亲属 30초 만에
- <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) refers to relatives or kinsfolk, encompassing extended family members.
- It's a more formal term than 'family' and often used in official documents or discussions.
- Includes parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws.
- Use it when referring to the broader network of family connections.
Understanding 亲属 (qīnshǔ) - Your Family Circle
The Chinese word 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a general term that refers to one's relatives or kinsfolk. It encompasses a broad spectrum of family members beyond the immediate nuclear family. Think of it as the collective noun for all the people connected to you by blood or marriage. It's a formal and slightly more literary term than simply saying 'family members', but it's commonly used in contexts where a comprehensive description of family ties is needed.
- Usage Contexts
- You'll often encounter 亲属 in official documents, legal discussions, or when discussing family history and lineage. It's also used in more formal written communication and speeches. For instance, when talking about inheritance or family gatherings that include extended family, 亲属 is an appropriate term.
- Scope of Meaning
- While it includes parents and siblings, its strength lies in its inclusion of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and in-laws. It signifies a broader network of familial connections. In everyday conversation, people might use more specific terms like '爸爸' (bàba - dad) or '叔叔' (shūshu - uncle), but 亲属 serves as an umbrella term for all these individuals collectively.
在法律上，所有亲属都有继承权。
Understanding 亲属 helps you grasp the comprehensive way Chinese culture views family connections. It emphasizes the importance of kinship and the network of support and obligation that comes with it. Whether you're filling out a form or discussing your family tree, 亲属 is the word to use when referring to your extended family members.
Constructing Sentences with 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
Using 亲属 correctly in sentences often involves specifying the context or the relationship. It can function as the subject, object, or part of a descriptive phrase. Let's explore various sentence structures to solidify your understanding.
- As a Subject
- When 亲属 is the subject, it implies that the group of relatives is performing an action or being described. For example, '所有亲属都来参加了婚礼' (Suǒyǒu qīnshǔ dōu lái cānjiāle hūnlǐ) means 'All relatives came to attend the wedding.' Here, '所有' (all) specifies the extent of the relatives involved.
- As an Object
- As an object, 亲属 is the recipient of an action. For instance, '他非常重视他的亲属' (Tā fēicháng zhòngshì tā de qīnshǔ) translates to 'He greatly values his relatives.' The verb '重视' (zhòngshì - to value) acts upon the object '亲属'.
- With Modifiers
- You can add possessives or descriptive words. '我的亲属' (wǒ de qīnshǔ) means 'my relatives.' You can also describe them, such as '远方的亲属' (yuǎnfāng de qīnshǔ), meaning 'distant relatives.' This allows for more specific communication.
- In Formal Contexts
- In more formal settings, 亲属 can be used to refer to the entire family network. For example, in a discussion about family law, one might say, '根据法律规定，亲属之间有互相扶助的义务' (Gēnjù fǎlǜ guīdìng, qīnshǔ zhī jiān yǒu hùxiāng fúzhù de yìwù), meaning 'According to legal regulations, relatives have the obligation to help each other.'
她邀请了所有的亲属参加她的生日派对。
Mastering these sentence structures will enable you to use 亲属 confidently in various situations, from casual discussions about family to more formal contexts.
Real-World Encounters with 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
While 亲属 (qīnshǔ) might sound a bit formal, you will definitely encounter it in various real-world scenarios, especially when dealing with official matters or discussing family in a more structured way. It's a word that carries weight and signifies a broad connection.
- Official Documents and Forms
- This is perhaps the most common place you'll see 亲属. When filling out visa applications, immigration forms, medical records, or legal documents, you'll often be asked to provide information about your 亲属 (relatives). This could include their names, addresses, and relationship to you. The term is used here for its comprehensive and unambiguous meaning.
- News Reports and Legal Discussions
- In news articles discussing family matters, inheritance disputes, or social issues related to families, 亲属 is frequently used. Similarly, in legal contexts, discussions about family law, divorce settlements, or guardianship will often refer to the rights and responsibilities among 亲属.
- Genealogy and Family History
- When people are researching their family tree or discussing their ancestry, 亲属 is the natural term to use. It encompasses all the branches of the family, including those who might be less frequently contacted but are still considered part of the kinship. Discussions about ancestral homes or family reunions often involve the concept of 亲属.
- Formal Speeches and Announcements
- During formal events like weddings, funerals, or significant family celebrations, speakers might refer to the gathering of 亲属. This adds a layer of formality and acknowledges the collective presence of all family members, both near and far.
- Academic and Sociological Discussions
- In studies of sociology, anthropology, or social psychology, 亲属 is a key term for analyzing family structures, kinship systems, and social networks within a society. Researchers will use it to discuss intergenerational relationships and familial obligations.
请填写您所有亲属的联系方式。
By being aware of these contexts, you'll be better equipped to understand and use 亲属 effectively in your Chinese learning journey.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
While 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a straightforward term, learners can sometimes make mistakes by using it in contexts where a more specific word is needed, or by misunderstanding its scope. Here are some common errors to watch out for.
- Mistake 1: Using 亲属 for Immediate Family Only
- Error: Thinking 亲属 only refers to parents, siblings, and children.
Correction: While 亲属 *includes* immediate family, its primary strength is in encompassing the *extended* family – aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, in-laws, etc. If you specifically want to talk about just your parents and siblings, it's often better to use terms like '父母和兄弟姐妹' (fùmǔ hé xiōngdì jiěmèi) or '直系亲属' (zhíxì qīnshǔ - direct relatives) if you mean parents, spouse, and children. - Mistake 2: Overusing 亲属 in Casual Conversation
- Error: Using 亲属 when a simpler, more direct term would suffice in informal settings.
Correction: In everyday chats with friends, you're more likely to say '我家人' (wǒ jiārén - my family) or mention specific family members by their relation (e.g., '我阿姨' - wǒ āyí - my aunt). Using 亲属 in very casual conversation can sound overly formal or even a bit stiff. Reserve it for contexts where 'relatives' as a collective group is appropriate. - Mistake 3: Confusing 亲属 with Friends or Acquaintances
- Error: Using 亲属 to describe close friends who feel like family.
Correction: 亲属 specifically refers to familial ties by blood or marriage. While close friends can be like family, they are not technically 亲属. You would use terms like '好朋友' (hǎo péngyǒu - good friend) or describe the closeness of the relationship instead. - Mistake 4: Grammatical Misplacement
- Error: Incorrectly structuring sentences with 亲属, especially regarding possessives or quantifiers.
Correction: Remember that you typically need a possessive pronoun ('我', '你', '他') or a quantifier ('所有', '一些') before 亲属, like '我的亲属' (my relatives) or '所有亲属' (all relatives). Simply saying '亲属来了' (qīnshǔ láile) might sound a bit abrupt; '我的亲属来了' is more natural.
我最好的朋友不是我的亲属。
By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can use 亲属 more accurately and confidently in your Chinese communication.
Exploring Synonyms and Alternatives for 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
While 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a useful term for 'relatives', Chinese offers a variety of words and phrases to describe family connections, each with its own nuance in formality and scope. Understanding these alternatives will enhance your ability to communicate precisely.
- 家人 (jiārén)
- Meaning: Family members.
Comparison: This is a more general and informal term than 亲属. It typically refers to the people living in one's household or the immediate nuclear family (parents, spouse, children). It's the most common word used in everyday conversation when referring to one's family.
Example: 我要回家看家人。(Wǒ yào huí jiā kàn jiārén.) - I want to go home to see my family. - 亲戚 (qīnqi)
- Meaning: Relatives; relations.
Comparison: 亲戚 is very similar to 亲属 and is often used interchangeably in informal contexts. However, 亲戚 can sometimes imply a slightly warmer, more personal connection, often referring to people you visit or interact with socially. 亲属 tends to be more formal and encompasses all blood and legal relations, whether close or distant.
Example: 过年的时候，我们有很多亲戚会来拜访。(Guònián de shíhòu, wǒmen yǒu hěn duō qīnqi huì lái bàifǎng.) - During the New Year, many of our relatives come to visit. - 直系亲属 (zhíxì qīnshǔ)
- Meaning: Direct relatives (lineal relatives).
Comparison: This is a more specific term that refers to your immediate ascendants and descendants – parents, grandparents, children, and grandchildren. It excludes collateral relatives like aunts, uncles, and cousins. It's a formal term often used in legal or official contexts.
Example: 只有直系亲属才能继承遗产。(Zhǐyǒu zhíxì qīnshǔ cáinéng jìchéng yíchǎn.) - Only direct relatives can inherit the estate. - 旁系亲属 (pángxì qīnshǔ)
- Meaning: Collateral relatives.
Comparison: This term refers to relatives who are not in the direct line of descent, such as siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, and nieces. It's the counterpart to 直系亲属 and is also quite formal.
Example: 他有很多旁系亲属，分布在全国各地。(Tā yǒu hěn duō pángxì qīnshǔ, fēnbù zài quánguó gèdì.) - He has many collateral relatives scattered all over the country. - 至亲 (zhìqīn)
- Meaning: Closest relatives; intimate relations.
Comparison: This term emphasizes the closeness of the relationship. It refers to the most beloved and intimate family members, often including parents, siblings, and sometimes spouses or children. It carries a strong emotional connotation.
Example: 她是我的至亲。(Tā shì wǒ de zhìqīn.) - She is my closest relative.
亲属 vs 亲戚: 亲属 is more formal and legally/officially defined, while 亲戚 is more common in daily life and can imply social interaction.
By understanding these nuances, you can select the most appropriate term for expressing family relationships in Chinese.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
In ancient Chinese society, the concept of '五服' (wǔfú - five degrees of mourning) was a complex system that defined the closeness of kinship and the corresponding mourning rituals. This system illustrates the deep historical emphasis placed on classifying and understanding different levels of 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'q' as 'k' or 'ch' like in 'chair'.
- Incorrect tone for 'qīn' (should be high level) or 'shǔ' (should be falling-rising).
- Not aspirating the 'q' sound sufficiently.
- Pronouncing 'shǔ' as a flat tone or a falling tone.
- Confusing the nasal 'in' sound.
난이도
The word itself is straightforward, but understanding its nuances compared to similar terms like '亲戚' (qīnqi) and its usage in formal or legal contexts requires a bit more effort. Recognizing it in longer texts about family or official matters is generally manageable for A2 learners.
Producing the word correctly requires understanding its formal register and when it's most appropriate. Learners might default to more common terms like '家人' (jiārén) or '亲戚' (qīnqi), so actively practicing its usage in specific contexts is key.
Pronunciation is manageable, but using <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) appropriately in conversation, especially distinguishing its formality from '亲戚' (qīnqi), can be a challenge. It's less likely to come up in casual chats unless discussing specific formal situations.
Recognizing the word when spoken is usually not difficult, especially if the context is formal or official. Understanding its meaning in relation to other family terms is important for comprehension.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Using possessive pronouns with nouns like 亲属.
我的亲属 (wǒ de qīnshǔ) - my relatives. This structure is common for indicating ownership or association.
Using quantifiers with 亲属.
所有亲属 (suǒyǒu qīnshǔ) - all relatives. Quantifiers like '所有' (all), '一些' (some), '许多' (many) are used before the noun.
Using adjectives to describe 亲属.
近亲属 (jìn qīnshǔ) - close relatives. Adjectives like '近' (close), '远' (distant), '主要' (main) precede the noun.
Using prepositions with 亲属.
我对我的亲属很好。(Wǒ duì wǒ de qīnshǔ hěn hǎo.) - I am very good to my relatives. Prepositions like '对' (duì - towards) and '和' (hé - with) are used.
Compound nouns involving 亲属.
亲属关系 (qīnshǔ guānxì) - kinship/family relationship. Combining 亲属 with other nouns to create more specific terms.
수준별 예문
这是我的亲属。
This is my relative.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) can be used as a noun referring to a relative.
他有很多亲属。
He has many relatives.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) is used here as the object of the verb '有' (yǒu - to have).
我的亲属住在北京。
My relatives live in Beijing.
Possessive pronoun '我的' (wǒ de - my) is used with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
我们是亲属。
We are relatives.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) is used as a predicate noun.
请告诉我您的亲属。
Please tell me your relatives.
The polite form '您的' (nín de - your) is used with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
这是我的远方亲属。
This is my distant relative.
The adjective '远方' (yuǎnfāng - distant) modifies 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
他们是我的近亲属。
They are my close relatives.
The adjective '近' (jìn - close) modifies 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
我爱我的亲属。
I love my relatives.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) is the object of the verb '爱' (ài - to love).
在法律上，所有亲属都有继承权。
In law, all relatives have inheritance rights.
Quantifier '所有' (suǒyǒu - all) is used with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
她邀请了所有的亲属参加她的生日派对。
She invited all her relatives to attend her birthday party.
'参加' (cānjiā - to attend) is used with 亲属 (qīnshǔ) as the object.
他非常重视他的亲属。
He greatly values his relatives.
The verb '重视' (zhòngshì - to value) takes 亲属 (qīnshǔ) as its object.
我们很少见到那些远房的亲属。
We rarely see those distant relatives.
'远房的' (yuǎnfāng de - distant) modifies 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
家庭聚会是和亲属们团聚的好机会。
Family gatherings are a good opportunity to reunite with relatives.
The plural form can be implied or explicitly stated with '们' (men) after 亲属.
这份文件需要所有亲属的签字。
This document requires the signatures of all relatives.
The noun '签字' (qiānzì - signature) is associated with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
他继承了他祖父的财产，以及其他亲属的帮助。
He inherited his grandfather's property, as well as the help of other relatives.
'其他' (qítā - other) is used to specify a subset of 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
了解您的亲属关系网非常重要。
Understanding your kinship network is very important.
'亲属关系网' (qīnshǔ guānxì wǎng - kinship network) is a related term.
在传统观念中，亲属之间的义务非常重要。
In traditional concepts, obligations between relatives are very important.
The phrase '亲属之间' (qīnshǔ zhī jiān - among relatives) is used.
由于工作的关系，他很少能和远方的亲属见面。
Due to work, he rarely gets to meet his distant relatives.
'远方的亲属' (yuǎnfāng de qīnshǔ - distant relatives) is a common collocation.
为了处理家族事务，所有的亲属都聚集到了老宅。
To handle family affairs, all relatives gathered at the old house.
'聚集' (jùjí - to gather) is often used with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
她对她的亲属非常慷慨，总是乐于助人。
She is very generous to her relatives, always willing to help.
'对...慷慨' (duì...kāngkǎi - generous to...) is a common structure with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
在现代社会，亲属关系的重要性似乎有所减弱。
In modern society, the importance of kinship seems to have weakened somewhat.
'亲属关系' (qīnshǔ guānxì - kinship/family relationship) is a related concept.
他详细地向我们描述了他的主要亲属。
He described his main relatives to us in detail.
'主要亲属' (zhǔyào qīnshǔ - main relatives) is used for emphasis.
对于一些人来说，与亲属的联系是他们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
For some people, connection with relatives is an indispensable part of their lives.
'与...的联系' (yǔ...de liánxì - connection with...) is a common structure.
在处理遗产分配时，需要明确所有法定亲属。
When handling inheritance distribution, all legal relatives need to be identified.
'法定亲属' (fǎdìng qīnshǔ - legal relatives) is a specific legal term.
尽管生活方式发生了巨大变化，但许多人仍然珍视与亲属的深厚情感联系。
Despite significant changes in lifestyle, many people still cherish their deep emotional bonds with relatives.
'深厚情感联系' (shēnhòu qínggǎn liánxì - deep emotional connection) is used with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
在某些文化中，对亲属的忠诚被视为一种至高无上的美德。
In some cultures, loyalty to relatives is regarded as a supreme virtue.
'对...的忠诚' (duì...de zhōngchéng - loyalty to...) is a formal expression.
随着社会结构的变化，传统的亲属赡养模式也面临着新的挑战。
With changes in social structure, traditional models of kinship support are also facing new challenges.
'亲属赡养模式' (qīnshǔ shànyǎng móshì - kinship support model) is a sociological term.
他通过详细的家谱研究，成功地追溯了他的多位远房亲属。
Through detailed genealogical research, he successfully traced several of his distant relatives.
'家谱研究' (jiāpǔ yánjiū - genealogical research) is related to tracing 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
在处理复杂的家庭纠纷时，充分了解各方亲属的立场至关重要。
When dealing with complex family disputes, fully understanding the positions of the relatives on all sides is crucial.
'各方亲属' (gè fāng qīnshǔ - relatives on all sides) is used in dispute resolution.
虽然现代通讯技术发达，但面对面的交流对于维系亲属间的感情仍然不可替代。
Although modern communication technology is advanced, face-to-face interaction remains irreplaceable for maintaining feelings among relatives.
'维系...感情' (wéixì...gǎnqíng - maintain feelings) is a phrase associated with 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
他以其无私的奉献精神，赢得了所有亲属的尊敬和爱戴。
With his selfless spirit of dedication, he won the respect and affection of all his relatives.
'赢得...尊敬和爱戴' (yíngdé...zūnjìng hé àidài - win respect and affection) is a high-level compliment.
在某些移民社区，亲属网络在帮助新成员适应新环境方面发挥着关键作用。
In some immigrant communities, kinship networks play a key role in helping new members adapt to a new environment.
'亲属网络' (qīnshǔ wǎngluò - kinship network) is a common sociological term.
在东西方文化交融的背景下，我们对亲属的定义和期望也在不断演变。
Against the backdrop of East-West cultural integration, our definitions and expectations of relatives are also continuously evolving.
'东西方文化交融' (dōngxī fāng wénhuà jiāróng - East-West cultural integration) provides context for changing views on 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
尽管现代社会强调个人主义，但血缘关系所带来的深层归属感依然是许多人情感的重要支撑。
Although modern society emphasizes individualism, the deep sense of belonging brought by blood ties remains an important emotional support for many.
'血缘关系' (xuèyuán guānxì - blood ties) is a more profound concept related to 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
当家族面临重大危机时，往往需要所有亲属共同承担责任，而非相互推诿。
When a family faces a major crisis, it often requires all relatives to share responsibility collectively, rather than shirking it.
'共同承担责任' (gòngtóng chéngdān zérèn - share responsibility collectively) is a high-level concept regarding 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
历史文献中，关于古代贵族将其庞大的亲属网络用于巩固权力的记载屡见不鲜。
Historical documents frequently record how ancient aristocrats used their vast kinship networks to consolidate power.
'庞大的亲属网络' (pángdà de qīnshǔ wǎngluò - vast kinship network) is used in historical analysis.
在信息爆炸的时代，如何有效管理和维护与众多亲属的关系，成为一项新的课题。
In the era of information explosion, how to effectively manage and maintain relationships with numerous relatives has become a new challenge.
'信息爆炸的时代' (xìnxī bàozhà de shídài - era of information explosion) provides modern context for managing 亲属 (qīnshǔ) relationships.
她凭借其卓越的组织能力，成功地协调了所有亲属在慈善项目中的参与。
Leveraging her exceptional organizational skills, she successfully coordinated the participation of all relatives in the charity project.
'卓越的组织能力' (zhuóyuè de zǔzhī nénglì - exceptional organizational skills) is used to describe someone managing 亲属 (qīnshǔ).
理解不同文化中关于亲属的伦理规范，对于跨文化交流至关重要。
Understanding the ethical norms regarding relatives in different cultures is crucial for cross-cultural communication.
'伦理规范' (lúnlǐ guīfàn - ethical norms) is a key concept when discussing 亲属 (qīnshǔ) across cultures.
他对于家族历史的深入研究，不仅揭示了其祖先的足迹，也让他更深刻地认识到自身与各位亲属的联系。
His in-depth research into family history not only revealed his ancestors' footprints but also allowed him to more profoundly understand his connection with various relatives.
'祖先的足迹' (zǔxiān de zújì - ancestors' footprints) and '各位亲属' (gè wèi qīnshǔ - various relatives) enhance the sentence.
在后现代社会语境下，亲属关系的界定日益模糊，个体与家族的连接呈现出多元化和流动性的特征。
In a postmodern social context, the definition of kinship is increasingly blurred, and the connection between individuals and families exhibits characteristics of diversity and fluidity.
'后现代社会语境' (hòu xiàndài shèhuì yǔjìng - postmodern social context) and '多元化和流动性' (duōyuánhuà hé liúdòngxìng - diversity and fluidity) are advanced terms.
全球化进程深刻地重塑了传统的亲属结构，使得跨国界的家庭联系成为常态，同时也带来了新的挑战与机遇。
The process of globalization has profoundly reshaped traditional kinship structures, making cross-border family connections the norm, while also bringing new challenges and opportunities.
'全球化进程' (quánqiúhuà jìnchéng - globalization process) and '跨国界的家庭联系' (kuà guójiè de jiātíng liánxì - cross-border family connections) are high-level concepts.
他以其精湛的叙事技巧，描绘了一个家族几代人之间错综复杂的情感纠葛，深刻揭示了亲属关系在个体命运中的微妙影响。
With his masterful narrative skills, he depicted the intricate emotional entanglements among several generations of a family, profoundly revealing the subtle influence of kinship on individual destinies.
'错综复杂的情感纠葛' (cuòzōng fùzá de qínggǎn jiūgé - intricate emotional entanglements) and '个体命运中的微妙影响' (gètǐ mìngyùn zhōng de wēimiáo yǐngxiǎng - subtle influence on individual destinies) are sophisticated phrases.
在面对社会变迁带来的冲击时，许多个体选择回归并强化与核心亲属的联系，以寻求情感慰藉和身份认同。
When facing the impact of social change, many individuals choose to return to and strengthen their connections with core relatives to seek emotional comfort and identity.
'情感慰藉' (qínggǎn wèijiè - emotional comfort) and '身份认同' (shēnfèn rèntóng - identity) are key psychological terms.
研究表明，尽管社会流动性增加，但亲属网络依然在经济支持、信息传递以及社会资本积累等方面扮演着不可或缺的角色。
Research indicates that despite increased social mobility, kinship networks still play an indispensable role in economic support, information transmission, and social capital accumulation.
'社会流动性' (shèhuì liúdòngxìng - social mobility) and '社会资本积累' (shèhuì zīběn jīlěi - social capital accumulation) are academic terms.
他将家族的兴衰视为一系列相互关联的亲属行为的累积效应，而非单一因素的偶然结果。
He viewed the rise and fall of the family as the cumulative effect of a series of interconnected kinship behaviors, rather than an accidental outcome of singular factors.
'兴衰' (xīngshuāi - rise and fall) and '累积效应' (lěijī xiàoyìng - cumulative effect) are advanced concepts.
在某些文化中，对先辈亲属的追思和祭拜不仅是对传统的尊重，更是对家族延续性的深刻认知。
In some cultures, remembrance and worship of ancestral relatives is not only a respect for tradition but also a profound recognition of family continuity.
'追思和祭拜' (zhuīsī hé jìbài - remembrance and worship) and '家族延续性' (jiāzú yánxùxìng - family continuity) are culturally significant terms.
他对于亲属关系的复杂性有着深刻的洞察，能够辨析出其中隐藏的权力动态和情感张力。
He possesses deep insight into the complexity of kinship, capable of discerning the hidden power dynamics and emotional tensions within.
'深刻的洞察' (shēnkè de dòngchá - deep insight) and '权力动态和情感张力' (quánlì dòngtài hé qínggǎn zhānglì - power dynamics and emotional tensions) are analytical terms.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— My relatives. This is a direct possessive phrase.
我的亲属都住在同一个城市。
— All relatives. Used to emphasize the entire group.
所有的亲属都收到了请柬。
— Distant relatives. Refers to family members who are not closely related.
我有一个远房亲属，很多年没见了。
— Close relatives. Refers to family members who are closely related.
近亲属之间有特殊的法律规定。
— Kinship; family relationship. Refers to the state of being related.
我们需要确认他们之间的亲属关系。
— Proof of kinship; certificate of relationship. Often required for official purposes.
他需要提供亲属证明来办理继承手续。
— Reunion of relatives. Gathering of family members.
春节是中国亲属团聚的重要节日。
— With relatives. Used to indicate interaction or connection.
她喜欢和与亲属一起度过周末。
— Towards relatives; concerning relatives. Often used with verbs indicating action or attitude.
他对对亲属非常照顾。
— All relatives; dear relatives. A polite way to address a group of relatives.
各位亲属，欢迎大家来到这里！
자주 혼동되는 단어
亲属 (qīnshǔ) is generally more formal and often used in legal or official contexts to denote all blood and marriage relatives. 亲戚 (qīnqi) is more common in everyday speech and can imply a closer, more social connection. They are often interchangeable, but 亲属 carries a more official weight.
家人 (jiārén) typically refers to immediate family members (parents, spouse, children) or the household. 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a broader term that includes extended family members beyond the immediate household.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) refers to people related by blood or marriage, whereas 朋友 (péngyǒu) are chosen companions, not necessarily related by family ties.
관용어 및 표현
— Blood is thicker than water. Emphasizes that family ties (blood relatives) are stronger than other relationships.
虽然他们吵架了，但血浓于水，最终还是会和好的。
Proverbial— Though bones may break, the tendons still connect. Similar to 'blood is thicker than water', highlighting the unbreakable bond between close relatives.
无论发生什么，打断骨头连着筋，我们永远是一家人。
Proverbial— To be inherited from one generation to the next; to follow in the same line. Can refer to traditions, characteristics, or even lineage.
他的音乐天赋是一脉相承自他的父亲。
Formal— People of the same origin or family are closely connected and support each other. Implies solidarity among relatives.
面对外敌，同气连枝，他们团结一致。
Formal— Don't let benefits flow to outsiders; keep benefits within the family or close circle. Implies prioritizing relatives or close associates.
这个项目我们优先考虑亲属，毕竟肥水不流外人田。
Colloquial/Proverbial— As close as brothers/sisters. Describes a relationship between people (often friends, but can apply to relatives) that is as intimate and strong as that between siblings.
他们虽然不是兄弟，但亲如手足。
Formal/Literary— Flesh and blood are connected; intimately related. Emphasizes the deep, inseparable bond between close relatives.
母子之间骨肉相连，情感是无法割舍的。
Literary— A close neighbor is better than a distant relative. Highlights the practical importance of proximity over distant kinship.
遇到困难时，远亲不如近邻，还是邻居先来帮忙。
Proverbial— Decline within three generations. A saying suggesting that wealth or status often doesn't last beyond three generations.
古语有云“富不过三代”，三代而衰是常见的现象。
Proverbial/Historical— Within the five degrees of mourning (traditional Chinese mourning system). Refers to close relatives subject to specific mourning rituals; implies close kinship.
在古代，五服之内的亲属有严格的礼仪规定。
Historical/Formal혼동하기 쉬운
Both terms mean relatives and are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation.
<strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is more formal and often used in legal or official documents to cover all blood and marriage relations. <strong>亲戚</strong> (qīnqi) is more colloquial and often implies relatives you interact with socially. Think of <strong>亲属</strong> as the umbrella term in formal settings, and <strong>亲戚</strong> as the commonly used term for people you visit or who visit you.
在填写表格时，我用了‘<strong>亲属</strong>’。过年时，我拜访了很多‘<strong>亲戚</strong>’。
Both relate to family, and sometimes immediate family members are also considered <strong>亲属</strong>.
<strong>家人</strong> (jiārén) usually refers to your immediate family (parents, siblings, spouse, children) or the people you live with. <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is a much broader term that includes all relatives, both immediate and extended (aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, etc.). You would say '我的<strong>家人</strong>' (my family) for your core household, and '我的<strong>亲属</strong>' (my relatives) when referring to the entire network.
我的<strong>家人</strong>很爱我，我的<strong>亲属</strong>也都很关心我。
Both refer to relatives, and <strong>血亲</strong> is a type of <strong>亲属</strong>.
<strong>血亲</strong> (xuèqīn) specifically refers to blood relatives, emphasizing the biological connection. <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is a broader term that includes both blood relatives (<strong>血亲</strong>) and relatives by marriage (姻亲 yīnpīn). So, all <strong>血亲</strong> are <strong>亲属</strong>, but not all <strong>亲属</strong> are necessarily <strong>血亲</strong> (e.g., in-laws).
她和她的<strong>血亲</strong>关系很好，但她不太喜欢她的<strong>姻亲</strong>。
Both are terms for relatives, and <strong>直系亲属</strong> is a specific category within <strong>亲属</strong>.
<strong>直系亲属</strong> (zhíxì qīnshǔ) refers specifically to lineal relatives – your parents, grandparents, children, and grandchildren. <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is the general term for all relatives, including collateral relatives like aunts, uncles, and cousins. Think of <strong>亲属</strong> as the whole tree, and <strong>直系亲属</strong> as the main trunk.
在法律上，<strong>直系亲属</strong>的继承权优先于<strong>旁系亲属</strong>。
Both are types of relatives, and <strong>姻亲</strong> are a subset of <strong>亲属</strong>.
<strong>姻亲</strong> (yīnqīn) specifically refers to relatives by marriage (in-laws), such as your spouse's parents, siblings, etc. <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is the overarching term that includes both blood relatives (<strong>血亲</strong>) and relatives by marriage (<strong>姻亲</strong>).
他需要和他的<strong>姻亲</strong>商量这件事，因为这也会影响到<strong>亲属</strong>之间的关系。
문장 패턴
这是我的<strong>亲属</strong>。
这是我的<strong>亲属</strong>。
我的<strong>亲属</strong>住在...
我的<strong>亲属</strong>住在北京。
所有<strong>亲属</strong>都...
所有<strong>亲属</strong>都来了。
他/她重视<strong>亲属</strong>。
他重视他的<strong>亲属</strong>。
与<strong>亲属</strong>...
我很少与<strong>亲属</strong>见面。
对<strong>亲属</strong>...
她对<strong>亲属</strong>很慷慨。
<strong>亲属</strong>关系...
<strong>亲属</strong>关系很重要。
在...中，<strong>亲属</strong>...
在传统观念中，<strong>亲属</strong>之间的义务很重要。
어휘 가족
명사
관련
사용법
Medium-High in formal contexts, lower in casual conversation.
-
Using 亲属 (qīnshǔ) for immediate family only.
→
Use <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) for the broader extended family. For immediate family, use '家人' (jiārén) or specific terms like '父母' (fùmǔ - parents).
<strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) encompasses all relatives by blood or marriage, not just parents and siblings. While immediate family are <strong>亲属</strong>, the term is best used when referring to the wider group.
-
Using 亲属 (qīnshǔ) in very casual conversation.
→
In casual chats, opt for '家人' (jiārén) or '亲戚' (qīnqi). Reserve <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) for more formal contexts.
<strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) has a more formal register. Using it in casual settings can sound stiff or overly academic. For instance, saying '我的<strong>亲属</strong>都来了' might sound a bit formal compared to '我的家人都来了'.
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Confusing 亲属 (qīnshǔ) with friends.
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<strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) refers strictly to family ties by blood or marriage. Use '朋友' (péngyǒu) for friends.
The definition of <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is tied to lineage and legal relationships, not chosen friendships. Even if a friend feels like family, they are not technically <strong>亲属</strong>.
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Incorrect tone or pronunciation.
→
Practice the tones: <strong>亲</strong> (qīn) is first tone (high, level), <strong>属</strong> (shǔ) is second tone (rising). Ensure correct pronunciation of 'q' and 'sh' sounds.
Mispronouncing tones or sounds can lead to misunderstanding. For example, confusing the first tone on 'qīn' with another tone can change the meaning or make it unintelligible.
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Forgetting quantifiers or possessives.
→
Use quantifiers like '所有' (suǒyǒu - all) or possessives like '我的' (wǒ de - my) before <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) when needed.
Sentences like '亲属来了' can sound abrupt. It's more natural to say '我的<strong>亲属</strong>来了' (My relatives have arrived) or '所有<strong>亲属</strong>都来了' (All relatives have arrived).
팁
Formal vs. Informal
Remember that 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a more formal term. For casual conversations about family, '家人' (jiārén) or '亲戚' (qīnqi) are usually more appropriate. Use 亲属 when you need to be precise in formal or official contexts.
Break it Down
Think of 'qīn' sounding like 'kin' (related) and 'shǔ' sounding like 'sure' you are related. So, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) are your 'kin sure' relatives. This helps associate the sound with the meaning.
Official Documents
You will frequently encounter 亲属 (qīnshǔ) when filling out official forms, applications, or legal documents. This is where its formal meaning and broad scope are particularly important.
亲属 vs. 亲戚
While often interchangeable, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) leans formal/legal, encompassing all relations. 亲戚 (qīnqi) is more common in daily life, implying social connections. Use 亲属 when precision and formality are needed.
Quantifiers and Possessives
When using 亲属 (qīnshǔ), remember to include quantifiers (e.g., 所有 - all, 一些 - some) or possessives (e.g., 我的 - my, 他的 - his) to specify which relatives you are referring to.
Tones Matter
Pay close attention to the tones: 亲 (qīn) is a high level tone (first tone), and 属 (shǔ) is a falling-rising tone (second tone). Correct pronunciation is key to being understood.
Family Importance
In Chinese culture, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) hold significant importance. Understanding this cultural context will help you grasp why the term is used so frequently in various aspects of life, from personal to official.
Specific vs. General
Use 亲属 (qīnshǔ) when referring to relatives generally or in a formal capacity. If you mean immediate family, use '家人' (jiārén). If you mean relatives you interact with socially, '亲戚' (qīnqi) might be better.
Related Terms
Learn related terms like 直系亲属 (zhíxì qīnshǔ - direct relatives) and 旁系亲属 (pángxì qīnshǔ - collateral relatives) to understand the nuances of kinship classification.
Sentence Building
Practice creating sentences using 亲属 (qīnshǔ) in different structures: with quantifiers, possessives, adjectives, and verbs. This active practice will solidify your understanding.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'qin' sounding like 'kin' (as in kindred spirits) and 'shu' sounding like 'sure' you are related. So, 'kin sure' are your relatives.
시각적 연상
Imagine a large family tree with many branches. Each branch represents a different group of 亲属 (qīnshǔ). You can visualize 'qīn' as a close hug and 'shǔ' as a list or classification of everyone in that hug.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to list all your 亲属 (qīnshǔ) in Chinese, starting with your immediate family and then expanding to your aunts, uncles, and cousins. For each one, try to use the word 亲属 in a sentence, for example, '我阿姨是我的亲属。' (My aunt is my relative.)
어원
The word 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is formed by two characters with related meanings. '亲' (qīn) means 'close', 'related', or 'kin'. '属' (shǔ) means 'belong to', 'category', or 'classify'. Together, they literally mean 'belonging to the close kin' or 'classified as close kin'. This combination effectively denotes individuals who are closely related.
원래 의미: The character '亲' (qīn) has ancient origins, often associated with the heart (心 xīn) and a sound component indicating closeness. '属' (shǔ) originally depicted a hand holding a string or a rope, suggesting connection or belonging. The combination emphasizes the concept of belonging to a close-knit group.
Sino-Tibetan문화적 맥락
When discussing family matters, especially in a formal or official capacity, using the term 亲属 is appropriate. Be mindful that family structures can vary, and some individuals may have complex relationships with their relatives. Always use respectful language.
In English-speaking cultures, the term 'relatives' or 'family' is generally used. While there are specific terms for different family members (aunt, uncle, cousin), 'relatives' serves as a broad collective noun similar to 亲属. However, the emphasis on extended family obligations might be less pronounced than in traditional Chinese culture.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Filling out official forms (e.g., visa applications, legal documents)
- 请填写您的<strong>亲属</strong>信息。
- 提供<strong>亲属</strong>关系证明。
- 所有<strong>亲属</strong>均需申报。
Discussing family history or genealogy
- 我的<strong>亲属</strong>来自这个地区。
- 追溯<strong>亲属</strong>的来源。
- 了解家族的<strong>亲属</strong>网络。
Legal matters related to inheritance or family law
- <strong>亲属</strong>之间的继承权。
- 法定<strong>亲属</strong>的权利。
- 处理<strong>亲属</strong>纠纷。
Formal announcements or gatherings
- 欢迎各位<strong>亲属</strong>的光临。
- 与<strong>亲属</strong>共度时光。
- <strong>亲属</strong>代表发言。
Sociological or anthropological discussions about family structures
- 现代社会<strong>亲属</strong>关系的变化。
- <strong>亲属</strong>网络的作用。
- 跨文化<strong>亲属</strong>观念。
대화 시작하기
"Do you have many 亲属 (qīnshǔ) in China?"
"When was the last time you met with your 亲属 (qīnshǔ)?"
"What's the difference between 亲属 (qīnshǔ) and 亲戚 (qīnqi)?"
"In your culture, how important are 亲属 (qīnshǔ)?"
"Are there any special customs for gathering with 亲属 (qīnshǔ) in China?"
일기 주제
Describe a memorable gathering with your <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ). What made it special?
How has the role of <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) in your life changed over time?
Compare and contrast the concept of <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) in Chinese culture with how family is viewed in your own culture.
Imagine you need to fill out a form asking about your <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ). What kind of information would you need to provide?
Reflect on the obligations and support systems typically associated with <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) in traditional Chinese society.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문While both mean 'relatives,' 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is generally more formal and often used in legal or official contexts to refer to all blood and marriage relations. 亲戚 (qīnqi) is more colloquial and commonly used in everyday conversation, often implying relatives with whom you have social interactions. For example, you might provide 亲属 information on a legal form, but invite your 亲戚 to a birthday party.
Yes, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a broad term that includes relatives by blood (like parents, siblings) and relatives by marriage (like in-laws). If you want to be specific about relatives by marriage, you can use the term 姻亲 (yīnqīn).
亲属 (qīnshǔ) is less common in very casual, everyday conversation compared to '家人' (jiārén - family members) or '亲戚' (qīnqi - relatives). It tends to sound more formal. In casual talk, people usually refer to specific family members or use '家人' or '亲戚'.
You would use 亲属 (qīnshǔ) when you need to refer to the entire network of your relatives, especially in formal settings like filling out documents, discussing legal matters, or when emphasizing the broader family connection beyond just your immediate household. It's about the collective group of related individuals.
Yes, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) can refer to a single relative. For example, '他是我的一位亲属' (Tā shì wǒ de yī wèi qīnshǔ) means 'He is one of my relatives.' However, it's often used to refer to the group of relatives collectively.
Direct relatives are called 直系亲属 (zhíxì qīnshǔ). This includes your parents, grandparents, children, and grandchildren – those in a direct line of ascent or descent.
Distant relatives are called 远房亲属 (yuǎnfāng qīnshǔ). This refers to relatives who are not closely related, such as cousins of cousins or relatives further down the family tree.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) is primarily a noun, meaning 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk'.
亲属 (qīnshǔ) can be singular or plural depending on context. Plurality is often indicated by quantifiers like '所有' (all) or '一些' (some), or by the context of the sentence. Adding '们' (men) like '亲属们' is possible but less common than for other nouns.
Yes, there are several idioms that relate to the concept of kinship and relatives, such as '血浓于水' (xuè nóng yú shuǐ - blood is thicker than water) and '打断骨头连着筋' (dǎ duàn gǔtou liánzhe jīn - though bones may break, the tendons still connect), emphasizing the strong bonds among relatives.
셀프 테스트 10 질문
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Summary
<strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) is the general Chinese term for 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk', referring to a broad network of family members connected by blood or marriage. It is more formal than 'family members' (家人 jiārén) and is often found in official documents, legal contexts, and discussions about lineage.
- <strong>亲属</strong> (qīnshǔ) refers to relatives or kinsfolk, encompassing extended family members.
- It's a more formal term than 'family' and often used in official documents or discussions.
- Includes parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws.
- Use it when referring to the broader network of family connections.
Formal vs. Informal
Remember that 亲属 (qīnshǔ) is a more formal term. For casual conversations about family, '家人' (jiārén) or '亲戚' (qīnqi) are usually more appropriate. Use 亲属 when you need to be precise in formal or official contexts.
Break it Down
Think of 'qīn' sounding like 'kin' (related) and 'shǔ' sounding like 'sure' you are related. So, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) are your 'kin sure' relatives. This helps associate the sound with the meaning.
Official Documents
You will frequently encounter 亲属 (qīnshǔ) when filling out official forms, applications, or legal documents. This is where its formal meaning and broad scope are particularly important.
亲属 vs. 亲戚
While often interchangeable, 亲属 (qīnshǔ) leans formal/legal, encompassing all relations. 亲戚 (qīnqi) is more common in daily life, implying social connections. Use 亲属 when precision and formality are needed.
예시
所有的亲属都来参加了他的婚礼。
관련 콘텐츠
관련 문법 규칙
family 관련 단어
百日宴
A2'백일잔치'(百日宴)는 아기가 태어난 지 100일이 된 것을 축하하는 중국의 전통적인 연회입니다.
一对
A2한 쌍의 물건이나 연인 관계인 두 사람을 세는 단위.
迁就
B2To accommodate; to yield to.
称呼
A2호칭; 부르는 이름. 상대방의 나이나 지위에 맞춰 적절한 호칭을 사용하는 것이 중요합니다.
住址
A2Address.
认错
A2To admit a mistake.
领养
A2아이를 입양하거나 반려동물을 입양하다.
收养
B1아이를 법적으로 입양하다.
养女
A2양녀. 생물학적 부모가 아닌 부모에 의해 길러지는 입양된 딸.
养子
A2양자. 생물학적 부모가 아닌 부모에게서 길러지는 아들을 말합니다.
