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B1 particle 12분 분량

かかわらず

kakawarazu
예시 노트와 팁 かかわらず 30초 만에
설명 かかわらず in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'kakarazu' yourself, as it is quite formal. Instead, you usually learn simpler ways to say 'no matter what' or 'even if.' For example, you might use the '~te mo' form, like 'ame ga futte mo' (even if it rains). 'Kakarazu' is like a big brother to these simple forms. It means 'regardless of' something. Imagine you are at a party where everyone is welcome. Whether you are a boy or a girl, you can come. In high-level Japanese, they would say 'regardless of gender' using 'kakarazu.' For now, just remember that if you see this word, it means that the thing before it doesn't change the result. It's like saying 'It doesn't matter if...'.
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At the A2 level, you start to see 'kakarazu' in public signs or simple announcements. You might see it at a park or a museum. It often appears as 'ni kakawarazu.' A common example is 'tenkou ni kakawarazu' which means 'regardless of the weather.' This tells you that an event will happen even if it rains or shines. You should begin to recognize this pattern: [Noun] + ni kakawarazu. It is a more 'polite' or 'official' way of saying 'kankei naku' (without relation). While you might still use 'te mo' for your own sentences, being able to read 'kakarazu' on a poster or a website is a great step forward in your Japanese journey.
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B1 is the level where you should actively start using 'ni kakawarazu.' This is a key grammar point for the JLPT N3 exam. You use it to show that a condition has no effect on a situation. The most important thing at this level is learning the 'A ka B ka ni kakawarazu' pattern. For example, 'iku ka ikanai ka ni kakawarazu' (regardless of whether you go or not). This allows you to express more complex ideas in a professional way. You will also learn to distinguish it from 'ni mo kakawarazu' (despite). Remember: 'ni kakawarazu' is for general rules or future possibilities, while 'ni mo kakawarazu' is for specific things that actually happened. Using this word correctly will make your Japanese sound much more mature and prepared for business or academic settings.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'ni kakawarazu' in various grammatical structures, including with question words like 'doko' (where) or 'itsu' (when). For example, 'doko ni sunde iru ka ni kakawarazu' (regardless of where one lives). You should also understand its nuance compared to 'wo towazu.' While 'wo towazu' is mostly for written recruitment or formal rules, 'ni kakawarazu' is slightly more flexible and can be used to express a speaker's strong will or a logical conclusion. You will encounter this word frequently in news editorials, formal speeches, and business contracts. At this level, you should also be careful with the kanji '拘わらず' and know when it is appropriate to use it versus the hiragana version.
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At the C1 level, you are expected to understand the historical and stylistic nuances of 'kakarazu.' It comes from the classical negative 'zu' of the verb 'kakawaru.' You should be able to use it in complex argumentative writing to dismiss irrelevant variables. You will also encounter it in legal contexts, such as 'riyuu no ikan ni kakawarazu' (regardless of the reason), where it functions as a definitive, unyielding statement. You should be able to differentiate between 'ni kakawarazu,' 'ni yorazu,' and 'wo towazu' with precision, choosing the one that best fits the 'register' of your speech or writing. At this level, 'kakarazu' is not just a grammar point; it is a tool for structuring logical arguments and establishing a professional persona.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'kakarazu' and its variants. You can appreciate its use in classical-style modern Japanese and literary works. You understand how it contributes to the 'tone' of a text—providing a sense of cold objectivity or universal truth. You might use it in academic papers to define the parameters of a study, or in high-level negotiations to set firm boundaries. You are also aware of very rare or archaic variations like 'ikan ni kakawarazu' and can interpret them correctly in historical documents or legal statutes. For a C2 learner, 'kakarazu' is a seamless part of a vast repertoire of functional expressions, used with perfect accuracy and appropriate formality in any given situation.
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예시 노트와 팁

かかわらず 30초 만에

  • A formal way to say 'regardless of' or 'no matter.'
  • Commonly used in rules, job ads, and public signs.
  • Follows the pattern [Noun] + ni kakawarazu.
  • Often used with contrasting pairs like 'A ka B ka.'
The Japanese expression かかわらず (kakarazu), often seen in its full form as にかかわらず (ni kakawarazu), is a sophisticated particle construction that translates to regardless of, irrespective of, or no matter. At its core, this phrase functions as a linguistic equalizer, signaling that the preceding noun or condition has no influence on the outcome or the action described in the main clause. It is a vital tool for B1-level learners transitioning into more formal or professional Japanese, as it allows for the expression of universal rules, inclusive policies, and steadfast intentions. In the landscape of Japanese grammar, it belongs to the category of compound particles that establish a relationship of non-dependence between two ideas. When you use かかわらず, you are essentially drawing a line and saying, 'This specific factor—be it age, weather, nationality, or experience—does not change the facts of the situation.'
Semantic Range
It encompasses scenarios ranging from physical conditions (weather) to social categories (gender, age) and abstract concepts (intentions). It is inherently inclusive, suggesting that the scope of the statement is wide and unconditional.

理由の如何（いかん）にかかわらず、遅刻は認められません。

Regardless of the reason, tardiness will not be permitted.
One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in public notices or official documents. For instance, a park might have a sign stating that it is open 'regardless of the weather' (天候にかかわらず). In a societal context, it is frequently used in discussions about equality, such as 'regardless of gender' (性別にかかわらず). The word itself is derived from the verb 関わる (kakawaru), which means 'to be involved with' or 'to relate to.' By adding the classical negative suffix ず (zu), the meaning shifts to 'not involving' or 'not relating to.' This historical background helps explain why the word feels somewhat formal and objective. It is less about personal feelings and more about logical or administrative boundaries. In daily conversation, while you might hear it, it often sounds a bit stiff compared to more colloquial alternatives like '関係なく' (kankei naku). However, mastering かかわらず is essential for anyone aiming to work in a Japanese environment or read news reports. It provides a level of precision and authority to your speech. It is also important to distinguish it from its cousin, にもかかわらず (ni mo kakawarazu), which means 'despite' or 'although.' While they look similar, the presence of the particle 'mo' changes the meaning from 'regardless of a potential condition' to 'even though a specific fact exists.'
Usage Contexts
Used in job advertisements (regardless of experience), event planning (regardless of rain), and legal/policy statements (regardless of nationality).

経験の有無にかかわらず、どなたでも応募できます。

Anyone can apply, regardless of whether they have experience or not.
Understanding this word also opens up a window into Japanese social values, particularly the emphasis on fairness and the removal of bias in public spheres. By using かかわらず, speakers emphasize that a rule applies to the whole group universally, which is a key aspect of maintaining harmony (wa) in formal settings. Whether you are filling out a form, listening to a train announcement, or discussing company policy, かかわらず serves as a signal of impartiality and breadth.
Grammatically, かかわらず is most frequently paired with the particle に to form the compound particle にかかわらず. Its placement in a sentence follows specific patterns that are important to master for natural-sounding Japanese. The most common structure is [Noun] + にかかわらず. The noun used here is typically a concept that has multiple possibilities or a spectrum, such as age (年齢), weather (天候), or nationality (国籍). For example, '年齢にかかわらず' means 'regardless of age.' It implies that whether you are 8 or 80, the statement remains true.
The 'Dual' Pattern
A very common way to use this is with contrasting pairs, often followed by the particle 'ka'. The pattern is [A] か [B] かにかかわらず. For example: '行くか行かないかにかかわらず' (Regardless of whether you go or not). This explicitly covers both ends of a binary choice.

好きか嫌いかにかかわらず、この仕事はやらなければならない。

Regardless of whether you like it or hate it, you have to do this job.
Another sophisticated usage involves question words like 'どれ' (which), 'どこ' (where), or 'いつ' (when). In these cases, the pattern becomes [Question Word] + [Verb/Adjective] + かにかかわらず. For instance, 'どこに住んでいるかにかかわらず' (Regardless of where you live). This adds a layer of flexibility to your Japanese, allowing you to describe universal truths that transcend location, time, or specific identity. It is also worth noting the 'Whether or not' pattern using the noun suffix 'の有無' (no umu). You will often see '経験の有無にかかわらず' (regardless of the presence or absence of experience). This is standard in professional writing. The word can also follow nouns that already imply a range, such as '多少' (tashou - more or less) or '多寡' (taka - amount). '金額の多寡にかかわらず' means 'regardless of the amount of money.'
Verb Connection
When connecting directly to a verb, you use the [Dictionary Form] + か + [Negative Form] + か + にかかわらず. For example: '参加するしないにかかわらず、返信をください' (Please reply regardless of whether you will participate or not).

結果がどうであるかにかかわらず、全力を尽くしたことが重要だ。

Regardless of what the result is, the fact that you gave it your all is what's important.
When constructing sentences, remember that にかかわらず usually starts the clause that sets the condition, followed by the main statement. The tone is objective. If you want to say 'Regardless of my feelings, I did it,' you might use にかかわらず, but it sounds like you are analyzing yourself from the outside. For personal, emotional 'regardless,' Japanese people often prefer other expressions, but for logical or external conditions, にかかわらず is the gold standard. Finally, pay attention to the nouns that pair naturally with it. Words like '昼夜' (chuuya - day and night), '内外' (naigai - inside and outside), and '老若男女' (rounyakunannyo - men and women of all ages) are classic partners for にかかわらず, creating rhythmic and formal expressions of universality.
You are most likely to encounter かかわらず in environments where rules, policies, and public information are communicated. It is not a word you would typically use with close friends while hanging out at a cafe, but it is a word you will hear every day if you live or work in Japan. One of the primary 'habitats' for this word is the Japanese workplace. During morning meetings (chourei) or in company-wide emails, managers use it to describe policies: '売上の目標達成の有無にかかわらず、全員会議に出席してください' (Regardless of whether sales targets were met, everyone must attend the meeting). It establishes a sense of collective responsibility that is independent of individual performance.
Public Announcements
Train stations and airports are prime locations. You might hear: '列車の遅延の理由にかかわらず、払い戻しは窓口で承ります' (Regardless of the reason for the train delay, refunds are handled at the counter).

当施設は、年齢にかかわらずどなたでもご利用いただけます。

This facility can be used by anyone, regardless of age.
In the world of news and media, かかわらず is used to report on government decisions or social trends. A news anchor might say, '政府は、所得の多寡にかかわらず、すべての世帯に給付金を支給することを決定しました' (The government decided to provide benefits to all households, regardless of the amount of their income). Here, the word provides a necessary formal distance and objectivity. It is also common in academic lectures and non-fiction books, where authors discuss universal principles or scientific laws that apply 'regardless of the environment' (環境にかかわらず). Retail and service industries also use it extensively in their 'Terms and Conditions.' If you look at the back of a ticket or a warranty card, you will almost certainly find かかわらず. It defines the scope of the service. For example, '故障の原因にかかわらず、保証期間内であれば修理いたします' (Regardless of the cause of the malfunction, we will repair it if it is within the warranty period).
Cultural Nuance
The use of かかわらず often reflects the Japanese value of 'byoudou' (equality) in public service. It signals that the service provider is not discriminating based on individual circumstances.

国籍にかかわらず、平等な教育を受ける権利があります。

There is a right to receive an equal education, regardless of nationality.
Even in sports, coaches might use it to emphasize team spirit: '勝敗にかかわらず、最後まで走り抜こう' (Regardless of whether we win or lose, let's run to the very end). In this context, it serves as a motivational tool to focus on effort rather than just the outcome. By listening for this word, you can identify when a speaker is shifting from personal opinion to establishing a general rule or universal value.
The most frequent and confusing mistake learners make with かかわらず is conflating it with にもかかわらず (ni mo kakawarazu). While they share the same root, the addition of the particle も (mo) fundamentally changes the meaning and the grammatical context. にかかわらず (without 'mo') means 'regardless of'—it looks forward to multiple possibilities and says none of them matter. にもかかわらず (with 'mo') means 'despite' or 'even though'—it looks at a specific, often surprising, fact that has already happened or currently exists.
The 'Fact' vs. 'Condition' Error
Incorrect: 雨にかかわらず、試合は行われた。 (This sounds like 'regardless of the general concept of rain.')
Correct: 雨にもかかわらず、試合は行われた。 (Since it was actually raining, you must use 'mo' to mean 'despite the rain.')

× 努力したにかかわらず、失敗した。
○ 努力したにもかかわらず、失敗した。

Since 'exerting effort' is a specific fact that happened, 'ni mo kakawarazu' (despite) is required.
Another common error involves the nouns that precede it. かかわらず requires a noun that represents a variable or a category with multiple options. You cannot use a single, fixed point in time or a specific individual unless you are treating them as a category. For example, saying '私にかかわらず' (regardless of me) is grammatically awkward. Instead, you would say '私の意志にかかわらず' (regardless of my will) or '私個人に関係なく' (unrelated to me personally). A third mistake is using にかかわらず in situations that are too casual. While not 'wrong,' using it in a very informal setting can make you sound like a textbook or a legal document. In casual conversation with friends, 'に関係なく' (ni kankei naku) or just '〜でも' is much more natural. For example, '雨でも行くよ' (I'll go even if it rains) is better than '天候にかかわらず行きます' when talking to a friend.
The 'Ka' Omission
When using verbs, many learners forget to include the 'ka' (question particle).
Wrong: 行くに限らず... (This is a different grammar point entirely!)
Wrong: 行くに拘わらず... (Missing the 'ka' makes it unclear.)
Correct: 行くか行かないかにかかわらず...

経験があるかないかにかかわらず、研修を受けてもらいます。

Correct use of the 'aru ka nai ka' (whether or not) pattern.
Finally, watch out for the kanji. While often written in hiragana, the kanji is 拘わらず. However, because 拘 is a somewhat difficult kanji, it is frequently written in kana. Using the kanji in a very casual text might seem overly formal or 'try-hard.' Stick to hiragana unless you are writing a formal report or legal document where precision is paramount.
Japanese has several ways to express the idea of 'regardless' or 'irrespective of,' and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. The most direct synonym for にかかわらず is に関係なく (ni kankei naku). This is the 'workhorse' of the Japanese language. It literally means 'without relation to.' While にかかわらず is formal and objective, に関係なく is versatile and can be used in both formal and casual settings. If you are unsure which to use, に関係なく is usually a safe bet.
Comparison: にかかわらず vs. を問わず
を問わず (wo towazu): Means 'without questioning' or 'regardless of.' It is even more formal than にかかわらず and is almost exclusively used in written notices or public announcements. It is used with nouns that have a clear binary or set of categories (e.g., 男女を問わず - regardless of gender).
にかかわらず: Can be used with verbs and adjectives (using the ~ka ~ka pattern), whereas を問わず is almost always used with nouns.

昼夜を問わず、工事の音が響いている。

Regardless of whether it's day or night (very formal/written).
Another alternative is によらず (ni yorazu), which means 'not depending on.' This is used when you want to say that something is done without relying on a certain method or factor. For example, '見かけによらず' (regardless of appearance / don't judge by looks). This has a slightly different nuance, focusing more on the 'source' or 'method' rather than a general condition. There is also the grammar pattern ~はともかく (~wa tomokaku), which means 'setting aside A for now.' This is used when you want to ignore one factor to focus on another. For example, '味はともかく、見た目はいい' (Setting the taste aside, the appearance is good). This is not a direct synonym for 'regardless,' but it is used in similar communicative situations where you want to discount a certain variable.
Quick Comparison Table
  • にかかわらず: Formal, objective, works with verbs/nouns.
  • に関係なく: Neutral/Casual, very common, 'unrelated to.'
  • を問わず: Very formal, mostly written, 'without asking.'
  • にもかかわらず: 'Despite' (Don't confuse with 'regardless'!).

値段に関係なく、良いものは良い。

Regardless of price, good things are good (more natural in speech).
Finally, for very advanced learners, the expression 'いかんによらず' (ikan ni yorazu) exists, meaning 'regardless of how things are.' This is extremely formal and usually only found in legal texts or high-level literary works. Understanding these subtle differences allows you to tailor your Japanese to the specific social context, moving from the 'classroom' Japanese of にかかわらず to the 'real-world' Japanese of に関係なく and を問わず.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The kanji 拘 used for this word is the same one used in 'kodawaru' (to be obsessed with details). It's ironic that 'kakarazu' means 'regardless,' while 'kodawaru' means you care very much about specific details!

발음 가이드

UK /ni kɑːkɑːwɑːrɑːzuː/
US /ni kɑkɑwɑrɑzu/
None (Japanese is pitch-accented, not stress-accented). The pitch is generally flat or slightly drops at the end.
라임이 맞는 단어
Shirazu (without knowing) Tarazu (not enough) Owarazu (not ending) Yamazu (not stopping) Arazu (not being) Kawarazu (without changing) Torazu (not taking) Mizu (water/not seeing)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'zu' like 'zoo' with a heavy 'oo' sound. It should be a short, clipped 'u'.
  • Putting stress on the 'ka' syllables.

난이도

독해 3/5

The kanji 拘 is rare, but the hiragana is easy to recognize in context.

쓰기 4/5

Requires understanding of the contrastive 'ka... ka...' pattern.

말하기 4/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal.

듣기 3/5

Very common in announcements, making it easy to pick up once learned.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

関係 (kankei) 〜ても (te mo) 〜ない (nai) 理由 (riyuu) 天気 (tenki)

다음에 배울 것

〜を問わず (wo towazu) 〜にもかかわらず (ni mo kakawarazu) 〜に際して (ni saishite) 〜を巡って (wo megutte)

고급

〜いかんによらず (ikan ni yorazu) 〜をものともせず (wo mono tomo sezu) 〜をよそに (wo yoso ni)

알아야 할 문법

〜を問わず

男女を問わず、多くの人が参加した。

〜にもかかわらず

雨にもかかわらず、多くの人が来た。

〜に関係なく

好き嫌いに関係なく、食べなさい。

〜によらず

方法によらず、結果を出せばいい。

〜はともかく

値段はともかく、デザインが気に入った。

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수준별 예문

1

天気ににかかわらず、行きます。

Regardless of the weather, I will go.

Simple Noun + ni kakawarazu.

2

年齢にかかわらず、楽しいです。

Regardless of age, it is fun.

Noun + ni kakawarazu.

3

性別にかかわらず、入れます。

Regardless of gender, you can enter.

Noun + ni kakawarazu.

4

昼夜にかかわらず、働きます。

Regardless of day or night, I work.

Noun + ni kakawarazu.

5

国籍にかかわらず、友達です。

Regardless of nationality, we are friends.

Noun + ni kakawarazu.

6

大小にかかわらず、大切です。

Regardless of size, it is important.

Noun (contrasting pair) + ni kakawarazu.

7

好き嫌いにかかわらず、食べてください。

Regardless of likes or dislikes, please eat.

Noun (contrasting pair) + ni kakawarazu.

8

場所にかかわらず、勉強できます。

Regardless of the place, you can study.

Noun + ni kakawarazu.

1

この公園は、天候にかかわらず開いています。

This park is open regardless of the weather.

Formal announcement style.

2

経験の有無にかかわらず、募集しています。

We are recruiting regardless of whether you have experience.

Using 'no umu' (presence or absence).

3

理由にかかわらず、遅刻はだめです。

Regardless of the reason, being late is not allowed.

Setting a strict rule.

4

昼夜にかかわらず、工事をしています。

They are doing construction regardless of whether it is day or night.

Continuous action.

5

結果にかかわらず、頑張りましょう。

Regardless of the result, let's do our best.

Motivational usage.

6

金額にかかわらず、お礼を言います。

Regardless of the amount, I will say thank you.

Expressing gratitude.

7

大人か子供かにかかわらず、同じ料金です。

Regardless of whether you are an adult or a child, the fee is the same.

A ka B ka pattern.

8

場所の遠近にかかわらず、届けます。

Regardless of the distance of the place, we will deliver.

Using contrasting kanji 'en-kin'.

1

参加するしないにかかわらず、連絡をください。

Please contact us regardless of whether you will participate or not.

Verb dictionary form + shinai + ka ni kakawarazu.

2

本人の意志にかかわらず、転勤が決まった。

Regardless of his own will, the job transfer was decided.

Focusing on external decisions.

3

学歴にかかわらず、実力で評価されます。

Regardless of educational background, you are evaluated by your actual ability.

Meritocracy context.

4

雨が降るか降らないかにかかわらず、試合は行います。

Regardless of whether it rains or not, we will hold the match.

Full verb contrast pattern.

5

内容の良し悪しにかかわらず、報告してください。

Regardless of whether the content is good or bad, please report it.

Noun contrast 'yoshi-ashi'.

6

どこにいるかにかかわらず、インターネットは使えます。

Regardless of where you are, you can use the internet.

Question word + ka ni kakawarazu.

7

誰が言ったかにかかわらず、正しいことは正しい。

Regardless of who said it, what is right is right.

Focusing on the message, not the speaker.

8

忙しいかどうかにかかわらず、毎日運動します。

Regardless of whether I am busy or not, I exercise every day.

Adjective + ka dou ka pattern.

1

事の成否にかかわらず、挑戦することに意味がある。

Regardless of the success or failure of the matter, there is meaning in the challenge.

Formal noun pair 'sei-hi'.

2

国籍の如何にかかわらず、法は平等に適用される。

Regardless of nationality, the law is applied equally.

Formal 'no ikan ni kakawarazu'.

3

相手が誰であるかにかかわらず、礼儀を忘れてはいけない。

Regardless of who the other person is, you must not forget your manners.

Complex clause + ka ni kakawarazu.

4

周囲の反対にかかわらず、彼は自分の道を進んだ。

Regardless of the opposition from those around him, he followed his own path.

Showing strong determination.

5

事前の予約の有無にかかわらず、当日券を販売します。

Regardless of whether there is a prior reservation or not, we will sell same-day tickets.

Business/Service context.

6

彼が来るか来ないかにかかわらず、会議は１０時に始めます。

Regardless of whether he comes or not, the meeting will start at 10:00.

Stating a firm schedule.

7

多少にかかわらず、ご寄付をお願いいたします。

Regardless of the amount (large or small), we ask for your donation.

Using 'tashou' as a range noun.

8

それが真実であるかどうかにかかわらず、噂は広まってしまった。

Regardless of whether it was true or not, the rumor spread.

Abstract condition.

1

結果の如何にかかわらず、全責任は私が負う。

Regardless of the outcome, I will take full responsibility.

High-level formal responsibility.

2

宗教や信条の如何にかかわらず、人権は守られるべきだ。

Regardless of religion or creed, human rights should be protected.

Human rights/Legal context.

3

本人の自覚の有無にかかわらず、周囲に影響を与えている。

Regardless of whether the person is aware of it or not, they are influencing those around them.

Psychological/Social observation.

4

過去の経緯にかかわらず、新しい提携を模索すべきだ。

Regardless of past circumstances, we should seek a new partnership.

Business strategy context.

5

文脈の如何にかかわらず、その言葉は不適切である。

Regardless of the context, those words are inappropriate.

Absolute linguistic rule.

6

科学的根拠の有無にかかわらず、多くの人がそれを信じている。

Regardless of whether there is scientific evidence or not, many people believe it.

Sociological observation.

7

場所や時間にかかわらず、即座に対応できる体制を整える。

We will establish a system that can respond immediately regardless of place or time.

Organizational management.

8

損得にかかわらず、正しいと信じることを行うべきだ。

Regardless of profit or loss, one should do what they believe is right.

Ethical/Moral philosophy.

1

事態の推移の如何にかかわらず、我々の決意は揺るがない。

Regardless of how the situation develops, our determination will not waver.

Highly formal/Diplomatic tone.

2

対象の多寡にかかわらず、一律の基準で審査を行う。

Regardless of the quantity of subjects, the screening will be conducted based on uniform criteria.

Administrative/Scientific precision.

3

古今東西、時代の変遷にかかわらず、愛の本質は変わらない。

Throughout all ages and places, regardless of the transition of time, the essence of love remains unchanged.

Literary/Philosophical scope.

4

形式の如何にかかわらず、誠意を示すことが肝要である。

Regardless of the form it takes, showing sincerity is essential.

Focusing on the 'kan-you' (essential) point.

5

法律の適用の有無にかかわらず、道義的責任は免れない。

Regardless of whether the law applies or not, moral responsibility cannot be avoided.

Legal vs. Moral ethics.

6

情報の真偽にかかわらず、市場は敏感に反応する。

Regardless of the truth or falsehood of the information, the market reacts sensitively.

Economic/Market analysis.

7

敵味方の別にかかわらず、負傷者の救護を優先する。

Regardless of the distinction between friend and foe, priority is given to the rescue of the injured.

Humanitarian/War context.

8

事の大小にかかわらず、細部にまで注意を払うのが彼の流儀だ。

Regardless of the size of the matter, paying attention even to the details is his style.

Character description/Style.

자주 쓰는 조합

天候にかかわらず
年齢にかかわらず
性別にかかわらず
経験の有無にかかわらず
理由の如何にかかわらず
昼夜にかかわらず
勝敗にかかわらず
場所にかかわらず
成否にかかわらず
多少にかかわらず

자주 쓰는 구문

〜の有無にかかわらず

— Regardless of whether something exists or not. Commonly used for 'experience' or 'reservations.'

予約の有無にかかわらず、お越しください。

〜かどうかにかかわらず

— Regardless of whether it is [X] or not. Used for adjectives and conditions.

正しいかどうかにかかわらず、信じたい。

〜か〜かにかかわらず

— Regardless of whether it is A or B. Used for contrasting pairs.

行くか行かないかにかかわらず、教えて。

理由にかかわらず

— Regardless of the reason. Often used in strict rules or prohibitions.

理由にかかわらず、返金はできません。

結果にかかわらず

— Regardless of the outcome. Used to focus on the process or effort.

結果にかかわらず、私は満足だ。

状況にかかわらず

— Regardless of the situation. Used to show unwavering commitment.

どんな状況にかかわらず、助けに行く。

金額にかかわらず

— Regardless of the amount of money. Used in donations or fees.

金額にかかわらず、感謝いたします。

国籍にかかわらず

— Regardless of nationality. Used in discussions of human rights or inclusion.

国籍にかかわらず、平等に接する。

学歴にかかわらず

— Regardless of educational background. Used in job descriptions.

学歴にかかわらず、能力を重視する。

昼夜を問わず

— A very common idiomatic alternative meaning 'day and night.'

昼夜を問わず、働いている。

관용어 및 표현

"見かけによらず"

— Don't judge by appearances; contrary to how it looks.

彼は見かけによらず、歌が上手い。

Neutral
"年齢は数字にすぎない"

— Age is just a number (often used with 'regardless of age').

年齢にかかわらず、挑戦できる。年齢は数字にすぎない。

Informal
"雨降って地固まる"

— After the rain, the ground hardens (adversity makes you stronger, regardless of the difficulty).

困難にかかわらず、前を向こう。

Literary
"七転び八起き"

— Falling down seven times, getting up eight (regardless of how many times you fail).

失敗の回数にかかわらず、立ち上がる。

Neutral
"石の上にも三年"

— Three years on a stone (perseverance regardless of the hardship).

辛い状況にかかわらず、続けることが大事だ。

Neutral
"初心忘るべからず"

— Don't forget your original intention (regardless of how successful you become).

成功の如何にかかわらず、初心を忘れない。

Formal
"袖振り合うも多生の縁"

— Even a chance meeting is karma (valuing every encounter regardless of its brevity).

時間の長短にかかわらず、縁を大切にする。

Literary
"百聞は一見に如かず"

— Seeing once is better than hearing a hundred times (regardless of what you hear, seeing is believing).

噂の如何にかかわらず、自分の目で確かめる。

Formal
"終わり良ければすべて良し"

— All's well that ends well (regardless of the process, the end result matters).

途中の苦労にかかわらず、最後は笑いたい。

Neutral
"花より団子"

— Dumplings rather than flowers (valuing substance regardless of appearance).

見た目の良し悪しにかかわらず、実を取る。

Informal

어휘 가족

명사

関わり (kakawari) - connection/involvement

동사

関わる (kakawaru) - to involve/relate to
拘る (kodawaru) - to be fastidious/obsess (same kanji 拘)

관련

関係 (kankei) - relation
無関係 (mukankei) - unrelated
拘束 (kousoku) - restraint/restriction
拘留 (kouryuu) - detention
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

암기하기

기억법

'Kaka' sounds like 'caw' of a crow. Imagine a crow flying over everything 'regardless' of the fences below. 'Kaka-ra-zu' = Crow flies over, not caring!

시각적 연상

Imagine a large umbrella that covers everyone regardless of their size or what they are wearing. The umbrella is 'Ni Kakawarazu.'

Word Web

Regardless Irrespective Universal Equality Unconditional Formal Objective No matter

챌린지

Try to write three rules for your own imaginary country using 'ni kakawarazu.' For example: 'Regardless of species, all animals can vote.'

어원

Derived from the verb 関わる (kakawaru), which means to be involved or concerned with something. The suffix 'zu' is the classical Japanese negative form (equivalent to 'nai').

원래 의미: 'Not being involved with' or 'without being concerned by.'

Japonic

문화적 맥락

When used about people's personal struggles, it can sound a bit cold. Use 'ni mo kakawarazu' (despite) if you want to show more empathy for their effort.

The English 'regardless' can sometimes sound dismissive. In Japanese, 'ni kakawarazu' is more about establishing a broad, inclusive scope rather than being rude.

Found in the Japanese Constitution (regardless of race, creed, sex, social status...). Common in the 'Universal Declaration of Human Rights' Japanese translation.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Job Advertisements

  • 経験の有無にかかわらず
  • 学歴にかかわらず
  • 年齢にかかわらず
  • 国籍にかかわらず

Public Events

  • 天候にかかわらず
  • 場所にかかわらず
  • 参加人数にかかわらず
  • 予約の有無にかかわらず

Legal/Policies

  • 理由の如何にかかわらず
  • 金額にかかわらず
  • 過失の有無にかかわらず
  • 同意の有無にかかわらず

Sports/Competition

  • 勝敗にかかわらず
  • 結果の如何にかかわらず
  • 点差にかかわらず
  • 相手が誰かにかかわらず

Daily Discipline

  • 気分にかかわらず
  • 忙しいかどうかにかかわらず
  • 体調にかかわらず
  • 時間にかかわらず

대화 시작하기

"結果にかかわらず、今回のプロジェクトで学んだことは何ですか？ (Regardless of the result, what did you learn from this project?)"

"天候にかかわらず、必ず毎日やる習慣はありますか？ (Is there a habit you definitely do every day regardless of the weather?)"

"相手の立場にかかわらず、大切にしている態度はありますか？ (Is there an attitude you value regardless of the other person's position?)"

"値段にかかわらず、どうしても欲しいものはありますか？ (Is there something you want no matter the price?)"

"場所にかかわらず、どこでも寝られますか？ (Can you sleep anywhere regardless of the place?)"

일기 주제

今日の仕事の結果にかかわらず、自分が頑張ったと言える点はどこですか？

周囲の意見にかかわらず、自分が信じていることは何ですか？

忙しいかどうかにかかわらず、一日のうちで一番大切にしている時間はいつですか？

将来、どこに住むかにかかわらず、持ち続けたい趣味は何ですか？

他人の評価にかかわらず、自分が満足できる生き方とはどのようなものですか？

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

관련 콘텐츠

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