A2 · 초중급 챕터 6

Talking About the Future

6 총 규칙
61 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your French future by mastering the tools to describe your dreams, plans, and upcoming adventures.

  • Conjugate regular verbs in the Futur Simple using the infinitive as a base.
  • Identify and memorize high-frequency irregular future stems like 'ser-' and 'aur-'.
  • Distinguish between the Near Future (Futur Proche) and Simple Future for natural conversation.
Your French journey doesn't stop today; plan for tomorrow!

배울 내용

Ever dreamed of telling someone in French about your big plans, your future adventures, or even just what you're doing this weekend? Well, get ready, because this chapter is all about unlocking your future! You’ve already tackled the basics, and now it’s time to level up your French to confidently express yourself about tomorrow, next year, or someday. We’re diving deep into the *Futur Simple* (Simple Future), your essential tool for saying what *will* happen. You’ll master how to attach those clever ‘avoir’-based endings to regular verbs, making future-telling a breeze. But wait, there’s a fun twist! A handful of super common verbs like *être*, *avoir*, *aller*, and *faire* (plus *venir*, *voir*, *pouvoir*) have their own unique “r” stems – think *ser-*, *aur-*, *ir-*, *fer-*, *viendr-*, *pourr-*, and *verr-*. Don't sweat it – we'll learn them together, and you’ll see how indispensable they are! Most importantly, you'll learn the crucial difference between *Futur Simple* and *Futur Proche* (Near Future). You’ll know precisely when to say “I’m going to do something soon” versus “I will do something someday.” Imagine confidently discussing your next vacation to the French Riviera, sharing your career ambitions, or simply telling a friend what you’ll eat tonight. With these skills, you won't just *say* you're doing something; you’ll express your future plans with authentic French flair, sounding more natural and totally ready for those deeper conversations. Let's make your French future-proof!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: explain the concept of the Futur Simple and when it is used for formal or distant plans.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: conjugate regular -er, -ir, and -re verbs in the simple future with 100% accuracy.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: recognize that some verbs change their stems while keeping the same future endings.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: use the four most common irregular stems (être, avoir, aller, faire) in a spoken sentence.
  5. 5
    By the end you will be able to: differentiate between venir, voir, and pouvoir in future contexts.
  6. 6
    By the end you will be able to: choose correctly between Futur Proche and Futur Simple based on the timeline of the action.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to your next big step in A2 French grammar! If you've ever wanted to discuss your plans, dreams, or simply what you're having for dinner next week, this chapter is your key. Mastering how to talk about the future is fundamental for any French language learner, allowing you to move beyond describing the present and past into the exciting realm of possibilities.
This guide will equip you with the essential tools to confidently express future actions and events, making your conversations more dynamic and authentic. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only understand the mechanics of the French future tense but also know exactly when to use each form, significantly boosting your ability to communicate effectively in real-world scenarios.
We're focusing on two crucial forms: the Futur Simple (Simple Future) and the Futur Proche (Near Future). The Futur Simple is your go-to for general future events, promises, or predictions – essentially, what *will* happen. The Futur Proche, on the other hand, is perfect for actions that are *going to* happen very soon, often in the immediate future.
Understanding the nuances between these two will elevate your French grammar skills and help you sound more like a native speaker. Get ready to unlock new levels of expression and make your French future-proof!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces you to the exciting world of expressing the future in French, covering the Futur Simple and the Futur Proche. Let's start with the Futur Simple, your essential tool for saying what *will* happen. For most regular verbs, forming the Futur Simple is wonderfully straightforward: you take the infinitive form of the verb and add specific endings derived from the present tense of avoir.
For -er and -ir verbs, you use the full infinitive. For -re verbs, you drop the final 'e' before adding the endings. The endings are: -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont.
For example, *parler* (to speak) becomes *je parlerai* (I will speak), *tu parleras* (you will speak), *il parlera* (he will speak), *nous parlerons* (we will speak), *vous parlerez* (you will speak), *ils parleront* (they will speak). Similarly, *finir* (to finish) becomes *je finirai* (I will finish), and *vendre* (to sell) becomes *je vendrai* (I will sell).
However, some super common verbs are irregular stem rebels in the Futur Simple. These verbs don't use their infinitive as the base; instead, they have unique stems ending in 'r' to which you attach the same future endings. These French irregular future stems are vital for A2 French learners to master.
Key examples include:
* être (to be) → ser- (e.g., *je serai* – I will be)
* avoir (to have) → aur- (e.g., *tu auras* – you will have)
* aller (to go) → ir- (e.g., *il ira* – he will go)
* faire (to do/make) → fer- (e.g., *nous ferons* – we will do)
* venir (to come) → viendr- (e.g., *vous viendrez* – you will come)
* voir (to see) → verr- (e.g., *elles verront* – they will see)
* pouvoir (to be able to) → pourr- (e.g., *je pourrai* – I will be able to)
Beyond the Futur Simple, you'll also learn the crucial Futur Proche (Near Future), which is used for actions happening very soon. This is formed with the present tense of aller (to go) + the infinitive of the main verb. For instance, *Je vais manger* (I am going to eat) or *Nous allons voyager* (We are going to travel).
The key distinction between the Futur Simple and Futur Proche lies in immediacy: Futur Proche is for soon, while Futur Simple is for someday.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Je ferai une pizza ce soir.
    (I will make a pizza tonight.)
✓ Correct:
Je vais faire une pizza ce soir.
(I am going to make a pizza tonight.)
*Explanation:* For immediate plans or actions happening very soon (like tonight), the Futur Proche (*aller* + infinitive) is more natural and commonly used in spoken French than the Futur Simple.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: "Tu alleras à Paris l'année prochaine." (You will go to Paris next year.)
✓ Correct: "Tu iras à Paris l'année prochaine." (You will go to Paris next year.)
*Explanation:* The verb aller (to go) has an irregular stem ir- in the Futur Simple. Many learners mistakenly try to use the infinitive *aller* or a regular conjugation.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Nous allons être fatigués après le voyage.
    (We are going to be tired after the trip.)
✓ Correct:
Nous serons fatigués après le voyage.
(We will be tired after the trip.)
*Explanation:* While Futur Proche is good for imminent actions, for states or predictions further in the future (like after the trip), especially with verbs like être (to be), the Futur Simple is often more appropriate and sophisticated.

Real Conversations

A

A

Qu'est-ce que tu vas faire ce week-end ? (What are you going to do this weekend?)
B

B

Je vais voir un film et je ferai du sport. (I'm going to see a movie and I will play sports.)
A

A

Tu pourras venir à ma fête ? (Will you be able to come to my party?)
B

B

Oui, j'aurai le temps. Je serai là ! (Yes, I will have time. I will be there!)
A

A

Quand est-ce que nous voyagerons en France ? (When will we travel to France?)
B

B

L'année prochaine, nous irons à Paris et nous visiterons le Louvre. (Next year, we will go to Paris and we will visit the Louvre.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between Futur Simple and Futur Proche in French?

The Futur Proche (formed with *aller* + infinitive) is used for actions that are going to happen very soon, often in the immediate future. The Futur Simple (infinitive + endings or irregular stem + endings) is used for general future events, predictions, or more distant plans.

Q

How do I remember the irregular stems for the Futur Simple?

Focus on common verbs like être (ser-), avoir (aur-), aller (ir-), faire (fer-), and venir (viendr-). Practice using them in sentences and create flashcards; consistent exposure is key to mastering these French irregular future stems.

Q

Can I always use the Futur Proche instead of the Futur Simple in spoken French?

While Futur Proche is very common in informal spoken French, especially for near-future events, relying on it exclusively will make your French sound less natural and less precise. The Futur Simple is crucial for expressing more distant plans, predictions, and formal contexts, making it an essential part of A2 French grammar.

Cultural Context

In everyday spoken French, especially in informal settings, the Futur Proche is incredibly prevalent. Native speakers often opt for *Je vais manger* (I'm going to eat) even when *Je mangerai* (I will eat) would be grammatically correct for a slightly more distant future. However, this doesn't mean the Futur Simple is obsolete; it's frequently used in formal contexts, literature, news, and for expressing promises, predictions, or more definitive, long-term plans.
Mastering both gives you flexibility and allows you to sound natural in any situation, from a casual chat to a formal presentation.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Demain, je mangerai le petit-déjeuner au lit.

내일은 침대에서 아침을 먹을 거야.

프랑스어 미래 시제: 계획 세우기 (Futur Simple)
2

Tu finiras tes devoirs ce soir ?

오늘 밤에 숙제 다 끝낼 거니?

프랑스어 미래 시제: 계획 세우기 (Futur Simple)
3

Je mangerai une pizza ce soir.

오늘 저녁에 피자를 먹을 거예요.

프랑스어 단순 미래: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (Futur Simple)
4

Tu iras au concert avec nous ?

우리랑 같이 콘서트 갈래?

프랑스어 단순 미래: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (Futur Simple)
5

Demain, j'irai à la plage avec mes amis.

내일 친구들이랑 바다에 갈 거예요.

프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)
6

Tu seras en retard pour ton entretien Zoom !

너 줌 면접에 늦을 거야!

프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)
7

J'irai au Japon l'année prochaine.

내년에 일본에 갈 거예요.

프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)
8

Tu seras une star sur TikTok !

너는 틱톡 스타가 될 거야!

프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

Avoir 동사 지름길

미래형 꼬리는 'avoir' 동사의 현재형과 거의 똑같아요! "J'ai«의 »-ai«, »Tu as«의 »-as«를 떠올리면 훨씬 외우기 쉬워요. 예를 들어 »Je parlerai"처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 미래 시제: 계획 세우기 (Futur Simple)
🎯

'Avoir' 동사 활용하기

미래 시제 어미(-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont)는 'avoir' 동사의 현재형과 거의 똑같아요! "J'ai, tu as..."를 떠올려 보세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 단순 미래: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (Futur Simple)
🎯

'R'의 법칙

모든 단순 미래 어간은 무조건 'r'로 끝나요. Je ferai처럼 'r' 소리가 들리지 않는다면 그건 미래 시제가 아니랍니다!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)
🎯

일석이조 공부법

이 불규칙 어간들은 조건법(Conditional)에서도 똑같이 쓰여요! 하나만 외우면 두 가지 시제를 정복하는 셈이죠. 예를 들어 Je serais처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)

핵심 어휘 (6)

demain tomorrow bientôt soon l'année prochaine next year plus tard later un jour one day le futur the future

Real-World Preview

palmtree

Planning a Vacation to Nice

Review Summary

  • Infinitive + [ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont]
  • Stem + Ending

자주 하는 실수

Don't mix Futur Proche (aller + infinitive) with Futur Simple. Use one or the other, not both at once.

Wrong: Je vais serai heureux.
정답: Je serai heureux.

Remember that even in the future, contractions like 'à + le = au' still apply.

Wrong: J'irai à le magasin.
정답: J'irai au magasin.

Some verbs are 'rebels' and don't use their infinitive as a stem. 'Voir' becomes 'verr-'.

Wrong: Je voirai le film.
정답: Je verrai le film.

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

1

프랑스어 미래 시제: 계획 세우기 (Futur Simple)

A2
동사 원형 뒤에 -ai, -as, «-a» 같은 'avoir' 동사를 닮은 꼬리를 붙여서 확실한 미래를 약속해 보세요!
Demain, je mangerai le petit-déjeuner au lit.
10 예문
2

프랑스어 단순 미래: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (Futur Simple)

A2
단순 미래는 여러분의 현재와 미래의 꿈을 «하나의 단어»로 이어주는 멋진 도구예요. -ai, -as, «-a» 같은 어미만 기억하면 끝!
Je mangerai une pizza ce soir.
10 예문
3

프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)

A2
불규칙 동사들은 ir-, ser-, aur- 처럼 자신만의 특별한 'r' 변신형을 가지고 있어요. 이 특별한 어간들만 기억하면 미래 표현은 식은 죽 먹기예요!
Demain, j'irai à la plage avec mes amis.
11 예문
4

프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)

A2
프랑스어의 핵심인 ser-, aur-, ir-, fer- 이 네 가지 어간만 외우면 미래 계획 말하기는 식은 죽 먹기예요!
J'irai au Japon l'année prochaine.
10 예문
5

불규칙 미래 어간: 오다, 보다, 할 수 있다 (venir, voir, pouvoir)

A2
미래의 계획이나 능력을 말할 때는 viendr-, pourr-, verr- 이 세 가지 마법의 어간만 기억하면 돼요!
Je viendrai à ta fête demain soir !
10 예문
6

프랑스어의 두 가지 미래: 곧 vs. 언젠가 (Futur Proche vs. Futur Simple)

A2
곧 일어날 확실한 일은 Futur Proche를, 먼 미래나 공식적인 계획은 Futur Simple을 쓰면 돼요!
Je vais regarder la nouvelle série sur Netflix ce...
10 예문

Next Steps

You've just added a whole new dimension to your French! Your ability to dream and plan in a new language is a massive milestone. Keep looking forward!

Write 5 predictions for the year 2050.

Listen to the French song 'J'attendrai' and spot future forms.

Continue to: Everyday Expressions and Opinions

빠른 연습 (10)

'partir'를 사용하여 근접 미래 문장을 완성하세요.

Nous ___ en vacances demain matin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: allons partir
근접 미래는 'aller'의 변화형(nous allons)과 동사원형(partir)을 결합합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어의 두 가지 미래: 곧 vs. 언젠가 (Futur Proche vs. Futur Simple)

다음 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Nous venirons à ta fête samedi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous viendrons à ta fête samedi.
'venir' 동사는 미래에서 'viendr-'로 변해요. 'venirons'가 아니라 'd'를 넣어야 정확해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)

먼 미래의 꿈을 나타내는 문장을 고르세요.

장기적인 예측에 가장 적절한 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je deviendrai riche un jour.
먼 미래나 막연한 꿈에는 단순 미래(deviendrai)를 쓰는 것이 더 자연스럽습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어의 두 가지 미래: 곧 vs. 언젠가 (Futur Proche vs. Futur Simple)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 골라보세요.

다음 중 맞는 미래 시제 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu seras très content.
'être'의 어간은 'ser-'이고, 'tu'에 붙는 미래 어미는 '-as'예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)

틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Il faire-a beau ce week-end.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il fera beau ce week-end.
'faire'의 미래 어간은 'fer-'예요. 동사원형 'faire'를 그대로 쓰면 안 돼요!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)

'aller'의 알맞은 미래 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Demain, je/j' ___ au cinéma.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: irai
'aller'의 미래 어간은 'ir-'이에요. 'je'의 어미 '-ai'와 합쳐져 'irai'가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 미래 어간 (être, avoir, aller, faire)

단순 미래 형태의 오류를 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Demain, il mangera avec nous.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Demain, il mangera avec nous.
원래 문장이 맞습니다! 단순 미래에서 'il'의 어미는 '-as'가 아니라 '-a'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어의 두 가지 미래: 곧 vs. 언젠가 (Futur Proche vs. Futur Simple)

'aller'의 알맞은 미래 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Demain, je ___ au cinéma.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: irai
'aller'의 불규칙 어간은 'ir-'이에요. 'je'의 어미 '-ai'와 합쳐져 "j'irai"가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)

'그들은 가지게 될 것이다'를 올바르게 표현한 것은?

Choose the correct way to say 'They will have':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ils auront
'avoir'는 불규칙 어간 'aur-'를 가져요. 'ils'의 어미 '-ont'을 붙여 ils auront이 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 미래 시제: 불규칙 어간의 반란 (Futur Simple)

단순 미래 활용형에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Tu finira tes devoirs plus tard.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu finiras tes devoirs plus tard.
단순 미래에서 'tu'의 꼬리는 항상 '-as'입니다. 'finir'에 붙여서 'finiras'가 돼요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 미래 시제: 계획 세우기 (Futur Simple)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

'Je vais manger'는 곧 일어날 일에, 'Je mangerai'는 좀 더 먼 미래나 공식적인 계획에 써요. Je mangerai demain처럼요.
가능은 하지만 너무 격식 있게 들릴 수 있어요. 일상 대화에선 Je vais manger가 더 자연스러워요.
'Je mangerai'는 단순 미래(할 것이다)이고, 'Je mangerais'는 조건법(할 텐데)이에요. 's' 하나로 확실한 계획이 소망으로 바뀌죠!
Je mangerai une pomme.
네, 확정된 계획이라면 가능해요. 예를 들어 "Je t'appellerai ce soir"(오늘 밤 전화할게)는 약속의 의미가 강해요.
'Big 4'인 être (ser-), avoir (aur-), aller (ir-), faire (fer-)부터 시작하세요. "J'irai"처럼 거의 모든 대화에 등장하거든요.
두 단어를 쓰는 근접 미래와 달리, 어간과 어미가 합쳐진 '한 단어'로 표현하기 때문이에요. 영어의 'will go'와는 다르죠.
이전 챕터
Direct and Indirect Objects
다음 챕터
Everyday Expressions and Opinions
로드맵으로 돌아가기