C2 Expression Formal 9 min read

According to this argument

Argumentation and critical discussion expression

In 15 Seconds

  • Used to analyze a specific line of reasoning objectively.
  • Ideal for academic writing, debates, and professional discussions.
  • Helps separate the logic from the person who proposed it.
  • Requires a previously mentioned theory or statement to reference.

Meaning

This phrase acts as a linguistic safety net that lets you examine someone's logic from a distance. It’s like saying, 'I see the path you’re taking, but I haven't decided if I want to walk it with you yet.' It adds a layer of objective scrutiny, suggesting that you are analyzing a specific line of reasoning rather than stating a universal truth.

Key Examples

3 of 10
1

In a university seminar discussing economics

According to this argument, the market should have corrected itself years ago.

According to this argument, the market should have corrected itself years ago.

<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>
2

Replying to a complex theory in a Reddit thread

According to this argument, the main character was actually a ghost the whole time.

According to this argument, the main character was actually a ghost the whole time.

<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>
3

A lawyer addressing a judge in a courtroom

According to this argument, my client would have had to be in two places at once.

According to this argument, my client would have had to be in two places at once.

<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>
🌍

Cultural Background

Common in legal and academic settings.

🎯

Use it for distance

It's your best friend when you need to critique without being mean.

In 15 Seconds

  • Used to analyze a specific line of reasoning objectively.
  • Ideal for academic writing, debates, and professional discussions.
  • Helps separate the logic from the person who proposed it.
  • Requires a previously mentioned theory or statement to reference.

What It Means

Ever found yourself in a deep YouTube comment section debate or a high-stakes Zoom meeting where you needed to dissect a point without sounding like a total hater? That is exactly where According to this argument comes in to save your social standing. It is the verbal equivalent of putting on a lab coat and goggles before looking at a messy idea. Instead of just saying 'You are wrong,' you are saying 'Let us look at the internal mechanics of what you just proposed.' It is sophisticated, sharp, and very C2.

What It Means

At its core, According to this argument is a framing device. When you use it, you are pointing at a specific set of reasons or a specific logic trail. The word argument here doesn't mean a loud fight with your sibling over who ate the last slice of pizza. In academic and professional English, an argument is a structured series of statements intended to establish a proposition. So, when you say According to this argument, you are signaling that you are about to discuss the logical consequences of that structure. It’s a way of saying, 'If we follow this specific map, this is where we end up.' It carries a vibe of intellectual detachment. You aren't necessarily agreeing or disagreeing yet; you are just being a good mental detective. It’s perfect for those moments when you want to show you’ve been listening closely but still have some tough questions to ask. Just don't use it to explain why you were late to dinner, or your partner might think you've spent too much time in law school.

How To Use It

You will almost always find this phrase at the very beginning of a sentence. It sets the stage for the analysis that follows. Grammatically, it functions as an introductory prepositional phrase. You follow it with a comma, and then you drop your observation. For example: According to this argument, we should prioritize speed over safety. Notice how the phrase points back to something previously mentioned? That is the 'this' part doing the heavy lifting. You can’t just start a conversation with it out of the blue. It requires a context—a theory, a proposal, or a statement—that has already been laid out on the table. It’s like a bridge connecting what was just said to what you are about to analyze. You can also use it in the middle of a sentence if you’re feeling fancy, like: 'The conclusion, according to this argument, seems inevitable.' But sticking to the start is the safest bet for clarity. It’s a heavy-duty tool, so use it sparingly; if you use it in every sentence, you’ll sound like a robot trying to pass a philosophy exam.

Formality & Register

This is a 'black-tie' phrase. It lives in the world of academic papers, legal briefs, high-level business strategy, and serious journalism. If you are writing a C2-level essay or taking an IELTS/TOEFL exam, this is your best friend. It shows the examiner that you can handle complex rhetorical structures. In a casual setting, like texting your friend about where to get tacos, it would sound incredibly weird and sarcastic. Imagine texting: According to this argument, the taco truck on 5th street is superior. Your friend would probably ask if you’re okay. It’s neutral in tone but high in formality. It doesn't carry emotional baggage like anger or joy; it carries the 'vibe' of a library or a courtroom. Use it when you want to sound authoritative, objective, and deeply analytical. It’s basically the 'adult in the room' of English phrases.

Real-Life Examples

You’ll see this all over the place once you start looking. Think of a Netflix documentary where a historian is dissecting a failed military strategy. They might say, According to this argument, the invasion was doomed from the start. Or imagine a tech podcast discussing the ethics of AI. A guest might chime in with, According to this argument, the software is merely a tool, not a creator. It’s also very common in Reddit threads where users are debating lore from movies or games. If someone posts a theory about *Stranger Things*, a reply might start with, According to this argument, Eleven shouldn't have been able to close the gate. It’s a way to engage with the theory without fully committing to it. In the corporate world, you’ll hear it during strategy sessions: According to this argument, our Q4 projections are overly optimistic. It’s a polite way to point out a potential flaw without pointing a finger at a specific person. It focuses on the *logic*, not the *person*.

When To Use It

Use it when you are summarizing a point of view that isn't necessarily your own. It’s great for 'Steel-manning'—the practice of explaining someone else's argument as clearly and fairly as possible before you critique it. It’s also perfect for examining the logical limits of a theory. If a theory says 'A leads to B,' you can use the phrase to show that 'B leads to C.' For example: According to this argument, if we lower taxes, revenue should actually increase. It’s also useful in job interviews when you are asked to analyze a hypothetical scenario. It shows you have a structured mind. Use it when you want to be precise. Precision is the hallmark of a C2 speaker, and this phrase is a precision instrument. It tells the listener exactly what you are focusing on. If English were a video game, using this phrase correctly would be like hitting a 'critical hit' in a debate.

When NOT To Use It

Do not use this for personal opinions or feelings. You wouldn't say, According to this argument, I am hungry. That makes it sound like your stomach is presenting a formal legal case to your brain. Also, avoid using it when the 'argument' isn't clearly defined. If no one has actually made a point yet, saying According to this argument will just confuse everyone. It’s also too heavy for small talk. If you’re at a party and someone says they like the music, don't reply with, According to this argument, we should stay on the dance floor. You will be left dancing alone. Finally, don't use it if you want to be seen as warm and fuzzy. It’s a cold, logical phrase. If you’re trying to comfort a friend who just went through a breakup, keep this phrase far, far away. Nobody wants a logical analysis of their broken heart.

Common Mistakes

The biggest mistake learners make is using According to me. That is a huge red flag! In English, we say In my opinion or I think. According to is reserved for external sources—other people, books, data, or 'arguments.' Another mistake is forgetting the 'this.' If you just say According to argument, it sounds broken and ungrammatical. You need that demonstrative pronoun (this) to point to the specific logic you’re discussing. Some people also mix up argument with opinion. An opinion is just a feeling; an argument is a structured set of reasons. If someone says 'I like blue,' that’s not an argument. If they say 'Blue is the best color for bedrooms because it lowers heart rate,' *that* is an argument.

  • ✗ According to me, we should leave. → ✓ In my opinion, we should leave.
  • ✗ According to this opinion, the economy is failing. → ✓ According to this argument, the economy is failing.
  • ✗ According to argument, the plan works. → ✓ According to this argument, the plan works.

Common Variations

If you find yourself using According to this argument too much, you can swap it out for some equally sophisticated alternatives. Following this logic is a great one for when you want to show the next step in a sequence. Based on this premise is perfect for more philosophical or scientific discussions. If you want to sound a bit more skeptical, you could say If we accept this line of reasoning. For a more neutral vibe, try Under this framework. In a legal context, you might hear Pursuant to this logic. If you’re looking for something slightly shorter, By this logic works wonders in fast-paced debates. Each of these has a slightly different flavor, like different spices in a kitchen. According to this argument is the salt—essential and foundational. Following this logic is the chili flakes—it adds a bit of forward momentum and 'kick' to your point.

Real Conversations

Speaker A: I think we should switch all our company cars to electric models by next year to save on fuel costs.

Speaker B: According to this argument, we would need to install forty charging stations in the parking lot by December. Is that feasible?

Speaker A: The protagonist in the movie didn't actually die; the whole ending was just a dream sequence.

Speaker B: Interesting. According to this argument, the spinning top at the end should have fallen over eventually if it were real life.

Speaker A: If we allow people to work from home indefinitely, productivity will skyrocket because they'll be happier.

Speaker B: According to this argument, we could eventually close our physical office entirely and save millions in rent.

Quick FAQ

Is it the same as In my opinion? No, absolutely not. In my opinion shares what *you* think. According to this argument analyzes what *has been said* by someone else or a theory. Think of it as the difference between being the artist and being the art critic. Can I use it in an email? Yes, but only if it's a formal or professional one. It’s great for summarizing a client's request before you explain why it might be difficult to achieve. Does 'argument' always mean a fight? Not in this context! Here, it means a logical case or a set of reasons. You can have a perfectly peaceful 'argument' about the best way to bake a cake. Is it too formal for a blog post? It depends on the blog. If it’s a tech or philosophy blog, it’s perfect. If it’s a blog about cute kittens, it’s probably a bit much. Unless the kittens are debating the merits of various brands of yarn, of course.

Usage Notes

This is a high-level C2 phrase that signals intellectual maturity. Use it in formal writing or professional debates to critique ideas objectively. Avoid using it for personal opinions or in very casual social settings.

🎯

Use it for distance

It's your best friend when you need to critique without being mean.

Examples

10
#1 In a university seminar discussing economics
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to this argument, the market should have corrected itself years ago.

According to this argument, the market should have corrected itself years ago.

The speaker is testing the logic of a specific economic theory.

#2 Replying to a complex theory in a Reddit thread
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

According to this argument, the main character was actually a ghost the whole time.

According to this argument, the main character was actually a ghost the whole time.

A common way to engage with fan theories online.

#3 A lawyer addressing a judge in a courtroom
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to this argument, my client would have had to be in two places at once.

According to this argument, my client would have had to be in two places at once.

Used to point out a logical impossibility in the prosecution's case.

#4 A tech lead reviewing a new software proposal
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to this argument, we can ignore legacy support for the next update.

According to this argument, we can ignore legacy support for the next update.

Analyzing the consequences of a business decision.

#5 Discussing a movie's logic with a friend over coffee
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

According to this argument, Batman is actually the villain of Gotham.

According to this argument, Batman is actually the villain of Gotham.

Using formal logic for a fun, informal topic.

#6 Writing a critique of a scientific paper
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to this argument, the sample size was sufficient despite being under one hundred.

According to this argument, the sample size was sufficient despite being under one hundred.

Academic critique focusing on methodology.

#7 A sarcastic comment during a board game night
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

According to this argument, I should just let you win because you're 'tired'.

According to this argument, I should just let you win because you're 'tired'.

Using the formal phrase to mock someone's weak reasoning.

#8 Expressing disappointment in a political policy
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4.318 6.318a4.5 4.5 0 000 6.364L12 20.364l7.682-7.682a4.5 4.5 0 00-6.364-6.364L12 7.636l-1.318-1.318a4.5 4.5 0 00-6.364 0z"/></svg>

According to this argument, we are sacrificing our children's future for short-term gain.

According to this argument, we are sacrificing our children's future for short-term gain.

Highlighting the emotional and ethical consequences of a policy.

A learner trying to state their own opinion Common Mistake
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

✗ According to this argument, I think we should go to the beach. → ✓ I think we should go to the beach.

✗ According to this argument, I think we should go to the beach. → ✓ I think we should go to the beach.

You can't use this phrase to introduce your own simple opinion.

A learner forgetting the word 'this' Common Mistake
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

✗ According to argument, the results are invalid. → ✓ According to this argument, the results are invalid.

✗ According to argument, the results are invalid. → ✓ According to this argument, the results are invalid.

The demonstrative 'this' is required to specify which argument is being discussed.

Test Yourself

Complete the sentence.

_____, the project is behind schedule.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: According to this argument

It sets the logical frame.

🎉 Score: /1

Visual Learning Aids

Practice Bank

1 exercises
Complete the sentence. Fill Blank C1

_____, the project is behind schedule.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: According to this argument

It sets the logical frame.

🎉 Score: /1

Frequently Asked Questions

1 questions

Yes, if it is a formal work email.

Related Phrases

🔄

Based on this premise

synonym

Starting from this assumption.

Was this helpful?

Comments (0)

Login to Comment
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!