B1 · 중급 챕터 38

Emphasis and Focus

4 총 규칙
1 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

배울 내용

Using particles to highlight specific parts of a sentence. Covers emphatic particles.

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

The 'Smile' Rule

If you aren't sure which particle to use, use 'der'. It's the safest, most polite way to end any statement and makes you sound friendly.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Emphatic Particles
💡

Listen First

Listen to how native speakers use particles in movies to understand the 'vibe'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Focusing Markers
💡

Use the pause

When speaking, pause slightly after the topic to let the listener know what you are focusing on.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Topicalization
💡

Listen for 'ເດ'

Pay attention to how native speakers use 'ເດ' to keep conversations going.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contrastive Focus

빠른 연습 (10)

Which sentence is topicalized?

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ເຂົ້າ, ຂ້ອຍກິນ
Topic-Comment structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Topicalization

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

ລາວມາແລ້ວແທ້ (should be engagement)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ລາວມາແລ້ວເດ
ເດ is for engagement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Focusing Markers

Fill in the blank to reassure your friend that the food isn't spicy.

ບໍ່ເຜັດ ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ດອກ
'Dok' is used in negative sentences to reassure or contradict.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Emphatic Particles

Fill in the blank with the correct particle.

ເຈົ້າໄປໃສ ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ເດ
ເດ is used for questions.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Focusing Markers

Which particle is used for topic shifting?

Which particle is for topic shifting?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ເດ
ເດ is for topic shifting.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contrastive Focus

Which particle makes this sentence a polite request?

ຊ່ວຍຂ້ອຍ ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ເດີ
'Der' is the standard polite softener for requests.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Emphatic Particles

Fill in the blank with the correct particle.

ຂ້ອຍມັກກາເຟ ___ ລາວມັກຊາ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ແຕ່
Used for contrast.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contrastive Focus

Fill in the topic.

___, ຂ້ອຍມັກກິນ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ໝາກໄມ້
Food is something you eat.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Topicalization

Fill in the blank.

ລາວໄປ ແຕ່ຂ້ອຍ ___ ຢູ່.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ກໍ
Emphatic inclusion.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Contrastive Focus

Correct the word order: 'ເດີ ໄປກ່ອນ'

Find and fix the mistake:

ເດີ ໄປກ່ອນ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ໄປກ່ອນເດີ
Particles must always go at the very end of the phrase.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Emphatic Particles

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

Yes! It's very common. For example, ລະເດີ (la-der) combines finality with politeness. Just ensure the order feels natural to a native ear.
Sort of, but not exactly. It's more like a 'politeness marker'. Lao has other words for 'please' (like ກະລຸນາ), but ເດີ is used much more frequently in daily life.
No, Lao particles are gender-neutral.
Yes, e.g., 'ແທ້ເດ' (truly, you know).
No. Passive voice uses 'ຖືກ' and changes the verb. Topicalization just moves the word.
Yes, but be careful. It is more common in speech.
이전 챕터
Reflexive and Reciprocal
다음 챕터
Expressing Certainty
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