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A2 noun 중립 #4,500 가장 일반적인 3분 분량

发票

fapiao fā piào
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Overview

The Chinese word for 'invoice' is '发票' (fāpiào). It's a fundamental term in business and daily life, referring to a document that records a transaction between a buyer and a seller.

**Components of an Invoice:**

  • 抬头 (táitóu): This refers to the header or title of the invoice, which typically includes the name and logo of the issuing company.
  • 发票号码 (fāpiào hàomǎ): Every invoice has a unique invoice number for tracking and accounting purposes.
  • 开票日期 (kāipiào rìqī): The date the invoice was issued.
  • 购买方 (gòumǎifāng): The buyer's information, including their name, tax identification number, and address.
  • 销售方 (xiāoshòufāng): The seller's information, including their name, tax identification number, and address.
  • 商品名称 (shāngpǐn míngchēng): The name or description of the goods or services provided.
  • 单位 (dānwèi): The unit of measurement for the goods (e.g., '个' for individual items, '件' for pieces).
  • 数量 (shùliàng): The quantity of the goods or services.
  • 单价 (dānjià): The unit price of each item.
  • 金额 (jīné): The total amount for each line item (quantity x unit price).
  • 税率 (shuìlǜ): The tax rate applied to the transaction.
  • 税额 (shuì'é): The amount of tax charged.
  • 价税合计 (jiàshuì héjì): The grand total, including both the price of the goods/services and the tax.
  • 备注 (bèizhù): A section for any additional notes or comments.

**Types of Invoices in China:**

  • 增值税专用发票 (zēngzhíshuì zhuānyòng fāpiào): Value-Added Tax (VAT) special invoice. These are crucial for businesses to claim input VAT deductions. They are highly regulated and contain detailed information.
  • 增值税普通发票 (zēngzhíshuì pǔtōng fāpiào): VAT ordinary invoice. These are used for general transactions and for consumers. Businesses can still use them for accounting but generally cannot claim VAT deductions with them.
  • 机动车销售统一发票 (jīdòngchē xiāoshòu tǒngyī fāpiào): Unified invoice for motor vehicle sales. This is a specialized invoice for the purchase of vehicles.
  • 定额发票 (dìng'é fāpiào): Fixed amount invoices. These are pre-printed invoices with fixed amounts, often used by small businesses or service providers for minor transactions.

**Usage and Significance:**

'发票' serves several critical functions in China. For businesses, it's essential for accounting, tax reporting, and claiming tax deductions. For individuals, invoices are often required for expense reimbursement, warranty claims, and proof of purchase. The Chinese government heavily regulates the issuance and use of invoices to combat tax evasion and ensure transparency in financial transactions. Many companies use electronic invoicing systems (e-fapiao) for efficiency and environmental reasons.

예시

1

请给我一张发票。

After purchasing an item, a customer might ask for an invoice for their records or reimbursement.

Please give me an invoice.

2

这张发票的金额是多少？

Someone reviewing an invoice might ask about the total amount due.

What is the amount on this invoice?

3

我们需要开具一张增值税专用发票。

A business might need to issue a specific type of invoice for tax purposes.

We need to issue a special VAT invoice.

4

你收到供应商的发票了吗？

In a business setting, one might inquire about the receipt of invoices from vendors.

Have you received the invoice from the supplier?

5

我需要报销，所以请提供发票。

An employee might ask for an invoice to submit for expense reimbursement.

I need to claim reimbursement, so please provide the invoice.

자주 쓰는 조합

开具发票
收到发票
发票号码
增值税发票

자주 혼동되는 단어

发票 대 发表
'发票' refers to an invoice or a bill, a document detailing a transaction. '发表' means to publish or to issue, like publishing an article or issuing a statement. They have different meanings and are used in different contexts.
发票 대 发明
'发票' is an invoice or a bill for goods/services. '发明' means to invent, referring to the creation of something new. Their meanings are unrelated.
发票 대 发放
'发票' means invoice. '发放' means to distribute or to issue, usually referring to the distribution of items or funds. While both involve 'issuing,' '发票' is a document, and '发放' is an action of distribution.
发票 대 发生
'发票' is an invoice. '发生' means to happen or to occur. They are completely different in meaning and usage.

문법 패턴

Verb + 发票 (e.g., 开(kāi)发票 - to issue an invoice; 收到(shōudào)发票 - to receive an invoice) 发票 + Noun (less common, but can appear in specific phrases like 发票号码 (fāpiào hàomǎ) - invoice number) Noun + 的 + 发票 (e.g., 购物(gòuwù)的发票 - shopping invoice; 服务(fúwù)的发票 - service invoice)

사용법

사용 참고사항

When conducting business or making purchases in China, it's common to explicitly ask for a 'fapiao' if you require an official tax invoice for reimbursement or accounting purposes. The phrase to use is 'qing kai fapiao' (请开发票), meaning 'please issue a fapiao.' You might be asked for your company's tax ID number (统一社会信用代码 - tǒngyī shèhuì xìnyòng dàimǎ) or your personal ID details, depending on the type of fapiao and the amount. Be aware that not all vendors are equipped to issue fapiao on the spot, especially smaller businesses or street vendors, and some might require you to return later or go to a specific counter. For larger purchases or corporate expenses, always confirm that a fapiao can be provided before finalizing the transaction. Digital fapiao are also becoming increasingly common and can be issued electronically.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake might be confusing '发票' (fāpiào - invoice) with other similar-sounding words or words related to money or receipts. For example, '收据' (shōujù) means 'receipt', which is different as a receipt confirms payment, while an invoice requests payment. Another potential mistake could be mispronouncing the tones, as Chinese is a tonal language. '发' is a first tone, and '票' is a fourth tone. Incorrect tones can change the meaning of the word or make it unintelligible.

팁

💡

Usage in Business and Finance

'发票' (fāpiào) is a crucial document in business and finance, serving as a formal record of a transaction. It details the goods or services provided, their quantities, prices, and the total amount due. Businesses issue发票 to customers to request payment and to maintain accurate accounting records. For tax purposes, businesses use发票 to report income and expenses, and individuals may need them for reimbursement or proof of purchase. Understanding how to read and generate发票 is essential for anyone involved in commercial activities in Chinese-speaking regions.
💡

Distinction from Receipts and Other Payment Proofs

While both '发票' and '收据' (shōujù - receipt) serve as proof of payment, their legal and accounting implications differ significantly in China. A '发票' is an official tax invoice issued by the seller and recognized by the tax authorities, making it vital for tax deductions and official financial reporting. A '收据,' on the other hand, is a simpler document acknowledging payment received and may not be sufficient for tax purposes or formal accounting. Other terms like '小票' (xiǎopiào - small receipt, often from a cash register) or '交易凭证' (jiāoyì píngzhèng - transaction voucher) also exist but lack the formal tax recognition of a '发票.'
💡

Types of '发票' and Their Specific Uses

In China, there are several types of '发票,' each with specific uses and implications. The most common are '增值税专用发票' (zēngzhíshuì zhuānyòng fāpiào - special VAT invoice) and '增值税普通发票' (zēngzhíshuì pǔtōng fāpiào - general VAT invoice). Special VAT invoices are used between VAT-registered businesses and allow the buyer to claim input VAT deductions. General VAT invoices are for transactions with individual consumers or small businesses that cannot claim VAT deductions. There are also '定额发票' (dìng'é fāpiào - fixed-amount invoice) for certain industries like catering and transportation, and '机动车销售统一发票' (jīdòngchē xiāoshòu tǒngyī fāpiào - unified invoice for motor vehicle sales). Knowing which type of发票 is appropriate for a given transaction is crucial for compliance.

어원

The word '发票' (fāpiào) in Chinese, meaning 'invoice,' is composed of two characters: '发' (fā) and '票' (piào). '发' (fā) is a versatile character with several meanings, including 'to send out,' 'to issue,' 'to emit,' 'to develop,' or 'to happen.' In the context of '发票,' its meaning leans towards 'to issue' or 'to send out,' referring to the act of issuing a document. '票' (piào) primarily means 'ticket,' 'banknote,' 'receipt,' or 'vote.' In this compound word, it signifies a document or a piece of paper that serves as a record or proof of a transaction, much like a receipt or a bill. Combining these two characters, '发票' literally translates to 'issued ticket/document' or 'sending out a document,' which accurately reflects the function of an invoice: a document issued by a seller to a buyer, detailing a transaction and requesting payment. The concept of official documents for transactions and taxation has a long history in China, tracing back to ancient dynastic periods where various forms of tax receipts and commercial certificates were used. While the specific term '发票' as it is understood today likely solidified with the modernization of commercial practices and tax systems, especially in the last few centuries and more prominently in the 20th century, the underlying ideas of recording transactions and issuing proof have ancient roots. The modern usage and standardization of '发票' have been heavily influenced by the development of formal accounting and taxation systems, particularly since the establishment of the People's Republic of China and its subsequent economic reforms. The government plays a significant role in regulating the issuance and use of invoices for tax purposes. In essence, '发票' is a clear and direct term that combines the action of issuing with the nature of the document itself, creating a precise term for an invoice within the Chinese language.

문화적 맥락

In China, 'fapiao' (发票) are official tax invoices issued by the State Administration of Taxation. They serve not only as proof of purchase but also as crucial documents for tax deduction and reimbursement for businesses and individuals. Unlike standard receipts in many Western countries, fapiao have legal standing and are tightly regulated. They are essential for companies to declare expenses and for individuals to claim reimbursements from their employers. There are different types of fapiao, including general fapiao and special VAT fapiao, each with specific uses and regulations. The system is designed to combat tax evasion and ensure transparency in financial transactions. Consumers often request fapiao even for small purchases if they need to expense them later.

암기 팁

The character '发' (fā) means 'to issue' or 'to send out', and '票' (piào) means 'ticket' or 'note'. So, '发票' literally means 'issued note' or 'sent-out ticket', which logically leads to 'invoice'.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문
'发票' (fāpiào) directly translates to 'invoice' in English. It's an official document issued by a seller to a buyer, detailing a transaction. This includes a list of the goods or services provided, their quantities, prices, and the total amount due. In China, '发票' serves as a crucial legal document for tax purposes, often required for business expenses, reimbursements, and for tax deductions. It's more than just a receipt; it's a formal record that substantiates a transaction's legality and allows businesses to track their financial activities accurately for government oversight.
The '发票' is incredibly important in China for several reasons. Primarily, it's a legal and official proof of purchase or service. For businesses, it's essential for accounting, tax declarations, and claiming input tax deductions. Individuals often need '发票' for expense reimbursements from their employers or for proving purchases in case of disputes. The Chinese government uses '发票' to monitor transactions, prevent tax evasion, and ensure compliance with tax regulations. Its unique serial number and often printed QR code make it a robust system for tracking economic activity.
While both '发票' and a regular receipt acknowledge a transaction, they differ significantly in their legal and tax implications in China. A regular receipt (小票 - xiǎopiào) is typically an informal acknowledgment of payment, often just for the customer's record. It may not contain all the detailed information required for tax purposes. An '发票,' on the other hand, is a formal, government-regulated document with specific formats and content requirements. It includes the seller's tax ID, detailed itemization, and a unique serial number, making it a legally valid document for tax declarations, reimbursements, and financial auditing.
Yes, absolutely. In China, '发票' is the primary document required for claiming business expenses and seeking reimbursement from an employer. Companies typically require employees to submit '发票' for travel expenses, meals, office supplies, and other work-related costs. Without a valid '发票,' it is often impossible to get reimbursed, as it serves as the official proof that the expense was incurred and paid. This strict requirement helps companies maintain accurate financial records and ensures compliance with tax laws, as only legitimate business expenses can be deducted.

셀프 테스트

fill blank

Please provide me with the ______ for the services rendered.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

I need to pay the company after receiving the ______.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

Can you issue a ______ for my purchase?

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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