ouvrière 30초 만에
- Ouvrière: Female manual laborer.
- Specifically for women in factory/farm work.
- Often historical or social context.
- Feminine form of 'ouvrier'.
- Core Meaning
- The word 'ouvrière' specifically refers to a woman who performs manual labor, often in a factory or on a farm. It highlights her role as a worker engaged in physical tasks.
- Historical Context
- Historically, 'ouvrière' was a common term used to describe the female workforce in industries that required significant physical effort. It often carried connotations of dedication, resilience, and contribution to the economy.
- Modern Usage
- While the term is still understood, its usage has evolved. In contemporary French, it might be used to acknowledge the historical significance of female manual laborers or in specific contexts where the gendered aspect of manual work is being discussed. However, more general terms for workers are often preferred to avoid potential gender stereotyping.
- Nuances
- It's important to note that 'ouvrière' is the feminine form of 'ouvrier' (male worker). While 'ouvrier' can sometimes be used in a more general sense for any worker, 'ouvrière' is specifically female. The word can also sometimes be used metaphorically to describe a very hardworking or industrious woman, but this is less common.
- Related Concepts
- The word is closely linked to concepts of industrialization, labor movements, and the history of women in the workforce. It evokes images of factories, textile mills, agricultural labor, and the daily lives of women who contributed significantly to these sectors.
In the 19th century, many women worked as an ouvrière in the textile factories of Lyon.
She was proud of her work as an ouvrière in the fields.
The historical novel depicted the life of an ouvrière during the industrial revolution.
Many women found employment as an ouvrière in the burgeoning factories.
The documentary focused on the experiences of the ouvrière class in post-war France.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- 'Ouvrière' functions as a noun and is always feminine. It typically follows articles (like 'une' or 'l'' if referring to a specific one) or possessive adjectives. It can be the subject or object of a sentence. For instance, 'Une ouvrière travaillait dur.' (A female worker worked hard.) or 'J'ai rencontré une ouvrière.' (I met a female worker.)
- Describing Roles and Conditions
- You can use 'ouvrière' to describe the specific type of work or the conditions. For example, 'Elle était une ouvrière spécialisée dans la couture.' (She was a female worker specialized in sewing.) or 'Les conditions de travail de l'ouvrière étaient difficiles.' (The working conditions of the female worker were difficult.)
- Historical and Social Narratives
- When discussing history, social studies, or literature that depicts the past, 'ouvrière' is essential. 'Le roman raconte l'histoire d'une jeune ouvrière dans une usine de textile.' (The novel tells the story of a young female worker in a textile factory.) or 'Les syndicats défendaient les droits des ouvrières.' (The unions defended the rights of female workers.)
- Figurative or Metaphorical Use (Less Common)
- While less frequent and potentially outdated, 'ouvrière' could sometimes be used metaphorically to describe a woman who is extremely diligent and hardworking in any context, drawing a parallel to the perceived industriousness of manual laborers. 'Elle est une vraie ouvrière dans son jardin.' (She is a real worker in her garden.) This usage should be approached with caution.
- Comparison with 'Ouvrier'
- Remember that 'ouvrier' is the masculine form. If you are referring to a male manual laborer, you would use 'ouvrier'. If you are referring to a group of male and female manual laborers, you would typically use the masculine plural 'ouvriers' in traditional French grammar, though modern usage may advocate for more inclusive phrasing like 'ouvriers et ouvrières'.
The documentary highlighted the struggles and triumphs of the ouvrière during the early industrial era.
She proudly identified herself as an ouvrière in the local factory.
The historical archives contained letters from an ouvrière detailing her daily life.
Her grandmother was a skilled ouvrière in the garment industry.
The novel depicted the solidarity among the ouvrière class.
- Historical Documentaries and Films
- This is perhaps the most common place you'll encounter 'ouvrière' today. Documentaries, historical dramas, and period films set during the industrial revolution, World Wars, or other periods of significant manual labor will frequently use this term to describe the female workforce. You might hear narrators or characters discussing the lives and struggles of women in factories, mines, or fields.
- Academic and Social History Discussions
- In university lectures, academic papers, and books on social history, labor history, or women's studies, 'ouvrière' is used precisely to refer to female manual laborers. It's a term used for analytical and descriptive purposes within these fields.
- Literature and Novels
- Classic and contemporary novels that explore the lives of working-class people, especially those set in historical periods, will often feature characters described as 'ouvrières'. This adds authenticity and specificity to the portrayal of the characters and their societal roles.
- Discussions about Labor Movements and Feminism
- When discussing the history of labor rights, strikes, or the role of women in early feminist movements, the term 'ouvrière' is often used to denote the specific demographic that was at the forefront of many of these struggles. It emphasizes the intersection of class and gender.
- Museums and Historical Sites
- Exhibits in museums dedicated to industrial history, social life, or specific industries (like textiles or mining) might use panels or audio guides that refer to 'ouvrières' to describe the women who worked in those environments.
- Specialized Journalism or Articles
- Occasionally, you might find 'ouvrière' in specialized journalistic articles or essays that delve into the history of certain professions or regions where manual labor was historically dominated by women. It's less likely to appear in everyday news reporting.
The museum exhibit featured photographs of ouvrières in the early 20th century.
In the documentary, a historian discussed the vital role of the ouvrière class in the French economy.
The novel's protagonist was an ouvrière in a textile factory.
The book explored the historical context of the French ouvrière.
The lecture focused on the social conditions of the ouvrière in the 19th century.
- Confusing with 'Ouvrier'
- The most frequent mistake for learners is to use 'ouvrière' when referring to a male worker, or to mistakenly think it's a general term for any worker. Remember, 'ouvrière' is exclusively feminine and refers to a female manual laborer. The masculine form is 'ouvrier'. If you mean a male worker, use 'ouvrier'. If you mean a female worker, use 'ouvrière'.
- Using it for Modern, Non-Manual Jobs
- 'Ouvrière' strongly implies manual labor, often in industrial or agricultural settings. Using it to describe a woman in a modern office job, a doctor, a teacher, or a technician might sound anachronistic or inaccurate. For these roles, more general terms like 'travailleuse' (worker), 'professionnelle' (professional), or specific job titles are more appropriate.
- Incorrect Agreement
- As a noun, 'ouvrière' is feminine. If you try to use it as an adjective and fail to make it agree with a masculine noun, you'll make a mistake. For example, saying 'un ouvrière' is incorrect; it should be 'un ouvrier'. Conversely, if you're describing something related to a female worker, the adjective form would be 'ouvrière'.
- Overuse or Misapplication in General Contexts
- While 'ouvrière' is a perfectly valid word, its specific meaning can lead to its misuse if not careful. In casual conversation about modern work, learners might default to it when a simpler, more general term like 'employée' (employee) or 'femme qui travaille' (woman who works) would suffice and be more natural.
- Literal Translation Pitfalls
- English speakers might be tempted to translate 'worker' directly and then add a feminine ending. However, French has specific words for specific types of workers. 'Ouvrière' is not a direct translation of 'female worker' in all contexts; it specifically denotes manual labor. Relying on direct translation can lead to awkward or incorrect usage.
Incorrect: 'J'ai vu un ouvrière dans la rue.' (Should be 'ouvrier' if male, or not used if general).
Incorrect: 'Elle est une ouvrière de bureau.' (Office worker is not manual labor).
Incorrect: 'L' ouvrière est très intelligent.' (Grammar error: adjective should agree).
Incorrect: 'Je suis une ouvrière dans la technologie.' (Technology is typically not manual labor).
Incorrect: 'Il a parlé à l'ouvrière.' (Used for a male person).
- Ouvrier (Masculine)
- This is the direct masculine counterpart to 'ouvrière'. It refers to a male person who does manual work, typically in a factory, workshop, or on a farm. While 'ouvrière' is strictly feminine, 'ouvrier' can sometimes be used more broadly in certain contexts to refer to any laborer, though 'travailleur' is often preferred for general male labor.
- Travailleuse (Feminine General Worker)
- 'Travailleuse' is a more general term for a working woman, regardless of the type of work. It can encompass manual labor but also office jobs, service industry roles, or any profession. If you want to refer to a woman who works without specifying manual labor, 'travailleuse' is a safer and more common choice than 'ouvrière' in modern French.
- Travailleur (Masculine General Worker)
- This is the masculine counterpart to 'travailleuse'. It's a general term for a male worker, applicable to a wide range of professions. It is often preferred over 'ouvrier' when the manual aspect is not emphasized or when referring to any male person who earns a living through work.
- Employée (Female Employee)
- 'Employée' refers to a female employee, someone who works for a company or organization. This term is very common in modern French and can apply to both manual and non-manual roles, but it often implies a more formal employment relationship than 'ouvrière'.
- Employé (Male Employee)
- The masculine form of 'employée', referring to a male employee.
- Manuelle (Adjective)
- While not a noun for a person, the adjective 'manuelle' (manual) is closely related. You might hear phrases like 'travail manuel' (manual work) or 'tâche manuelle' (manual task). 'Ouvrière' implies 'travail manuel'.
- Artisane (Female Artisan)
- This term refers to a woman who practices a craft or trade, often involving skilled manual work. While there's overlap with 'ouvrière' in terms of manual skill, 'artisane' implies a higher level of skill, creativity, and often independent work, rather than factory labor.
- Ouvrière agricole (Female Agricultural Worker)
- This is a more specific term that clarifies the context of the manual labor. If the woman works in agriculture, this phrase is more precise than just 'ouvrière'.
A man working in a factory is an ouvrier, while a woman doing the same job is an ouvrière.
She is a travailleuse in the service sector, not an ouvrière.
He is a travailleur in construction, not an ouvrier if we want to be very general.
She is an employée in the bank, a different role from an ouvrière.
The potter is an artisane, skilled in her craft.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The root 'opus' (work) is also the origin of many other English words like 'opus', 'operate', and 'cooperate'. The French verb 'œuvrer', meaning to work or to act, also shares this root.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'u' like the 'u' in 'cut'.
- Making the 'r' sound too strong or too rolled.
- Not clearly articulating the 'è' sound.
- Confusing the feminine ending '-ière' with other feminine endings.
- Pronouncing the 'j' sound like in 'jump'.
난이도
At A2/B1 level, learners can understand 'ouvrière' when it appears in simple sentences or contexts related to jobs and history. Comprehending its nuances and historical significance requires B2/C1 level.
Using 'ouvrière' accurately requires understanding its specific meaning (female, manual labor) and historical context. A2/B1 learners might use it in simple sentences, while B2/C1 learners can incorporate it into more complex discussions.
Pronunciation is manageable for A2 learners. Using it spontaneously in conversation requires an understanding of its appropriate contexts, which develops from B1 onwards.
Recognizing the word 'ouvrière' in spoken French is achievable at A2/B1. Understanding its full meaning and context may require higher levels.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Gender agreement of nouns and adjectives.
An 'ouvrière' is feminine, so adjectives describing her must also be feminine (e.g., 'une ouvrière qualifiée', not 'qualifié').
Use of articles (definite, indefinite, partitive).
'Une ouvrière' (a female worker) vs. 'l'ouvrière' (the female worker).
Pluralization of nouns.
The plural of 'ouvrière' is 'ouvrières'.
Prepositions indicating profession or role (e.g., 'comme', 'en tant que').
'Elle travaille comme ouvrière agricole.' (She works as an agricultural female worker.)
Verb conjugation in different tenses (e.g., passé composé, imparfait).
'Elle travaillait comme ouvrière.' (She used to work as a female worker.) vs. 'Elle a travaillé comme ouvrière.' (She worked as a female worker.)
수준별 예문
Ma mère était une ouvrière dans une usine.
My mother was a worker in a factory.
'Ouvrière' is the feminine noun for a female manual worker. It follows the indefinite article 'une'.
Elle a travaillé comme ouvrière agricole.
She worked as an agricultural worker.
'Ouvrière agricole' specifies the type of manual labor. The preposition 'comme' means 'as'.
L'ouvrière a demandé une augmentation.
The female worker asked for a raise.
'L'' is the definite article used before a noun starting with a vowel. 'ouvrière' is the subject of the verb 'a demandé'.
C'était une ouvrière très dévouée.
She was a very dedicated female worker.
'Dévouée' is an adjective agreeing in gender and number with 'ouvrière'.
Beaucoup d'ouvrières manifestaient.
Many female workers were demonstrating.
'Ouvrières' is the plural form of 'ouvrière'.
Elle parlait de son travail d'ouvrière.
She spoke about her work as a female worker.
The preposition 'de' is used here to indicate the nature of her work.
L'histoire d'une ouvrière.
The story of a female worker.
A simple noun phrase, common in titles or descriptions.
Elle était une fière ouvrière.
She was a proud female worker.
'Fière' is an adjective agreeing with 'ouvrière'.
La grève des ouvrières textiles a marqué l'histoire de la ville.
The strike of the female textile workers marked the history of the city.
'Ouvrières textiles' is a compound noun phrase specifying the industry. 'Ont marqué' is the past tense of 'marquer' (to mark).
Elle a raconté sa vie d'ouvrière dans un livre.
She told her life as a female worker in a book.
'Sa vie d'ouvrière' means 'her life as a female worker'. 'Dans un livre' indicates the medium.
Les conditions de travail de l'ouvrière étaient difficiles.
The working conditions of the female worker were difficult.
'Les conditions de travail' means 'working conditions'. 'Difficiles' is an adjective describing the conditions.
Elle est devenue une militante pour les droits des ouvrières.
She became a campaigner for the rights of female workers.
'Militante' means campaigner/activist. 'Pour les droits des ouvrières' means 'for the rights of female workers'.
Le roman dépeint la solidarité entre les ouvrières.
The novel depicts the solidarity among the female workers.
'Dépeint' means 'depicts'. 'Entre les ouvrières' means 'among the female workers'.
Elle a quitté son emploi d'ouvrière pour ouvrir son propre magasin.
She left her job as a female worker to open her own shop.
'Pour ouvrir' expresses purpose. 'Son propre magasin' means 'her own shop'.
L'héritage de l'ouvrière industrielle est toujours présent.
The legacy of the industrial female worker is still present.
'L'héritage' means 'legacy'. 'Industrielle' is an adjective modifying 'ouvrière'.
Elle est fière de son passé d'ouvrière.
She is proud of her past as a female worker.
'Son passé d'ouvrière' refers to her history of being a female worker.
Le film retrace le parcours d'une ouvrière qui a gravi les échelons pour devenir contremaître.
The film traces the journey of a female worker who climbed the ranks to become a foreman.
'Gravi les échelons' means 'climbed the ranks'. 'Contremaître' is foreman (masculine, but can refer to a role).
L'étude sociologique analyse le rôle de l'ouvrière dans la transformation des structures familiales.
The sociological study analyzes the role of the female worker in the transformation of family structures.
'Transformation des structures familiales' means 'transformation of family structures'. 'Analyse' is the verb 'to analyze'.
Elle a fondé une association pour soutenir les ouvrières en difficulté.
She founded an association to support female workers in difficulty.
'A fondé' means 'founded'. 'En difficulté' means 'in difficulty' or 'facing hardship'.
Le discours politique de l'époque ne reflétait pas la réalité vécue par l'ouvrière.
The political discourse of the time did not reflect the reality experienced by the female worker.
'Discours politique' means 'political discourse'. 'La réalité vécue' means 'the lived reality'.
La mémoire collective conserve l'image de l'ouvrière courageuse et résiliente.
Collective memory preserves the image of the courageous and resilient female worker.
'Mémoire collective' means 'collective memory'. 'Courageuse et résiliente' are adjectives agreeing with 'ouvrière'.
Son engagement en tant qu'ouvrière syndicaliste était exemplaire.
Her commitment as a unionist female worker was exemplary.
'Engagement' means 'commitment'. 'Syndicaliste' is an adjective or noun for unionist.
L'évolution de la condition de l'ouvrière est un sujet d'étude important.
The evolution of the condition of the female worker is an important subject of study.
'Condition' refers to social or economic status. 'Sujet d'étude' means 'subject of study'.
Elle a écrit des mémoires poignantes sur son expérience d'ouvrière.
She wrote poignant memoirs about her experience as a female worker.
'Mémoires poignantes' means 'poignant memoirs'. 'Son expérience d'ouvrière' refers to her experiences in that role.
Le roman historique explore la dichotomie entre le discours paternaliste des employeurs et la réalité vécue par l'ouvrière.
The historical novel explores the dichotomy between the paternalistic discourse of employers and the lived reality of the female worker.
'Dichotomie' means dichotomy. 'Discours paternaliste' refers to a condescending, father-like attitude. 'Employeurs' are employers.
L'analyse marxiste met en lumière l'exploitation intrinsèque de l'ouvrière dans le système capitaliste.
The Marxist analysis highlights the intrinsic exploitation of the female worker within the capitalist system.
'Exploitation intrinsèque' means intrinsic exploitation. 'Système capitaliste' is the capitalist system.
Elle a consacré sa vie à défendre les droits des ouvrières, plaidant pour des conditions de travail plus humaines.
She dedicated her life to defending the rights of female workers, advocating for more humane working conditions.
'A consacré sa vie' means 'dedicated her life'. 'Plaidant pour' means 'advocating for'. 'Plus humaines' means 'more humane'.
La perception de l'ouvrière a évolué, passant d'une figure anonyme à un symbole de résistance.
The perception of the female worker has evolved, moving from an anonymous figure to a symbol of resistance.
'Perception' means perception. 'Figure anonyme' means anonymous figure. 'Symbole de résistance' means symbol of resistance.
L'étude interroge la notion d'identité chez l'ouvrière confrontée aux mutations économiques et sociales.
The study questions the notion of identity for the female worker confronted with economic and social changes.
'Interroge la notion d'identité' means 'questions the notion of identity'. 'Mutations économiques et sociales' means 'economic and social changes'.
Elle incarne la résilience de l'ouvrière face à l'adversité, une figure emblématique du monde ouvrier.
She embodies the resilience of the female worker in the face of adversity, an emblematic figure of the working class.
'Incarne' means 'embodies'. 'Adversité' means adversity. 'Figure emblématique' means emblematic figure.
Le féminisme post-structureliste réexamine la catégorie 'ouvrière' comme une construction sociale mouvante.
Post-structuralist feminism re-examines the category 'female worker' as a moving social construct.
'Féminisme post-structureliste' is post-structuralist feminism. 'Construction sociale mouvante' means moving social construct.
Son témoignage offre un éclairage précieux sur les luttes quotidiennes de l'ouvrière au tournant du XXe siècle.
Her testimony offers valuable insight into the daily struggles of the female worker at the turn of the 20th century.
'Témoignage' means testimony. 'Éclairage précieux' means valuable insight. 'Au tournant du XXe siècle' means at the turn of the 20th century.
La déconstruction du terme 'ouvrière' révèle les strates d'oppression et de subjectivité qui le composent.
The deconstruction of the term 'female worker' reveals the layers of oppression and subjectivity that compose it.
'Déconstruction' is deconstruction. 'Strates d'oppression et de subjectivité' means layers of oppression and subjectivity.
L'historiographie récente tend à dépasser la seule perspective de l'ouvrière pour intégrer d'autres voix marginalisées.
Recent historiography tends to move beyond the sole perspective of the female worker to integrate other marginalized voices.
'Historiographie' is historiography. 'Dépasser la seule perspective' means to move beyond the sole perspective. 'Voix marginalisées' means marginalized voices.
La performativité de genre influe sur la manière dont l'identité d'ouvrière est incarnée et perçue au sein du collectif.
Gender performativity influences how the identity of a female worker is embodied and perceived within the collective.
'Performativité de genre' is gender performativity. 'Incarnée' means embodied. 'Au sein du collectif' means within the collective.
L'économie solidaire cherche à revaloriser le travail des ouvrières, souvent invisibilisé par les structures productives traditionnelles.
The solidarity economy seeks to revalue the work of female workers, often made invisible by traditional productive structures.
'Économie solidaire' is solidarity economy. 'Revaloriser' means to revalue. 'Invisibilisé' means made invisible.
La figure de l'ouvrière devient un signifiant polysémique, chargé d'histoire et de connotations multiples.
The figure of the female worker becomes a polysemous signifier, loaded with history and multiple connotations.
'Signifiant polysémique' is polysemous signifier. 'Chargé d'histoire et de connotations multiples' means loaded with history and multiple connotations.
L'analyse postcoloniale interroge la position de l'ouvrière dans les sociétés anciennement industrialisées et leurs rapports avec le Sud global.
Postcolonial analysis questions the position of the female worker in formerly industrialized societies and their relations with the global South.
'Anciennement industrialisées' means formerly industrialized. 'Rapports avec le Sud global' means relations with the global South.
Elle a su transcender les limitations imposées à l'ouvrière de son époque pour devenir une figure d'émancipation.
She managed to transcend the limitations imposed on the female worker of her time to become a figure of emancipation.
'Transcender les limitations' means to transcend limitations. 'Figure d'émancipation' means figure of emancipation.
Le concept d'ouvrière est essentialisé dans certains discours, occultant la diversité de leurs expériences.
The concept of the female worker is essentialized in certain discourses, obscuring the diversity of their experiences.
'Essentialisé' means essentialized. 'Occultant' means obscuring. 'Diversité de leurs expériences' means diversity of their experiences.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To work as a female manual laborer.
Elle a travaillé comme ouvrière pendant de nombreuses années.
— A specialized female manual worker.
Elle est une ouvrière spécialisée dans la couture.
— The rights of female workers.
Le syndicat défendait les droits des ouvrières.
— A young female manual worker.
La jeune ouvrière apprenait les bases de son métier.
— The female worker and the boss.
La relation entre l'ouvrière et le patron était tendue.
— A female agricultural worker.
Elle a grandi en travaillant comme ouvrière agricole.
— The conditions of the female worker.
Les conditions de l'ouvrière étaient souvent précaires.
자주 혼동되는 단어
This is the masculine form. 'Ouvrier' refers to a male manual worker, while 'ouvrière' refers to a female manual worker. Confusing them is a common gender error.
'Travailleuse' is a more general term for any working woman, not necessarily manual labor. 'Ouvrière' specifically denotes manual work, often in industrial or agricultural settings.
'Employée' refers to a female employee, which can be manual or non-manual. 'Ouvrière' is more specific to the nature of the physical labor involved.
관용어 및 표현
— To get involved and help with manual labor or a task. While not directly using 'ouvrière', it describes the action associated with it.
Pour finir le projet, tout le monde a dû mettre la main à la pâte.
Informal/Neutral— To do a lot of work, often tedious or extensive, implying hard labor.
Nettoyer toute la maison avant l'arrivée des invités, c'était faire un travail de Romain.
Neutral— To have to do an unpleasant chore or task, often manual.
Aujourd'hui, c'est à moi d'être de corvée de vaisselle.
Informal— To work extremely hard, like a convict.
Elle travaille comme une forçat pour finir sa thèse à temps.
Neutral/Informal— To be completely absorbed in one's work, often to the exclusion of everything else.
Je ne peux pas venir ce week-end, j'ai le nez dans le guidon avec ce projet.
Informal— To work very hard, often physically demanding work.
Il s'est cassé le dos toute la semaine pour gagner un peu d'argent.
Informal— To struggle financially, to have difficulty making ends meet.
Depuis qu'elle a perdu son emploi, elle tire le diable par la queue.
Informal— To be involved in dirty, manual work, especially mechanical.
Le mécanicien a les mains dans le cambouis toute la journée.
Informal— To be on the lookout, vigilant, often in anticipation of something related to work or challenges.
Dans ce secteur, il faut être sur le qui-vive pour anticiper les changements.
Neutral— To give one's all, to make great sacrifices, often in a work context.
Elle a donné sa chemise pour son entreprise.
Informal혼동하기 쉬운
Both words relate to 'work' and have similar sounds, and 'ouvrière' is derived from 'ouvrier'. The primary confusion arises from gender.
'Ouvrier' is masculine and refers to a male manual worker. 'Ouvrière' is feminine and refers specifically to a female manual worker. If you are talking about a man, use 'ouvrier'; if about a woman, use 'ouvrière'.
L'ouvrier a réparé la machine. L'ouvrière a cousu le tissu.
Both are feminine nouns related to work.
'Ouvrière' denotes manual labor (factory, farm, etc.). 'Travailleuse' is a more general term for any woman who works, regardless of the type of job (e.g., office worker, teacher, doctor). Use 'ouvrière' when the manual aspect is key and historical, and 'travailleuse' for broader or modern contexts.
Elle est une ouvrière dans une usine. Elle est une travailleuse dans le secteur médical.
Both refer to women in a work context.
'Ouvrière' specifically implies manual labor, often in a historical or industrial setting. 'Employée' refers to a female employee in a more general sense, which could be manual or non-manual, and often implies a formal employment contract. 'Ouvrière' focuses on the nature of the task, while 'employée' focuses on the employment status.
L'ouvrière a passé sa journée à l'usine. L'employée de bureau a répondu au téléphone.
Both are feminine nouns referring to skilled work.
'Ouvrière' implies manual labor, often repetitive or physically demanding, in an industrial or agricultural context. 'Artisane' refers to a woman who practices a craft or trade with skill and artistry, often implying creativity and unique production (e.g., a potter, a jeweler). While both involve manual skill, 'artisane' suggests a higher level of craft and creativity.
Elle était une ouvrière dans l'imprimerie. Elle est une artisane qui fabrique des bijoux.
It describes the type of work associated with 'ouvrière'.
'Ouvrière' is a noun referring to the person (a female manual worker). 'Manuelle' is an adjective meaning 'manual' and describes the type of work (e.g., 'travail manuel' - manual work). You can't say 'une manuelle' to mean a female manual worker; you'd say 'une ouvrière' or 'une travailleuse manuelle'.
Le travail est manuel. C'est une ouvrière.
문장 패턴
Une [ouvrière] [adjective].
Une ouvrière dévouée.
Elle était [ouvrière].
Elle était ouvrière dans une usine.
L'[ouvrière] [verb] [details].
L'ouvrière a demandé une augmentation.
Le roman parle d'une [ouvrière] [description].
Le roman parle d'une ouvrière textile.
L'étude analyse la condition de l'[ouvrière].
L'étude analyse la condition de l'ouvrière au XIXe siècle.
Elle est devenue [ouvrière] [profession/description].
Elle est devenue ouvrière spécialisée.
La perception de l'[ouvrière] a évolué.
La perception de l'ouvrière a évolué avec le temps.
Elle incarne la résilience de l'[ouvrière].
Elle incarne la résilience de l'ouvrière face à l'adversité.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Low to Medium (depending on context; high in historical/academic contexts, low in casual modern conversation).
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Using 'ouvrière' for a male worker.
→
Ouvrier
This is a fundamental gender error. 'Ouvrière' is exclusively feminine. The masculine form for a manual worker is 'ouvrier'. Always check the gender of the person you are referring to.
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Using 'ouvrière' for a modern office job.
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Employée, professionnelle, or specific job title.
'Ouvrière' strongly implies manual labor, typically in historical industrial or agricultural settings. Using it for a modern office worker, doctor, or teacher is inaccurate and sounds anachronistic.
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Incorrect adjective agreement.
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An adjective must agree in gender and number with 'ouvrière'.
If you describe an 'ouvrière' as skilled, you must use the feminine adjective: 'une ouvrière qualifiée', not 'qualifié'. This applies to all descriptive adjectives.
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Confusing 'ouvrière' with 'travailleuse' in general contexts.
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Travailleuse
'Ouvrière' is specific to manual labor. 'Travailleuse' is a general term for any working woman. If the job isn't strictly manual or industrial, 'travailleuse' is usually more appropriate.
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Using 'ouvrière' when referring to a boss or manager.
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Patronne or cadre.
'Ouvrière' refers to someone who performs labor. The opposite role is a boss or owner ('patronne' for feminine). These are distinct social and professional positions.
팁
Mastering the Sounds
Focus on the 'u' sound (like 'oo' in 'moon'), the 'vri' combination, and the 'jè' sound. The stress is on the second syllable: ou-VRI-ère. Practice saying it aloud multiple times.
Know Your Context
Remember that 'ouvrière' specifically implies manual labor, often in historical or industrial settings. Avoid using it for modern office jobs or professions unless the context is explicitly historical.
Gender Agreement is Key
As 'ouvrière' is feminine, ensure any adjectives or pronouns referring to her also agree in gender. For example, 'une ouvrière qualifiée' (a skilled female worker) not 'qualifié'.
Choosing the Right Word
Consider 'travailleuse' for a general working woman or 'artisane' for a skilled craftswoman. 'Ouvrière' is best when emphasizing the manual, often industrial, nature of the work.
Visual Associations
Picture a woman in a historical factory setting, perhaps operating a loom or a sewing machine. This strong visual can help you recall the meaning and context of 'ouvrière'.
Historical Nuance
The term carries historical weight related to the working class and industrialization. Use it thoughtfully, especially in modern contexts, to avoid sounding anachronistic.
Ouvrière vs. Ouvrier
Always remember the gender distinction: 'ouvrière' is female, 'ouvrier' is male. This is a fundamental point to avoid errors.
Active Recall
Try to create your own sentences using 'ouvrière' in different historical or social scenarios. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Cultural Context Matters
Understand that 'ouvrière' is tied to French social history. Learning about the lives of working women in France will deepen your understanding of this term.
Expand Your Lexicon
When you learn 'ouvrière', also look up related terms like 'usine' (factory), 'métier' (trade/job), and 'condition de travail' (working conditions) to build a richer vocabulary around the theme.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a woman named 'Ouvra' who is very strong and works hard in a factory, operating heavy machinery. The 'ouvrière' is this strong woman, Ouvra, who operates machinery.
시각적 연상
Picture a woman in a vintage factory setting, wearing an apron and cap, with tools in her hands, looking determined. Maybe she's operating a loom or a sewing machine.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe the daily routine of a fictional 'ouvrière' from the 19th century in a short paragraph, using the word 'ouvrière' at least twice.
어원
The word 'ouvrière' comes from the Old French word 'ovrier', which itself derives from the Latin word 'operarius'. 'Operarius' means 'worker' and is related to 'opus', meaning 'work'.
원래 의미: Originally, 'operarius' referred to someone who worked, particularly in manual labor. The feminine form developed to specifically denote a female worker.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Gallo-Romance > Old French > French문화적 맥락
While 'ouvrière' is a descriptive term, it's important to use it with awareness of its historical context. In modern usage, especially when referring to contemporary jobs, more general or specific terms might be preferred to avoid sounding anachronistic or to be more inclusive. The term can evoke images of hardship and exploitation, so context is key.
In English-speaking countries, similar terms like 'factory girl', 'mill worker', or 'farm laborer' (feminine) might be used, but 'ouvrière' has a specific French cultural resonance tied to its historical and social context.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Historical accounts of the Industrial Revolution.
- L'ouvrière dans les usines textiles.
- Les conditions de vie de l'ouvrière.
- La grève des ouvrières.
Discussions about labor movements and social history.
- Le rôle de l'ouvrière dans la société.
- Les droits des ouvrières.
- Une ouvrière syndicaliste.
Biographies or novels featuring working-class characters.
- Elle était une ouvrière dévouée.
- Son enfance d'ouvrière.
- Une jeune ouvrière.
Sociological studies on gender and class.
- L'identité de l'ouvrière.
- La perception de l'ouvrière.
- L'évolution de la condition de l'ouvrière.
Descriptions of traditional or rural life.
- Une ouvrière agricole.
- Le travail de l'ouvrière aux champs.
- Une ouvrière dans une ferme.
대화 시작하기
"Have you ever read a book or seen a movie about the lives of factory workers from the past?"
"What do you think were the biggest challenges for women working in factories during the industrial revolution?"
"Can you imagine what it was like to be a female agricultural worker in the countryside a century ago?"
"How has the role of women in manual labor changed over time?"
"If you were to describe a historical image of a woman working hard, what would you focus on?"
일기 주제
Imagine you are a female factory worker in 19th-century France. Write a diary entry about your day.
Reflect on the historical significance of women in manual labor. How did their work shape society?
Compare and contrast the life of an 'ouvrière' with the life of a modern woman in a similar manual profession (if applicable).
Write a short story about a woman who was an 'ouvrière' and later became an advocate for workers' rights.
Consider the word 'ouvrière'. What emotions or images does it evoke for you? Discuss its historical and social weight.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문While 'ouvrière' is most commonly encountered in historical or sociological contexts discussing industrialization and past labor conditions, it can still be used today to refer to a woman performing manual labor, especially if the context strongly implies it. However, for modern jobs, more general terms like 'travailleuse' or specific job titles are often preferred.
The key difference is specificity. 'Ouvrière' specifically refers to a woman engaged in manual labor, often in factories or agriculture. 'Travailleuse' is a broader term for any working woman, regardless of the type of work (manual, office, service, etc.). If you want to emphasize manual labor, 'ouvrière' is more precise; for general work, 'travailleuse' is better.
The word itself is primarily a noun. The feminine adjective form related to work is 'ouvrière' (e.g., 'une profession ouvrière' - a manual labor profession). However, when referring to the person, it is used as a noun: 'une ouvrière'.
Not inherently. 'Ouvrière' is a descriptive term for a female manual worker. However, like many terms related to class and labor, its connotation can depend heavily on the context and the speaker's intent. In historical discussions, it's neutral. In modern casual use, it might sound a bit dated or overly specific if not used carefully.
The plural of 'ouvrière' is 'ouvrières'. For example, 'les ouvrières de l'usine' means 'the factory female workers'.
If the skilled trade involves significant manual labor in an industrial or workshop setting, 'ouvrière' could be used. However, if the emphasis is on artistry, craftsmanship, or a unique skill, 'artisane' might be a more appropriate term. For example, a woman making handcrafted furniture might be called an 'artisane', while a woman operating a machine in a furniture factory might be called an 'ouvrière'.
French grammar traditionally uses masculine forms as neutral for mixed groups or when gender is unknown. So, 'ouvrier' could sometimes be used in a general sense, though this is becoming less common. More inclusive language might use 'travailleurs et travailleuses' (workers, male and female) or focus on the type of work like 'personnes exerçant un travail manuel' (people performing manual labor).
'Ouvrière' refers to manual labor, typically in factories or agriculture. 'Femme de ménage' specifically means 'housekeeper' or 'cleaning lady', referring to domestic work. They are distinct roles and terms.
The term 'ouvrière' is significant because it represents the large numbers of women who entered the workforce during industrialization. Their labor was essential but often poorly compensated and unrecognized. The term is tied to discussions about class struggle, women's rights, and the evolution of labor conditions.
Occasionally, 'ouvrière' might be used metaphorically to describe a woman who is extremely diligent and hardworking in any field, drawing a comparison to the perceived industriousness of manual laborers. However, this usage is less common and can sometimes sound quaint or dated.
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Summary
An 'ouvrière' is a French noun specifically referring to a woman who performs manual labor, typically in industrial or agricultural settings. It's crucial to remember its feminine gender and its connotation of physical work, often found in historical or social contexts.
- Ouvrière: Female manual laborer.
- Specifically for women in factory/farm work.
- Often historical or social context.
- Feminine form of 'ouvrier'.
Mastering the Sounds
Focus on the 'u' sound (like 'oo' in 'moon'), the 'vri' combination, and the 'jè' sound. The stress is on the second syllable: ou-VRI-ère. Practice saying it aloud multiple times.
Know Your Context
Remember that 'ouvrière' specifically implies manual labor, often in historical or industrial settings. Avoid using it for modern office jobs or professions unless the context is explicitly historical.
Gender Agreement is Key
As 'ouvrière' is feminine, ensure any adjectives or pronouns referring to her also agree in gender. For example, 'une ouvrière qualifiée' (a skilled female worker) not 'qualifié'.
Choosing the Right Word
Consider 'travailleuse' for a general working woman or 'artisane' for a skilled craftswoman. 'Ouvrière' is best when emphasizing the manual, often industrial, nature of the work.
관련 콘텐츠
work 관련 단어
à distance
A2원격으로, 현장에 직접 있지 않고 하는 것.
à durée déterminée
B1For a fixed or definite period; fixed-term.
à durée indéterminée
B1무기한의; 정규직의 (계약 등).
à la fin
A2마지막에 (majimag-e)
à la journée
B1매일, 또는 하루 동안의 기간 또는 지불.
à la semaine
B1Weekly, by the week.
à l'année
B1Annually, by the year.
à l'attention de
B1귀하; 공식적인 서신이나 이메일에서 특정 수신인을 지정할 때 사용됩니다.
à l'avance
A2미리 또는 사전에 무언가를 하는 것.
à l'issue de
A2결과적으로, ~의 끝에. 회의나 경기와 같은 공식적인 행사가 끝난 시점을 나타낼 때 주로 사용됩니다.
