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A2 preposition 10분 분량

پشت سر

posht-e sar
예시 노트와 팁 پشت سر 30초 만에
설명 پشت سر in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'posht-e sar' means 'behind'. Think of it as a way to describe where things are. For example, 'The cat is behind the door'. In Persian, we use 'posht-e sar-e' to link the word 'behind' to the object. It's like saying 'back of the head of the door'. It sounds funny in English, but it's very normal in Persian! You will mostly use this to talk about your body ('behind me') or simple objects in a room. Focus on the physical location first. Just remember to add the small 'e' sound at the end of 'sar' when you mention the object.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'posht-e sar' in more common daily activities. You can use it to give directions ('The store is behind the park') or to describe where you are standing in a line ('I am behind Ali'). You should also learn the shortened form for people: 'posht-e saram' (behind me), 'posht-e saret' (behind you). This is the level where you also learn the common phrase 'posht-e sar-e ham', which means 'one after another' or 'in a row'. For example, 'I ate three apples in a row'. This helps you describe sequences of events or actions.
By B1, you should move beyond physical space and start using 'posht-e sar' for social and temporal contexts. This is the level where you learn the idiom 'posht-e sar-e kasi harf zadan' (to talk behind someone's back). It’s a very important social phrase in Iran. You also start using the verb 'posht-e sar gozāshtan' to mean 'to leave behind' or 'to overcome'. For example, 'I left my childhood behind' or 'I left the city behind'. You should be comfortable using this phrase with more complex verbs and understanding it in news reports or stories where time is described as a path.
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At the B2 level, you will encounter 'posht-e sar' in more idiomatic and stylistic ways. You will understand its use in literature to represent the past or things forgotten. You'll notice how authors use it to create a sense of atmosphere—for example, a shadow 'creeping behind' someone. You should also be able to distinguish between 'posht-e sar' and its more formal synonyms like 'pas-e' or 'dar pay-e' in academic or journalistic writing. You'll understand the cultural weight of the phrase, such as in the tradition of pouring water behind a traveler, and be able to explain these concepts using the phrase itself.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'posht-e sar' should be nuanced and native-like. You will use it to describe abstract concepts, such as the 'logic behind a decision' (mantegh-e posht-e sar-e yek tasmim) or the 'history behind a building'. You will recognize its use in classical Persian poetry, where the 'back of the head' might symbolize the unseen world or the path already traveled by the soul. You can use the phrase to construct complex arguments about social behavior, gossip, and the dichotomy between public and private life in Iranian society. Your pronunciation and use of Ezafe will be perfect.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of all connotations of 'posht-e sar'. You can use it in high-level diplomatic or philosophical discourse to discuss what lies 'behind' geopolitical moves or metaphysical realities. You are familiar with rare idiomatic expressions and can play with the phrase in creative writing or puns. You understand the etymological roots of the phrase and how it compares to similar constructions in other Iranian languages or dialects. You can analyze the phrase's role in shaping the Persian worldview regarding space, time, and social integrity.
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예시 노트와 팁

پشت سر 30초 만에

  • Persian for 'behind'.
  • Used for physical space, past time, and gossip.
  • Literally means 'back of the head'.
  • Requires Ezafe (-e) when followed by a noun.

The Persian phrase پشت سر (pronounced /poʃte sæɾ/) is a fundamental prepositional phrase in the Persian language that literally translates to 'at the back of the head.' However, in practical usage, it functions as the primary way to express the concept of being 'behind' something or someone in physical space, time, or social contexts. Understanding this phrase is crucial for CEFR A2 learners because it moves beyond simple one-word prepositions into the realm of compound prepositions, which are a hallmark of Persian grammar. When you use this phrase, you are often describing the spatial relationship between two objects where one is obscured by the other or simply located at the rear. It is used in everyday scenarios ranging from giving directions ('The bank is behind the mosque') to describing social interactions ('They were talking behind my back').

Spatial Position
The most common use is physical. If you are standing in a queue and someone is behind you, they are posht-e sar-e shomā. It implies a direct line of sight being blocked or a posterior orientation.
Metaphorical/Social
In Persian culture, 'behind the head' also refers to things happening without one's knowledge. To speak 'behind the head' of someone is the standard way to say 'to gossip' or 'to backbite'.
Temporal Progression
When combined with the verb 'to leave' (gozāshtan), it means to overcome or move past a certain time or event in life, much like the English 'leaving the past behind'.

کتاب پشت سر تو روی میز است.

— The book is behind you on the table.

In Persian, the 'Ezafe' construction (the short 'e' sound) is vital here. You say posht-e sar-e... followed by the noun. For example, posht-e sar-e mānish (behind the monitor). Without the Ezafe, the phrase loses its grammatical glue. Historically, the use of body parts to describe spatial relations is common in Indo-European languages, but Persian specifically uses 'head' (sar) to anchor the 'back' (posht). This creates a vivid mental image of someone's physical presence even when referring to inanimate objects. Whether you are navigating the busy streets of Tehran or reading a Persian novel, you will encounter this phrase constantly as it anchors the speaker's perspective in the world.

او همیشه پشت سر دیگران غیبت می‌کند.

— He always gossips behind other people's backs.
Formal vs. Informal
In very formal Persian, you might simply use 'posht-e' (پشتِ) or 'dar pas-e' (در پسِ). However, 'posht-e sar' is the standard, versatile version used in 90% of conversations and modern writing.

To master this phrase, think of it as a three-dimensional pointer. It doesn't just mean 'back'; it means the area that is currently out of the subject's field of vision. This is why it is so effective in idioms involving secrets or things forgotten. In the context of driving, your 'rear-view mirror' is related to this concept, focusing on what is posht-e sar. As you progress from A2 to B1, you will start using this phrase with complex verbs to describe life achievements—leaving hurdles 'behind your head'.

ماشین پشت سر ما چراغ می‌زند.

— The car behind us is flashing its lights.

Using پشت سر effectively requires an understanding of Persian sentence structure, particularly the placement of prepositions and the use of the Ezafe. In a typical Persian sentence, the prepositional phrase usually comes before the verb, often immediately following the subject or the object it modifies. Because 'posht-e sar' is a compound preposition, it behaves like a noun phrase that has been grammaticalized into a spatial marker. Let's look at how this functions across different levels of complexity.

Direct Object Placement
When you want to say 'behind the house,' you say posht-e sar-e khāneh. Note that in casual speech, Iranians often shorten this to just posht-e khāneh, but posht-e sar is more emphatic and common when referring to people.
With Pronominal Suffixes
Instead of saying 'posht-e sar-e man,' you can say posht-e saram (behind my head/me). This is very common in spoken Persian. The suffix -am (my), -at (your), -ash (his/her) attaches directly to 'sar'.

من صدای پایی را پشت سرم شنیدم.

— I heard the sound of footsteps behind me.

When describing movement, 'posht-e sar' is often used with verbs like 'to run' (davidan) or 'to walk' (ghadam zadan). If you are following someone, you are 'moving behind their head'. This creates a sense of sequence. In more advanced usage, you might encounter the phrase in a passive sense: 'The sun disappeared behind the clouds' (khorshid posht-e sar-e abr-hā penhān shod). Here, it creates a sense of layering in space.

آن‌ها صندلی را پشت سر در گذاشتند.

— They put the chair behind the door.

Another important construction is using 'posht-e sar' as a way to describe sequences in time. If several events happen 'one after another', the Persian phrase is posht-e sar-e ham. This literally means 'behind the head of each other'. It is used for repetitive actions or consecutive days. For example: 'It rained for three days posht-e sar-e ham' (three days in a row).

سه روز پشت سر هم باران آمد.

— It rained for three days in a row.
Common Verb Pairings
  • Gozāshtan (To leave): To leave something behind.
  • Harf Zadan (To talk): To gossip.
  • Istādan (To stand): To stand behind someone.

Finally, consider the emotional weight of the phrase. To 'leave someone behind' (kasi rā posht-e sar gozāshtan) can imply abandonment or moving on to a better life. The phrase is highly evocative in Persian poetry and modern lyrics, symbolizing the distance between the lover and the beloved or the traveler and their home.

If you visit an Iranian city, پشت سر will be one of the most frequent phrases you hear in daily navigation. In the chaotic traffic of Tehran, a taxi driver might yell to another, posht-e saret-o negāh kon! (Look behind you!). It’s also the bread and butter of social commentary. In Iranian culture, which values social harmony and politeness (Ta'arof), the concept of what happens 'behind the head' is a major topic of discussion—often in the context of avoiding gossip or discussing the hidden motives of others.

In the Kitchen/Home
'Where is the salt?' 'It's behind the jar of pickles' (posht-e sar-e zarf-e khiārshur). It’s used constantly for locating household items.
In Schools
Teachers tell students: 'Don't look behind you during the exam!' (posht-e saret rā negāh nakon).

لطفاً پشت سر خط قرمز بایستید.

— Please stand behind the red line.

You will also hear this in the context of history and news. When a commentator says, 'We have a difficult year behind us' (yek sāl-e sakht rā posht-e sar gozāshtim), they are using the temporal metaphor. This is very common in New Year (Nowruz) speeches where leaders reflect on the past year. In the world of sports, a commentator might say a team has 'three wins behind them'—meaning they have achieved them consecutively.

In movies and TV dramas (which are huge in Iran), 'posht-e sar' is often the center of a plot twist. 'I was behind the door and heard everything' (man posht-e dar budam...). This phrase sets the stage for revelations and secrets. It’s also used in romantic songs: 'Don't look behind you as you walk away' (posht-e saret rā negāh nakon), a classic trope of heartbreak and moving on.

او بدون اینکه پشت سرش را نگاه کند، رفت.

— He left without looking behind him.
At the Airport/Security
Security guards often use this phrase to manage queues. 'Stay behind the person in front' (posht-e sar-e nafar-e jolo-yi be-istid).

While پشت سر seems straightforward, English speakers often make a few key errors when translating 'behind' into Persian. The most frequent mistake is omitting the word 'sar' (head) when it is actually needed for natural-sounding Persian, or conversely, using 'posht-e sar' when only 'posht-e' is required.

Overusing 'Sar'
If you are talking about something physically located behind a large object like a mountain, you usually just say posht-e kuh. Adding 'sar' (posht-e sar-e kuh) sounds a bit personified, as if the mountain has a head. Use 'posht-e sar' primarily for people or when emphasizing a sequence.
The Ezafe Slip-up
Forgetting the short 'e' sound (Ezafe) between 'posht' and 'sar' and the following noun is a major error. Without it, the words are just a list: 'Back. Head. Ali.' With it, they become a relationship: 'Behind Ali'.

اشتباه: من پشت سر تو ایستادم. (Correct, but watch the Ezafe pronunciation!)

— Common mistake: Pronouncing it 'Posht sar to' instead of 'Posht-e sar-e to'.

Another common confusion is between posht-e sar and donbāl-e (following). If you say 'I am behind you' using 'donbāl-e', it implies you are actively pursuing or following the person. If you use 'posht-e sar', it simply describes your relative position. Learners often mix these up when they want to say 'I'm coming after you'.

غلط: او عقب من راه می‌رود.

— Wrong: He walks 'rear' of me. (Should be: posht-e saram)

Lastly, learners often forget that 'posht-e sar' can be used for time. They might try to use 'ba'ad az' (after) for everything. While 'after' is correct for 'after lunch', if you want to say 'the difficulties are behind us', you MUST use 'posht-e sar' to sound like a native speaker. Using 'ba'ad' in that context would sound very clunky.

Persian has several ways to express 'behind' or 'after,' and choosing the right one depends on the register (formal vs. informal) and the specific context (spatial, temporal, or metaphorical). While پشت سر is the most versatile, knowing its synonyms will greatly enhance your fluency and comprehension.

پشت (Posht-e)
The simplified version. Use this for inanimate objects. 'Behind the wall' = posht-e divār. It's less 'personal' than 'posht-e sar'.
عقب (Aqab-e)
Focuses on the 'rear' or 'back part'. Use this when talking about positions in a car or a room. 'The back seat' = sandali-ye aqab.
پسِ (Pas-e)
A more literary or formal term. You'll find this in poetry or formal speeches. 'Behind the curtain' = pas-e pardeh (often used metaphorically for hidden agendas).

او در پی یافتن حقیقت است.

— He is 'behind' (in pursuit of) finding the truth.

When comparing posht-e sar to donbāl-e, remember that donbāl-e implies seeking. If you are 'looking for' your keys, you are donbāl-e kelid. But if the keys are physically 'behind' the TV, they are posht-e sar-e televizion. Another interesting alternative is mā-varā-ye (beyond), which is used for things that are not just behind but completely out of sight or transcendental.

In the context of gossip, instead of 'posht-e sar-e kasi harf zadan', you might hear 'ghaybat kardan' (to gossip). While 'ghaybat' is the specific verb for the act, 'posht-e sar' describes the way it is done—secretly, when the person isn't there to defend themselves. This nuance is vital for B1 and B2 learners who want to describe social dynamics accurately.

재미있는 사실

Persian uses body parts for almost all spatial prepositions: 'ru-ye' (on the face/surface), 'zir-e' (under/below), and 'posht-e sar' (behind the head).

발음 가이드

UK /pɒʃte sær/
US /poʊʃte sær/
The stress is typically on the second syllable of the compound phrase: 'sar'.
라임이 맞는 단어
در (Dar) پر (Par) تر (Tar) کر (Kar) زر (Zar) خر (Khar) سر (Sar) بر (Bar)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'posht' as 'pusht' (like English push). It should be an 'o' sound.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe (-e) between posht and sar.
  • Over-rolling the 'r' at the end of sar.
  • Pronouncing 'sar' like 'saw'. It's a short 'a' like in 'cat'.
  • Treating it as one word without the internal grammatical connection.
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수준별 예문

1

گربه پشت سر مبل است.

The cat is behind the sofa.

Simple Ezafe use: posht-e sar-e mobl.

2

من پشت سر تو هستم.

I am behind you.

Pronoun 'to' follows the preposition.

3

توپ پشت سر درخت افتاد.

The ball fell behind the tree.

Past tense verb 'oftād' at the end.

4

او پشت سر من راه می‌رود.

He walks behind me.

Present continuous sense.

5

کمد پشت سر میز است.

The cupboard is behind the table.

Spatial relationship.

6

ماشین پشت سر خانه پارک شد.

The car was parked behind the house.

Passive construction.

7

بچه پشت سر مادرش قایم شد.

The child hid behind his mother.

Reflexive/Possessive suffix -ash.

8

لیوان پشت سر پارچ است.

The glass is behind the pitcher.

Prepositional placement.

1

ما سه ساعت پشت سر هم کار کردیم.

We worked for three hours in a row.

Idiom: posht-e sar-e ham (consecutively).

2

پشت سرت را نگاه کن!

Look behind you!

Imperative verb 'negāh kon'.

3

بانک درست پشت سر ایستگاه اتوبوس است.

The bank is exactly behind the bus station.

Adverb 'dorost' (exactly) emphasizes position.

4

آن‌ها پشت سر ما در صف بودند.

They were behind us in the queue.

Plural pronoun 'mā'.

5

کلیدها پشت سر تلویزیون افتاده بود.

The keys had fallen behind the TV.

Past perfect 'oftāde bud'.

6

دو روز پشت سر هم باران بارید.

It rained for two days in a row.

Temporal sequence.

7

دوستم پشت سر من نشست.

My friend sat behind me.

Simple past 'neshast'.

8

لطفاً پشت سر خط زرد بمانید.

Please stay behind the yellow line.

Formal imperative 'bemānid'.

1

هیچ‌وقت پشت سر دوستانت حرف نزن.

Never talk behind your friends' backs.

Negative imperative.

2

او تمام سختی‌ها را پشت سر گذاشت.

He left all the hardships behind.

Compound verb 'posht-e sar gozāshtan'.

3

ما باید گذشته را پشت سر بگذاریم.

We must leave the past behind.

Modal 'bāyad' (must).

4

چرا پشت سر من غیبت می‌کنی؟

Why are you gossiping behind my back?

Question form with 'ghaybat kardan'.

5

او بدون اینکه پشت سرش را ببیند، می‌دوید.

He was running without looking behind him.

Subjunctive 'bebinad' after 'bedun-e inke'.

6

آن‌ها پشت سر هم به اتاق وارد شدند.

They entered the room one after another.

Sequential motion.

7

کوه بزرگی پشت سر روستای ما قرار دارد.

A large mountain is located behind our village.

Formal verb 'gharār dārad'.

8

او همیشه پشت سر رئیسش بد می‌گوید.

He always speaks ill behind his boss's back.

Adverb 'hamishe'.

1

او با موفقیت امتحانات دشوار را پشت سر گذاشت.

He successfully left the difficult exams behind (passed them).

Metaphorical use for overcoming challenges.

2

رازهای زیادی پشت سر این دیوارها پنهان است.

Many secrets are hidden behind these walls.

Plural 'rāz-hā' (secrets).

3

او سه هفته پشت سر هم در سفر بود.

He was traveling for three weeks in a row.

Extended temporal use.

4

پشت سر هر مرد موفقی، یک زن فداکار است.

Behind every successful man, there is a devoted woman.

Proverbial usage.

5

او احساس می‌کرد کسی پشت سرش در حال حرکت است.

He felt that someone was moving behind him.

Complex sentence with 'ehsās kardan'.

6

ما باید این مرحله از زندگی را پشت سر بگذاریم تا رشد کنیم.

We must move past this stage of life to grow.

Purpose clause with 'tā'.

7

او پشت سر هم سیگار می‌کشید.

He was chain-smoking (smoking one after another).

Idiomatic frequency.

8

سایه‌ای سیاه پشت سر او خزید.

A dark shadow crept behind him.

Literary verb 'khazidan' (to creep).

1

تحولات سیاسی اخیر، بحران‌های بزرگی را پشت سر گذاشته است.

Recent political developments have moved past major crises.

Abstract political context.

2

او با بی‌اعتنایی کامل، شایعاتی که پشت سرش بود را نادیده گرفت.

With complete indifference, he ignored the rumors that were behind him (about him).

Relative clause 'ke posht-e saresh bud'.

3

فلسفه‌ی عمیقی پشت سر این اشعار نهفته است.

A deep philosophy is hidden behind these poems.

Formal verb 'nahofte ast' (is hidden).

4

او پنج سال پشت سر هم به عنوان بهترین کارمند انتخاب شد.

He was chosen as the best employee for five consecutive years.

Passive 'entekhāb shod'.

5

رد پای تاریخ را می‌توان پشت سر این خرابه‌ها دید.

The footprints of history can be seen behind these ruins.

Poetic/Metaphorical imagery.

6

او با قدرت تمام، رقبایش را پشت سر گذاشت.

With full power, he left his rivals behind (surpassed them).

Competitive context.

7

پشت سر این لبخند، غمی بزرگ پنهان شده بود.

Behind this smile, a great sadness was hidden.

Emotional depth.

8

او بدون توجه به حرف‌هایی که پشت سرش می‌زدند، به راهش ادامه داد.

He continued his path regardless of the things they said behind his back.

Complex noun phrase.

1

در پسِ هر پدیده‌ای، علتی غایی پشت سر آن نهفته است.

Behind every phenomenon, there lies an ultimate cause behind it.

Philosophical register.

2

او توانست با درایتی کم‌نظیر، تلاطم‌های دوران را پشت سر بگذارد.

With rare wisdom, he managed to leave the turmoils of the era behind.

High-level vocabulary (derāyat, talātom).

3

آنچه پشت سر می‌گذاریم، تنها سایه‌ای از حقیقت است.

What we leave behind is but a shadow of the truth.

Existential tone.

4

او رکورد جهانی را برای ده سال پشت سر هم در اختیار داشت.

He held the world record for ten consecutive years.

Formal sports reporting.

5

پیچیدگی‌های دیپلماتیکی که پشت سر این توافق وجود دارد، بر همگان آشکار نیست.

The diplomatic complexities behind this agreement are not obvious to everyone.

Political analysis.

6

او با پشت سر گذاشتن منیت خود، به کمال رسید.

By leaving his ego behind, he reached perfection.

Mystical/Sufi context (maniyat).

7

جریانی از حوادث ناگوار پشت سر هم رخ داد تا او را به زانو درآورد.

A stream of unfortunate events occurred in succession to bring him to his knees.

Literary/Dramatic register.

8

او همواره در پی آن بود که مرزهای دانش را پشت سر بگذارد.

He was always seeking to leave the boundaries of knowledge behind (transcend them).

Intellectual ambition.

자주 쓰는 조합

پشت سر هم
پشت سر گذاشتن
پشت سر نگاه کردن
حرف پشت سر کسی
ایستادن پشت سر
آب ریختن پشت سر
پنهان شدن پشت سر
نشستن پشت سر
جا ماندن پشت سر
داستان پشت سر

자주 쓰는 구문

پشت سرت!

— Look out! / Behind you!

پشت سرت! مواظب باش!

پشت سر هم آمدن

— To come in quick succession.

مهمان‌ها پشت سر هم آمدند.

پشت سر انداختن

— To procrastinate or put something behind.

کارها را پشت سر نینداز.

پشت سر داشتن

— To have something in one's past.

او تجربه‌ی زیادی پشت سر دارد.

پشت سر کسی بودن

— To support someone (metaphorical) or be behind them (physical).

من همیشه پشت سر تو هستم.

پشت سر هم چیدن

— To line things up.

کتاب‌ها را پشت سر هم چید.

پشت سر کسی راه افتادن

— To start following someone.

او پشت سر من راه افتاد.

پشت سر کسی نماز خواندن

— To follow someone in prayer (religious context).

او پشت سر امام جماعت نماز خواند.

پشت سر گذاشتن بحران

— To overcome a crisis.

کشور بحران را پشت سر گذاشت.

پشت سر کسی دویدن

— To run after someone.

بچه پشت سر گربه دوید.

관용어 및 표현

"پشت سر کسی حرف زدن"

— To gossip or backbite about someone in their absence.

در این اداره همه پشت سر هم حرف می‌زنند.

Informal/Neutral
"پل‌های پشت سر را خراب کردن"

— To burn one's bridges; to make it impossible to return.

او با استعفایش پل‌های پشت سرش را خراب کرد.

Formal/Neutral
"آب پشت سر کسی ریختن"

— A Persian tradition of pouring water behind a traveler to ensure their return.

مادرم پشت سرم آب ریخت.

Cultural
"پشت سر گذاشتن"

— To surpass someone in a competition or to leave a period of time behind.

او تمام رقبایش را پشت سر گذاشت.

Neutral
"پشت سر هم قطار شدن"

— To line up like a train (one after another).

ماشین‌ها پشت سر هم قطار شده بودند.

Informal
"پشت سر انداختن کوه"

— To cross a mountain (metaphor for a huge task).

ما کوهی از مشکلات را پشت سر انداختیم.

Literary
"پشت سر کسی صفحه گذاشتن"

— To gossip (similar to talking behind back).

پشت سر من صفحه نگذار!

Informal/Slang
"پشت سر کسی باد آمدن"

— To have luck following someone (rare).

انگار پشت سرش باد می‌آید.

Idiomatic
"پشت سر کسی ایستادن"

— To support someone firmly.

او در تمام مشکلات پشت سر برادرش ایستاد.

Neutral
"پشت سر گذاشتنِ هفت‌خوان"

— To pass through many difficult stages (referencing Rostam's 7 Labors).

برای گرفتن وام، هفت‌خوان را پشت سر گذاشتیم.

Cultural/Literary

어휘 가족

명사

پشت (Back)
سر (Head)
پشت‌سری (The one behind)

동사

پشت سر گذاشتن (To leave behind/surpass)

형용사

پشت‌سرهم (Consecutive)

관련

عقب (Rear)
دنبال (Follow)
پیرو (Follower)
پس (Back/After)
پی (Track/Following)
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기억법

Imagine you have an eye on the **back** (posht) of your **head** (sar). That eye sees everything that is **behind** you.

시각적 연상

Picture a person in a queue. Their 'sar' (head) is facing forward, so everything at their 'posht' (back) is 'posht-e sar'.

Word Web

Space Time Gossip Sequence Past Direction Head Back

챌린지

Try to describe five things currently located 'posht-e sar-e' you in your room right now.

어원

Derived from Middle Persian 'pusht' (back) and 'sar' (head). The combination is a grammaticalized spatial marker common in Iranian languages.

원래 의미: The area located at the back of the head.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Persian.

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using 'posht-e sar-e kasi harf zadan' as it is a strong accusation of being untrustworthy.

English speakers use 'behind my back' specifically for gossip, just like Persian. However, English rarely says 'behind the head of the house'—it just says 'behind the house'.

The song 'Posht-e Sar' by various Persian pop artists. Classical poems by Hafez mentioning the 'path behind'. Iranian films often title scenes 'Posht-e Sar' to denote past events.
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