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B1 adjective 10분 분량

गमगीन

gamgeen
예시
설명 गमगीन in your Level:
At the absolute beginner level (A1), you are just starting to learn how to express basic emotions in Hindi. You likely already know simple words like 'खुश' (khush - happy) and 'उदास' (udaas - sad). The word 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) is a more advanced version of 'sad'. While you might not use it every day, it is important to recognize it because it means 'very sad' or 'gloomy'. Imagine a rainy day when you cannot go outside, and you feel very down, or imagine someone crying because they lost something very important to them. That deep sadness is what 'गमगीन' describes. As an A1 learner, you don't need to worry about complex grammar with this word. You can use it just like you use 'उदास'. The structure is very simple: 'Subject + गमगीन + है (is) / था (was)'. For example, 'वह गमगीन है' means 'He/She is sad'. The great thing about this word is that it does not change based on whether you are talking about a boy, a girl, or many people. It stays 'गमगीन'. Try to practice by pointing out things that look sad in pictures and saying 'यह गमगीन है' (This is sad).
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As an A2 learner, you are starting to build longer sentences and describe situations with more detail. You already know that 'उदास' means sad, but now you can use 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) to talk about a stronger, deeper feeling of sorrow. You can use this word to describe people, but also to describe the feeling of a place. For example, if you watch a very sad movie, you can say 'यह फिल्म बहुत गमगीन थी' (This movie was very sad). If you see a friend who looks like they have been crying, you can ask them, 'तुम इतने गमगीन क्यों हो?' (Why are you so sorrowful?). At this level, you should practice using intensifiers with the word. Words like 'बहुत' (very) or 'थोड़ा' (a little) work perfectly. 'वह बहुत गमगीन है' (He is very sad). You can also start using it to talk about the past. 'कल वह गमगीन था' (Yesterday he was sad). Remember that it is a serious word, so you wouldn't use it if someone just dropped their ice cream. You use it for bigger things, like missing family or hearing bad news. This helps you sound more natural and empathetic when speaking Hindi.
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At the B1 intermediate level, 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) becomes a crucial part of your vocabulary for expressing nuanced emotions. You are no longer just saying 'I am sad'; you are describing atmospheres, moods, and deeper psychological states. 'गमगीन' implies a heavy, lingering sorrow or gloom. You will often hear this word in Hindi news, Bollywood movies, and storytelling. A key phrase to master at this level is 'गमगीन माहौल' (gamgīn māhaul), which translates to a 'sorrowful atmosphere' or 'gloomy environment'. You can use this when describing a funeral, a tragic event, or a deeply moving situation. For instance, 'हादसे के बाद गाँव का माहौल गमगीन था' (After the accident, the village's atmosphere was sorrowful). You should also practice using it with compound verbs. Instead of just saying someone *is* sad, you can say something *made* them sad: 'उस खबर ने मुझे गमगीन कर दिया' (That news made me sorrowful). Or you can describe the process of becoming sad: 'वह अचानक गमगीन हो गया' (He suddenly became sorrowful). Understanding these structures allows you to tell stories and describe events with much greater emotional accuracy and cultural appropriateness in Hindi.
At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your goal is to speak Hindi with greater fluency, cultural awareness, and stylistic flair. The word 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) is an excellent tool for this. Because of its Persian roots ('गम' meaning sorrow + 'गीन' meaning full of), it carries a slightly more poetic and formal register than native Hindi words like 'दुखी' or 'उदास'. You should use it to elevate your spoken and written Hindi, particularly when discussing literature, cinema, or serious social issues. At this level, you can explore abstract usages. For example, describing inanimate objects or abstract concepts as conveying sorrow: 'उसकी आँखों में एक गमगीन खामोशी थी' (There was a sorrowful silence in her eyes) or 'यह एक बहुत ही गमगीन धुन है' (This is a very melancholic tune). You should also be comfortable recognizing it in passive or complex sentence structures. For instance, 'पूरा शहर इस त्रासदी से गमगीन नजर आ रहा था' (The whole city appeared sorrowful due to this tragedy). By using 'गमगीन' correctly, you demonstrate to native speakers that you have a firm grasp of the emotional weight of words and can navigate conversations that require empathy, respect, and sophisticated vocabulary.
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As a C1 advanced learner, your engagement with the word 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) should focus on its literary, poetic, and journalistic applications. At this level of proficiency, you are expected to understand the subtle distinctions between near-synonyms like 'उदास', 'विषादपूर्ण', 'खिन्न', and 'गमगीन'. 'गमगीन' specifically evokes a sense of melancholia that is often romanticized in Urdu poetry (Shayari) and Ghazals, which heavily influence modern spoken Hindi. You should be able to effortlessly incorporate it into complex narratives and analytical discussions. For example, when critiquing a film or a piece of literature, you might say, 'लेखक ने नायक के गमगीन अतीत को बहुत ही संवेदनशीलता से प्रस्तुत किया है' (The author has presented the protagonist's sorrowful past with great sensitivity). Furthermore, you should recognize the socio-cultural contexts where this word is mandatory, such as in formal obituaries, political condolences, or reporting on mass tragedies. It is a word that sets a definitive tone. You can also experiment with stylistic variations, pairing it with advanced vocabulary to create evocative imagery, such as 'गमगीन फिज़ा' (gloomy atmosphere/breeze) or 'गमगीन दास्तान' (sorrowful tale). Mastery at this level means using the word not just accurately, but artfully.
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At the C2 mastery level, your understanding of 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) encompasses its complete etymological history, its sociolinguistic nuances, and its exact placement within the broader Indo-Persian linguistic continuum. You recognize that 'गमगीन' is a quintessential example of how Persian vocabulary has seamlessly integrated into Hindi to express profound emotional states that native Sanskrit-derived words (like 'शोकाकुल') might render too formal or rigid for poetic expression. You understand that the suffix '-गीन' (gīn), meaning 'endowed with' or 'full of', is a productive suffix in Persian, though less so in modern Hindi, linking 'गमगीन' to words like 'रंगीन' (colorful) or 'संगीन' (serious/stony). At this level, you can analyze text where 'गमगीन' is used to manipulate the reader's emotional response, understanding its power in rhetoric and literature. You can flawlessly switch registers, knowing exactly when a situation demands the poetic weight of 'गमगीन' versus the stark reality of 'दुखी'. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, whether you are delivering a heartfelt eulogy, analyzing the melancholic undertones of a classic Bollywood tragedy, or writing a sophisticated essay on the human condition. You wield the word with absolute precision and cultural resonance.
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예시
The Hindi word 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) is a profound and evocative adjective that translates to feeling or expressing deep sadness, sorrow, or gloom. To truly understand this word, one must look beyond simple translations like 'sad' and delve into the atmospheric and emotional weight it carries in both spoken and literary Hindi. When you describe someone as 'गमगीन', you are not merely saying they are having a bad day or feeling a fleeting sense of disappointment. Instead, you are painting a picture of someone who is enveloped in a heavy, almost palpable sorrow. This word is often reserved for situations that warrant a significant emotional response, such as mourning a loss, experiencing a profound heartbreak, or witnessing a tragic event. The usage of 'गमगीन' extends beyond describing human emotions; it can also be used to describe an atmosphere or an environment. For instance, a 'गमगीन माहौल' (gamgīn māhaul) refers to a gloomy or somber atmosphere, often felt at a funeral, after a natural disaster, or in a deserted place that holds tragic memories. English speakers learning Hindi will find this word particularly useful when they want to express empathy or describe a situation with the gravity it deserves. In everyday conversation, while people might use simpler words like 'उदास' (udās - sad) or 'दुखी' (dukhī - unhappy) for minor setbacks, 'गमगीन' elevates the discourse, adding a layer of poetic resonance and deep empathy. Understanding when to use this word allows learners to communicate with greater emotional intelligence and cultural sensitivity. It shows native speakers that you grasp the nuances of their language, moving beyond basic vocabulary to capture the true essence of human experience.
Emotional Depth
Indicates a deep, resonant sorrow rather than superficial sadness.
Atmospheric Usage
Can describe a somber environment or a gloomy setting, not just people.
Cultural Context
Frequently found in literature, poetry, and formal news reporting to convey gravity.

उसका चेहरा बहुत गमगीन लग रहा था।

खबर सुनकर पूरा परिवार गमगीन हो गया।

वहाँ का माहौल बहुत गमगीन था।

वह एक गमगीन धुन बजा रहा था।

उसकी आँखों में एक गमगीन खामोशी थी।

Using 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) correctly in sentences requires an understanding of its grammatical role as an adjective. In Hindi, adjectives generally precede the nouns they modify, or they can be used predicatively after the subject. Because 'गमगीन' ends in a consonant and does not have the typical '-आ' (-ā) ending of variable Hindi adjectives, it remains invariable. This means it does not change its form regardless of the gender or number of the noun it describes. Whether you are talking about a singular male (वह गमगीन है - He is sorrowful), a singular female (वह गमगीन है - She is sorrowful), or a plural group (वे गमगीन हैं - They are sorrowful), the word 'गमगीन' stays exactly the same. This makes it structurally very easy for English speakers to adopt and use in everyday conversations. When used attributively (before a noun), you will often see it in phrases like 'गमगीन चेहरा' (sorrowful face), 'गमगीन आवाज़' (gloomy voice), or 'गमगीन गीत' (sad song). When used predicatively, it is typically followed by the verb 'होना' (to be) or 'दिखना' (to look/appear). For example, 'तुम बहुत गमगीन दिख रहे हो' translates to 'You are looking very sorrowful.' You can also intensify the emotion by using adverbs like 'बहुत' (very) or 'काफी' (quite) before it. Furthermore, 'गमगीन' can be part of a compound verb structure, such as 'गमगीन कर देना' (to make someone sorrowful) or 'गमगीन हो जाना' (to become sorrowful). Mastering these sentence patterns will significantly enhance your ability to express complex emotional states in Hindi, allowing you to participate in deeper, more meaningful conversations with native speakers. It is a word that bridges the gap between basic vocabulary and advanced emotional expression.
Invariable Adjective
The word form does not change for masculine, feminine, singular, or plural subjects.
Predicative Usage
Commonly used with verbs like 'होना' (to be) and 'दिखना' (to look).
Intensifiers
Can be easily modified with 'बहुत' (very) to emphasize the depth of the sorrow.

वे इस घटना के बाद से गमगीन हैं।

उसकी गमगीन आवाज़ ने सबको रुला दिया।

कमरे में एक गमगीन शांति छा गई।

मैं तुम्हें इतना गमगीन नहीं देख सकता।

फिल्म का अंत बहुत ही गमगीन था।

The word 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) occupies a special place in the linguistic landscape of Hindi and Urdu. While you might not hear it every day in casual banter at a grocery store, it is incredibly prevalent in specific cultural, media, and social contexts. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in Indian cinema and music. Bollywood songs, especially those dealing with heartbreak, separation, or tragedy, frequently utilize 'गमगीन' to describe the protagonist's state of mind or the overall mood of the scene. It is a staple in Ghazals (a form of poetic expression) and classical poetry, where the exploration of sorrow (गम / gham) is a central theme. Beyond the realm of art and entertainment, 'गमगीन' is heavily used in journalism and news reporting. When news anchors or journalists report on tragic events—such as natural disasters, accidents, or the passing of a prominent figure—they often describe the atmosphere among the public or the bereaved families as a 'गमगीन माहौल' (sorrowful atmosphere). This usage underscores the word's formal and respectful tone when dealing with grief. You will also hear this word in formal speeches, eulogies, and serious discussions about mental health and profound emotional struggles. In everyday life, native speakers will use it during deeply personal conversations when confiding in a close friend about a significant loss or a period of intense melancholy. By recognizing these contexts, a language learner can appreciate the cultural weight of the word and understand that its usage signals a shift from casual conversation to a more serious, empathetic, or artistic register. It is a word that commands respect and requires a sensitive understanding of the situation at hand.
News and Journalism
Standard vocabulary for reporting tragedies and describing public mourning.
Poetry and Music
A favorite in Ghazals and Bollywood lyrics to express deep, romantic melancholy.
Personal Confessions
Used among close confidants to discuss periods of intense emotional struggle.

नेता के निधन पर पूरा देश गमगीन है।

यह गज़ल बहुत ही गमगीन एहसास देती है।

हादसे की जगह पर एक गमगीन सन्नाटा था।

उसकी विदाई का समारोह काफी गमगीन हो गया था।

बारिश के मौसम में कभी-कभी मन गमगीन हो जाता है।

When learning a deeply expressive word like 'गमगीन' (gamgīn), English speakers often make a few predictable but easily correctable mistakes. The most common error is related to the intensity of the word. Because 'गमगीन' translates to 'sad' or 'gloomy', learners might use it for trivial situations, such as saying 'मैं गमगीन हूँ क्योंकि मेरी चाय ठंडी हो गई' (I am sorrowful because my tea got cold). To a native speaker, this sounds incredibly melodramatic and slightly comical, as the word carries a heavy, serious weight suitable for real grief or profound melancholy. Another frequent mistake is attempting to change the ending of the word based on gender or number. English speakers accustomed to Hindi adjectives ending in '-आ' (like अच्छा - good) might mistakenly try to say 'गमगीनी' for a female or 'गमगीने' for plural subjects. It is crucial to remember that 'गमगीन' is an invariable adjective; its form never changes. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'गमगीन' (sorrowful) with words expressing anger, such as 'गुस्सा' (angry) or 'नाराज़' (upset/annoyed), because negative emotions can sometimes blur together in a new language. 'गमगीन' strictly relates to sadness, grief, and gloom, devoid of anger. Pronunciation also poses a slight challenge. The first letter is 'ग' (g), but because of its Persian roots, it is sometimes pronounced with a slight guttural fricative sound (gh) by highly proficient Urdu speakers. However, standard Hindi speakers pronounce it with a hard 'g' as in 'goat'. Overcomplicating the pronunciation is unnecessary for most learners. Finally, avoid using it as a noun. You cannot say 'मेरे पास बहुत गमगीन है' (I have a lot of sorrowful). Instead, you must use the root noun 'गम' (sorrow) to say 'मेरे पास बहुत गम है'. Understanding these common pitfalls will ensure that your usage of this beautiful and poignant word is both grammatically accurate and culturally appropriate.
Over-dramatization
Using it for minor inconveniences instead of profound sadness.
Grammatical Inflection
Incorrectly modifying the ending for gender or plural forms.
Part of Speech Confusion
Using the adjective form when the noun form 'गम' (sorrow) is required.

Incorrect: वह लड़की बहुत गमगीनी है।

Correct: वह लड़की बहुत गमगीन है।

Incorrect: मेरा फोन टूट गया, मैं गमगीन हूँ। (Too dramatic)

Correct: मेरा फोन टूट गया, मैं उदास हूँ। (Better fit)

Correct: उसके पिता के निधन से वह गमगीन है। (Appropriate weight)

Hindi offers a rich spectrum of vocabulary to describe various shades of sadness, and understanding where 'गमगीन' (gamgīn) fits into this spectrum is essential for achieving fluency. The most common alternative you will hear is 'उदास' (udās). While 'उदास' also means sad, it is much broader and can be used for everyday, fleeting moments of unhappiness, such as missing a bus or having a minor disagreement. 'गमगीन', on the other hand, is much heavier and implies a deep, lingering sorrow. Another frequent synonym is 'दुखी' (dukhī), which translates directly to 'unhappy' or 'sad'. 'दुखी' is highly versatile and can describe physical pain as well as emotional distress, whereas 'गमगीन' is strictly emotional and atmospheric. For more formal or literary contexts, you might encounter words like 'शोकाकुल' (śokākul), which means 'grief-stricken' and is heavily used in formal Hindu mourning contexts, or 'खिन्न' (khinn), which implies a mix of sadness and mild irritation or dejection. 'निराश' (nirāś) is another related word, but it specifically means 'disappointed' or 'hopeless' rather than purely sorrowful. If you want to describe a sad atmosphere, 'मायूस' (māyūs), meaning 'disheartened' or 'despondent', is a very poetic and slightly softer alternative to 'गमगीन'. Choosing the right word depends entirely on the intensity of the emotion and the formality of the situation. For a beginner, sticking to 'उदास' for daily life and reserving 'गमगीन' for serious events is a solid strategy. As you advance, weaving in these nuanced synonyms will make your Hindi sound remarkably authentic, allowing you to paint precise emotional landscapes with your words.
उदास (udās)
The most common word for 'sad'. Used for everyday sadness and minor disappointments.
दुखी (dukhī)
Means 'unhappy' or 'suffering'. Can apply to both physical pain and emotional distress.
शोकाकुल (śokākul)
Highly formal, meaning 'grief-stricken'. Primarily used in obituaries and extreme tragedies.

आज मौसम बहुत उदास है। (Casual)

वह अपनी बीमारी से बहुत दुखी है। (Suffering)

परीक्षा में फेल होने पर वह निराश हो गया। (Disappointed)

उसका परिवार शोकाकुल है। (Grief-stricken)

उसका दिल टूट गया और वह गमगीन रहने लगा। (Deeply sorrowful)

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수준별 예문

1

वह बहुत गमगीन है।

He is very sad.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be' structure.

2

लड़की गमगीन थी।

The girl was sorrowful.

Past tense 'थी' used for a feminine subject.

3

तुम गमगीन क्यों हो?

Why are you sad?

Question structure using 'क्यों' (why).

4

मैं आज गमगीन हूँ।

I am gloomy today.

Using 'आज' (today) to specify time.

5

कुत्ता गमगीन लग रहा है।

The dog is looking sad.

Using 'लग रहा है' (is looking/appearing).

6

यह कहानी गमगीन है।

This story is sad.

Describing an inanimate object as sad.

7

वे गमगीन नहीं हैं।

They are not sorrowful.

Negative sentence using 'नहीं'.

8

क्या वह गमगीन है?

Is he sad?

Yes/No question starting with 'क्या'.

1

फिल्म देखकर वह गमगीन हो गया।

He became sorrowful after watching the movie.

Using 'हो गया' (became) to show a change in state.

2

उसका चेहरा बहुत गमगीन दिख रहा था।

His face was looking very sorrowful.

Using 'दिख रहा था' for past continuous appearance.

3

कृपया इतने गमगीन मत होइए।

Please don't be so gloomy.

Formal imperative negative using 'मत होइए'.

4

बारिश के दिन मुझे गमगीन कर देते हैं।

Rainy days make me gloomy.

Using compound verb 'कर देते हैं' (make).

5

उसने एक गमगीन गीत गाया।

He sang a sad song.

Using the adjective attributively before a noun 'गीत'.

6

मुझे उसकी गमगीन आँखें याद हैं।

I remember her sorrowful eyes.

Adjective modifying a plural feminine noun 'आँखें'.

7

हम सब उस खबर से गमगीन थे।

We were all sorrowful from that news.

Using 'से' (from/by) to indicate the cause of sadness.

8

क्या तुम्हारा मन गमगीन है?

Is your mind/heart sorrowful?

Using 'मन' (mind/heart) as the subject.

1

हादसे के बाद पूरे गाँव का माहौल गमगीन था।

After the accident, the atmosphere of the whole village was sorrowful.

Using the common collocation 'गमगीन माहौल'.

2

उसकी विदाई के समय हर कोई गमगीन हो गया।

At the time of his farewell, everyone became sorrowful.

Using 'हर कोई' (everyone) as a singular subject.

3

यह कोई आम उदासी नहीं, वह सच में बहुत गमगीन है।

This is no ordinary sadness, he is truly very sorrowful.

Contrasting 'उदासी' (noun) with 'गमगीन' (adjective).

4

उसने अपनी गमगीन दास्तान सुनाकर सबको रुला दिया।

He made everyone cry by telling his sorrowful tale.

Using 'रुला दिया' (made cry) in conjunction with the adjective.

5

कमरे में एक अजीब सी गमगीन खामोशी छाई हुई थी।

A strange sorrowful silence had spread in the room.

Using 'छाई हुई थी' to describe a pervasive atmosphere.

6

मुझे समझ नहीं आ रहा कि वह अचानक इतनी गमगीन क्यों हो गई।

I don't understand why she suddenly became so sorrowful.

Complex sentence with a subordinate clause.

7

पत्रकार ने बहुत ही गमगीन स्वर में खबर पढ़ी।

The journalist read the news in a very sorrowful tone.

Using 'स्वर' (tone/voice) modified by 'गमगीन'.

8

हमेशा मुस्कुराने वाला इंसान आज इतना गमगीन कैसे हो सकता है?

How can a person who always smiles be so sorrowful today?

Using a descriptive relative clause 'हमेशा मुस्कुराने वाला'.

1

साहित्य में अक्सर बारिश को एक गमगीन प्रतीक के रूप में दर्शाया जाता है।

In literature, rain is often depicted as a sorrowful symbol.

Passive voice construction 'दर्शाया जाता है'.

2

उसकी गज़लों में जो गमगीन एहसास है, वह श्रोताओं के दिलों को छू लेता है।

The sorrowful feeling in his ghazals touches the hearts of the listeners.

Using a relative clause 'जो... वह' structure.

3

शोक सभा का माहौल इतना गमगीन था कि कोई एक शब्द भी नहीं बोल सका।

The atmosphere of the condolence meeting was so sorrowful that no one could speak a single word.

Using 'इतना... कि' (so... that) correlation.

4

पुरानी तस्वीरों को देखकर उसका मन पुरानी यादों में खोकर गमगीन हो उठता है।

Looking at old photos, his mind gets lost in old memories and becomes sorrowful.

Using 'हो उठता है' to indicate a sudden emotional rise.

5

युद्ध के बाद खंडहरों में तब्दील हुए शहर का नज़ारा बेहद गमगीन कर देने वाला था।

The sight of the city turned into ruins after the war was extremely saddening.

Using the adjectival phrase 'गमगीन कर देने वाला'.

6

उसने अपने गमगीन अतीत को भुलाकर एक नई शुरुआत करने का फैसला किया।

He decided to mak

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