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A1 noun 7分で読める

pohlaví

練習する例文メモとヒント pohlaví 30秒で

解説 pohlaví in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'pohlaví' means 'gender' or 'sex'. You will see this word on forms. The most important phrases are 'mužské pohlaví' (male) and 'ženské pohlaví' (female). Remember that the word ends in 'í' and is neuter, so adjectives describing it also end in 'é'. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just recognize it when you fill out your name and address on a document. It's a 'static' word at this level, meaning it doesn't change much in the sentences you'll be using.

At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'pohlaví' in simple sentences about people and animals. You might use it to ask about a new baby: 'Jakého pohlaví je to miminko?' (What gender is the baby?). You should also be aware of the difference between 'pohlaví' and 'rod' (grammatical gender), as you start learning about masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns. You'll notice that 'pohlaví' is used in medical contexts, so knowing it helps when visiting a doctor in a Czech-speaking country.

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At the B1 level, you can use 'pohlaví' in more abstract discussions, such as talking about equality or social differences. You should be comfortable with its declension (the 'stavení' pattern). You will encounter phrases like 'rovnost pohlaví' (gender equality) in news articles. You should also start recognizing the adjective 'pohlavní' (sexual/gender-related) in terms like 'pohlavní orgány' or 'pohlavní styk' (though these are more technical). You can explain your identity or describe administrative requirements using this word.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance between 'pohlaví' (biological/general) and the loanword 'gender' (social construct). You can participate in debates about 'diskriminace na základě pohlaví' (gender-based discrimination). You should be able to use the word in all cases fluently, including the plural 'pohlavích'. Your understanding of the word should extend to scientific contexts, such as biology or sociology, where 'pohlavní výběr' (sexual selection) might be discussed.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the historical and stylistic uses of 'pohlaví'. You recognize archaic terms like 'krásné pohlaví' and understand the legal implications of 'změna pohlaví' (gender reassignment). You can discuss complex topics like the 'tekutost pohlaví' (gender fluidity) and use precise terminology in academic writing. You are also aware of how the word functions in legal statutes and official government communications, where precision is paramount.

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At the C2 level, you use 'pohlaví' with the precision of a native speaker. You understand its etymological roots and how it relates to other Slavic languages. You can analyze literary texts that use the word as a metaphor or within specific historical discourses. You are capable of translating complex English concepts of 'sex' vs 'gender' into Czech, choosing between 'pohlaví', 'rod', or 'gender' based on the specific context and intended audience, and you can navigate the most formal or technical environments with ease.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

pohlaví 30秒で

Pohlaví means 'sex' or 'gender' in Czech.
It is a neuter noun belonging to the 'stavení' pattern.
Essential for official forms and medical contexts.
Distinguished from 'rod' (grammatical gender).

The Czech word pohlaví is a fundamental noun used to describe the biological sex or social gender of a person or animal. In its most basic sense, it refers to the classification of living beings as male or female based on reproductive functions. However, in modern Czech, its usage has expanded to encompass broader discussions about identity, though it still retains a strong connection to biological and administrative contexts. When you are filling out a form in the Czech Republic, whether at a doctor's office or a government building, you will almost certainly encounter this word in the section asking for your personal details.

Biological Classification: In biological and medical contexts, pohlaví refers to the anatomical and physiological traits. For example, 'mužské pohlaví' (male sex) and 'ženské pohlaví' (female sex) are the standard terms used in scientific literature and medical records.
Administrative Identity: On official documents like passports (pas), ID cards (občanský průkaz), and birth certificates (rodný list), pohlaví is the standard label for the gender marker. It is usually abbreviated to 'M' for muž (man) and 'Ž' for žena (woman).
Social and Linguistic Nuance: While English often distinguishes between 'sex' (biological) and 'gender' (social), Czech traditionally uses pohlaví for both. While the loanword 'gender' is increasingly used in academic and activist circles, the average Czech speaker will use pohlaví to cover both concepts unless a specific distinction is required.

Při vyplňování formuláře musíte uvést své pohlaví.

Translation: When filling out the form, you must state your gender/sex.

Věda rozlišuje mezi mužským a ženským pohlavím.

Translation: Science distinguishes between the male and female sex.

Beyond the human sphere, pohlaví is also used in botany and zoology. You might hear about 'pohlaví rostlin' (the sex of plants) when discussing pollination. In everyday conversation, the term is neutral and formal. It is not considered slang, but rather the standard, respectful way to refer to this aspect of identity. Interestingly, the word is etymologically related to the concept of 'half' or 'side', suggesting a division of a whole into two parts.

Using pohlaví correctly requires understanding its role as a neuter noun and how it interacts with adjectives. Because it ends in a long 'í', it belongs to the soft declension pattern 'stavení'. This is a blessing for learners because the word looks the same in the nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative singular cases.

Agreement with Adjectives: Since pohlaví is neuter, any adjective describing it must also be in the neuter form. For example: 'silné pohlaví' (the strong sex - traditionally referring to men) and 'slabé pohlaví' (the weak sex - traditionally referring to women, though these terms are now often seen as outdated or used ironically).
Prepositional Usage: Common prepositions used with this word include 'podle' (according to) and 'bez ohledu na' (regardless of). For example: 'Rozdělení podle pohlaví' (Division according to gender).

Lékař určil pohlaví dítěte už ve dvanáctém týdnu.

Translation: The doctor determined the baby's sex as early as the twelfth week.

Diskriminace na základě pohlaví je v této firmě nepřípustná.

Translation: Discrimination on the basis of gender is unacceptable in this company.

In plural forms, pohlaví is used to refer to both sexes collectively. 'Obě pohlaví' (both sexes/genders) is a very common phrase. For example: 'Tato soutěž je otevřená pro obě pohlaví.' (This competition is open to both sexes). When discussing sociology or psychology, you might encounter 'pohlavní identita' (gender identity), where 'pohlavní' is the adjectival form derived from the noun.

Understanding where pohlaví fits into daily life helps in recognizing its register. It is not a word you use every five minutes in casual conversation, like 'ahoj' or 'pivo', but it is essential for formal and specific contexts.

The Doctor's Office (U lékaře): Medical professionals use pohlaví constantly. From discussing symptoms that might be gender-specific to checking ultrasound results during pregnancy, this is the primary term for biological sex.
News and Media (Zprávy): When reporting statistics, journalists use pohlaví. 'Nezaměstnanost se liší podle pohlaví' (Unemployment varies by gender). You will also hear it in debates about equal pay or social representation.
Legal and Official Forms (Úřady): Every official registration, from signing up for a gym membership to applying for a visa, requires you to identify your pohlaví.

V dotazníku byla kolonka pro pohlaví hned vedle data narození.

Translation: In the questionnaire, the box for gender was right next to the date of birth.

You might also encounter the word in historical or literary contexts. Older literature might use 'krásné pohlaví' (the fair sex) to refer to women, though this is now considered archaic and somewhat patronizing. In biology class, students learn about 'pohlavní rozmnožování' (sexual reproduction), further cementing the word's role as the scientific standard for sex-related concepts.

For English speakers, the most common pitfall when using pohlaví is confusing it with other Czech words that translate to 'gender' in specific contexts, or misapplying grammatical rules.

Pohlaví vs. Rod: This is the biggest hurdle. Pohlaví is biological/social gender. Rod is grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neuter). If you are talking about whether a noun is masculine, use rod. If you are talking about whether a person is male, use pohlaví.
Declension Errors: Because pohlaví ends in 'í', some learners try to decline it like an adjective. It is a noun! Do not say 'pohlavího' for the genitive; it remains 'pohlaví'.

Špatně: Jaký je rod tohoto pacienta? Správně: Jaké je pohlaví tohoto pacienta?

Translation: Wrong: What is the grammatical gender of this patient? Right: What is the sex/gender of this patient?

Another mistake is using the word 'sex' in Czech. While 'sex' exists in Czech, it refers exclusively to the act of sexual intercourse. If you want to talk about someone's gender on a form, never use 'sex'; always use pohlaví. Additionally, learners often forget that pohlaví is neuter. Saying 'mužský pohlaví' is incorrect; it must be 'mužské pohlaví' to match the neuter gender of the noun.

To truly master pohlaví, you should know its synonyms and how it compares to related terms in the Czech language.

Rod: Meaning 'lineage', 'genus', or 'grammatical gender'. In modern sociological texts, you might see 'sociální rod' used to translate 'gender' as a social construct, but pohlaví remains more common for general use.
Gender: This is a direct loanword from English. It is used specifically in academic, feminist, and LGBT+ contexts to distinguish social identity from biological sex (pohlaví).
Sexualita: While pohlaví is about identity/classification, sexualita refers to sexual orientation and behavior. Do not confuse the two.

V biologii mluvíme o pohlaví, v lingvistice o rodu.

Translation: In biology we talk about sex, in linguistics about (grammatical) gender.

When describing someone's nature or character, Czechs sometimes use 'nátura' or 'povaha', but these are never used as substitutes for pohlaví. If you want to be very formal, you might use the phrase 'příslušník mužského/ženského pohlaví' (a member of the male/female sex), which is common in police reports or legal documents. Understanding these distinctions ensures you sound natural and precise in your Czech communication.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word is related to 'polovina' (half) in some Slavic roots, reflecting the binary view of male and female as two halves of humanity.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈpohlaviː/

US /ˈpohlaviː/

First syllable (poh-).

韻が合う語

stavení vzdělání volání zdání nání vání tání hraní

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'h' like 'ch' (it should be voiced).
Shortening the final 'í'.
Stress on the second syllable.
Mispronouncing the 'v' as a 'w'.
Failing to make the 'l' clear.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize on forms.

ライティング 2/5

Easy declension, but remember the long 'í'.

スピーキング 2/5

The 'h' and 'v' sounds need practice.

リスニング 1/5

Distinctive sound, easy to pick out.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

muž žena dítě rod jméno

次に学ぶ

identita orientace vztah manželství rodina

上級

dimorfismus reprodukce hormonální chromozom sociologie

知っておくべき文法

Neuter Noun Declension (stavení)

Pohlaví (Nom), Pohlaví (Gen), Pohlaví (Acc).

Adjective Agreement

Mužské (neuter) pohlaví.

Preposition 'podle' with Genitive

Rozdělení podle pohlaví.

Instrumental Plural '-mi'

Mezi pohlavími.

Possessive Adjectives with Neuter

Svoje pohlaví.

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レベル別の例文

Moje pohlaví je mužské.

My gender is male.

Neuter singular nominative.

Jaké je vaše pohlaví?

What is your gender?

Interrogative sentence.

Zaškrtněte své pohlaví.

Tick your gender.

Imperative verb.

Ženské pohlaví.

Female gender.

Adjective-noun agreement.

Mužské pohlaví.

Male gender.

Adjective-noun agreement.

Dítě má mužské pohlaví.

The child is male.

Simple present tense.

Pohlaví: Žena.

Gender: Woman.

Label on a form.

To je neutrální pohlaví.

That is a neutral gender.

Demonstrative pronoun 'to'.

Víme už pohlaví miminka?

Do we know the baby's gender yet?

Accusative case (looks like nominative).

Pes je mužského pohlaví.

The dog is male.

Genitive case with 'mužského'.

Na formuláři chybí pohlaví.

The gender is missing on the form.

Subject of the sentence.

Máte obě pohlaví v týmu?

Do you have both genders in the team?

Plural accusative.

Hledáme lidi obou pohlaví.

We are looking for people of both genders.

Genitive plural.

Kočka je ženského pohlaví.

The cat is female.

Genitive case.

Rozlišujeme dvě pohlaví.

We distinguish two genders.

Numeral 'dvě' (neuter).

Jeho pohlaví není důležité.

His gender is not important.

Possessive pronoun 'jeho'.

Rovnost pohlaví je důležité téma.

Gender equality is an important topic.

Compound subject.

Diskriminace na základě pohlaví je nelegální.

Discrimination based on gender is illegal.

Prepositional phrase 'na základě'.

Vědci zkoumali pohlaví těchto rostlin.

Scientists examined the sex of these plants.

Genitive plural of 'rostlin'.

Každé pohlaví má své specifické potřeby.

Each gender has its specific needs.

Indefinite pronoun 'každé'.

Pohlaví se určuje při narození.

Gender is determined at birth.

Passive voice construction.

Mluvíme o opačném pohlaví.

We are talking about the opposite sex.

Locative case after 'o'.

Statistiky se liší podle pohlaví.

Statistics vary by gender.

Preposition 'podle' + genitive.

Máte právo na utajení svého pohlaví.

You have the right to keep your gender secret.

Genitive case 'svého pohlaví'.

Biologické pohlaví se nemusí shodovat s identitou.

Biological sex may not coincide with identity.

Reflexive verb 'shodovat se'.

V mnoha kulturách existuje i třetí pohlaví.

In many cultures, there is also a third gender.

Ordinal numeral 'třetí'.

Pohlavní dimorfismus je u ptáků běžný.

Sexual dimorphism is common in birds.

Adjective 'pohlavní'.

Změna pohlaví je v Česku možná.

Gender reassignment is possible in Czechia.

Noun phrase 'změna pohlaví'.

Stereotypy spojené s pohlavím jsou škodlivé.

Stereotypes associated with gender are harmful.

Participle 'spojené'.

Pohlavní dospělost nastává v pubertě.

Sexual maturity occurs during puberty.

Technical term.

Pracovní pozice je otevřena bez ohledu na pohlaví.

The job position is open regardless of gender.

Complex prepositional phrase.

Výzkum se zaměřil na rozdíly mezi pohlavími.

The research focused on the differences between the sexes.

Instrumental plural.

Koncept pohlaví je v sociologii podrobován kritice.

The concept of gender is being criticized in sociology.

Passive present tense.

Pohlaví se stalo politickým tématem.

Gender has become a political topic.

Perfect tense with 'stát se'.

Binární vnímání pohlaví je překonáno.

The binary perception of gender is outdated.

Passive participle 'překonáno'.

Právní uznání jiného než binárního pohlaví.

Legal recognition of other than binary gender.

Complex noun phrase.

Pohlavní identita je vnitřní prožitek jedince.

Gender identity is an individual's internal experience.

Definition-style sentence.

Vliv hormonů na vývoj pohlaví.

The influence of hormones on gender development.

Scientific context.

Historické vnímání 'slabého pohlaví'.

The historical perception of the 'fair sex'.

Quotation/Idiom usage.

Pohlavní rozmnožování zajišťuje genetickou variabilitu.

Sexual reproduction ensures genetic variability.

Biological fact.

Ontologický status pohlaví je předmětem sporů.

The ontological status of gender is a subject of dispute.

Academic register.

Dekonstrukce tradičních rolí spjatých s pohlavím.

Deconstruction of traditional roles tied to gender.

High-level vocabulary.

Pohlaví jakožto sociální konstrukt.

Gender as a social construct.

Conjunction 'jakožto'.

Intersekcionalita zohledňuje pohlaví i třídu.

Intersectionality takes into account both gender and class.

Sociological terminology.

Evoluční psychologie zkoumá původ pohlaví.

Evolutionary psychology examines the origin of gender.

Scientific discipline.

Fluidita pohlaví v post-moderním diskurzu.

Gender fluidity in post-modern discourse.

Abstract concept.

Pohlavní dimorfismus u hominidů.

Sexual dimorphism in hominids.

Anthropological context.

Legislativní ukotvení pojmu pohlaví.

Legislative anchoring of the term gender.

Legal terminology.

よく使う組み合わせ

mužské pohlaví

ženské pohlaví

obě pohlaví

opačné pohlaví

určení pohlaví

změna pohlaví

rovnost pohlaví

pohlavní orgány

pohlavní styk

pohlavní identita

よく使うフレーズ

silné pohlaví

— Traditional term for men.

Muži jsou často nazýváni silným pohlavím.

slabé pohlaví

— Traditional (archaic) term for women.

Dříve se ženám říkalo slabé pohlaví.

krásné pohlaví

— Complimentary but archaic term for women.

Vítáme zde zástupkyně krásného pohlaví.

příslušník pohlaví

— A member of a specific gender.

Jako příslušník mužského pohlaví to vidím jinak.

bez ohledu na pohlaví

— Regardless of gender.

Vybíráme zaměstnance bez ohledu na pohlaví.

rozdíly mezi pohlavími

— Differences between genders.

Existují psychologické rozdíly mezi pohlavími.

podle pohlaví

— According to gender.

Data jsou tříděna podle pohlaví.

třetí pohlaví

— Refers to non-binary or intersex identities.

Některé země uznávají třetí pohlaví.

pohlavní znaky

— Sexual characteristics.

Sekundární pohlavní znaky se objevují v pubertě.

pohlavní zralost

— Sexual maturity.

Zvíře dosáhlo pohlavní zralosti.

よく混同される語

pohlaví vs rod

Rod is grammatical gender (masculine/feminine/neuter). Pohlaví is biological sex.

pohlaví vs sex

Sex in Czech usually refers to the act of intercourse, not the category on a form.

pohlaví vs povaha

Povaha means character/personality, not biological gender.

慣用句と表現

"Válka pohlaví"

— The metaphorical conflict between men and women in society.

Film pojednává o věčné válce pohlaví.

journalistic

"Něžné pohlaví"

— A poetic and soft way to refer to women.

Něžné pohlaví má v této profesi převahu.

literary

"Drsné pohlaví"

— A rough way to refer to men (humorous).

My, drsné pohlaví, pláčeme jen zřídka.

informal

"Pohlaví v ohrožení"

— Often used in biology to describe a species with few reproductive members.

Toto pohlaví je v rámci druhu v ohrožení.

scientific

"Zástupce pohlaví"

— A representative of a gender.

Byl jediným zástupcem mužského pohlaví v sále.

neutral

"Pohlaví není osud"

— A philosophical/feminist saying suggesting gender shouldn't limit one.

Věříme, že pohlaví není osud.

philosophical

"Smíšené pohlaví"

— Referring to a group of both men and women.

Byl to kolektiv smíšeného pohlaví.

neutral

"Pohlaví na papíře"

— Referring to legal gender markers vs. internal identity.

Moje pohlaví na papíře neodpovídá pravdě.

informal

"Pohlavní pud"

— Sexual drive/instinct.

Pohlavní pud je silná motivace.

psychological

"Hranice mezi pohlavími"

— The distinction or boundary between genders.

Hranice mezi pohlavími se stírají.

sociological

間違えやすい

pohlaví vs rod

Both translate to 'gender' in English.

Rod is for grammar (words), pohlaví is for people (biology).

Slovo 'stůl' je mužského rodu, ale já jsem mužského pohlaví.

pohlaví vs pohlavní

It's the adjective form.

Pohlaví is the noun (gender), pohlavní is the adjective (sexual/gender-related).

Pohlavní styk vs. Moje pohlaví.

pohlaví vs pokolení

Sounds slightly similar.

Pokolení means 'generation'.

Nové pokolení.

pohlaví vs pohlazení

Very similar spelling.

Pohlazení means 'a caress' or 'a stroke'.

Dala mu pohlazení.

pohlaví vs polovina

Related root.

Polovina means 'half'.

Polovina jablka.

文型パターン

Moje pohlaví je [adjective].

Moje pohlaví je mužské.

Jaké je [possessive] pohlaví?

Jaké je vaše pohlaví?

Diskriminace na základě [noun] je [adjective].

Diskriminace na základě pohlaví je špatná.

Rozdíly mezi [plural instrumental] jsou [adjective].

Rozdíly mezi pohlavími jsou zajímavé.

Bez ohledu na [accusative]...

Bez ohledu na pohlaví, každý má právo...

Koncept [genitive] se v čase [verb].

Koncept pohlaví se v čase mění.

Určení [genitive] u [genitive].

Určení pohlaví u dítěte.

Je to [noun] [genitive] pohlaví.

Je to pes mužského pohlaví.

語族

名詞

pohlavnost

動詞

pohlavit

形容詞

pohlavní

bezpohlavní

mezipohlavní

使い方

frequency

Common in administrative and medical contexts; moderate in daily speech.

よくある間違い

Můj pohlaví → Moje pohlaví
Pohlaví is neuter, so you must use the neuter possessive pronoun 'moje'.
Jaký je tvůj rod? → Jaké je tvoje pohlaví?
Don't use 'rod' for a person's gender; use 'pohlaví'.
Mužský pohlaví → Mužské pohlaví
The adjective must be neuter ('-é') to match the noun.
Pohlavího → Pohlaví
In the genitive case, the word remains 'pohlaví', not 'pohlavího'.
Mít sex na papíře → Mít pohlaví na papíře
Using 'sex' for the category on a form sounds like you are talking about intercourse.

ヒント

Declension Trick

Since 'pohlaví' ends in 'í', it stays the same in singular cases 1, 2, 3, and 4. This makes it very easy to use!

Forms

When you see 'M' and 'Ž' on a form, 'M' is for Muž (Male) and 'Ž' is for Žena (Female).

Opposite Sex

Use 'opačné pohlaví' to talk about the opposite sex. It's much more common than saying 'jiné pohlaví'.

Voiced H

Make sure you voice the 'h'. It’s not a silent letter, and it’s not as harsh as 'ch'.

Professionalism

In a legal or medical document, always use 'pohlaví' rather than trying to use English-sounding words.

The 'í' Rule

The long 'í' at the end is like a long line—think of the line people stand in, divided by gender.

Pohlaví vs Rod

People have 'pohlaví', words have 'rod'. If it breathes, it's 'pohlaví'.

Plants

Yes, you can use 'pohlaví' for plants too! It's the standard biological term.

Adjective Matching

Always end your adjectives in '-é' when describing 'pohlaví' (e.g., mužské, ženské).

Context Clues

If you hear 'obě' (both), the next word is very likely 'pohlaví' in a social context.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'POHLAVÍ' as the 'POrtal to the Head (HLAVA) of Identity'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a form with two boxes, 'M' and 'Ž', and the word 'POHLAVÍ' written above them in bold.

Word Web

muž žena rod formulář biologie identita rovnost lékař

チャレンジ

Try to find the word 'pohlaví' on any Czech website that requires registration.

語源

Derived from the Old Czech word 'pohlaviti', which meant 'to distinguish' or 'to sort'. It is related to the root 'hlava' (head), possibly suggesting a 'heading' or 'category'.

元の意味： A classification or a specific group.

Slavic (Indo-European).

文化的な背景

Always use the term respectfully. While 'pohlaví' is neutral, avoid outdated terms like 'slabé pohlaví' in professional settings.

English speakers might find it strange that one word covers both 'sex' and 'gender' so frequently.

The movie 'Válka pohlaví' (Czech title for 'Battle of the Sexes'). Sociological studies by Czech universities on 'genderové studie'. Medical textbooks at Charles University.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Medical Checkup

Jaké je pohlaví?
Pohlavní orgány jsou v pořádku.
Změna pohlaví.
Hormony podle pohlaví.

Filling Forms

Zaškrtněte pohlaví.
Kolonka pro pohlaví.
Uveďte pohlaví.
Chybějící údaj o pohlaví.

Social Discussion

Rovnost pohlaví.
Diskriminace na základě pohlaví.
Role obou pohlaví.
Třetí pohlaví.

Biology Class

Pohlavní rozmnožování.
Určení pohlaví u zvířat.
Pohlavní buňky.
Sekundární pohlavní znaky.

Dating

Hledám opačné pohlaví.
Nezáleží mi na pohlaví.
Preference pohlaví.
Stejnopohlavní pár.

会話のきっかけ

"Víte už, jakého pohlaví bude vaše miminko?"

"Myslíte si, že v naší společnosti existuje skutečná rovnost pohlaví?"

"Jaké pohlaví je váš nový domácí mazlíček?"

"Je pro vás důležité pohlaví lékaře, ke kterému jdete?"

"Setkali jste se někdy s diskriminací na základě pohlaví?"

日記のテーマ

Popište, jaké role hraje pohlaví v tradiční české kultuře a jak se to mění.

Napište o situaci, kdy na pohlaví člověka vůbec nezáleželo.

Zamyslete se nad tím, proč je na většině formulářů stále vyžadováno pohlaví.

Jaké jsou podle vás největší rozdíly mezi pohlavími v oblasti komunikace?

Napište svůj názor na zavedení třetího pohlaví do oficiálních dokumentů.

よくある質問

10 問

No, it is the standard, neutral, and scientific word for gender or sex in Czech. It is used in all official contexts without any negative connotation.

No, you must use the word 'rod' when talking about whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. Using 'pohlaví' for grammar would be a mistake.

The plural is also 'pohlaví' in the nominative. For example, 'obě pohlaví' (both sexes). The instrumental plural is 'pohlavími'.

You say 'rovnost pohlaví'. This is the standard phrase used by the media and government.

Yes, 'nebinární'. You would say 'nebinární pohlaví' or 'nebinární identita'.

It means 'gender reassignment' or 'sex change'. It is a formal medical and legal term.

Grammatical gender in Czech is often arbitrary. Words ending in '-í' like 'stavení' or 'pohlaví' are typically neuter.

Yes, it is perfectly normal to use it for animals. 'Jaké pohlaví má váš pes?' is a very common question.

Traditionally, 'pohlaví' covers both. However, in academic settings, 'pohlaví' is biological and 'gender' (loanword) is social.

Yes, in all cases where the word is 'pohlaví', the 'í' is long. This is a key feature of the 'stavení' declension pattern.

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