in journalistic Persian. Furthermore, the concept of 'خون شهدا' (the blood of martyrs) is a deeply ingrained cultural and political motif in post-revolutionary Iran, frequently heard in official speeches and seen on murals.

News and Politics
Used to discuss conflict, sacrifice, and history.

Sentence: در این جنگ خون‌های زیادی ریخته شد.

Translation: Much blood was spilled in this war.

Classical and modern Persian literature is another domain where خون features prominently. Poets use it to symbolize the pain of love, the cruelty of fate, or the essence of life. The idiom 'خون جگر' (blood of the liver) or 'خون دل' (blood of the heart) is a staple of poetic expression, denoting profound grief.

Sentence: از غم هجران تو خون می‌گریم.

Translation: I weep blood from the sorrow of separation from you.

Finally, in social contexts, you will hear خون used to describe family ties. 'هم‌خون' (of the same blood) refers to blood relatives. When Iranians want to emphasize a deep, unbreakable bond, they might refer to shared blood.

Sentence: ما با هم هم‌خون هستیم.

Translation: We are blood relatives.

While خون is a basic word, learners often make mistakes when integrating it into compound verbs or translating English idioms directly into Persian. One of the most common errors is using the wrong auxiliary verb for 'to bleed'. In English, 'bleed' is a single verb. In Persian, learners sometimes try to invent a verb like 'khunidan' (which does not exist) or use 'خون کردن' incorrectly. The correct colloquial expression is 'خون آمدن' (blood to come) for a passive bleed, or 'خونریزی کردن' (to do bloodshed/bleeding) for a medical or continuous bleed.

Verb Collocation
Choosing the right auxiliary verb is crucial.

Sentence: Incorrect: دستم خون می‌کند. / Correct: دستم خون می‌آید.

Translation: My hand is bleeding.

Another frequent mistake arises from translating the English idiom 'cold-blooded'. In English, a cold-blooded person is ruthless or lacks empathy. If an English speaker tries to insult someone in Persian by calling them 'خون‌سرد' (khunsard), the insult will fail entirely. In Persian, 'خون‌سرد' means calm, relaxed, and unbothered by stress—a positive attribute. To call someone ruthless, you should use 'سنگدل' (stone-hearted) or 'بی‌رحم' (merciless).

False Friends in Translation
Beware of literal translations of English idioms.

Sentence: او در مواقع بحرانی بسیار خون‌سرد است.

Translation: He is very calm in times of crisis. (Not ruthless!)

Similarly, learners might misuse 'خون‌گرم' (khungarm). While it translates to 'warm-blooded', it has nothing to do with biology in everyday conversation. It means friendly, hospitable, and outgoing. Using it to describe an animal's biological classification outside of a strict science class might cause slight confusion, though technically correct.

Contextual Nuance
Understand the social meaning of 'khungarm'.

Sentence: مردم جنوب ایران بسیار خون‌گرم هستند.

Translation: The people of southern Iran are very warm-hearted.

Pronunciation can also be a minor stumbling block. The 'خ' (khe) sound is a voiceless uvular fricative, similar to the 'ch' in the Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach'. English speakers often pronounce it as a hard 'K', saying 'koon' instead of 'khun'. This is a noticeable accent marker. Practice the guttural 'kh' sound to sound more natural.

Sentence: تلفظ صحیح حرف خ در کلمه خون مهم است.

Translation: The correct pronunciation of the letter 'khe' in the word 'khun' is important.

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 'خون' (blood) with 'خونه' (colloquial for house/home, from خانه). While spelled differently (خون vs خونه), in fast spoken Persian, 'khun' and 'khune' can sound similar to an untrained ear. Context usually makes it obvious, but it's worth noting.

Sentence: من می‌روم خونه (I go home) vs من خون دادم (I gave blood).

Translation: Pay attention to the ending vowel sound.

When studying the word خون, it is helpful to explore its synonyms, related terms, and words that share similar metaphorical spaces in Persian. While خون is the absolute standard word for 'blood', there are formal, literary, and descriptive alternatives depending on the context. In highly formal or Arabic-influenced texts, you might encounter the word 'دم' (dam), which is the Arabic word for blood. However, this is extremely rare in modern conversational Persian and is mostly reserved for religious or classical literary contexts.

Formal/Arabic Synonym
دم (dam) - rarely used in daily speech.

Sentence: کلمه دم در متون قدیمی به جای خون استفاده می‌شد.

Translation: The word 'dam' was used instead of 'khun' in old texts.

A related concept is 'خونابه' (khunabeh), which refers to a mixture of blood and water, or bloody serum. This is a more specific medical or descriptive term. Another closely related word is 'خونریزی' (khunrizi), meaning hemorrhage or bleeding. While not a direct synonym for blood, it is the primary noun used to describe the action of losing blood.

Related Nouns
Words derived from 'khun'.

Sentence: پزشک توانست خونریزی را متوقف کند.

Translation: The doctor was able to stop the bleeding.

Metaphorically, if you are looking for words similar to 'خون‌گرم' (warm-hearted), you might use 'مهربان' (kind) or 'صمیمی' (intimate/friendly). If you are looking for synonyms for 'خون‌سرد' (calm), you could use 'آرام' (peaceful/calm) or 'بی‌خیال' (carefree). Understanding these alternatives helps enrich your vocabulary and prevents you from overusing the 'khun' compounds.

Metaphorical Synonyms
Alternatives for personality traits.

Sentence: او مردی مهربان و خون‌گرم است.

Translation: He is a kind and warm-hearted man.

In the context of lineage or family, where خون is used to mean 'blood relative' (هم‌خون), similar words include 'خویشاوند' (relative), 'فامیل' (family/relative), or 'نسب' (lineage). While 'هم‌خون' emphasizes the biological connection, 'خویشاوند' is the more standard, formal term for a family member.

Sentence: آن‌ها با هم هم‌خون و خویشاوند هستند.

Translation: They are blood relatives and kin.

Lastly, when خون is used to denote murder or a blood price (خون‌بها), related legal or formal terms include 'دیه' (blood money/wergild) or 'قتل' (murder). 'دیه' is the specific Islamic legal term for financial compensation paid to the victim or heirs of a victim in cases of murder, bodily harm, or property damage, effectively acting as a synonym for 'خون‌بها' in legal contexts.

Sentence: قاتل باید خون‌بها یا دیه پرداخت کند.

Translation: The murderer must pay blood money or diya.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verbs: How to conjugate verbs like خون دادن.

Ezafe: Linking nouns, e.g., آزمایشِ خون.

Adjective Formation: Adding 'ی' to nouns to make adjectives (خون -> خونی).

Prepositions with Verbs of Fear: ترسیدن از خون.

Subject-Verb Agreement with Inanimate Subjects: خون می‌آید.

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수준별 예문

1

این خون است.

This is blood.

Simple subject + 'to be' verb.

2

رنگ خون قرمز است.

The color of blood is red.

Noun phrase 'رنگ خون' (color of blood) using Ezafe.

3

دستم خون آمد.

My hand bled.

Colloquial use of 'آمدن' (to come) with blood.

4

من از خون می‌ترسم.

I am afraid of blood.

Use of preposition 'از' (from/of) with verbs of fear.

5

خون در بدن است.

Blood is in the body.

Preposition 'در' (in) indicating location.

6

آن لکه خون است.

That is a blood stain.

Demonstrative pronoun 'آن' (that).

7

خون او ریخت.

His blood spilled.

Past tense of 'ریختن' (to spill).

8

من خون دیدم.

I saw blood.

Direct object without 'را' because it is indefinite.

1

من باید آزمایش خون بدهم.

I must give a blood test.

Compound noun 'آزمایش خون' and modal verb 'باید'.

2

فشار خون او بالا است.

His blood pressure is high.

Medical compound 'فشار خون'.

3

دیروز خون اهدا کردم.

I donated blood yesterday.

Compound verb 'اهدا کردن' (to donate).

4

گروه خونی من او مثبت است.

My blood type is O positive.

Adjectival form 'خونی' using the 'ی' suffix.

5

زخم او خونریزی دارد.

His wound is bleeding.

Noun 'خونریزی' (bleeding) with verb 'داشتن' (to have).

6

قند خونش پایین آمد.

His blood sugar went down.

Medical term 'قند خون' (blood sugar).

7

پزشک از من خون گرفت.

The doctor drew blood from me.

Verb 'گرفتن' (to take/draw) used with blood.

8

بیمار به خون نیاز دارد.

The patient needs blood.

Preposition 'به' (to) with 'نیاز داشتن' (to need).

1

مردم ایران بسیار خون‌گرم هستند.

The people of Iran are very warm-hearted.

Compound adjective 'خون‌گرم' describing personality.

2

او در شرایط سخت کاملاً خون‌سرد است.

He is completely calm in difficult situations.

Compound adjective 'خون‌سرد' meaning calm.

3

حرف‌هایت خون من را به جوش آورد.

Your words made my blood boil.

Idiom 'خون به جوش آوردن' (to make blood boil/anger).

4

آن‌ها با هم هم‌خون هستند.

They are blood relatives.

Compound noun 'هم‌خون' (same blood/relative).

5

کم‌خونی باعث خستگی او می‌شود.

Anemia causes his fatigue.

Medical condition 'کم‌خونی' (anemia/low blood).

6

رگ‌های خونی در سراسر بدن وجود دارند.

Blood vessels exist throughout the body.

Term 'رگ‌های خونی' (blood vessels).

7

او با خون‌سردی به سوالات جواب داد.

He answered the questions with calmness.

Noun form 'خون‌سردی' (calmness) used with preposition 'با'.

8

انتقال خون جان بیمار را نجات داد.

The blood transfusion saved the patient's life.

Medical procedure 'انتقال خون' (blood transfusion).

1

در آن جنگ خونریزی زیادی اتفاق افتاد.

A lot of bloodshed happened in that war.

Noun 'خونریزی' used to mean bloodshed/carnage.

2

خانواده مقتول تقاضای خون‌بها کردند.

The victim's family demanded blood money.

Legal/cultural term 'خون‌بها' (blood money).

3

او برای موفقیت در این کار خون دل‌ها خورد.

He suffered greatly to succeed in this work.

Idiom 'خون دل خوردن' (to suffer hardship).

4

دیکتاتور تشنه به خون مخالفانش بود.

The dictator was bloodthirsty for his opponents.

Idiom 'تشنه به خون' (bloodthirsty).

5

با این کارش خون به پا کرد.

With this action, he caused a massive uproar/bloodbath.

Idiom 'خون به پا کردن' (to cause a major conflict).

6

لخته شدن خون می‌تواند خطرناک باشد.

Blood clotting can be dangerous.

Medical term 'لخته شدن خون' (blood clotting).

7

او خون‌بهای برادرش را بخشید.

He forgave his brother's blood money.

Use of 'خون‌بها' in the context of forgiveness.

8

سرطان خون یک بیماری جدی است.

Leukemia (blood cancer) is a serious disease.

Medical term 'سرطان خون' (leukemia).

1

شاعر از غم یار خون می‌گرید.

The poet weeps blood from the sorrow of the beloved.

Poetic idiom 'خون گریستن' (to weep blood).

2

خون او پایمال نخواهد شد.

His blood will not be trampled (his death will not be in vain).

Idiom 'خون کسی پایمال شدن' (blood being trampled/wasted).

3

این تصمیم خون تازه‌ای در رگ‌های اقتصاد دمید.

This decision breathed new blood into the veins of the economy.

Metaphor 'خون تازه دمیدن' (to breathe new life/blood).

4

او با خون‌سردی تمام، نقشه شوم خود را اجرا کرد.

With utmost cold-bloodedness, he executed his sinister plan.

Advanced use of 'خون‌سردی' implying calculated ruthlessness in this specific context.

5

خون جگر خوردن در راه عشق، رسم عاشقان است.

Suffering deeply (eating liver's blood) in the path of love is the custom of lovers.

Classical poetic phrase 'خون جگر خوردن'.

6

آن‌ها پیمان هم‌خونی بستند.

They made a blood pact.

Concept of 'پیمان هم‌خونی' (blood pact).

7

خون‌خواهی حق قانونی و شرعی آن‌هاست.

Seeking vengeance (blood-seeking) is their legal and religious right.

Legal/historical term 'خون‌خواهی' (seeking revenge/justice).

8

رنگ رخساره خبر می‌دهد از سرّ ضمیر، وقتی خون در چهره‌اش دوید.

The color of the face reveals the inner secret, when blood rushed to his face.

Literary description 'خون در چهره دویدن' (blood rushing to the face/blushing).

1

در متون کهن، واژه دم به کرات به جای خون استعمال شده است.

In ancient texts, the word 'dam' has been frequently used instead of 'khun'.

Academic discussion of synonyms.

2

مفهوم خون‌بست در عشایر ایران، سنتی برای پایان دادن به نزاع‌های خونین بود.

The concept of 'Khun-bast' in Iranian tribes was a tradition to end bloody feuds.

Anthropological term 'خون‌بست' (blood-tying/marriage to end a feud).

3

تراژدی رستم و سهراب، غمنامه ریختن خون ناحق پسر به دست پدر است.

The tragedy of Rostam and Sohrab is the elegy of the unjust spilling of a son's blood by his father's hand.

Literary analysis using 'خون ناحق' (unjust blood).

4

جهش ژنتیکی در سلول‌های بنیادی خون‌ساز منجر به این سندروم نادر می‌گردد.

A genetic mutation in hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cells leads to this rare syndrome.

Highly specialized medical term 'خون‌ساز' (hematopoietic).

5

استعاره خون در شعر شاملو، نمادی از مقاومت و حیات سیاسی است.

The metaphor of blood in Shamlou's poetry is a symbol of resistance and political life.

Literary critique using 'استعاره خون' (metaphor of blood).

6

قانون قصاص و دیه، چارچوب حقوقی پیچیده‌ای برای جبران خون‌ریزی‌های عمدی و غیرعمدی فراهم می‌آورد.

The law of Qisas and Diya provides a complex legal framework for compensating intentional and unintentional bloodshed.

Advanced legal terminology regarding bloodshed.

7

او با تبحری بی‌نظیر، خون‌مردگی‌های زیرپوستی را در کالبدشکافی تشخیص داد.

With unparalleled expertise, he identified the subcutaneous ecchymoses (blood pooling) during the autopsy.

Forensic medical term 'خون‌مردگی' (ecchymosis/bruising).

8

در عرفان اسلامی، تصفیه خون از آلودگی‌های مادی، تمثیلی از تزکیه نفس است.

In Islamic mysticism, the purification of blood from material impurities is an allegory for the purification of the soul.

Philosophical/mystical use of blood purification as an allegory.

자주 쓰는 조합

آزمایش خون (blood test)
فشار خون (blood pressure)
گروه خونی (blood type)
انتقال خون (blood transfusion)
قند خون (blood sugar)
لخته خون (blood clot)
قطره خون (drop of blood)
سرطان خون (blood cancer)
اهدا خون (blood donation)
رگ خونی (blood vessel)

자주 쓰는 구문

خون آمدن (to bleed)
خون دادن (to donate blood)
خون گرفتن (to draw blood)
خونریزی کردن (to bleed heavily)
خون کسی را ریختن (to spill someone's blood)
تشنه به خون (bloodthirsty)
هم‌خون بودن (to be blood relatives)
خون به پا کردن (to cause a bloodbath)
خون کثیف (dirty blood/bad blood)
خون تازه (fresh blood/new energy)

자주 혼동되는 단어

خون vs خونه (khune - house/home, colloquial)

خون vs خوان (khan - table/tray, archaic/literary, spelled differently but sounds similar in some dialects)

خون vs خوک (khuk - pig, visually similar to beginners reading the script)

관용어 및 표현

"خون‌گرم (warm-hearted/friendly)"
"خون‌سرد (calm/cool-headed)"
"خون کسی به جوش آمدن (one's blood boiling/getting very angry)"
"خون دل خوردن (to suffer greatly/eat the blood of the heart)"
"خون جگر شدن (to be deeply grieved)"
"خون کسی را تو شیشه کردن (to put someone's blood in a bottle/to torment someone)"
"خون به جگر کردن (to cause someone deep sorrow)"
"خون خونش را می‌خورد (his blood is eating his blood/he is seething with hidden anger)"
"پایمال شدن خون (blood being trampled/dying in vain)"
"خون‌بها (blood money/price of blood)"

혼동하기 쉬운

خون vs

خون vs

خون vs

خون vs

خون vs

문장 패턴

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사용법

formality

The base word 'خون' is neutral and used in all registers. Compounds dictate the formality (e.g., 'خونریزی' is more formal than 'خون آمدن').

semantic shift

The metaphorical use of 'khun' for personality (khungarm/khunsard) is so dominant that native speakers rarely think of actual blood when using these terms.

regional variations

In some rural dialects, the vowel 'u' might shift slightly towards an 'o', but 'khun' is universally understood.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'خون کردن' (to do blood) instead of 'خون آمدن' (blood to come) to mean 'to bleed'.
  • Translating 'cold-blooded' directly to 'خون‌سرد' to insult someone, when it's actually a compliment meaning 'calm'.
  • Pronouncing 'khun' with a hard English 'K', which changes the meaning entirely to a vulgar word.
  • Confusing 'خون' (blood) with 'خونه' (colloquial home) in listening comprehension.
  • Using 'خون دادن' (to give blood) when you mean the doctor drew your blood. The doctor 'خون گرفت' (took blood).

팁

Verb Collocations

Always pair 'خون' with 'آمدن' (to come) for a passive bleed. Example: دستم خون آمد (My hand bled). Do not use 'کردن' (to do) with the simple noun 'خون'.

The Guttural Kh

Practice the 'خ' sound. If you say 'koon' instead of 'khun', it sounds like a completely different (and inappropriate) word in Persian. Clear your throat slightly to get the right sound.

Complimenting Personality

Use 'خون‌گرم' (khungarm) to compliment a host. Saying 'شما خیلی خون‌گرم هستید' (You are very warm-hearted) will make any Iranian smile.

Medical Basics

Memorize 'آزمایش خون' (blood test) and 'فشار خون' (blood pressure) early on. These are essential for any medical emergency or doctor visit.

Expressing Anger

If someone makes you really mad, say 'خونم به جوش آمد' (My blood boiled). It translates perfectly from English to Persian.

Khun vs Khune

Pay close attention to the end of the word in fast speech. 'Man miram khune' means I'm going home. 'Man khun dadam' means I gave blood.

Spelling Compounds

Compound words like 'خون‌سرد' are often written with a zero-width non-joiner (نیم‌فاصله) in formal typing, keeping the parts visually distinct but grammatically unified.

Poetic Metaphors

When reading Hafez or Rumi, remember that 'blood' often symbolizes the pain of love or tears of sorrow, not literal violence.

Adjective Suffix

Add 'ی' to make it an adjective: 'خونی' (khuni). Example: پیراهن خونی (bloody shirt).

Suffering for Success

Use 'خون دل خوردم' (I ate heart's blood) to dramatically express how hard you worked on a difficult project.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a raccoon (sounds like ra-KHUN) with a red bandage. KHUN means blood.

시각적 연상

Visualize a bright red drop of liquid with the Persian letters خ و ن floating inside it.

어원

Middle Persian

문화적 맥락

Classical poetry frequently uses blood to symbolize the pain of true love.

Being 'khungarm' is a core Iranian value.

The 'blood of martyrs' is a recurring theme in Shia Islam (e.g., Imam Hussein) and modern Iranian politics.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"گروه خونی شما چیست؟ (What is your blood type?)"

"آیا تا به حال خون اهدا کرده‌اید؟ (Have you ever donated blood?)"

"به نظر شما مردم کدام شهر خون‌گرم‌تر هستند؟ (In your opinion, people of which city are more warm-hearted?)"

"چگونه در مواقع سخت خون‌سردی خود را حفظ می‌کنید؟ (How do you maintain your calmness in difficult times?)"

"آخرین باری که آزمایش خون دادید کی بود؟ (When was the last time you took a blood test?)"

일기 주제

Write about a time you had to go to the hospital for a blood test.

Describe a friend who is very 'khungarm' (warm-hearted).

Write a short story about a situation that made your 'blood boil'.

Discuss the importance of blood donation in your community.

Analyze a Persian poem that uses the word 'khun'.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

The most natural way to say this is 'دارم خون میام' (daram khun miam) or more specifically mentioning the body part, like 'دستم داره خون میاد' (dastam dare khun miad - my hand is bleeding). Avoid translating 'bleeding' as a single active verb. You literally say 'blood is coming'.

No, 'khunsard' (cold-blooded) is generally a compliment in Persian. It means someone is calm, collected, and doesn't panic under pressure. If you want to insult someone as ruthless, use 'bi-rahm' (merciless).

'Khungarm' literally translates to warm-blooded, but it is used to describe a person who is very friendly, hospitable, and easy to talk to. It is a highly valued trait in Iranian culture.

The 'kh' (خ) is a guttural sound made in the back of the throat. It is similar to the 'ch' in the Scottish word 'loch' or the German name 'Bach'. It is not a hard 'K' sound.

'Khun' (خون) means blood. 'Khune' (خونه) is the colloquial pronunciation of 'khaneh' (خانه), which means house or home. They sound similar but have completely different meanings and spellings.

Blood test is 'آزمایش خون' (azmayesh-e khun). If you want to say 'I need a blood test', you say 'باید آزمایش خون بدهم' (bayad azmayesh-e khun bedaham).

Just like in English, 'خون به جوش آمدن' (khun be jush amadan - blood boiling) means to become extremely angry or furious.

The word 'خون' is used in both formal and informal contexts. In highly classical or religious texts, you might see the Arabic word 'دم' (dam), but you should always use 'khun' in modern Persian.

Blood type is 'گروه خونی' (goruh-e khuni). For example, 'گروه خونی من آ مثبت است' means 'My blood type is A positive'.

The idiom 'خون دل خوردن' (khun-e del khordan) means to endure great suffering, hardship, or sorrow to achieve something or because of someone. It is a very poetic and common expression of deep emotional pain.

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