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A2 adverb 15분 분량

por trás

예시
설명 por trás in your Level:
At the absolute beginner level (A1), your primary goal in learning Portuguese is to navigate the physical world around you. You need to know how to describe where things are located. The phrase 'por trás' is introduced early on as a fundamental building block for spatial awareness. It simply means 'behind'. Imagine you are in a room and you cannot find your shoes. Someone might point and say they are 'por trás da porta' (behind the door). At this stage, you do not need to worry about the complex metaphorical meanings. Your focus should be on pairing 'por trás' with the preposition 'de' and learning the basic contractions: do (de + o), da (de + a), dos (de + os), and das (de + as). Practice pointing to objects in your house and describing their location using this phrase. For example, 'A cadeira está por trás da mesa' (The chair is behind the table). This simple, repetitive practice will cement the phrase in your memory and give you the confidence to give and receive basic directions. Remember that 'trás' has an accent mark on the letter 'a'. This is important for your early writing exercises. Keep it simple, focus on physical objects, and use it to describe your immediate environment.
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As you progress to the A2 level, your sentences become slightly more complex, and you start describing actions and movements rather than just static locations. You already know that 'por trás' means 'behind', but now you will learn to use it with verbs of motion. Instead of just saying where an object is, you can describe how someone or something moves. For instance, 'O menino correu por trás da casa' (The boy ran behind the house). This shows a trajectory. You will also start encountering the independent use of the phrase, where it isn't followed by 'de' and a noun because the context is obvious. If you are watching a game and a player is pushed, you might hear 'Ele empurrou por trás' (He pushed from behind). At this level, you should be very comfortable with the contractions (do, da, dos, das) and start using pronouns, like 'por trás de mim' (behind me) or 'por trás dele' (behind him). This is also the stage where you must strictly avoid the common mistake of confusing 'trás' with 'traz' (the verb 'to bring') in your writing. Practice describing past events and physical interactions using 'por trás' to build your descriptive fluency.
Reaching the B1 intermediate level marks a significant shift in how you use 'por trás'. You are no longer restricted to physical space; you are now entering the realm of abstract thought and metaphor. At this stage, 'por trás' becomes a powerful tool to discuss the 'why' and 'how' of situations. You will use it to talk about the hidden reasons, the underlying motives, or the people secretly controlling an event. For example, 'Qual é a verdadeira razão por trás dessa regra?' (What is the true reason behind this rule?). You will also learn common idioms, most notably 'falar por trás', which means to talk behind someone's back or gossip. This is essential for navigating social situations and understanding interpersonal dynamics in Portuguese-speaking cultures. You will frequently hear this phrase in news broadcasts, podcasts, and casual conversations discussing politics, office dynamics, or personal relationships. Your goal at B1 is to seamlessly transition between the literal, spatial meaning (the cat is behind the sofa) and the figurative meaning (the CEO is behind the new strategy). Reading news articles and opinion pieces will heavily reinforce this abstract usage.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your use of 'por trás' should be natural, fluid, and culturally aware. You understand all its grammatical forms and metaphorical applications, and now you are focusing on nuance and register. You will use it to articulate complex arguments, analyze situations deeply, and express sophisticated opinions. You might discuss the 'ideologia por trás do movimento' (the ideology behind the movement) or the 'ciência por trás da descoberta' (the science behind the discovery). At this level, you should also be highly aware of synonyms and know when to use them. You understand the subtle difference between 'atrás' (often just static location or time) and 'por trás' (often implying something hidden, shielded, or the root cause). You can comfortably use expressions like 'por trás dos panos' (behind the scenes) when discussing theater, politics, or business. Your writing should reflect perfect orthography, never confusing 'trás' with 'traz', and correctly applying all prepositional contractions. You can engage in debates and discussions, using 'por trás' to peel back the layers of an argument and examine the core issues, demonstrating a high level of linguistic maturity and cultural integration.
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At the C1 advanced level, 'por trás' is fully integrated into your expansive vocabulary, and you use it with the precision and flair of an educated native speaker. You are capable of employing it in highly formal, academic, or professional contexts without hesitation. You understand its role in complex syntactical structures and can use it to create nuanced rhetorical effects. For instance, in an academic essay, you might analyze 'as forças socioeconômicas por trás da revolução' (the socioeconomic forces behind the revolution). You are also adept at using it in literary contexts, appreciating how authors use spatial metaphors to convey psychological states. You recognize the subtle emotional weight the phrase can carry, whether it implies malicious deceit (acting behind someone's back) or steadfast support (standing behind a friend). At this level, you can also manipulate the phrase for stylistic purposes, perhaps placing it at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis: 'Por trás de toda grande fortuna, há um crime' (Behind every great fortune, there is a crime). Your mastery of 'por trás' at C1 demonstrates your ability to navigate the deepest currents of the Portuguese language, understanding not just what words mean, but how they shape thought and perception.
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At the C2 mastery level, your command of 'por trás' is indistinguishable from that of a highly articulate native speaker. You possess an intuitive, almost instinctive grasp of its every shade of meaning, historical connotation, and stylistic potential. You can effortlessly weave it into complex, spontaneous discourse, whether you are delivering a keynote speech, writing a sophisticated literary critique, or engaging in rapid-fire, culturally dense banter. You understand the etymological roots of the phrase and how it relates to broader spatial linguistics in Romance languages. You can play with the phrase, inventing novel metaphors or subverting traditional idioms for comedic or dramatic effect. You are acutely aware of the sociolinguistic dimensions, knowing exactly how the phrase might be used differently across various Portuguese-speaking regions, from the streets of Lisbon to the boardrooms of São Paulo. At C2, 'por trás' is no longer just a vocabulary item to be learned; it is an organic extension of your expressive capability in Portuguese, a tool you use unconsciously to dissect reality, reveal hidden truths, and articulate the most profound and complex aspects of the human experience with absolute precision and elegance.
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예시
The Portuguese expression 'por trás' is an incredibly versatile and essential adverbial phrase that translates directly to 'behind', 'from behind', or 'at the rear' in English. Understanding how to use this phrase is absolutely crucial for any Portuguese learner who wishes to accurately describe spatial relationships, physical positioning, and even metaphorical concepts involving hidden motives or underlying causes. When we analyze the phrase linguistically, it consists of the preposition 'por' (meaning through, by, or for) and the adverb 'trás' (meaning behind or back). Together, they form a locution that indicates something is located at the back of something else, or an action is occurring from a position behind an object or person. In everyday conversations, native speakers utilize this expression continuously to navigate their physical environments. For instance, if you are looking for your misplaced keys, someone might tell you they are 'por trás do sofá' (behind the sofa). This spatial application is the most fundamental usage and is typically introduced early in language learning journeys. However, the true beauty of 'por trás' lies in its extensive metaphorical applications. Just as in English, where we talk about the 'man behind the curtain' or the 'reason behind the decision', Portuguese speakers use 'por trás' to refer to the hidden forces, secret orchestrators, or underlying explanations of various phenomena. When investigating a mysterious event, a detective might ask 'Quem está por trás disso?' (Who is behind this?). This dual nature of the phrase—serving both as a practical tool for physical navigation and a sophisticated instrument for abstract reasoning—makes it deeply embedded in the Portuguese linguistic landscape.
Spatial Usage
Used to describe the physical location of an object or person that is situated at the back of another entity, often requiring the preposition 'de' when followed by a noun.

O jardim fica por trás da casa principal.

Furthermore, the expression is frequently encountered in workplace environments, political discussions, and interpersonal relationships. If someone is secretly manipulating a situation, they are said to be acting 'por trás dos panos' (behind the scenes/curtains). This specific idiom is highly prevalent in journalism and storytelling.
Metaphorical Usage
Refers to hidden intentions, secret orchestrations, or the fundamental reasons that explain why a particular event occurred or a decision was made.

A verdadeira intenção por trás do projeto era financeira.

It is also important to note the psychological dimension of the phrase. When people talk about feeling supported, they might say someone is standing right behind them. Conversely, speaking poorly of someone when they are not present is described as talking 'por trás', which carries a strong negative connotation equivalent to 'behind someone's back' in English.

É feio falar por trás dos seus amigos.

The grammatical flexibility of 'por trás' allows it to function independently as an adverb of place or as part of a prepositional phrase. When used independently, it implies the reference point is already understood from the context. For example, 'Ele atacou por trás' (He attacked from behind).
Independent Usage
Functions as a standalone adverb indicating direction or position without needing to specify the object, provided the context makes the reference point clear.

O carro foi atingido por trás durante o acidente.

Mastering this phrase will significantly enhance your ability to describe the world around you in Portuguese. It bridges the gap between simple spatial descriptions and complex abstract thoughts.

A surpresa estava escondida por trás da porta.

In conclusion, whether you are giving directions, discussing the plot of a complex thriller movie, or gossiping about office politics, 'por trás' is a structural pillar of Portuguese vocabulary that you will encounter and utilize on a daily basis.
Constructing sentences with 'por trás' requires a solid grasp of Portuguese prepositions and spatial grammar rules. The most critical rule to remember is that when 'por trás' is followed by a specific noun or pronoun to indicate what something is behind, it must be connected using the preposition 'de'. This combination forms the prepositional phrase 'por trás de'. Because Portuguese heavily utilizes contractions, this 'de' will frequently contract with definite or indefinite articles that precede the noun. For example, 'de' + 'o' becomes 'do', 'de' + 'a' becomes 'da', 'de' + 'os' becomes 'dos', and 'de' + 'as' becomes 'das'. This means you will very rarely see 'por trás de o carro'; instead, it will always be 'por trás do carro'.
Contractions with Definite Articles
Always contract the preposition 'de' with the following article. Use 'do' for masculine singular, 'da' for feminine singular, 'dos' for masculine plural, and 'das' for feminine plural.

O cachorro se escondeu por trás da árvore.

Let us explore the sentence structure more deeply. A typical sentence follows the Subject-Verb-Adverbial Phrase pattern. 'O menino' (The boy) + 'está' (is) + 'por trás da porta' (behind the door). This structural simplicity makes it relatively easy for English speakers to adopt, as it directly mirrors the English 'is behind the'. However, learners must pay careful attention to the verb choices that accompany 'por trás'. Verbs of state and location, such as 'estar' (to be temporarily) and 'ficar' (to be located/to stay), are extremely common. Verbs of motion, such as 'vir' (to come), 'ir' (to go), and 'passar' (to pass), are also frequently paired with it to describe trajectories.
Verbs of Motion
When used with verbs of motion, 'por trás' often indicates the path taken, translating to 'around the back' or 'from behind'.

Eles entraram por trás do prédio para evitar a multidão.

Another important grammatical structure involves using 'por trás' as a standalone adverb without the preposition 'de'. This occurs when the object of reference is already established or when describing an action that happens from a rearward direction. For instance, in a sports context or describing an accident, one might say 'Ele foi empurrado por trás' (He was pushed from behind). Here, 'por trás' modifies the verb 'empurrado' directly.
Standalone Adverbial Use
Modifies the verb directly to indicate direction or position without needing a subsequent noun phrase, often translating to 'from behind'.

O jogador sofreu uma falta por trás.

Não fale por trás, seja honesto e fale na minha frente.

When dealing with abstract concepts, the sentence structure remains the same, but the nouns change to ideas, events, or situations. 'A história por trás da música' (The story behind the song) is a perfect example of a noun phrase where 'por trás da' connects two nouns to explain the origin or secret meaning.

Existe um grande mistério por trás deste quadro antigo.

Practicing these structures—with contractions, with pronouns, as standalone adverbs, and in metaphorical contexts—will provide you with a comprehensive mastery of how to deploy 'por trás' effectively in any Portuguese conversation.
The phrase 'por trás' is ubiquitous in Portuguese-speaking environments, echoing through streets, offices, homes, and media broadcasts on a daily basis. To truly master a language, one must understand the contextual landscapes where specific vocabulary thrives. First and foremost, you will hear 'por trás' extensively in everyday domestic life. Families use it constantly when organizing spaces, looking for lost items, or describing the layout of a house. A mother might tell her child that the toys are 'por trás da cama' (behind the bed), or a host might direct a guest to the bathroom located 'por trás da cozinha' (behind the kitchen). This spatial utility makes it one of the first phrases you will encounter when visiting a Portuguese-speaking country and asking for directions.
Domestic and Spatial Contexts
Extremely common in households and street navigation for locating objects, rooms, or buildings relative to other structures.

A vassoura está guardada por trás da porta da lavanderia.

Moving beyond the home, the media and entertainment sectors are heavy users of the metaphorical 'por trás'. In news reporting, investigative journalists frequently discuss the individuals or corporations 'por trás' of a political scandal or a major economic decision. Documentaries and reality television shows often feature segments called 'Por trás das câmeras' or 'Por trás dos bastidores', which translates to 'Behind the cameras' or 'Behind the scenes'. This usage highlights the phrase's ability to denote revelation and transparency, peeling back the layers of a public facade to reveal the hidden truth.
Media and Journalism
Utilized to expose hidden truths, discuss the creators of a project, or provide behind-the-scenes access to the public.

O documentário mostra a realidade por trás da indústria da moda.

In sports, particularly football (soccer), which is a cultural pillar in countries like Brazil and Portugal, 'por trás' is a critical term used by commentators and fans. It is frequently employed to describe fouls or tackles. A 'carrinho por trás' (sliding tackle from behind) is a highly penalized offense, and you will hear sports announcers vehemently debating whether a player was struck 'por trás'.

O árbitro deu cartão vermelho pela falta por trás.

Finally, in the realm of psychology and interpersonal relationships, 'por trás' is used to discuss human behavior and motivation. Therapists, advice columnists, and everyday people discussing their feelings will explore the emotions 'por trás' of an angry outburst or a sudden life change. It is also the go-to phrase for discussing betrayal, as in 'falar por trás' (talking behind someone's back) or 'agir por trás' (acting behind someone's back).
Psychology and Relationships
Employed to analyze the underlying emotional drivers of behavior or to describe deceitful actions taken without someone's knowledge.

Precisamos entender o trauma que está por trás desse comportamento agressivo.

Eu não confio nele, ele sempre faz as coisas por trás.

By immersing yourself in these diverse contexts, from the mundane task of finding lost keys to the dramatic analysis of a football foul or a psychological breakthrough, you will develop a rich, intuitive grasp of when and how to deploy 'por trás' like a true native speaker.
When learning the Portuguese phrase 'por trás', English speakers often fall into several predictable traps due to direct translation habits, phonetic confusion, and grammatical nuances. One of the most glaring and frequent mistakes is confusing the adverb 'trás' with the verb 'traz'. Phonetically, these two words are identical in most Portuguese dialects; they are homophones. However, their meanings and grammatical functions are entirely different. 'Trás', spelled with an 's' and an acute accent on the 'a', is an adverb indicating position (behind). 'Traz', spelled with a 'z' and no accent, is the third-person singular conjugation of the verb 'trazer' (to bring). Writing 'por traz' is a severe orthographic error that native speakers will immediately notice.
Trás vs. Traz
Always remember that 'trás' (behind) has an accent and ends in 's'. 'Traz' (brings) ends in 'z' and is a verb. Never write 'por traz'.

Correto: Ele estava por trás da porta. (Incorreto: por traz)

Another highly common mistake involves the omission of the preposition 'de' when linking 'por trás' to a noun. In English, we simply say 'behind the house'. Translating this directly word-for-word might lead a learner to say 'por trás a casa'. This is grammatically incorrect in Portuguese. The adverbial locution requires the preposition 'de' to bridge the gap between the position and the object. It must be 'por trás de a casa', which mandates the mandatory contraction to 'por trás da casa'. Failing to use 'de' or failing to contract it with the subsequent article marks the speaker instantly as a beginner.
Missing the Preposition 'De'
You cannot place a noun directly after 'por trás'. You must use the preposition 'de' (and its appropriate contractions like do, da, dos, das) to connect them.

O sol desapareceu por trás das montanhas.

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 'por trás' with 'atrás'. While they are often interchangeable in casual speech when meaning 'behind', they have distinct nuances. 'Atrás' is more commonly used for static position or time (e.g., 'dois anos atrás' - two years ago), whereas 'por trás' often implies something is hidden, acting from behind, or a movement passing behind something. Using 'por trás' for time (e.g., 'dois anos por trás') is entirely incorrect and will confuse native speakers.
Confusing Spatial with Temporal
'Por trás' is strictly for physical or metaphorical space. It cannot be used to indicate past time like 'atrás' can.

A verdadeira razão por trás do atraso era o trânsito.

Ele tem uma grande equipe por trás dele.

Finally, a subtle mistake is mispronouncing the nasal sound if speakers confuse it with 'trans'. Ensure the 'a' in 'trás' is open and clear, not nasalized. Overcoming these common errors—spelling it correctly, remembering the preposition 'de', avoiding temporal usage, and pronouncing it clearly—will drastically improve your fluency and confidence when using this essential Portuguese phrase.

O gato pulou por trás do muro.

The Portuguese language is rich with vocabulary to describe spatial relationships, and while 'por trás' is highly versatile, it is part of a broader family of words that convey similar concepts. Understanding these alternatives and knowing exactly when to substitute them is a hallmark of an advanced Portuguese speaker. The most immediate and common synonym is 'atrás'. In many everyday spatial contexts, 'atrás' and 'por trás' can be used interchangeably without altering the fundamental meaning of the sentence. For example, 'O carro está atrás da casa' and 'O carro está por trás da casa' both mean the car is behind the house. However, 'atrás' is generally preferred for simple, static location, while 'por trás' often carries a subtle implication of being hidden, obscured, or moving behind something.
Atrás vs. Por trás
'Atrás' is the standard word for 'behind' or 'back'. 'Por trás' emphasizes the aspect of being shielded, hidden, or the trajectory of moving behind an object.

O sol se pôs por trás das nuvens escuras.

Another related term is 'detrás', which is slightly more formal or literary and is often used to emphasize the exact position immediately at the back of something. You might encounter 'detrás' in written Portuguese, literature, or formal speeches, but it is less frequent in casual, spoken street Portuguese than 'por trás'.
Detrás
A more formal synonym meaning 'from behind' or 'at the back of'. Often found in literature or formal writing rather than daily conversation.

A força por trás do movimento era inegável.

If you want to express the metaphorical sense of 'por trás', such as the 'underlying reason' or 'hidden motive', you can use phrases like 'o motivo oculto' (the hidden motive) or 'a razão subjacente' (the underlying reason). These are excellent alternatives when you want to elevate your vocabulary in a professional or academic setting, moving away from spatial metaphors to direct abstract nouns.
Metaphorical Alternatives
In professional contexts, instead of 'a razão por trás', you might use 'a causa raiz' (the root cause) or 'o fator determinante' (the determining factor).

Sempre há uma história complexa por trás de cada grande sucesso.

On the flip side, antonyms are equally important for grasping spatial dynamics. The direct opposites of 'por trás' are 'na frente' (in front) or 'adiante' (ahead). If someone is not 'por trás de' a project, they might be 'à frente de' (at the head of/leading) the project.

Ele preferiu ficar por trás das cortinas antes do show.

A lógica por trás dessa decisão é falha.

By familiarizing yourself with these synonyms, formal alternatives, and direct antonyms, you build a robust and flexible vocabulary network. This allows you not only to understand Portuguese more deeply but to express your own thoughts with precision, choosing the exact word that fits the physical or emotional context of your message.
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수준별 예문

1

O gato está por trás do sofá.

The cat is behind the sofa.

Uses 'do' (de + o) because 'sofá' is masculine singular.

2

A bola caiu por trás da mesa.

The ball fell behind the table.

Uses 'da' (de + a) because 'mesa' is feminine singular.

3

Eu estou por trás de você.

I am behind you.

Uses the pronoun 'você' directly after 'de'.

4

O jardim fica por trás da casa.

The garden is behind the house.

'Fica' is often used instead of 'está' for permanent locations.

5

Ele escondeu o presente por trás das costas.

He hid the gift behind his back.

'Das' (de + as) is used for plural feminine 'costas'.

6

O carro está estacionado por trás do prédio.

The car is parked behind the building.

'Estacionado' agrees with the masculine noun 'carro'.

7

A vassoura está por trás da porta.

The broom is behind the door.

A very common household phrase using 'da'.

8

O sol se escondeu por trás da nuvem.

The sun hid behind the cloud.

Uses the reflexive verb 'esconder-se'.

1

Eles entraram por trás para ninguém ver.

They entered from behind so no one would see.

Used as a standalone adverb indicating direction.

2

Não fale por trás dos seus amigos.

Don't talk behind your friends' backs.

Idiomatic usage meaning to gossip.

3

O cachorro correu por trás do muro.

The dog ran behind the wall.

Indicates movement and trajectory.

4

O que tem por trás dessa cortina?

What is behind that curtain?

'Dessa' is a contraction of 'de' + 'essa'.

5

Ela me abraçou por trás.

She hugged me from behind.

Modifies the verb 'abraçar' directly.

6

O restaurante fica por trás do banco.

The restaurant is located behind the bank.

Giving directions using spatial landmarks.

7

Ele foi atacado por trás na rua.

He was attacked from behind in the street.

Passive voice construction with the standalone adverb.

8

A chave caiu por trás do armário.

The key fell behind the cabinet.

Describing an accidental movement.

1

Qual é a história por trás dessa foto?

What is the story behind this photo?

Metaphorical use asking for context or background.

2

Sempre há um motivo por trás das ações dele.

There is always a reason behind his actions.

Using 'por trás' to mean 'underlying cause'.

3

Eles trabalham muito por trás dos bastidores.

They work a lot behind the scenes.

Common idiom 'por trás dos bastidores' (behind the scenes).

4

Descobriram quem estava por trás do crime.

They discovered who was behind the crime.

Used to indicate the mastermind or responsible party.

5

A intenção por trás da mensagem era boa.

The intention behind the message was good.

Connecting an abstract noun (intenção) with another abstract concept.

6

O jogador levou um cartão amarelo por uma falta por trás.

The player got a yellow card for a foul from behind.

Sports terminology for a specific type of infraction.

7

É difícil saber a verdade por trás das notícias.

It is hard to know the truth behind the news.

Expressing skepticism about underlying facts.

8

Ela sempre me apoiou, ficando por trás de todas as minhas decisões.

She always supported me, standing behind all my decisions.

Metaphorical use meaning 'to support or endorse'.

1

A complexidade por trás do algoritmo é impressionante.

The complexity behind the algorithm is impressive.

Used in technical contexts to describe hidden mechanisms.

2

Muitos interesses políticos estão por trás dessa nova lei.

Many political interests are behind this new law.

Discussing hidden agendas or motivations in a formal register.

3

A ciência por trás do aquecimento global é inegável.

The science behind global warming is undeniable.

Asserting the foundational facts of a complex issue.

4

Agir por trás das costas de alguém destrói a confiança.

Acting behind someone's back destroys trust.

A strong expression for betrayal and deceit.

5

O gênio por trás da obra de arte permaneceu anônimo.

The genius behind the artwork remained anonymous.

Referring to the creator or orchestrator of a masterpiece.

6

Precisamos investigar as forças econômicas por trás da inflação.

We need to investigate the economic forces behind inflation.

Academic or journalistic usage for deep analysis.

7

A filosofia por trás do design foca na simplicidade.

The philosophy behind the design focuses on simplicity.

Explaining the foundational principles of a creative work.

8

Ele orquestrou a fusão das empresas agindo por trás dos panos.

He orchestrated the merger of the companies acting behind the scenes.

Using 'por trás dos panos' (behin

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