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調子が悪い

B1 phrase #2,000 가장 일반적인 7분 분량

調子が悪い

상위 2,000

At the A1 level, you should learn 'Choushi ga warui' as a simple phrase to say 'I don't feel well.' It is one of the most useful expressions for basic survival Japanese. Imagine you are in Japan and you feel a bit sick; you can tell your teacher or a friend 'Choushi ga warui desu.' You don't need to know the specific words for 'headache' or 'fever' yet. This phrase covers everything. It's like a 'magic phrase' for health. You can also use it for your phone if it stops working. Just point at your phone and say 'Choushi ga warui.' People will understand that something is wrong. At this level, focus on the polite form 'desu' at the end. Remember: Choushi (condition) + ga (particle) + warui (bad) + desu (is).

At the A2 level, you can start specifying *what* is in bad condition using the 'Noun + no + choushi ga warui' pattern. For example, 'Karada no choushi' (body condition) or 'Keitai no choushi' (phone condition). You should also learn the past tense 'Choushi ga warukatta desu' (I was in bad condition). This allows you to explain why you were absent from class or why you didn't answer a call. You might also notice people using 'Choushi ga ii' (good condition) as the opposite. At A2, you are expected to use this phrase in simple daily conversations about your health, your belongings, and your general daily rhythm. It's a key part of 'health talk' in Japanese culture.

At the B1 level, you should understand that 'Choushi ga warui' applies to performance and abstract states, not just physical health or broken objects. For instance, if you are studying Japanese and suddenly feel like you are forgetting everything, you can say 'Nihongo no choushi ga warui.' In sports, if you are playing tennis and keep hitting the net, your 'choushi' is bad. You should also be able to use the phrase with various conjunctions like 'node' (because) or 'noni' (although). For example: 'Choushi ga warui node, hayaku kaerimasu' (Because I'm not feeling well, I'm going home early). You should also begin to distinguish it from 'Guai ga warui,' which is more focused on the physical state of the body.

At the B2 level, you will encounter 'Choushi ga warui' in more professional or complex contexts. It might be used to describe the state of the economy, a business project, or a complex piece of machinery in a factory. You should be comfortable using the adverbial form 'Choushi waruku...' and understand the nuance of 'Choushi ga sugurenai' as a more formal alternative. You should also recognize the phrase in literature or news where it might describe the 'tone' of a social movement or the 'rhythm' of a story. At this level, you should be able to discuss the *reasons* for the bad condition using more advanced grammar, such as 'Choushi ga warui sei de' (Because of the bad condition - with a negative nuance).

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of the word 'Choushi' itself and how 'warui' interacts with it in idiomatic expressions. You should be able to use synonyms like 'Fuchou' (不調) or 'Teitai' (停滞 - stagnation) depending on the context. You should also understand the social implications of saying 'Choushi ga warui' in a high-context Japanese environment—often, it is used as a 'soft' refusal or a way to signal that one needs support without explicitly asking for it. You should be able to use the phrase in formal writing, perhaps choosing 'Taichou o kuzusu' (to break one's physical condition) for even more professional impact, while still knowing when 'Choushi ga warui' is the most natural choice for spoken discourse.

At the C2 level, you should be able to use 'Choushi ga warui' and its derivatives with native-level precision, including its use in metaphors and wordplay. You understand the historical etymology related to musical tuning and can apply this concept to describe the 'disharmony' in a complex system or a relationship. You are also aware of regional variations or extremely casual slang versions (like 'choushi-koiteru' which is related but has a very different meaning of 'getting carried away'). You can analyze the 'choushi' of a text—its rhythm and flow—and use the phrase to critique literature or speeches. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, knowing exactly when the simplicity of 'Choushi ga warui' is more powerful than a complex medical or technical term.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

調子が悪い 30초 만에

A versatile phrase meaning 'bad condition,' applicable to health, machines, and performance.
Essential for B1 learners to describe general malaise without needing specific medical vocabulary.
Grammatically simple: [Subject] + ga + choushi ga warui.
Culturally significant as a polite, vague way to explain absences or poor performance.

The phrase 調子が悪い (Choushi ga warui) is a cornerstone of Japanese daily communication, functioning as a versatile expression to describe anything that isn't functioning at its peak or intended state. At its core, choushi (調子) refers to the 'tone,' 'rhythm,' or 'condition' of a system, whether that system is biological, mechanical, or even abstract like the economy or a sports team's performance. When you add warui (悪い), meaning 'bad,' you are stating that the internal rhythm or state of that entity is off-balance.

Literal Breakdown: 調 (Chou) relates to 'investigate' or 'tune,' and 子 (Shi) acts as a noun suffix. Together, they imply the 'tuning' of an instrument. If an instrument is out of tune, its choushi is bad.

最近、胃の調子が悪いんです。(Recently, my stomach has been in bad condition/not feeling well.)

In a medical context, it is less specific than saying you have a 'disease' (病気). It suggests a general malaise, fatigue, or a specific organ not performing correctly. For example, if you have a headache or indigestion, you would say your choushi is bad. It is the go-to phrase for 'I'm not feeling 100%.'

このパソコン、また調子が悪いみたい。(This computer seems to be acting up again.)

Mechanical Context: When applied to machines, it means 'out of order,' 'glitchy,' or 'not running smoothly.' It implies the machine is still working but not correctly.

Furthermore, in the world of sports or work, it describes a 'slump.' If a baseball player cannot hit the ball as usual, their choushi is bad. It captures the essence of being 'off one's game.' This multi-layered utility makes it one of the most frequent phrases in the Japanese language, bridging the gap between physical health, mechanical reliability, and personal performance.

今日はどうも調子が悪い。ミスばかりしている。(I'm really not on my game today. I'm doing nothing but making mistakes.)

Using 調子が悪い correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility and its level of politeness. In its base form, it is a complete sentence meaning '(Something) is in bad condition.' However, it is most often used with a subject marked by the particle が (ga) or の (no) when modifying a noun.

Politeness Levels: Casual: 調子が悪い (Choushi ga warui)
Polite: 調子が悪いです (Choushi ga warui desu)
Very Polite: 調子が優れません (Choushi ga suguremasen)

車の調子が悪いので、修理に出します。(The car is in bad condition, so I'm taking it for repairs.)

When you want to specify *what* part of you or *what* object is failing, you place it before no choushi. For example: 体の調子 (body's condition), エンジンの調子 (engine's condition), インターネットの調子 (internet's condition). This structure is incredibly productive for learners because it allows you to complain about almost anything with a single grammatical pattern.

「どうしたの？」「ちょっとスマホの調子が悪いんだ。」('What's wrong?' 'My smartphone is acting up a bit.')

Another common variation is using the adverbial form 調子悪く (choushi waruku) to describe how something is happening. For instance, choushi waruku kikoeru means 'to sound like it's in bad condition.' However, the most frequent use remains the predicative form at the end of a sentence. You can also use it to describe people who are behaving oddly or are 'out of sorts' emotionally, though this is slightly more colloquial.

Tense Changes: Past: 調子が悪かった (It was in bad condition)
Negative: 調子が悪くない (It's not in bad condition - though 'Choushi ga ii' is more common)
Te-form: 調子が悪くて (Being in bad condition...)

昨日は調子が悪かったですが、今日は大丈夫です。(I was in bad condition yesterday, but I'm fine today.)

You will encounter 調子が悪い in almost every facet of Japanese life. It is perhaps most common in the workplace and in medical settings. In a Japanese office, if a printer is jamming or the Wi-Fi is slow, colleagues will mutter choushi ga warui na. It is a shared expression of frustration that doesn't necessarily blame anyone but acknowledges a technical hurdle.

会議室のプロジェクター、調子が悪いみたいですよ。(The projector in the meeting room seems to be acting up.)

In the morning, when neighbors or coworkers exchange greetings, if someone looks pale, they might be asked, Choushi wa dou desu ka? (How is your condition?). A common reply if one is tired or slightly ill is Chotto choushi ga warukute... (My condition is a bit bad...). This is a standard part of social grooming in Japan, where checking in on the 'state' of others is vital for maintaining wa (harmony).

Common Scenarios: 1. At the Clinic: Describing symptoms to a doctor.
2. At Home: Complaining about a microwave or fridge.
3. At the Gym: Explaining why you can't lift as much as usual.
4. In IT Support: Describing a software bug.

You will also hear it in anime and drama frequently. Characters use it to hide deeper emotional pain by blaming it on 'physical condition.' It's a culturally acceptable excuse for being quiet or withdrawn. If a character is depressed, they might simply say choushi ga warui to avoid a long conversation about their feelings.

「顔色が悪いよ？」「うん、ちょっと調子が悪いんだ。」('You look pale.' 'Yeah, I'm feeling a bit under the weather.')

While 調子が悪い is versatile, learners often overextend its meaning or confuse it with similar-sounding phrases. The most frequent mistake is using it to mean 'I am a bad person' or 'That person is evil.' Warui means bad, but choushi is about functional state, not moral character. To say someone is a bad person, you would simply say warui hito.

Confusion with 'Kibun': Learners often confuse Choushi ga warui with Kibun ga warui. While both can mean 'not feeling well,' Kibun ga warui specifically refers to nausea, feeling sick to one's stomach, or being in a bad mood. Choushi ga warui is much broader and refers to general physical condition or mechanical failure.

❌ 昨日は性格の調子が悪い友達に会った。
✅ 昨日は性格の悪い友達に会った。(I met a friend with a bad personality yesterday.)

Another mistake is using it for the weather. You cannot say tenki no choushi ga warui to mean the weather is bad. For weather, you must use tenki ga warui. Choushi requires a system that has a 'rhythm' or 'operation.' Weather is considered a natural phenomenon, not a tuned system in the same linguistic sense.

Finally, be careful with the particle. While ga is standard, using wa (choushi wa warui) changes the nuance to 'As for my condition, it is bad (implying other things might be okay).' For a general statement, stick to ga.

❌ 天気の調子が悪いから、散歩に行かない。
✅ 天気が悪いから、散歩に行かない。(Because the weather is bad, I won't go for a walk.)

Japanese has several ways to say 'bad condition,' each with a specific nuance. Understanding the difference between 調子が悪い and its synonyms will elevate your Japanese from functional to natural.

1. 具合が悪い (Guai ga warui): Very similar to choushi, but guai often refers to the physical 'fit' or 'arrangement' of things. It is more commonly used for health (physical state) than for abstract performance (like sports skill).

2. 不調 (Fuchou): This is the formal, noun version of choushi ga warui. You will see this in news headlines or medical reports. 'Karada no fuchou' (physical disorder).

彼は最近、体の不調を訴えている。(He has been complaining of physical poor health recently.)

Another related term is Kagen ga warui (加減が悪い). This is often used when talking about someone else's health politely, particularly the elderly. It refers to the 'degree' or 'adjustment' of one's health. O-kagen ikaga desu ka? is a very polite way to ask how someone is feeling.

3. 気分が悪い (Kibun ga warui): Focuses on internal feelings—either nausea or emotional displeasure. If you feel like you might throw up, use kibun, not choushi.

お腹が痛くて、具合が悪いです。(My stomach hurts and I'm in bad condition.)

How Formal Is It?

격식체

난이도

알아야 할 문법

수준별 예문

調子が悪い。 (Choushi ga warui.)

I don't feel well.

Casual form.

調子が悪いです。 (Choushi ga warui desu.)

I am in bad condition.

Polite form.

スマホの調子が悪い。 (Sumaho no choushi ga warui.)

My smartphone is acting up.

Noun + no + choushi.

調子が悪いですか？ (Choushi ga warui desu ka?)

Are you feeling unwell?

Question form.

今日は調子が悪い。 (Kyou wa choushi ga warui.)

Today, I'm not feeling well.

Topic marker 'wa'.

お腹の調子が悪い。 (Onaka no choushi ga warui.)

My stomach is in bad condition.

Specific body part.

カメラの調子が悪い。 (Kamera no choushi ga warui.)

The camera is not working right.

Mechanical use.

少し調子が悪い。 (Sukoshi choushi ga warui.)

I feel a little bit unwell.

Adverb 'sukoshi'.

昨日は調子が悪かったです。 (Kyou wa choushi ga warukatta desu.)

I was in bad condition yesterday.

Past tense.

パソコンの調子が悪いので、使えません。 (Pasokon no choushi ga warui node, tsukaemasen.)

The computer is acting up, so I can't use it.

Using 'node' for reason.

風邪で調子が悪い。 (Kaze de choushi ga warui.)

I feel bad because of a cold.

Particle 'de' for cause.

ずっと調子が悪いんです。 (Zutto choushi ga warui n desu.)

I've been feeling unwell for a long time.

Explanatory 'n desu'.

調子が悪くて、学校を休みました。 (Choushi ga warukute, gakkou o yasumimashita.)

I felt unwell and stayed home from school.

Te-form for connecting sentences.

テニスの調子が悪い。 (Tenisu no choushi ga warui.)

My tennis game is off today.

Performance context.

まだ調子が悪いですか？ (Mada choushi ga warui desu ka?)

Are you still feeling unwell?

Adverb 'mada'.

朝から調子が悪い。 (Asa kara choushi ga warui.)

I've felt bad since this morning.

Particle 'kara'.

最近、どうも胃の調子が悪い。 (Saikin, doumo i no choushi ga warui.)

Lately, my stomach has been somewhat out of sorts.

Use of 'doumo' for uncertainty.

エンジンの調子が悪い音がする。 (Enjin no choushi ga warui oto ga suru.)

The engine is making a sound like it's in bad condition.

Modifying 'oto'.

調子が悪い時は、無理をしないでください。 (Choushi ga warui toki wa, muri o shinaide kudasai.)

When you're not feeling well, please don't overdo it.

Using 'toki' (when).

インターネットの調子が悪くて、会議に参加できなかった。 (Intaanetto no choushi ga warukute, kaigi ni sanka dekinakatta.)

The internet was acting up, so I couldn't join the meeting.

Compound sentence with potential negative.

調子が悪いなりに、頑張りました。 (Choushi ga warui nari ni, ganbarimashita.)

I did my best, considering I wasn't feeling well.

Grammar 'nari ni' (in one's own way/given the circumstances).

ピアノの調子が悪いので、調律が必要です。 (Piano no choushi ga warui node, chouritsu ga hitsuyou desu.)

The piano is out of tune, so it needs tuning.

Musical context.

今日は何をやっても調子が悪い。 (Kyou wa nani o yatte mo choushi ga warui.)

No matter what I do today, I'm off my game.

Nani o yatte mo (no matter what I do).

体の調子が悪いのは、寝不足のせいかもしれない。 (Karada no choushi ga warui no wa, nebusoku no sei kamoshirenai.)

The reason I'm feeling unwell might be due to lack of sleep.

Using 'no wa... sei' (the reason is... because of).

景気の調子が悪くなると、失業者が増える。 (Keiki no choushi ga waruku naru to, shitsugyousha ga fueru.)

When the economy's condition worsens, unemployment increases.

Abstract use (economy).

彼はスランプで、ずっと調子が悪いままだ。 (Kare wa suranpu de, zutto choushi ga warui mama da.)

He's in a slump and his performance has remained poor.

Using 'mama' (remaining in a state).

機械の調子が悪い原因を突き止める。 (Kikai no choushi ga warui gen'in o tsukitomeru.)

To identify the cause of the machine's poor condition.

Noun modification.

調子が悪いと言いつつ、彼は仕事の手を抜かない。 (Choushi ga warui to iitsutsu, kare wa shigoto no te o nukanai.)

While saying he's not feeling well, he doesn't slack off on work.

Using 'iitsutsu' (while saying).

どうも最近、チーム全体の調子が悪いようだ。 (Doumo saikin, chiimu zentai no choushi ga warui you da.)

It seems the whole team has been off their game lately.

Collective subject.

胃の調子が悪いので、消化にいいものを食べます。 (I no choushi ga warui node, shouka ni ii mono o tabemasu.)

My stomach is upset, so I'll eat something easy to digest.

Logical result.

調子が悪いからといって、休んでばかりはいられない。 (Choushi ga warui kara to itte, yasunde bakari wa irarenai.)

Just because I'm not feeling well doesn't mean I can just keep resting.

Grammar 'kara to itte' (just because).

プロジェクトの調子が悪く、スケジュールが遅れている。 (Purojekuto no choushi ga waruku, sukejuuru ga okurete iru.)

The project is going poorly, and the schedule is falling behind.

Abstract use (project).

持病のせいで、時折体の調子が悪くなる。 (Jibyou no sei de, tokiori karada no choushi ga waruku naru.)

Due to a chronic illness, my physical condition occasionally worsens.

Use of 'jibyou' (chronic illness).

バイオリンの調子が悪いのは、湿度のせいだろう。 (Baiorin no choushi ga warui no wa, shitsudo no sei darou.)

The violin's poor tone is likely due to the humidity.

Specific environmental cause.

市場の調子が悪い時期は、投資を控えるべきだ。 (Ichiba no choushi ga warui jiki wa, toushi o hikaeru beki da.)

During periods when the market is performing poorly, one should refrain from investing.

Formal advice 'beki da'.

彼は体調の不調を隠して、舞台に立ち続けた。 (Kare wa taichou no fuchou o kakushite, butai ni tachitsuzuketa.)

He hid his poor physical condition and continued to perform on stage.

Using 'fuchou' as a noun synonym.

調子が悪いという自覚があるなら、早めに受診しなさい。 (Choushi ga warui to iu jikaku ga aru nara, hayame ni jushin shinasai.)

If you are aware that you are not feeling well, go see a doctor early.

Grammar 'jikaku' (self-awareness).

組織の調子が悪い時は、コミュニケーション不足が原因であることが多い。 (Soshiki no choushi ga warui toki wa, komyunikeishon busoku ga gen'in de aru koto ga ooi.)

When an organization is not functioning well, the cause is often a lack of communication.

Organizational context.

調子が悪いなりに最善を尽くすのがプロだ。 (Choushi ga warui nari ni saizen o tsukusu no ga puro da.)

A professional is someone who does their best even when they are not in top form.

Philosophical statement.

最近の彼は、どうも精神的な調子が悪いようだ。 (Saikin no kare wa, doumo seishinteki na choushi ga warui you da.)

Lately, it seems he is mentally out of sorts.

Mental health context.

万全の体制で臨んだはずが、肝心のところで調子が悪くなってしまった。 (Banzen no taisei de nozonda hazu ga, kanjin na tokoro de choushi ga waruku natte shimatta.)

I thought I was perfectly prepared, but at the crucial moment, things went wrong.

Complex sentence with 'hazu ga'.

社会の調子が悪い時には、極端な思想が流行りやすい。 (Shakai no choushi ga warui toki ni wa, kyokutan na shisou ga hayariyasui.)

When society is in a bad state, extreme ideologies tend to become popular.

Sociological context.

文体の調子が悪いと、読者に意図が伝わらない。 (Buntai no choushi ga warui to, dokusha ni ito ga tsutawaranai.)

If the rhythm of the writing style is off, the intent won't reach the reader.

Literary context (rhythm of prose).

心身の調子が悪い状態が続くと、生活の質が著しく低下する。 (Shinshin no choushi ga warui joutai ga tsuzuku to, seikatsu no shitsu ga ichijirushi ku teika suru.)

If a state of poor mental and physical health persists, the quality of life drops significantly.

Formal academic tone.

調子が悪いことを「不調」と一言で片付けるには、彼の状況は複雑すぎる。 (Choushi ga warui koto o 'fuchou' to hitokoto de katazukeru ni wa, kare no joukyou wa fukuzatsu sugiru.)

His situation is too complex to simply dismiss his poor condition as 'fuchou'.

Meta-linguistic analysis.

国家の調子が悪い兆候は、まず末端の行政に現れる。 (Kokka no choushi ga warui choukou wa, mazu mattan no gyousei ni arawareru.)

Signs that a nation is in a bad state first appear in the lowest levels of administration.

Political context.

調子が悪いなりに、その場を凌ぐ術を身につけている。 (Choushi ga warui nari ni, sono ba o shinogu jitsu o mi ni tsukete iru.)

He has mastered the art of getting by even when he is not in good form.

Nuanced survival skill.

彼は自身の調子が悪いことを悟られないよう、細心の注意を払っていた。 (Kare wa jishin no choushi ga warui koto o satorarenai you, saishin no chuui o haratte ita.)

He took meticulous care to ensure that no one realized he was not in good condition.

Passive potential 'satorarenai'.

자주 쓰는 조합

体の調子が悪い (Body condition is bad)

胃の調子が悪い (Stomach condition is bad)

機械の調子が悪い (Machine condition is bad)

エンジンの調子が悪い (Engine condition is bad)

インターネットの調子が悪い (Internet condition is bad)

仕事の調子が悪い (Work performance is bad)

パソコンの調子が悪い (PC condition is bad)

お腹の調子が悪い (Stomach/bowels condition is bad)

喉の調子が悪い (Throat condition is bad)

足の調子が悪い (Leg condition is bad)

자주 쓰는 구문

どうも調子が悪い (Somehow I'm not in good condition)

ずっと調子が悪い (Been in bad condition for a long time)

最近調子が悪い (Recently in bad condition)

急に調子が悪くなった (Suddenly got into bad condition)

調子が悪いみたい (Seems to be in bad condition)

調子が悪いせいか (Perhaps because of the bad condition)

調子が悪いと言って (Saying they are in bad condition)

調子が悪いので休む (Resting because of bad condition)

調子が悪い時は無理しない (Don't overdo it when in bad condition)

何となく調子が悪い (Feeling unwell for no particular reason)

자주 혼동되는 단어

調子が悪い vs 気分が悪い

Kibun is about nausea or mood; Choushi is about general state/operation.

調子が悪い vs 病気だ

Byouki is a specific illness; Choushi ga warui is a general feeling of being unwell.

調子が悪い vs 故障だ

Koshou is a complete breakdown; Choushi ga warui is 'acting up' or 'not smooth'.

관용어 및 표현

혼동하기 쉬운

調子が悪い vs

문장 패턴

어휘 가족

사용법

scope

Covers physical, mechanical, and abstract performance.

nuance

It's more about the 'flow' or 'operation' than a permanent break.

자주 하는 실수

Using it for bad weather.
Using it for a bad personality.
Confusing it with 'Kibun ga warui' (nausea).
Using it for a completely destroyed object (use 'kowarete iru' instead).
Forgetting the 'ga' particle in standard sentences.

팁

Vagueness is Key

In Japan, being vague about your illness is often seen as more polite than giving graphic details. 'Choushi ga warui' is the perfect tool for this.

Particle Choice

Using 'no' instead of 'ga' makes it a description: 'Choushi no warui PC' (The acting-up PC).

Machine Troubleshooting

If you are at a repair shop, start with 'Choushi ga warui n desu ga...' to explain that something is wrong with your device.

Checking In

Asking 'Choushi wa dou?' is a friendly way to ask 'How's it going?' or 'How are you feeling?'

Kanji Roots

Remembering that 'Chou' (調) is in 'Chousetsu' (adjustment) helps you remember it's about the 'tuned' state of things.

Medical Use

Doctors will often ask 'Doko no choushi ga warui desu ka?' (Which part is in bad condition?).

Athletic Slumps

If you aren't playing well, use this phrase to explain your lack of performance to your teammates.

IT Context

Use this for software bugs that don't crash the system but make it slow or buggy.

Formal Version

In very formal settings, 'Taichou o kuzushite orimasu' is the professional way to say you are unwell.

Morning Routine

If you wake up groggy, 'Asa wa choushi ga warui' is a common sentiment.

암기하기

어원

The word 'Choushi' originally comes from music, referring to the tuning or melody of an instrument.

문화적 맥락

Adding 'desu' is essential in almost all public interactions.

Used to avoid saying 'I'm sick' which might sound too serious.

Often used as a precursor to asking for a break or leaving early.

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"最近、体の調子はどうですか？ (How has your health been lately?)"

"パソコンの調子が悪いんだけど、見てくれる？ (My PC is acting up, can you take a look?)"

"今日はどうも調子が悪いみたいだね。大丈夫？ (You seem off today. Are you okay?)"

"車の調子が悪いから、歩いて行こうか？ (The car is acting up, shall we walk?)"

"お腹の調子が悪い時は何を食べますか？ (What do you eat when your stomach is upset?)"

일기 주제

今日、調子が悪いと感じたことはありましたか？ (Was there anything you felt was in bad condition today?)

機械の調子が悪くて困った経験を書いてください。 (Write about a time you were troubled by a machine acting up.)

調子が悪い時、どうやってリラックスしますか？ (How do you relax when you're not feeling well?)

最近の自分の「調子」を10点満点で評価してください。 (Rate your recent 'condition' out of 10.)

仕事や勉強の調子が悪い時、どうやって乗り越えますか？ (How do you get through times when work or study isn't going well?)

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10 질문

No, 'Choushi ga warui' only refers to condition or performance. To say someone has a bad personality, use 'seikaku ga warui'.

Yes, but use the polite form: 'Choushi ga warui desu' or 'Taichou ga suguremasen' for extra politeness.

Not exactly. It means 'not working well.' If a car won't start at all, it's 'koshou' (broken). If it starts but makes a weird noise, it's 'choushi ga warui'.

No. Use 'tenki ga warui' for bad weather.

The opposite is 'Choushi ga ii' (Good condition).

Yes, you can say 'Seishinteki ni choushi ga warui' (Mentally not in good condition).

They are both very common, but 'Choushi' is used more for machines and performance than 'Guai'.

It's better to say 'Taichou no warui hito' (A person in poor health) or 'Fuchou na hito'.

You can say 'Chotto choushi ga warui desu'.

Yes, 'Kaisha no choushi ga warui' means the company is not doing well.