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A2 adjective #4,000 가장 일반적인 10분 분량

सगा

saga 상위 4,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 सगा 30초 만에

설명 सगा in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are learning basic family words like 'bhāī' (brother) and 'behan' (sister). The word 'sagā' is a helpful addition because it helps you clarify your family tree. In many Hindi-speaking cultures, people call their cousins 'brother' or 'sister'. If you want to tell someone that you have the same mother and father as your brother, you say 'sagā bhāī'. It is like saying 'real' in English. You only need to remember three forms: 'sagā' for a boy, 'sagī' for a girl, and 'sagē' for more than one boy. It always comes before the family member's name. For example: 'He is my sagā brother.' This is a simple but very important word for introducing your family to others. It helps avoid confusion when you are talking about your house and who lives with you. Even at this early stage, knowing 'sagā' makes your Hindi sound much more authentic and clear to native speakers.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 'sagā' to distinguish between different types of relatives. You probably know that 'bhāī' can mean many things in India. By using 'sagā', you show that you understand the biological distinction. At this level, you should also practice the agreement: 'sagā bhāī', 'sagī behan', and 'sagē bhāī' (plural). You might also hear it in the phrase 'sagē-sambandhī', which means 'close relatives'. You can use this when talking about who you invited to a birthday party or a small dinner. It is also the level where you learn that 'sagā' is only for people, not for things. You wouldn't say 'sagā phone', you would say 'apnā phone'. Practice using 'sagā' in sentences like 'I have two real sisters' (Merī do sagī behnein hain). This helps you build a more detailed vocabulary for describing social circles and family bonds which are very important in Hindi-speaking cultures.

At the B1 level, you can explore the emotional and idiomatic uses of 'sagā'. While its primary meaning is biological, it is often used in conversations about loyalty. A common saying is 'Vah kisī kā sagā nahīn hai', which means 'He isn't loyal to anyone' or 'He doesn't care about anyone'. This shows that the word 'sagā' represents the highest level of trust and connection. If someone isn't even 'sagā' to their own family, they are considered very untrustworthy. You should also be comfortable using 'sagā' in the oblique case, where it becomes 'sagē' before postpositions (like 'ko', 'se', 'kā'). For example: 'Apne sagē bhāī ko batāo' (Tell your own real brother). You can also use it to contrast with 'sautelā' (step) or 'mamerā/chachērā' (cousin) in more complex stories or descriptions of family history. This level requires you to understand the social nuance that while everyone is a 'brother', only a few are 'sagē'.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the legal and societal implications of the word 'sagā'. In discussions about inheritance, property, or traditional rituals, 'sagā' is the defining term for primary rights. You will encounter this word in news reports or literature involving family disputes. For instance, 'sagē bhāiyon mein jhagṛā' (a fight between real brothers) is a common headline that emphasizes the tragedy of the conflict because 'sagē' relatives are supposed to be the closest allies. You should also be able to use the word in abstract contexts, such as 'sagā-pan' (a sense of belonging or kinship), though this is less common than 'apnā-pan'. At this level, your use of 'sagā' should be flawless in terms of grammar, and you should be able to explain the cultural importance of the biological bloodline in South Asian kinship systems, contrasting it with Western concepts of the nuclear family.

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At the C1 level, you will appreciate the subtle use of 'sagā' in classical Hindi literature and sophisticated cinema. Here, the word is often used to highlight themes of betrayal, identity, and the 'nature vs. nurture' debate. You might analyze texts where a 'sautelā' (step) character is more 'sagā' (loyal/true) in spirit than a biological one. This play on the word's literal and metaphorical meanings is a hallmark of advanced Hindi. You should also be aware of how 'sagā' functions in various dialects and how it relates to Sanskrit roots. In formal legal or academic Hindi, 'sagā' might be replaced by 'sahodar' (born from the same womb), and knowing the difference in register between these terms is essential. You can use 'sagā' to discuss complex sociological topics like the 'joint family system' and how modern urban life is changing the traditional definitions of 'sagē-sambandhī'.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'sagā', including its most obscure idiomatic uses and its weight in different social strata. You understand that in some contexts, calling a cousin 'sagā' might be a way of showing extreme affection, effectively 'promoting' them to the status of a full sibling. You are capable of using 'sagā' in high-level debates about genetics, ethics, and law. You can navigate the irony in phrases like 'Saga na ho, par sagē se baṛh kar ho' (Not blood-related, but more than a real one). Your understanding extends to the historical evolution of kinship terminology in Indo-Aryan languages, seeing 'sagā' as a survivor of ancient social structures. You can use the word to add precise emotional shading to your speech, knowing exactly when the biological emphasis of 'sagā' will strike the right chord or when it might sound too clinical or exclusionary.

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सगा 30초 만에

Means 'real' or 'full' blood relation.
Used mainly for siblings and close relatives.
Changes form: sagā (m), sagī (f), sagē (pl).
Contrasts with 'sautelā' (step) and 'chachērā' (cousin).

The Hindi word सगा (sagā) is a fundamental adjective used to denote the closest possible biological relationship between individuals. In a culture where family structures are often extended and complex, 'sagā' serves as a vital linguistic marker to distinguish between 'real' or 'full' blood relations and those that are step-relations, cousins, or honorary family members. When you use this word, you are specifying that two people share the same biological parents. For instance, while the word 'bhāī' (brother) can be used for a cousin or even a close friend, सगा भाई (sagā bhāī) explicitly means a biological brother from the same mother and father. This distinction is crucial in social, legal, and emotional contexts across the Hindi-speaking world.

Biological Precision: The primary function of 'sagā' is to eliminate ambiguity in kinship. In English, we might say 'full brother' to distinguish from a 'half-brother' or 'step-brother.' In Hindi, 'sagā' covers the 'full' aspect, emphasizing the shared womb and bloodline.
Emotional Weight: Beyond biology, 'sagā' carries a heavy emotional connotation of loyalty and belonging. To call someone 'sagā' implies an unbreakable bond. Conversely, the phrase 'apnā sagā' (one's very own) is used to highlight that someone is a true confidant or a loyal supporter, almost as if they were blood-related.

वह मेरा सगा भाई है, चचेरा नहीं। (He is my real brother, not a cousin.)

Example showing the distinction between blood brother and cousin.

In South Asian society, the concept of 'sagā' is also deeply tied to inheritance laws and traditional rituals. For example, during certain religious ceremonies like 'Raksha Bandhan' or 'Bhai Dooj', the role of a 'sagā bhāī' might be prioritized in traditional settings, although modern practices are more inclusive. The word changes its ending based on the gender and number of the noun it modifies: 'sagā' (masculine singular), 'sagī' (feminine singular/plural), and 'sagē' (masculine plural).

क्या वे तुम्हारी सगी बहनें हैं? (Are they your real sisters?)

Historically, the term originates from Sanskrit 'svaka', meaning 'one's own'. This root highlights the internal nature of the relationship. It isn't just about being related; it's about being 'of the self' or 'of the same essence'. In literature and cinema, 'sagā' is often contrasted with 'sautelā' (step-relation) to create dramatic tension, though in modern usage, people are increasingly sensitive about making such distinctions too harshly.

आजकल के ज़माने में कोई किसी का सगा नहीं है। (In today's times, no one is truly loyal to anyone.)

A common idiomatic expression about lack of loyalty.

Legal Context: In legal documents, 'sagā' is used to define primary heirs. If a person dies without a will, the 'sagē' relatives often have the first claim under various personal laws in India.

संपत्ति में सगे बच्चों का पहला हक़ होता है। (Real children have the first right to the property.)

Finally, it is worth noting that 'sagā' is rarely used for parents (as 'sagā mā-bāp' sounds redundant since parents are usually assumed to be biological unless specified as 'sautelā' or 'pālak'), but it is very common for siblings, uncles, and aunts to distinguish between blood and marriage relations.

Using सगा (sagā) correctly requires an understanding of Hindi adjective-noun agreement and the specific kinship terms it modifies. Because it ends in '-ā', it is a declinable adjective. This means its ending changes based on the gender, number, and case of the noun it qualifies. Mastering these variations is the first step to sounding like a native speaker.

Masculine Singular (सगा - sagā): Used when referring to one male blood relative, such as a brother (bhāī), son (beṭā), or uncle (chāchā/māmā). Example: 'Vah merā sagā bhāī hai' (He is my real brother).
Feminine Singular/Plural (सगी - sagī): Used for all female blood relatives, regardless of whether they are singular or plural. Example: 'Riya merī sagī behan hai' (Riya is my real sister) or 'Ye merī sagī behnein hain' (These are my real sisters).
Masculine Plural/Oblique (सगे - sagē): Used for multiple male relatives or in the oblique case (when a postposition follows). Example: 'Ve mere sagē bhāī hain' (They are my real brothers) or 'Apne sagē bhāī ko bulāo' (Call your real brother).

मेरे सगे चाचा विदेश में रहते हैं। (My real paternal uncle lives abroad.)

Note: In Hindi, 'chāchā' can also refer to a distant cousin of the father, so 'sagā' specifies the father's biological brother.

One interesting usage is the phrase सगे-संबंधी (sagē-sambandhī). This is a compound term used to refer to 'kith and kin' or 'close relatives'. While 'sambandhī' can mean any relative, adding 'sagē' emphasizes those who are very closely related by blood.

शादी में सिर्फ सगे-संबंधी ही आए थे। (Only close relatives came to the wedding.)

In negative sentences, 'sagā' is used to express betrayal or lack of loyalty. For example, 'Vah apnī mā kā bhī sagā nahīn huā' (He wasn't even loyal to his own mother) suggests a profound level of treachery. Here, 'sagā honā' means to be faithful or true to the bond of blood.

पैसे के लिए वह अपने सगे भाई से भी लड़ पड़ा। (For money, he even fought with his real brother.)

When writing, ensure you don't confuse 'sagā' with 'apnā'. 'Apnā' means 'one's own' in a possessive sense (e.g., my own house), while 'sagā' is strictly about the biological relationship. You can say 'merā apnā sagā bhāī' (my very own real brother) to add double emphasis, which is common in emotional speech.

The word सगा (sagā) is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking environments, appearing in everything from high-stakes legal dramas to everyday village gossip. Understanding where you'll encounter it helps in grasping its various shades of meaning, from literal biology to metaphorical loyalty.

In Family Gatherings: In large Indian families, cousins are often referred to as 'brothers' and 'sisters'. To clarify, someone might ask: 'Kyā vah tumhārā sagā bhāī hai?' (Is he your full/real brother?). This is the most common place to hear the word.
In Bollywood and TV Serials: Indian soap operas thrive on family drama. Themes of 'sagā vs. sautelā' (real vs. step) are central tropes. You will often hear dramatic dialogues like 'Vah merā sagā khūn hai!' (He is my own blood!).

फिल्मों में अक्सर सगे भाइयों के बिछड़ने की कहानी होती है। (In movies, there is often a story of real brothers getting separated.)

In legal and administrative settings, 'sagā' is used to define 'Class I heirs'. When applying for a 'Succession Certificate' or dealing with property registration, officials will ask for details of 'sagē vāris' (biological/real heirs). This ensures that the property stays within the immediate bloodline according to traditional laws.

कोर्ट ने सगे रिश्तेदारों की गवाही माँगी। (The court asked for the testimony of real/close relatives.)

You will also hear 'sagā' in political discourse and news. When a politician promotes their own family members, critics might say they are only looking out for their 'sagē-sambandhī' (kinfolk), implying nepotism. In this context, the word takes on a slightly negative, exclusionary tone.

उसने अपने सगे बेटे को ही नौकरी पर रख लिया। (He hired his own real son for the job.)

Lastly, in rural areas, 'sagā' is used to define 'birādarī' (community) ties. Sometimes 'sagā' is used to describe someone from the exact same sub-caste or lineage, though this is becoming less common in urban centers. In all these cases, 'sagā' acts as a boundary-maker, defining who is 'inside' the most intimate circle of trust and biology.

While सगा (sagā) seems straightforward, English speakers often trip up on its specific cultural nuances and grammatical requirements. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Hindi sound much more natural and precise.

Overusing it for 'Own': The most common mistake is using 'sagā' for inanimate objects. You cannot say 'merā sagā ghar' for 'my own house'. For objects, use 'apnā' (own) or 'nijī' (personal). 'Sagā' is strictly for human biological relationships.
Ignoring Gender Agreement: Many learners use 'sagā' as an invariable word. Remember: 'sagā bhāī' (male) but 'sagī behan' (female). Using 'sagā behan' is a glaring grammatical error that indicates a lack of gender awareness in Hindi.

Incorrect: वह मेरी ~~सगा~~ बहन है।
Correct: वह मेरी सगी बहन है।

Another mistake is using 'sagā' for cousins to mean 'first cousin'. In English, we distinguish between first and second cousins. In Hindi, a cousin is a 'bhāī' or 'behan' with a prefix (like 'mamerā' for mother's brother's son). 'Sagā' is *only* for siblings with the same parents. If you call your first cousin your 'sagā bhāī', a native speaker will assume you share the same father and mother.

वह मेरा चचेरा भाई है, सगा नहीं। (He is my paternal cousin, not my real brother.)

Lastly, learners often forget the plural form 'sagē'. When talking about 'real brothers', 'sagā bhāī' becomes 'sagē bhāī'. In the oblique case (with postpositions like 'ko', 'se', 'kā'), 'sagā' also changes to 'sagē'. For example: 'Apne sagē bhāī se pūchho' (Ask your real brother). Missing this 'e' ending makes the sentence sound 'broken'.

मैंने अपने सगे रिश्तेदारों को बुलाया। (I invited my real/close relatives.)

Note the plural 'sagē' matching 'rishtedāron'.

To avoid these mistakes, always ask yourself: Is this a biological blood relation? If yes, use 'sagā' and then check the gender and number of the person you are talking about.

Hindi has several words that touch upon the concepts of 'own', 'real', and 'related'. Understanding the differences between सगा (sagā) and its alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right context.

सगा (sagā) vs. अपना (apnā): 'Apnā' is a general possessive meaning 'one's own'. It can be used for things, people, or ideas. 'Sagā' is specific to blood relations. You can have an 'apnā dost' (your own friend), but not a 'sagā dost' (unless speaking metaphorically).
सगा (sagā) vs. असली (aslī): 'Aslī' means 'real' or 'authentic' in terms of quality or truth (e.g., 'aslī sonā' - real gold). While you can say 'aslī bhāī', it sounds more like you're talking about his character. 'Sagā' is the standard term for biological relation.
सगा (sagā) vs. निजी (nijī): 'Nijī' means 'private' or 'personal'. It is used for 'nijī māmlā' (personal matter) or 'nijī vāhan' (private vehicle). It is never used for blood relations.

वह मेरा सगा भाई है और मेरा अपना कारोबार भी है। (He is my real brother and I also have my own business.)

This sentence shows 'sagā' for person and 'apnā' for business.

In formal or poetic Hindi, you might encounter the word आत्मीय (ātmīya), which means 'one who is like one's own soul'. This is a much more elevated and emotional term than 'sagā', used to describe very close friends or beloved family members. While 'sagā' is biological, 'ātmīya' is spiritual.

The Opposite: सौतेला (sautelā): The direct antonym for 'sagā' in a family context is 'sautelā' (step). A 'sautelā bhāī' is a step-brother. In Hindi, there is also the word 'parāyā' (stranger/belonging to another), used to contrast with those who are 'apnē' (our own) or 'sagē'.

वह सगा नहीं, सौतेला भाई है। (He is not a real brother, but a step-brother.)

For cousins, remember the specific terms: 'chachērā' (father's brother's), 'mamerā' (mother's brother's), 'phupherā' (father's sister's), and 'mauserā' (mother's sister's). These are all alternatives to 'sagā' when you want to be precise about a relative who is not a full sibling.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The word 'sagāī' (engagement) comes from the same root, as it is the process of making someone 'one's own' family.

발음 가이드

UK /sə.ɡɑː/

US /sə.ɡɑ/

The stress is slightly more on the second syllable 'gā'.

라임이 맞는 단어

लगा (lagā) जगा (jagā) भगा (bhagā) ठगा (ṭhagā) दगा (dagā) पगा (pagā) मगा (magā) रगा (ragā)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 's' as 'sh'.
Shortening the final 'ā' to a neutral 'a'.
Confusing the 'g' with 'j'.

난이도

독해 2/5

Easy to read, common in all texts.

쓰기 3/5

Requires attention to gender/number agreement.

말하기 2/5

Natural to use once the concept is understood.

듣기 2/5

Very common in TV and movies.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

भाई (bhāī) बहन (behan) रिश्तेदार (rishtedār) अपना (apnā)

다음에 배울 것

सौतेला (sautelā) चचेरा (chachērā) ममेरा (mamerā) वारिस (vāris)

고급

सहोदर (sahodar) वंशज (vanshaj) आत्मीयता (ātmīyatā)

알아야 할 문법

Adjective Agreement with Gender

सगा भाई (M), सगी बहन (F).

Adjective Agreement with Number

सगा भाई (Sg), सगे भाई (Pl).

Oblique Case Transformation

सगे भाई को (before postposition 'ko').

Compound Noun Formation

सगे-संबंधी (combined for broader meaning).

Negation with Adjectives

वह मेरा सगा नहीं है।

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수준별 예문

वह मेरा सगा भाई है।

He is my real brother.

Masculine singular 'sagā' matches 'bhāī'.

मेरी एक सगी बहन है।

I have one real sister.

Feminine singular 'sagī' matches 'behan'.

क्या वे तुम्हारे सगे भाई हैं?

Are they your real brothers?

Masculine plural 'sagē' matches plural 'bhāī'.

यह मेरी सगी मौसी है।

This is my real maternal aunt.

Feminine 'sagī' matches 'mausī'.

सगा भाई घर पर है।

The real brother is at home.

Simple subject-adjective structure.

राहुल मेरा सगा बेटा है।

Rahul is my real son.

Used to clarify biological relationship.

सगी बहनें साथ खेलती हैं।

Real sisters play together.

Plural feminine usage.

मेरा सगा चाचा दिल्ली में है।

My real paternal uncle is in Delhi.

Distinguishes from father's cousins.

शादी में सिर्फ सगे रिश्तेदार आए।

Only close/real relatives came to the wedding.

'Sagē' matches the plural 'rishtedār'.

वह अपने सगे भाई से छोटा है।

He is younger than his real brother.

Oblique case 'sagē' because of postposition 'se'.

रीता और गीता सगी बहनें हैं।

Rita and Gita are real sisters.

Feminine plural agreement.

क्या वह तुम्हारा सगा बेटा है?

Is he your real son?

Clarification of biological bond.

मेरे सगे चाचा बहुत दयालु हैं।

My real paternal uncles are very kind.

Masculine plural 'sagē'.

सगा भाई होने के नाते मदद करो।

Help him, being his real brother.

Using 'nāte' (by virtue of).

उसकी तीन सगी बहनें हैं।

He has three real sisters.

Number agreement.

अपने सगे भाई को यहाँ बुलाओ।

Call your real brother here.

Oblique case 'sagē' because of 'ko'.

वह किसी का सगा नहीं है, उस पर भरोसा मत करो।

He is loyal to no one, don't trust him.

Idiomatic use for loyalty.

आजकल सगे भाई भी दुश्मन बन जाते हैं।

Nowadays, even real brothers become enemies.

Social observation.

वह अपने सगे माँ-बाप को भूल गया।

He forgot his own real parents.

Emphasizing betrayal of biological bond.

सगे-संबंधियों के बीच संपत्ति का विवाद है।

There is a property dispute among close relatives.

Compound term 'sagē-sambandhī'.

वह मेरी सगी बहन की तरह है।

She is like my real sister.

Metaphorical use with 'kī tarah'.

क्या तुम्हारे कोई सगे भाई-बहन हैं?

Do you have any real siblings?

Standard inquiry about siblings.

उसने अपने सगे बेटे के खिलाफ गवाही दी।

He testified against his own real son.

Oblique case 'sagē'.

सगे रिश्तेदारों को ही निमंत्रण दिया गया।

Only real/close relatives were invited.

Passive voice construction.

राजनीति में कोई किसी का सगा नहीं होता।

In politics, no one is truly loyal to anyone.

General philosophical statement.

सगे भाई होने के बावजूद उनके विचार नहीं मिलते।

Despite being real brothers, their thoughts don't match.

Using 'ke bāvujūd' (despite).

उसने अपनी सगी मेहनत से यह मुकाम पाया है।

He achieved this position through his own hard work. (Rare/Poetic)

Extended use for 'own/self'.

कानून सगे और गोद लिए बच्चों में फर्क नहीं करता।

The law does not distinguish between biological and adopted children.

Legal context.

वह अपने सगे भाई के लिए जान भी दे सकता है।

He can even give his life for his real brother.

Expressing extreme devotion.

सगे-संबंधियों ने मुश्किल समय में उसका साथ छोड़ दिया।

Close relatives abandoned him during difficult times.

Highlighting social disappointment.

वह अपने सगे चाचा की संपत्ति का वारिस है।

He is the heir to his real paternal uncle's property.

Inheritance context.

सगी बहनों के बीच का प्यार अटूट होता है।

The love between real sisters is unbreakable.

General truth statement.

वह सगा तो क्या, सौतेले भाई से भी बदतर निकला।

Forget being a real brother, he turned out worse than a step-brother.

Comparative rhetorical structure.

सगेपन का एहसास खून के रिश्तों से कहीं गहरा होता है।

The feeling of kinship is much deeper than just blood relations.

Using the noun 'sagāpan'.

उसने अपने सगे भाई के अधिकारों का हनन किया।

He violated the rights of his own real brother.

Formal/Legal vocabulary 'hanan'.

समाज में सगे रिश्तों की मर्यादा घटती जा रही है।

The sanctity of real relationships is declining in society.

Sociological commentary.

वह अपनी सगी माँ को भी पहचानने से इनकार कर रहा है।

He is refusing to even recognize his own biological mother.

Emphasizing psychological alienation.

सगे-संबंधियों की भीड़ में भी वह खुद को अकेला पाता है।

Even in a crowd of close relatives, he finds himself alone.

Literary/Poetic tone.

सगे भाई की गद्दारी सबसे ज़्यादा चुभती है।

The treachery of a real brother stings the most.

Abstract noun 'gaddārī'.

क्या सगा होना सिर्फ डीएनए का खेल है?

Is being 'real' just a matter of DNA?

Philosophical inquiry.

उसकी बातों में वह सगापन नहीं था जो पहले हुआ करता था।

His words lacked that sense of genuine kinship that used to be there.

Nuanced emotional description.

सगे और पराये का भेद मिटाना ही मानवता है।

Humanity lies in erasing the distinction between one's own and others.

High philosophical register.

विरासत की जंग में सगे भाई एक-दूसरे के खून के प्यासे हो गए।

In the battle for inheritance, real brothers became thirsty for each other's blood.

Idiomatic and dramatic expression.

सगे रिश्तों की डोर बहुत नाजुक होती है।

The thread of real relationships is very delicate.

Metaphorical usage.

वह सगा होकर भी पराया निकला।

Despite being a blood relative, he turned out to be a stranger/outsider.

Paradoxical construction.

सगेपन की ओट में उसने बड़ा धोखा दिया।

Under the guise of kinship, he committed a great betrayal.

Complex prepositional phrase 'kī oṭ mein'.

क्या सगा भाई होना ही वफादारी की गारंटी है?

Is being a real brother itself a guarantee of loyalty?

Rhetorical question.

सगे-संबंधियों के मोह-पाश से मुक्त होना कठिन है।

It is difficult to be free from the bond of attachment to kith and kin.

Sanskritized vocabulary 'moh-pāsh'.

자주 쓰는 조합

सगा भाई

सगी बहन

सगे-संबंधी

सगा रिश्तेदार

सगा बेटा

सगी माँ

सगा चाचा

सगे वारिस

सगा होना

सगापन

자주 쓰는 구문

सगे-संबंधी

— Refers to kith and kin or close relatives.

शादी में सभी सगे-संबंधी आए थे।

अपना सगा

— One's very own blood relative or a very loyal person.

वह तो मेरा अपना सगा है।

किसी का सगा न होना

— To be loyal to no one; to be untrustworthy.

यह आदमी किसी का सगा नहीं है।

सगे भाई-बहन

— Full siblings (same mother and father).

क्या तुम सगे भाई-बहन हो?

सगा भतीजा

— Real nephew (brother's biological son).

वह मेरा सगा भतीजा है।

सगी चाची

— Real paternal aunt (wife of father's biological brother).

मेरी सगी चाची बहुत अच्छी हैं।

सगे रिश्ते

— Close blood relationships.

सगे रिश्तों में दरार आ गई।

सगा खून

— One's own blood line.

आखिरकार वह मेरा सगा खून है।

सगा बेटा/बेटी

— Biological son or daughter.

वह उसकी सगी बेटी है।

सगा मामा

— Real maternal uncle (mother's biological brother).

मेरे सगे मामा कल आएँगे।

자주 혼동되는 단어

सगा vs अपना (apnā)

Apnā means 'own' (possessive), sagā means 'real' (biological).

सगा vs पक्का (pakkā)

Pakkā means 'firm' or 'best' (for friends), sagā is for blood.

सगा vs असली (aslī)

Aslī means 'authentic' or 'true', sagā is the specific kinship term.

관용어 및 표현

"किसी का सगा न होना"

— To be extremely selfish or disloyal, even to family.

पैसा किसी का सगा नहीं होता। (Money is loyal to no one.)

Common

"सगा भाई सगे भाई का दुश्मन"

— When even the closest relatives turn against each other.

ज़मीन के लिए सगा भाई सगे भाई का दुश्मन बन गया।

Literary/Dramatic

"सगेपन का दम भरना"

— To boast about one's closeness or loyalty to someone.

वह बहुत सगेपन का दम भरता है पर है नहीं।

Informal

"सगे-संबंधियों को पालना"

— To practice nepotism; to favor one's own kin.

मंत्री जी सिर्फ अपने सगे-संबंधियों को पाल रहे हैं।

Political/Informal

"सगा होकर भी पराया"

— Being related by blood but acting like a stranger.

मुसीबत में वह सगा होकर भी पराया निकला।

Emotional

"सगे से बढ़कर"

— Someone who is more loyal than a blood relative.

मेरा दोस्त मेरे सगे भाई से बढ़कर है।

Common

"सगे रिश्तों की बलि चढ़ाना"

— To sacrifice family bonds for personal gain.

उसने सत्ता के लिए सगे रिश्तों की बलि चढ़ा दी।

Dramatic

"सगा-सगा चिल्लाना"

— To keep emphasizing family ties to get a favor.

अब सगा-सगा चिल्लाने से क्या फायदा?

Informal

"सगे खून का पुकार"

— The natural instinct to help one's own family.

सगे खून की पुकार उसे वापस ले आई।

Poetic

"सगा नहीं तो क्या हुआ"

— Used to say that biological relation doesn't matter if there is love.

वह मेरा सगा नहीं तो क्या हुआ, प्यार तो पूरा है।

Common

혼동하기 쉬운

सगा vs सगाई (sagāī)

Similar sound and root.

Sagā is an adjective for relation; Sagāī is a noun for engagement ceremony.

वह मेरा सगा भाई है और कल उसकी सगाई है।

सगा vs सजा (sajā)

Only one letter difference.

Sagā (relation) vs. Sajā (punishment or decorated).

सगे भाई को सजा मिली।

सगा vs सगा (sagā) vs चचेरा (chachērā)

Both refer to 'brothers'.

Sagā is biological brother; Chachērā is paternal cousin.

वह सगा नहीं, चचेरा भाई है।

सगा vs सगा (sagā) vs सौतेला (sautelā)

Opposite meanings in the same category.

Sagā is full blood; Sautelā is step-relation.

सगे और सौतेले भाइयों में प्यार है।

सगा vs सगा (sagā) vs निजी (nijī)

Both mean 'personal/own'.

Sagā is for blood relations; Nijī is for objects or matters.

मेरा सगा भाई मेरे निजी कमरे में है।

문장 패턴

[Subject] [Possessive] सगा/सगी [Noun] है।

वह मेरा सगा भाई है।

क्या [Subject] [Possessive] सगा/सगी [Noun] है?

क्या वह तुम्हारी सगी बहन है?

[Subject] किसी का सगा नहीं है।

वह आदमी किसी का सगा नहीं है।

[Noun] में सगे [Noun] का पहला हक़ है।

संपत्ति में सगे बच्चों का पहला हक़ है।

सगा होकर भी [Subject] [Opposite Action] निकला।

सगा होकर भी वह गद्दार निकला।

सगेपन की भावना [Context] में दिखती है।

सगेपन की भावना उनके व्यवहार में दिखती है।

मेरे [Number] सगे/सगी [Noun] हैं।

मेरे दो सगे भाई हैं।

[Possessive] सगे-संबंधी [Place] में हैं।

मेरे सगे-संबंधी गाँव में हैं।

어휘 가족

명사

सगापन (sagāpan) - sense of kinship

सगाई (sagāī) - engagement (related root)

형용사

सगा (sagā) - real/blood-related

사용법

frequency

Extremely common in daily speech and media.

자주 하는 실수

वह मेरी सगा बहन है। → वह मेरी सगी बहन है।
The adjective must agree with the feminine noun 'behan'.
यह मेरा सगा कार है। → यह मेरी अपनी कार है।
'Sagā' is only for blood relations, not for inanimate objects.
मेरे सगा भाई यहाँ हैं। → मेरे सगे भाई यहाँ हैं।
If 'bhāī' is plural (indicated by 'hain'), 'sagā' must become 'sagē'.
वह मेरा सगा दोस्त है। → वह मेरा पक्का दोस्त है।
Friends are not blood-related; use 'pakkā' for a close friend.
अपने सगा भाई से पूछो। → अपने सगे भाई से पूछो।
Before a postposition like 'se', the adjective changes to the oblique form 'sagē'.

팁

Gender Matching

Always match the ending of 'sagā' with the noun. Sagā bhāī, sagī behan. This is the most important rule for beginners.

Beyond Siblings

Don't forget you can use it for uncles and aunts to distinguish them from your parents' cousins. 'Sagā māmā' is your mother's real brother.

Cousin Culture

In India, cousins are often called 'bhāī'. Use 'sagā' when you need to be specific about sharing the same parents.

Loyalty Check

Use the phrase 'kisī kā sagā na honā' to describe someone who is untrustworthy or extremely selfish.

Inheritance

In legal contexts, 'sagā' defines primary kinship, which is crucial for understanding inheritance rights in Hindi documents.

The Long 'ā'

Ensure the final 'ā' in 'sagā' is long and clear. If you shorten it, it might sound like 'sag' which is not a word.

Apnā vs Sagā

Use 'apnā' for things you own, and 'sagā' for people you are related to by blood. Never say 'sagā mobile'.

Emphasis

If you want to say someone is your 'very own' brother, say 'merā apnā sagā bhāī'. The combination of both words adds emotional depth.

Plural Forms

Remember that 'sagē' is used for plural brothers. Example: 'Mere do sagē bhāī hain'.

Root Word

Remember the root 'svaka' (own). This helps you connect 'sagā' with other words like 'svadesh' (own country).

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Saga' like a family 'Saga' - it's about the deep, biological story of your 'real' relatives.

시각적 연상

Imagine two identical drops of blood or a DNA strand connecting two people.

Word Web

Brother Sister Blood Real Biological Kinship Loyalty Family

챌린지

Try to name three people in your life who are your 'sagē' relatives and three who are not (using Hindi terms like chachērā).

어원

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'svaka' (स्वकीय), which means 'one's own'. Over centuries, through Prakrit, it evolved into the modern Hindi 'sagā'.

원래 의미: One's own; belonging to oneself.

Indo-Aryan

문화적 맥락

Be careful not to use 'sagā' in a way that devalues step-children or adopted children in modern sensitive contexts.

In English, we use 'full' or 'biological', but 'sagā' is used much more frequently in daily conversation in Hindi than 'biological' is in English.

The Bollywood trope of 'Do Sagē Bhāī' (Two real brothers) separated at birth. Legal terms in the Hindu Succession Act regarding 'full blood' vs 'half blood'. Common song lyrics emphasizing 'apnā sagā' (one's own true love/kin).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Family Introductions

यह मेरा सगा भाई है।
मेरी कोई सगी बहन नहीं है।
हम सगे भाई-बहन हैं।
वह मेरा सगा चाचा है।

Legal/Inheritance

सगे वारिसों की सूची।
सगा बेटा होने का प्रमाण।
सगे-संबंधियों का हक़।
सगे रिश्तों का विवाद।

Describing Loyalty

वह किसी का सगा नहीं।
सगा होकर भी धोखा दिया।
सगे से बढ़कर दोस्त।
सगापन दिखाना।

Weddings/Events

सिर्फ सगे लोग आएँगे।
सगे-संबंधियों को न्योता।
सगी मौसी की शादी।
सगे भाई का फर्ज।

Storytelling/Drama

सगे भाइयों की कहानी।
सगी माँ की तलाश।
सगा खून पुकारता है।
सगे-सौतेले का फर्क।

대화 시작하기

"क्या आपके कोई सगे भाई-बहन हैं?"

"आपके परिवार में सबसे सगा कौन है?"

"क्या आप सगे और चचेरे भाइयों में फर्क करते हैं?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि सगे रिश्ते सबसे ज़रूरी हैं?"

"आपके सगे-संबंधी कहाँ रहते हैं?"

일기 주제

अपने किसी सगे रिश्तेदार के बारे में लिखें जिससे आप बहुत प्यार करते हैं।

क्या कभी किसी सगे रिश्तेदार ने आपको निराश किया है? विस्तार से लिखें।

सगे भाई-बहन होने के क्या फायदे और नुकसान हैं?

भारतीय समाज में 'सगे-संबंधियों' का क्या महत्व है?

क्या एक दोस्त सगे भाई से बढ़कर हो सकता है? अपने विचार लिखें।

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, 'sagā' can apply to any blood relative, such as sisters (sagī behan), uncles (sagā chāchā), or even children (sagā beṭā). It is most commonly used for siblings to distinguish them from cousins.

Only metaphorically. If you say 'Vah mere sagē bhāī jaisā hai' (He is like my real brother), it's correct. Using 'Vah merā sagā bhāī hai' for a non-relative is factually incorrect but sometimes used to show extreme closeness.

'Apnā' is a general possessive word meaning 'one's own' (my own car, my own friend). 'Sagā' specifically refers to biological blood relations. You can say 'apnā sagā bhāī' for extra emphasis.

The word for step-brother is 'sautelā bhāī'. This is the direct opposite of 'sagā bhāī'.

It is rarely used for parents because 'mā' (mother) and 'bāp' (father) are assumed to be biological. However, you might hear 'sagī mā' in a story where a child was raised by a step-mother.

Yes, it is 'sagā' for masculine singular, 'sagī' for feminine (singular and plural), and 'sagē' for masculine plural or oblique cases.

It is a common phrase meaning 'kith and kin' or 'close relatives'. It is often used when talking about family gatherings or legal heirs.

Yes, in an idiomatic sense. 'Vah kisī kā sagā nahīn hai' means 'He is loyal to no one'. It implies that he doesn't even respect the bonds of blood.

It is a neutral word used in both everyday conversation and formal legal documents. It is the standard term for biological relationship.

You can say: 'Sampatti par sagē vāris kā adhikār hai' (The real heir has the right to the property).

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