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B1 verb 9분 분량

刻む

kizamu

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 刻む 30초 만에

설명 刻む in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know 'kizamu' in its most basic physical sense: chopping food. Imagine you are helping a friend cook. They might say 'negi o kizande' (Please chop the green onions). At this stage, don't worry about engraving or time. Just focus on the image of a knife going up and down quickly on a cutting board. It's a useful word for basic kitchen tasks. You might see it on menus for things like 'kizami-nori' (shredded seaweed). Think of it as 'cut into tiny pieces'. Examples: 'Yasai o kizamimasu' (I chop vegetables). It's a simple action verb that helps you describe daily chores and food preparation in a very basic way.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the A2 level, you start to see 'kizamu' as a specific type of 'cutting'. You should distinguish it from 'kiru' (to cut). While 'kiru' is for anything, 'kizamu' is for mincing or fine chopping. You might use it when following a simple recipe in Japanese. For example, 'Ninniku o hosaku kizamimasu' (Chop the garlic finely). You also begin to see the noun form 'kizami' in food names. At this level, you might also encounter the word in the context of a clock ticking, though usually in very simple sentences like 'Tokei ga toki o kizamu' (The clock ticks time). It's about moving from general actions to more specific, descriptive actions.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with both the physical and the slightly abstract meanings of 'kizamu'. This is where you learn about 'engraving' or 'carving'. You can talk about engraving a name on a gift ('Namae o kizamu') or a date on a monument. You also start using the very common metaphorical expression 'kokoro ni kizamu' (to etch in one's heart). This is vital for expressing that a piece of advice or a memory is very important to you. You understand that 'kizamu' implies a sense of rhythm and permanence that 'kiru' does not. You can use it to describe the steady rhythm of music or the ticking of a clock in more complex narratives.

At the B2 level, 'kizamu' becomes a tool for more nuanced and literary expression. You can use it to describe historical impacts, such as 'rekishi ni na o kizamu' (carving one's name into history). You also understand the passive form 'kizamare-ru' and how it's used to describe things like wrinkles on a face ('kao ni kizamareta shiwa') or the scars of war on a city. You can discuss the 'rhythm' of a person's life or the way a specific event 'kizanda' (marked) a generation. Your usage moves beyond simple actions to describing the lasting effects of actions and the passage of time with a poetic touch.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, you master the subtle connotations of 'kizamu' in professional and artistic contexts. You can use it to discuss the precision of an artisan's work or the technical 'clock' of a computer processor. You understand its use in high-level literature to describe the rhythmic nature of prose or the 'sculpting' of a character's destiny. You can differentiate between 'kizamu' and other specialized verbs like 'shirusu' or 'horu' with ease, choosing the one that best fits the desired level of permanence and physical effort. You also recognize 'kizami' in historical contexts, like the shredding of tobacco or traditional textile patterns.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, 'kizamu' is a word you use with total fluidity in philosophical and highly abstract discussions. You might use it to describe how culture 'kizamu' (shapes/etches) the identity of a people over centuries. You can appreciate and use the word in classical-style poetry or sophisticated editorial writing to describe the 'ticking' of a nation's decline or progress. You understand the deepest etymological roots of the kanji and how the concept of 'marking time' and 'chopping wood' are fundamentally linked in the Japanese psyche. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, employing the word to add weight, rhythm, and permanence to your most complex thoughts.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

刻む 30초 만에

Kizamu is primarily used for mincing food, engraving surfaces, and describing the ticking of clocks.
It implies a repetitive, rhythmic action that creates small pieces or permanent marks.
Metaphorically, it is used to describe etching memories into the heart or making history.
It is a Godan verb, often paired with the particles 'o' for the object and 'ni' for the surface.

The Japanese verb 刻む (kizamu) is a multifaceted word that English speakers often find fascinating because it bridges the gap between the mundane physical world and the profound abstract world. At its most basic level, it refers to the physical act of cutting something into very small pieces. If you are in a Japanese kitchen, you will hear this word constantly in the context of food preparation. It is the go-to verb for mincing garlic, chopping onions finely, or shredding cabbage for tonkatsu. However, to limit 'kizamu' to the kitchen would be a grave mistake in your Japanese studies. The word carries a heavy sense of permanence and rhythm that extends into the realms of art, time, and human emotion.

The Culinary Context: In cooking, 'kizamu' implies a repetitive, rhythmic motion of a knife. It is distinct from 'kiru' (to cut), which is a general term. 'Kizamu' is specifically about making things smaller through repeated action. For example, 'negi o kizamu' means to finely chop green onions.
The Artistic Context: When a sculptor works on stone or a woodworker carves a pattern, they are 'kizamu'-ing. It refers to the act of engraving, carving, or incising. This usage carries a connotation of deliberate, careful effort to leave a lasting mark on a hard surface.

石に名前を刻む (Ishi ni namae o kizamu). - To engrave a name into stone.

Beyond the physical, 'kizamu' is used to describe the passage of time. A clock does not just 'move'; it 'kizamu' the seconds. This evokes the rhythmic 'tick-tock' sound of a mechanical clock, slicing time into measurable units. This leads into the most poetic usage: etching memories or feelings into one's heart or mind. When an experience is so profound that you will never forget it, you 'kizamu' it into your soul (kokoro ni kizamu). This implies that the memory is not just stored, but physically carved into your being, making it permanent and unchangeable.

歴史に名を刻む (Rekishi ni na o kizamu). - To carve one's name into history (make history).

In modern usage, you might also see it in technical contexts, such as 'clock cycles' in computing, or in music to describe a steady, driving beat. The common thread is always the rhythmic division of a whole into smaller, significant parts. Whether it is an onion, a piece of marble, a second of time, or a traumatic memory, 'kizamu' is the verb of choice for the Japanese speaker looking to convey precision and permanence.

Using 刻む (kizamu) correctly requires understanding its transitivity and the specific particles that accompany its various meanings. As a transitive verb (ta-doushi), it almost always takes the particle を (o) to indicate the object being chopped or engraved. However, the 'surface' upon which something is engraved is marked by the particle に (ni).

The Basic Particle Structure: [Object] を [Verb] (Standard chopping): 野菜を刻む (Chop vegetables).
[Object] を [Surface] に [Verb] (Engraving): 名前を指輪に刻む (Engrave a name into a ring).

When talking about time, the structure is usually 時を刻む (toki o kizamu). This is a set phrase used to describe the function of a clock. You might see this in a poetic description of a quiet room where only the ticking of a clock can be heard. In a more metaphorical sense, a person's life can 'kizamu' time through their experiences and milestones.

時計が静かに時を刻んでいる。 (Tokei ga shizuka ni toki o kizande iru). - The clock is quietly ticking away the time.

In the context of memories and emotions, the particle に (ni) is crucial. You are engraving the memory *into* your heart. '胸に刻む' (mune ni kizamu) or '心に刻む' (kokoro ni kizamu) are very common expressions. This is often used when someone gives you advice, or when you witness a life-changing event. It suggests a proactive effort to remember, rather than just passively experiencing something.

彼の言葉を深く心に刻んだ。 (Kare no kotoba o fukuku kokoro ni kizanda). - I etched his words deeply into my heart.

Another interesting use case is in the passive form, 刻まれる (kizamare-ru). This is frequently used for historical monuments or scars. '顔に刻まれたしわ' (kao ni kizamareta shiwa) refers to wrinkles etched into a face, suggesting they are the result of many years and experiences, much like lines carved into wood. This passive usage emphasizes the result of the process over the agent performing the action.

You will encounter 刻む (kizamu) in a variety of real-world settings, ranging from the extremely practical to the highly aesthetic. In everyday Japanese life, the most common place is undoubtedly the kitchen or on cooking shows. When a recipe calls for 'minced garlic' (kizami-ninniku) or 'finely chopped ginger' (kizami-shouga), the word 'kizami' (the noun form) is used as a prefix. If you are watching a Japanese cooking YouTuber, they will often narrate their actions by saying 'koko de negi o kizamimasu' (Now, I will chop the green onions).

In the Kitchen: Listen for it when people discuss 'chopped' toppings. For example, 'kizami-nori' (shredded seaweed) is a staple topping for many Japanese dishes like soba or donburi.
In Literature and Music: Song lyrics are filled with 'kizamu'. It is often used to describe the rhythm of a song (rizumu o kizamu) or the heartbeat (kodou o kizamu). It adds a poetic, visceral quality to the lyrics that a simpler word like 'utsu' (to hit) would lack.

ドラムが激しいリズムを刻んでいる。 (Doramu ga hageshii rizumu o kizande iru). - The drums are beating out a fierce rhythm.

You will also hear this word in historical or news contexts. When a new monument is unveiled, the reporter might say that the names of the victims are 'kizamarete-iru' (are engraved). Similarly, in sports news, if an athlete breaks a long-standing record, the commentator might say they have 'rekishi ni na o kizanda' (carved their name into history). This elevates the achievement from a mere statistic to a permanent mark on the timeline of human endeavor.

Lastly, in the world of traditional Japanese crafts, 'kizamu' is a technical term. Whether it is 'Edo-kiriko' (cut glass) or 'Inkan' (personal seals), the act of creating the intricate patterns is 'kizamu'. If you visit a workshop in Kyoto or Tokyo, the artisans will use this word to describe the precision required to carve beauty into wood, glass, or metal. Hearing 'kizamu' in this context conveys a sense of mastery and dedication to one's craft.

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make with 刻む (kizamu) is overusing it as a generic replacement for 'to cut'. In English, 'cut' is a very broad verb, but in Japanese, the choice of verb depends heavily on the *method* and the *result* of the cutting. Using 'kizamu' when you should use 'kiru' (切る) can sound very strange to a native speaker.

Mistake: Kizamu vs. Kiru: If you want to say 'I cut the paper', you must use 'kiru'. If you say 'kami o kizanda', it implies you shredded the paper into tiny pieces, perhaps with a shredder or scissors, which might not be what you meant. Use 'kizamu' only when the goal is to make many small pieces or a pattern.
Mistake: Particle Confusion: Beginners often confuse the particles を and に. Remember: を is the thing being carved (the name, the pattern), and に is the thing being carved *into* (the stone, the heart). Saying 'ishi o kizamu' (chop the stone) is different from 'ishi ni kizamu' (engrave into the stone).

❌ ケーキを刻む (Ke-ki o kizamu) - This sounds like you are mincing a cake, which is very odd.
✅ ケーキを切る (Ke-ki o kiru) - This is the standard way to say 'slice a cake'.

Another subtle mistake involves the figurative use of 'kizamu'. While '心に刻む' (etch in the heart) is common, you shouldn't use 'kizamu' for just any mental activity. For instance, you don't 'kizamu' a math formula to memorize it; you 'oboeru' (remember) or 'anki-suru' (memorize) it. 'Kizamu' is reserved for emotional, profound, or life-altering memories that 'leave a mark'.

Finally, be careful with the word 'kizami' when used as a noun. It can mean 'tobacco shreds' in historical contexts (kizami-tabako). If you use it out of context, people might be confused. Stick to the verb form until you are comfortable with the noun compounds like 'kizami-nori' or 'kizami-negi'.

To truly master 刻む (kizamu), you need to know how it compares to its synonyms. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for 'cutting' and 'marking', and choosing the right one provides clarity and sophistication to your speech.

切る (Kiru) vs. 刻む (Kizamu): 'Kiru' is the general verb for cutting. It can be a single slice (pan o kiru - slice bread) or a clean break. 'Kizamu' is the specific verb for chopping into small pieces or repeated cutting. Think of 'kiru' as 'to cut' and 'kizamu' as 'to mince/shred'.
彫る (Horu) vs. 刻む (Kizamu): 'Horu' is used for 3D carving, like making a statue or a relief. 'Kizamu' is used for engraving 2D information, like letters or fine patterns, onto a surface. If you are making a Buddha statue, you 'horu' it. If you are engraving your name on the base, you 'kizamu' it.
記す (Shirusu) vs. 刻む (Kizamu): 'Shirusu' means to write down or record. It is more about the act of recording information than the physical act of engraving. 'Kizamu' implies a much more permanent and physically demanding act of recording.

彫刻家が木を彫る (Choukokuka ga ki o horu) - The sculptor carves the wood (into a shape).
記念碑に日付を刻む (Kinenhi ni hizuke o kizamu) - Engrave the date on a monument.

In the context of 'ticking' time, you might also hear 打つ (utsu - to strike). A clock strikes the hour (kane o utsu), but it 'kizamu' the seconds. 'Kizamu' emphasizes the continuous, rhythmic flow, whereas 'utsu' emphasizes a single, impactful event. In music, 'kizamu' is used for the steady beat, while 'tataku' (to hit/drum) refers to the physical act of playing the instrument.

When choosing between these words, ask yourself: Is the action repetitive? Is it intended to be permanent? Is it creating small pieces or a pattern? If the answer is yes, 'kizamu' is likely your best choice.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

In ancient Japan and China, time was measured by burning incense or using water clocks that had 'notches' (kizami) to indicate intervals. This is why the same kanji is used for both 'chopping' and 'time' (時刻).

발음 가이드

UK /ki.za.mu/

US /ki.zɑ.mu/

Japanese is pitch-accented. In 'kizamu', the accent often falls on the second syllable 'za' (ki-ZA-mu).

라임이 맞는 단어

Isamu (brave) Nigamu (to feel bitter) Hagamu (to be jealous) Yugamu (to be distorted) Hezamu (not common) Kazamu (not common) Tazamu (not common) Mazamu (not common)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'za' as 'sa'. It must be voiced.
Elongating the 'u' at the end. It should be short.
Confusing with 'kisamu' which is not a word.
Using English 'chop' stress patterns.
Mispronouncing the 'ki' as 'kai'.

난이도

독해 3/5

The kanji is N3 level, but the verb is common in B1 contexts. Easy to recognize but has many meanings.

쓰기 4/5

The kanji '刻' is a bit complex to write correctly with the right stroke order.

말하기 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, and the 'te-form' is regular for Godan verbs.

듣기 3/5

Can be confused with 'kisamu' if not listening carefully to the voiced 'za'.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

切る (Kiru) 野菜 (Yasai) 時計 (Tokei) 心 (Kokoro) 名前 (Namae)

다음에 배울 것

彫る (Horu) 削る (Kezuru) 記す (Shirusu) 描写 (Byousha) 歳月 (Saigetsu)

고급

不磨の刻印 (Fuma no kokuin - Indelible mark) 千載一遇 (Senzai ichiguu - Once in a lifetime) 輪廻 (Rinne - Cycle of rebirth)

알아야 할 문법

Transitive Verbs (他動詞)

野菜を刻む (I chop vegetables).

Passive Form (受身形)

名が刻まれる (The name is engraved).

Te-form for Continuous Action

時を刻んでいる (It is ticking time).

Compound Verbs with -komu

心に刻み込む (To etch into the heart).

Adverbs modifying verbs

細かく刻む (Chop finely).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

野菜を刻みます。

I chop vegetables.

Basic verb form: [Object] o kizami-masu.

ねぎを刻んでください。

Please chop the green onions.

Te-form + kudasai for requests.

母はにんじんを刻みました。

My mother chopped the carrots.

Past tense: kizami-mashita.

たまねぎを細かく刻みます。

I chop the onion finely.

Adverb 'hosakaku' (finely) modifies the verb.

刻み海苔が好きです。

I like shredded seaweed.

Noun form 'kizami' used as a prefix.

包丁で刻みます。

I chop with a knife.

Particle 'de' indicates the tool used.

にんにくを刻みましょう。

Let's chop the garlic.

Volitional form: -mashou.

毎日野菜を刻んでいます。

I chop vegetables every day.

Present progressive: -te imasu.

しょうがを細かく刻んでください。

Please mince the ginger finely.

Focus on the adverb 'hosakaku'.

時計がカチカチと時を刻んでいる。

The clock is ticking away the time with a 'tick-tock'.

Onomatopoeia 'kachi-kachi' with kizamu.

この料理は野菜を刻むのが大変です。

Chopping vegetables for this dish is hard work.

Nominalizing the verb with 'no'.

名前を消しゴムに刻みました。

I carved my name into an eraser.

Particle 'ni' for the surface.

刻みねぎをラーメンにのせます。

I put chopped green onions on the ramen.

Kizami-negi as a compound noun.

もっと細かく刻んだほうがいいですよ。

You should chop it more finely.

Advice pattern: -ta hou ga ii.

おばあちゃんは漬物を刻んでくれました。

My grandmother chopped the pickles for me.

Benefactive auxiliary: -te kureta.

キャベツを刻む音が聞こえます。

I can hear the sound of cabbage being chopped.

Noun + ga kikoeru.

その言葉をしっかり心に刻んでおきなさい。

Etch those words firmly into your heart.

Idiom: kokoro ni kizamu.

指輪に二人の記念日を刻んだ。

We engraved our anniversary on the rings.

Using 'ni' for the location of engraving.

彼は木に美しい模様を刻んでいる。

He is carving a beautiful pattern into the wood.

Transitive usage for artistic patterns.

この時計は100年以上、時を刻み続けている。

This clock has been ticking away the time for over 100 years.

Verb stem + tsuzukeru (to continue).

旅の思い出を胸に刻んで帰国した。

I returned home with the memories of the trip etched in my heart.

Metaphorical use for memories.

石碑には亡くなった人の名前が刻まれている。

The names of the deceased are engraved on the stone monument.

Passive form: kizamarete iru.

ドラムが正確なリズムを刻んでいる。

The drums are beating out an accurate rhythm.

Musical context for rhythm.

新しい歴史を刻むために、彼は努力した。

He worked hard to make new history.

Idiom: rekishi o kizamu.

苦労が彼の顔に深いしわを刻んでいた。

Hardship had etched deep wrinkles into his face.

Abstract cause (hardship) leading to physical effect.

その悲劇は、人々の記憶に深く刻み込まれた。

That tragedy was deeply etched into people's memories.

Compound verb: kizami-komu (to etch into).

職人は一刀一刀、魂を込めて仏像を刻んだ。

The craftsman carved the Buddha statue, putting his soul into every single cut.

Emphasis on the process and spirit.

波が岩に奇妙な模様を刻みつけていた。

The waves were carving strange patterns into the rocks.

Compound verb: kizami-tsukeru (to carve onto).

彼は自分の名前を歴史の1ページに刻んだ。

He carved his name into a page of history.

Classic metaphorical expression.

時計の音だけが、静寂の中で時を刻んでいた。

Only the sound of the clock was ticking time in the silence.

Literary description of atmosphere.

失敗の悔しさを胸に刻み、次への糧とした。

He etched the frustration of failure into his heart and used it as fuel for the next step.

Using experience as growth.

伝統的な模様が、その陶器に細かく刻まれている。

Traditional patterns are finely engraved on that pottery.

Passive describing artistic detail.

その詩は、時代の閉塞感を鋭く刻み出していた。

That poem sharply carved out the sense of stagnation of the era.

Compound: kizami-dasu (to carve out/express).

彼の演奏は、聴衆の心に鮮烈な印象を刻みつけた。

His performance etched a vivid impression into the hearts of the audience.

Emphasis on the intensity of the impression.

長い年月が、古城の壁に歴史の重みを刻んでいる。

Long years have etched the weight of history into the walls of the old castle.

Personification of 'years' as the agent.

コンピュータのクロックが、ナノ秒単位で時を刻む。

The computer clock ticks time in units of nanoseconds.

Technical usage in computing.

作者は一語一語に、自らの信念を刻み込んでいる。

The author etches his own beliefs into every single word.

Metaphor for careful writing.

その彫刻は、光と影のコントラストを巧みに刻み取っている。

The sculpture skillfully carves out the contrast between light and shadow.

Compound: kizami-toru (to capture through carving).

都会の喧騒が、人々の表情に疲れを刻んでいく。

The hustle and bustle of the city etches fatigue onto people's expressions.

Describing the cumulative effect of environment.

彼は一歩一歩、大地に自らの足跡を刻みながら進んだ。

He moved forward, etching his footprints into the earth with every step.

Emphasis on the physical and symbolic journey.

言葉という刃で、彼は他者の尊厳を無慈悲に刻んだ。

With the blade of words, he mercilessly carved into the dignity of others.

Highly metaphorical and literary usage.

宇宙の悠久なる時間は、星々の死生を静謐に刻み続ける。

The eternal time of the universe continues to quietly tick away the life and death of stars.

Philosophical usage regarding cosmic time.

その古文書は、失われた文明の記憶を現代に刻み伝えている。

That ancient document etches and transmits the memories of a lost civilization to the present day.

Compound: kizami-tsutaeru (to etch and pass on).

運命の女神が、冷徹に彼の生涯の行く末を刻んでいった。

The goddess of fate coldly etched the future course of his life.

Personification of fate.

静寂を刻む雨音だけが、部屋の空気を震わせていた。

Only the sound of rain, ticking through the silence, made the air in the room tremble.

Using sound to 'carve' silence.

彼は自己のアイデンティティを、異文化との摩擦の中に刻み出した。

He carved out his own identity within the friction with foreign cultures.

Abstract identity formation.

その建築物は、都市のスカイラインに永遠の美を刻み込んでいる。

That building etches eternal beauty into the city's skyline.

Using architecture as a permanent mark.

生命の鼓動が、遺伝子という螺旋に情報を刻み続けている。

The beat of life continues to etch information into the helix known as genes.

Scientific metaphor.

자주 쓰는 조합

野菜を刻む

時を刻む

心に刻む

歴史に名を刻む

名前を刻む

リズムを刻む

しわを刻む

胸に刻む

細かく刻む

模様を刻む

자주 쓰는 구문

刻みねぎ

— Finely chopped green onions, a ubiquitous topping in Japanese cuisine.

刻みねぎをたっぷり入れる。

刻み海苔

— Shredded dried seaweed used as a garnish.

そばの上に刻み海苔を散らす。

一刻も早く

— As soon as possible (uses the 'koku' kanji from kizamu).

一刻も早く出発すべきだ。

深く刻まれる

— To be deeply etched or engraved, often used for memories or facial features.

その光景は目に深く刻まれた。

鼓動を刻む

— The beating of a heart, emphasizing the rhythm.

緊張で激しい鼓動を刻む。

足跡を刻む

— To leave footprints, often used metaphorically for one's legacy.

未踏の地に足跡を刻む。

文字を刻む

— To engrave characters into a surface.

石に文字を刻むのは難しい。

時間を刻む

— To mark or measure time.

正確に時間を刻む時計。

ステップを刻む

— To perform dance steps with a clear rhythm.

軽やかなステップを刻む。

記憶に刻む

— To etch something into one's memory.

この美しい景色を記憶に刻む。

자주 혼동되는 단어

刻む vs 切る (Kiru)

'Kiru' is for general cutting; 'Kizamu' is for mincing or engraving.

刻む vs 彫る (Horu)

'Horu' is for 3D sculpting; 'Kizamu' is for 2D engraving or rhythmic cutting.

刻む vs 削る (Kezuru)

'Kezuru' means to shave or whittle down; 'Kizamu' is to chop or notch.

관용어 및 표현

"胸に刻む"

— To take something to heart; to never forget a piece of advice or an event.

恩師の言葉を胸に刻んで生きていく。

Neutral/Formal

"歴史に名を刻む"

— To make a name for oneself in history; to achieve legendary status.

彼はオリンピックで歴史に名を刻んだ。

Neutral/Formal

"骨に刻む"

— To etch into one's very bones; used for deep resentment or unforgettable lessons (stronger than heart).

この恨みは骨に刻んでいる。

Literary/Intense

"一刻を争う"

— To be a matter of life and death; every second counts.

一刻を争う事態だ。

Neutral/Formal

"心に刻み込む"

— To deeply impress upon one's mind/soul.

平和の大切さを心に刻み込む。

Neutral

"歴史の1ページを刻む"

— To mark a new chapter in history.

新技術の開発は歴史の1ページを刻んだ。

Journalistic

"しわを刻む"

— To age significantly, usually due to hardship or laughter.

苦労が彼の額にしわを刻んだ。

Literary

"リズムを刻む"

— To maintain a steady beat, literally or metaphorically.

生活のリズムを刻むことが大切だ。

Neutral

"傷を刻む"

— To inflict a wound that leaves a scar, or to scar someone emotionally.

心に深い傷を刻んでしまった。

Literary

"時を刻む音"

— The sound of time passing, often used to emphasize silence or loneliness.

時を刻む音だけが聞こえる部屋。

Poetic

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刻む vs 割る (Waru)

Both involve dividing an object.

'Waru' is to split or break apart (like an egg or wood); 'Kizamu' is to cut into many small pieces.

卵を割る (Break an egg) vs. 野菜を刻む (Chop vegetables).

刻む vs 砕く (Kudaku)

Both result in small pieces.

'Kudaku' is to smash or crush; 'Kizamu' specifically uses a blade.

氷を砕く (Crush ice) vs. にんにくを刻む (Mince garlic).

刻む vs 記す (Shirusu)

Both can mean to record something permanent.

'Shirusu' is writing; 'Kizamu' is physical engraving or emotional etching.

ノートに記す (Write in a notebook) vs. 心に刻む (Etch in the heart).

刻む vs 撃つ (Utsu)

Both can describe a beat or rhythm.

'Utsu' is to strike or hit; 'Kizamu' is the rhythmic division of time or sound.

銃を撃つ (Shoot a gun) vs. リズムを刻む (Beat a rhythm).

刻む vs 剥く (Muku)

Both are kitchen verbs.

'Muku' is to peel; 'Kizamu' is to chop after peeling.

りんごを剥く (Peel an apple) vs. りんごを刻む (Chop an apple).

문장 패턴

[Food] を刻みます。

たまねぎを刻みます。

[Food] を細かく刻んでください。

にんにくを細かく刻んでください。

[Object] を [Surface] に刻む。

名前を石に刻む。

[Experience] を心に刻む。

思い出を心に刻む。

時を刻み続ける。

時計が時を刻み続ける。

[Result] が [Surface] に刻まれている。

しわが顔に刻まれている。

歴史に [Name] を刻む。

歴史に名を刻む。

[Abstract] を [Action] で刻み出す。

信念を言葉に刻み出す。

어휘 가족

명사

刻み (Kizami) - Chops, shreds

刻印 (Kokuin) - Seal, stamp

彫刻 (Choukoku) - Sculpture

時刻 (Jikoku) - Time, instant

동사

切り刻む (Kirikizamu) - To chop up

刻み込む (Kizamikomu) - To etch into

刻みつける (Kizamitsukeru) - To engrave onto

형용사

刻銘な (Kokumeina) - Clearly engraved (rare)

사용법

frequency

Common in cooking, literature, and news.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'kizamu' for a single slice of bread. → Pan o kiru.
'Kizamu' implies many cuts or fine pieces. Slicing bread is a single action.
Saying 'ishi o kizamu' when you mean 'engrave on stone'. → Ishi ni kizamu.
'Ishi o kizamu' sounds like you are chopping the stone into little bits like a vegetable.
Using 'kizamu' for writing a diary. → Nikki o kaku.
'Kizamu' is too physical and permanent for daily writing. It's for engraving or deep memories.
Confusing 'kizamu' with 'horu' for a big statue. → Zou o horu.
'Horu' is for the 3D shape; 'kizamu' is for the fine surface details or engraving.
Using 'kizamu' for cutting hair. → Kami o kiru.
'Kizamu' would mean you are shredding the hair into tiny dust-like pieces, which is not a haircut!

팁

Think of the Knife

Whenever you use 'kizamu', imagine the rhythmic up-and-down motion of a chef's knife. This will help you decide if it's the right word.

Particle Pairings

Remember: 'Object o Material ni kizamu'. This structure is essential for engraving contexts.

Emotional Weight

Use 'kokoro ni kizamu' when you want to show someone you are truly taking their advice seriously. It shows respect.

Noun Compounds

Learn 'kizami-nori' and 'kizami-negi' as single units. You'll see them on almost every Japanese menu.

Kizamu vs Kiru

'Kiru' is the 'what' (I cut it), 'kizamu' is the 'how' (I shredded/engraved it).

Onomatopoeia

Pair 'kizamu' with 'ton-ton' (chopping sound) or 'kachi-kachi' (ticking sound) to sound more natural.

Kanji Meaning

The 'knife' radical on the right of '刻' is your clue to its meaning. Look for it!

Song Lyrics

If you hear 'kizamu' in a J-pop song, it's almost certainly about a heartbeat or a memory.

Artistic Precision

In art, 'kizamu' implies fine detail. Use it when describing intricate engravings on jewelry or glass.

Visual Mnemonic

Imagine a clock face with notches. Each notch is a 'kizami' in time.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a **K**itchen **Z**one (**Kiz**) where you **A**lways **M**ake **U**niform pieces. Kiz-a-mu!

시각적 연상

Visualize a chef's knife hitting a cutting board in a perfect rhythm: 'ki-za-mu, ki-za-mu'.

Word Web

Kitchen Knife Clock Stone Memory Rhythm Pattern Fine

챌린지

Try to say 'negi o kizamu' ten times fast while mimicking a chopping motion. Then, point to your heart and say 'kokoro ni kizamu' with deep emotion.

어원

The kanji 刻 consists of 亥 (the twelfth zodiac sign, also representing a pig/boar) and 刀 (knife). Historically, it represented the act of using a knife to make marks or notches, originally for keeping records or counting.

원래 의미: To notch wood or bone for counting or recording information.

Sino-Japanese (On-reading: KOKU, Kun-reading: kizamu).

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities, but 'kizamu' can be used for 'inflicting wounds', so use with care in violent contexts.

English speakers often use 'carve' or 'etch', but 'kizamu' is more common for 'chop' than 'carve' is in English.

The song 'Toki o Kizamu Uta' (The Song that Ticks Away Time) from the anime Clannad. Traditional 'Inkan' (seals) which are 'kizamarete' with one's name. Haiku often use 'kizamu' to describe the seasons marking the land.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Cooking

みじん切りにする
細かく刻む
刻みねぎ
包丁で刻む

Poetry/Literature

時を刻む
胸に刻む
記憶に刻む
歴史を刻む

Art/Craft

名前を刻む
模様を刻む
石に刻む
深く刻む

Music

リズムを刻む
ビートを刻む
テンポを刻む
鼓動を刻む

Aging

しわを刻む
年月を刻む
苦労を刻む
顔に刻まれる

대화 시작하기

"料理で一番大変なのは、野菜を刻むことだと思いますか？ (Do you think the hardest part of cooking is chopping vegetables?)"

"心に刻んでいる大切な言葉はありますか？ (Is there a precious word/advice you keep etched in your heart?)"

"自分の名前を何かに刻んだことがありますか？ (Have you ever engraved your name on something?)"

"歴史に名を刻むとしたら、どんなことで刻みたいですか？ (If you were to carve your name into history, what would you want it to be for?)"

"時計が時を刻む音をどう感じますか？ (How do you feel about the sound of a clock ticking away time?)"

일기 주제

今日、新しく学んだことを心に刻むために、日記に詳しく書きましょう。 (Write in detail in your journal today to etch what you learned into your heart.)

あなたが「歴史に名を刻んだ」と思う人物について書いてください。 (Write about a person you think has 'carved their name into history'.)

静かな部屋で時を刻む音を聞きながら、今の気持ちを書き留めてください。 (While listening to the sound of time ticking in a quiet room, write down your current feelings.)

将来、自分の顔にどんな「しわ」を刻みたいですか？ (What kind of 'wrinkles' do you want to etch into your face in the future?)

大切な人からもらった言葉を、どうやって胸に刻んでいますか？ (How do you etch the words you received from someone important into your chest?)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Only if you are shredding it into tiny pieces. For normal cutting or cutting out shapes, use 'kiru'.

'Nori' is the whole sheet of seaweed. 'Kizami-nori' is that seaweed already shredded into thin strips for toppings.

Yes, it can be used metaphorically for the passage of time on any clock, but it strongly evokes the 'tick-tock' of mechanical ones.

No, that sounds like you are cutting the paper with the pen. Use 'kaku' (write) or 'shirusu' (record).

Yes, it's very common in daily life, especially regarding food and emotional experiences.

Usually 'hiki-niku', but the act of mincing it yourself can be 'niku o kizamu' (though 'minchi ni suru' is more common).

It means to perform an act so significant that it becomes a permanent part of history, like 'carving one's name into history'.

Yes, for engraving patterns or letters into wood. For making a chair, you'd use 'tsukuru' or 'kezuru'.

Yes, 'kizami' (刻み). It means 'shreds' or 'notches'.

It is '刻'. It is also used in 'jikoku' (time) and 'choukoku' (sculpture).

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