Whose (cuyo): Linking Possession Like a Pro
cuyo must agree in gender and number with the noun that follows it, not the person who owns it.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'cuyo' to link a noun to its possessor, ensuring the word matches the object possessed, not the owner.
- Cuyo must agree in gender and number with the object possessed: 'El hombre cuya casa...' (The man whose house...)
- Never use 'de quien' or 'del cual' for possession; 'cuyo' is the standard relative possessive.
- Cuyo is never followed by an article; it acts as a determiner itself.
Overview
As an upper-intermediate (B2) Spanish learner, you frequently encounter the need to express complex relationships between ideas. One such relationship is possession within a relative clause – identifying an item by its possessor. In English, you achieve this concisely with “whose.” In Spanish, this function is fulfilled by the relative adjective cuyo, an essential tool for conveying precision and sophistication in your language use.
While everyday informal conversations might lean on simpler, albeit less grammatically formal, alternatives, cuyo is ubiquitous in written Spanish and formal spoken contexts. Mastering cuyo allows you to construct more elegant and unambiguous sentences, reflecting a deeper understanding of Spanish syntax. It acts as a bridge, linking a preceding noun (the possessor or antecedent) to a following noun (the possessed item), establishing a clear possessive connection.
Its nuanced usage distinguishes a casual speaker from one who communicates with authority and clarity, particularly crucial for academic, professional, and journalistic discourse.
Cuyo is not merely a direct translation of “whose”; it embodies a specific grammatical structure that is fundamental to advanced Spanish relative clauses. Its proper application demonstrates an ability to navigate the intricacies of Spanish grammar, moving beyond basic sentence structures to express sophisticated ideas with native-like accuracy. This reference article will guide you through its mechanics, usage, common pitfalls, and real-world application, ensuring you can confidently integrate this vital grammatical element into your repertoire.
How This Grammar Works
cuyo functions as a possessive relative adjective. This distinction from a relative pronoun is crucial: cuyo modifies a noun that immediately follows it, agreeing with that noun in gender and number, rather than standing in for a noun itself. It introduces a relative clause that provides additional, essential information about a previously mentioned noun (the antecedent) by indicating possession.cuyo (cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas) performs this linking and possessive role. The most critical rule governing cuyo is its agreement with the possessed noun, not with the possessor (antecedent). This concept often presents an initial challenge for learners but is fundamental to correct usage.cuya, regardless of whether the possessor is masculine or feminine, singular or plural.Conocí al escritor cuyo libro ganó un premio.(I met the writer whose book won an award.) Here,cuyoagrees withlibro(masculine singular), notescritor(masculine singular).Esa es la escritora cuya novela fue traducida.(That is the writer whose novel was translated.) Here,cuyaagrees withnovela(feminine singular), notescritora(feminine singular).Visitamos el pueblo cuyas calles son muy antiguas.(We visited the town whose streets are very old.) Here,cuyasagrees withcalles(feminine plural), notpueblo(masculine singular).
Cuyo always precedes the noun it modifies, acting similarly to a possessive adjective (su, mi, tu). It effectively substitutes the possessive adjective and the preceding conjunction (y su, que su, etc.), creating a more streamlined and formal grammatical structure. Understanding this adjective-like behavior, particularly its agreement with the possessed item, is the key to unlocking its correct application.Formation Pattern
cuyo is highly systematic and follows a predictable structure. Cuyo has four forms, which must agree in gender and number with the noun that immediately follows it (the possessed item). It never changes to agree with the antecedent (the possessor).
cuyo | Masculine Singular (e.g., libro) | El autor cuyo libro leí es famoso. |
cuya | Feminine Singular (e.g., casa) | La vecina cuya casa visité me saludó. |
cuyos | Masculine Plural (e.g., perros) | Los amigos cuyos perros son ruidosos. |
cuyas | Feminine Plural (e.g., hijas) | Las profesoras cuyas hijas estudian aquí.|
Cuyo (and its variations) is never preceded by an article (el, la, los, las) when it introduces the possessed noun. The article is inherent in the function of cuyo itself. Inserting an article, such as el hombre cuyo el coche, is a significant grammatical error. The correct structure is always: antecedent + [preposition (optional)] + cuyo/a/os/as + possessed noun + verb/rest of clause.
El profesor (masculine singular).
las ideas (feminine plural).
cuyo: Since ideas is feminine plural, you use cuyas.
El profesor cuyas ideas admiramos dará una charla. (The professor whose ideas we admire will give a talk.)
La ciudad (feminine singular).
la historia (feminine singular).
hablar) requires a preposition (de), it comes before cuyo.
cuyo: Since historia is feminine singular, you use cuya.
La ciudad de cuya historia hablamos es muy antigua. (The city whose history we spoke about is very old.)
cuyo. Deviation from these rules leads to ungrammatical constructions that immediately mark a non-native speaker.
When To Use It
cuyo is a hallmark of formal, precise, and sophisticated Spanish. While its usage might be less frequent in casual, spoken exchanges, it is indispensable in contexts demanding clarity, elegance, and adherence to grammatical standards. For a B2 learner, integrating cuyo into your active vocabulary signifies a significant leap in your linguistic proficiency.cuyo is not just appropriate but often expected:- Academic and Scientific Writing: In essays, research papers, theses, and scientific articles,
cuyoensures unambiguous reference to possession. It avoids the potentially awkward or ambiguous structures that simpler alternatives might create in complex sentences. For instance,El estudio cuyos resultados fueron sorprendentes se publicó ayer.(The study whose results were surprising was published yesterday.)
- Journalism and Literature: News articles, editorials, literary works, and critical analyses frequently employ
cuyoto maintain a formal tone and convey precise information about individuals, institutions, or events. You will encounter sentences likeEl político cuyas declaraciones causaron controversia renunció.(The politician whose statements caused controversy resigned.) orLa novela cuyo argumento es complejo ha recibido elogios.(The novel whose plot is complex has received praise.)
- Legal and Administrative Documents: Contracts, official reports, legal texts, and formal correspondence rely heavily on
cuyofor exactness. In these contexts, ambiguity is unacceptable, andcuyoprovides the most direct and formally correct way to express possession within a relative clause. For example,La empresa cuyos términos fueron aceptados firmó el contrato.(The company whose terms were accepted signed the contract.)
- Formal Speeches and Presentations: When delivering a formal address, lecturing, or presenting at a conference, the use of
cuyoenhances the speaker's credibility and the intellectual rigor of the discourse. It demonstrates careful thought in sentence construction and respect for the nuances of the language.
- Professional Emails and Official Communication: While not as rigidly formal as legal documents, professional communications often benefit from the precision offered by
cuyo. It contributes to a polished and authoritative tone, particularly when communicating with superiors, clients, or external partners. For instance,Hemos recibido su correo cuyo contenido analizaremos detenidamente.(We have received your email whose content we will analyze carefully.)
cuyo is your tool for elevating your Spanish from merely communicative to truly articulate. While you might not use it to order a coffee, its presence in your linguistic toolbox enables you to engage with sophisticated Spanish discourse on a professional and intellectual level. It signals a command of Spanish grammar that extends beyond basic functional communication, positioning you as a proficient and confident user of the language.Common Mistakes
cuyo can be a source of common errors due to its unique agreement rules and the influence of English syntax. Recognizing and actively correcting these patterns will solidify your command of this structure.- 1Incorrect Agreement (Mismatching Gender/Number with the Possessor): This is the most prevalent error. Learners mistakenly make
cuyoagree with the antecedent (the possessor) rather than the noun it modifies (the possessed item). Remember,cuyois an adjective that describes the following noun.
- Incorrect:
El hombre cuyo hija vive en Madrid.(Mistake:cuyois masculine singular, buthijais feminine singular.) - Correct:
El hombre cuya hija vive en Madrid.(The man whose daughter lives in Madrid.) - Incorrect:
Las mujeres cuyas esposo trabaja aquí.(Mistake:cuyasis feminine plural, butesposois masculine singular.) - Correct:
Las mujeres cuyo esposo trabaja aquí.(The women whose husband works here.) - Correction Strategy: Before choosing
cuyo,cuya,cuyos, orcuyas, identify the noun immediately following it and determine its gender and number. This simple check eliminates the majority of agreement errors.
- 1Inclusion of an Article After
cuyo: Another common pitfall is the insertion of a definite article (el,la,los,las) betweencuyoand the possessed noun. This is ungrammatical becausecuyoalready functions as a determiner, fulfilling the role an article would typically play.
- Incorrect:
La universidad cuya la biblioteca es moderna. - Correct:
La universidad cuya biblioteca es moderna.(The university whose library is modern.) - Incorrect:
Los estudiantes cuyos los trabajos fueron premiados. - Correct:
Los estudiantes cuyos trabajos fueron premiados.(The students whose papers were awarded.) - Correction Strategy: Train yourself to never place
el,la,los, orlasdirectly after any form ofcuyo.
- 1Misusing
cuyoas an Interrogative Pronoun: English uses "Whose?" to ask about possession. Spanish uses¿De quién?for this purpose.Cuyoonly functions as a relative adjective within a statement, connecting clauses.
- Incorrect:
¿Cuyo es este libro?(to mean "Whose book is this?") - Correct:
¿De quién es este libro?(Whose book is this?) - Correction Strategy: Reserve
cuyoexclusively for relative clauses that modify an antecedent; use¿De quién?for direct questions about possession.
- 1Overuse or Inappropriate Formality in Casual Contexts: While
cuyois a mark of sophistication, forcing it into overly informal conversations can sound unnatural or pedantic. It's akin to using archaic or overly formal English in a casual chat. Contextual awareness is key.
- While not strictly a grammatical error, using
cuyoin a text message to a friend about a party might sound stilted. For example,Conocí a un chico cuyo coche estaba aparcado en tu plaza.might be grammatically correct but socially awkward. - Correction Strategy: Develop an awareness of registers. If a simpler, less formal alternative is commonly used by natives in a given context (as discussed in the
Real Conversationssection), opt for that.Cuyois for precision, not always for brevity or informality.
cuyo is not only grammatically sound but also contextually appropriate, showcasing your advanced Spanish proficiency.Real Conversations
While cuyo is a cornerstone of formal Spanish, its presence in everyday spoken conversation varies significantly depending on the register, geographical region, and educational background of the speakers. For a B2 learner, understanding its place in authentic discourse is just as important as mastering its mechanics.
Where you will encounter cuyo:
- News Reports and Documentaries: Journalists and narrators frequently use cuyo to convey information precisely without ambiguity. For instance, El presidente, cuyo mandato termina el próximo año, anunció nuevas medidas. (The president, whose term ends next year, announced new measures.)
- University Lectures and Academic Discussions: In higher education settings, cuyo is routinely used to link concepts and ideas with clarity. Examinamos la teoría de Darwin, cuyas implicaciones revolucionaron la biología. (We examine Darwin's theory, whose implications revolutionized biology.)
- Formal Interviews and Debates: When participants are expected to speak with eloquence and accuracy, cuyo naturally appears. Nos acompaña la experta, cuya opinión es muy valorada en este tema. (We are joined by the expert, whose opinion is highly valued on this topic.)
- Literary Works and Critical Essays: Authors and critics use cuyo for stylistic elegance and to maintain a high linguistic standard. You will find it in novels, poetry, and literary analyses.
- Official Correspondence and Reports: Any document requiring formal language – from legal contracts to business proposals – will utilize cuyo for its inherent precision.
Where alternatives are more common (and often preferred):
In casual spoken Spanish, especially among younger generations or in informal settings, speakers often opt for simpler circumlocutions rather than cuyo. These alternatives, while sometimes considered less grammatically 'correct' by prescriptive standards (like those of the RAE), are widely understood and perfectly acceptable in informal speech. Recognizing these allows you to sound more natural without sacrificing clarity.
que su / sus (Quesuismo): This is perhaps the most common informal substitute, particularly prevalent in many Latin American regions. It involves using the relative pronoun que followed by a possessive adjective (su, sus).
- Formal cuyo: Conocí a un chico cuyo perro es enorme.
- Informal Alternative: Conocí a un chico que su perro es enorme. (I met a guy whose dog is huge.)
- Observation: While grammatically 'incorrect' in formal Spanish, this construction is so widespread that it’s often heard in daily conversation. However, for B2 learners aiming for formal proficiency, cuyo remains the standard.
del que / de la que / de los que / de las que: This structure uses de + the definite article + que. It is a more flexible and grammatically acceptable alternative to cuyo when the possessive relationship is the object of a preposition or when the context allows. It's particularly useful when the possessed noun is the subject or object of the relative clause and the possession can be rephrased with de.
- Formal cuyo: El proyecto cuyos objetivos eran ambiciosos fracasó.
- Alternative: El proyecto de el que los objetivos eran ambiciosos fracasó. (The project of which the objectives were ambitious failed.) (Note: de el contracts to del)
- Formal cuyo: La mujer cuya ayuda necesitamos no está.
- Alternative: La mujer de la que necesitamos ayuda no está. (The woman from whom we need help is not here.)
de quien / de quienes: This alternative is used exclusively when the possessor (antecedent) is a person and typically follows a preposition. It avoids cuyo by making quien the object of the preposition de.
- Formal cuyo: El autor cuyas obras admiro está aquí.
- Alternative: El autor de quien admiro las obras está aquí. (The author of whom I admire the works is here.)
- Observation: This sounds slightly more natural in some spoken contexts than cuyo, particularly when the possessed item is the direct object of the verb in the relative clause.
For a B2 learner, the goal is not to exclusively use cuyo but to recognize when it is most appropriate and to understand its role in formal communication. While you'll hear and perhaps even use the alternatives in casual settings, actively practicing cuyo ensures you can operate effectively in all registers of Spanish, demonstrating a comprehensive grasp of the language's expressive power.
Quick FAQ
cuyo, along with concise answers to clarify potential ambiguities.- Can
cuyorefer to both people and things?
Cuyo is versatile and can indicate possession for animate (people, animals) or inanimate (objects, concepts) antecedents. The agreement is solely with the possessed noun.La empresa cuyas acciones subieron es muy sólida. (The company whose shares rose is very solid.) or El perro cuyo dueño es veterinario está sano. (The dog whose owner is a veterinarian is healthy.)- Does
cuyochange based on the gender of the possessor?
Cuyo only agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies (the possessed item), never with the possessor (the antecedent).cuyo you choose. For instance, La mujer cuyo coche es rojo. (cuyo agrees with coche, masculine singular, even though the possessor mujer is feminine.)- What if there are multiple possessors? Does
cuyobecome plural?
Cuyo still agrees with the possessed noun, not the number of possessors. If two people jointly own one item, cuyo will be singular if the item is singular.Los hermanos, cuya madre falleció, están muy tristes. (The siblings, whose mother passed away, are very sad.) Here cuya agrees with madre (singular), not hermanos (plural).- Can
cuyobe preceded by prepositions?
cuyo. The structure becomes preposition + cuyo/a/os/as + possessed noun.Esta es la situación ante cuyas consecuencias nos encontramos. (This is the situation before whose consequences we find ourselves.) Or El autor en cuya obra se inspira la película. (The author in whose work the film is inspired.)- Is
cuyoused differently in Latin America versus Spain?
cuyo are consistent across all Spanish-speaking regions. However, its frequency of use in informal spoken contexts can vary. In some Latin American countries, the informal que su/sus construction (quesuismo) might be even more common in everyday speech than in Spain.cuyo remains the universal standard.- Why is
cuyoconsidered an adjective and not a pronoun?
Cuyo is classified as a relative adjective because it modifies a noun (libro, casa, ideas) that directly follows it, agreeing with that noun in gender and number. A relative pronoun (like que, quien, el cual) typically replaces a noun. This distinction highlights cuyo's role as a determiner within the relative clause, specifying possession of the noun it introduces.- At what CEFR level should I feel comfortable using
cuyo?
Cuyo is typically introduced at the B1 level, but mastery and confident application in both understanding and production (spoken and written) are characteristic of a B2 (Upper-Intermediate) learner. Achieving this level means not only knowing the rules but also being able to apply them spontaneously and appropriately in diverse formal contexts.Cuyo Agreement Table
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
cuyo
|
cuyos
|
|
Feminine
|
cuya
|
cuyas
|
Meanings
A relative pronoun used to indicate possession within a relative clause, replacing 'de quien' or 'del cual'.
Possessive link
Indicates that the following noun belongs to the antecedent.
“El niño cuya pelota se perdió llora.”
“La empresa cuyos empleados están en huelga cerró.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Owner + cuyo + Object
|
El hombre cuyo coche es azul.
|
|
Negative
|
Owner + cuyo + no + Object
|
El hombre cuyo no coche... (Incorrect)
|
|
Question
|
¿El hombre cuyo coche...?
|
¿Es el hombre cuyo coche es azul?
|
|
Agreement
|
Match object
|
La mujer cuya casa...
|
Formality Spectrum
El hombre cuyo coche es rojo. (Describing someone.)
El hombre cuyo coche es rojo. (Describing someone.)
El tipo que tiene el coche rojo. (Describing someone.)
El pibe del coche rojo. (Describing someone.)
The Cuyo Link
Agreement
- cuyo masc. sing.
- cuya fem. sing.
- cuyos masc. pl.
- cuyas fem. pl.
Examples by Level
El niño cuyo perro corre.
The boy whose dog runs.
La chica cuya casa es azul.
The girl whose house is blue.
El hombre cuyos libros leo.
The man whose books I read.
La mujer cuyas flores son bellas.
The woman whose flowers are beautiful.
El autor cuyos libros son famosos.
The author whose books are famous.
La empresa cuya sede está aquí.
The company whose headquarters is here.
El coche cuyo motor falla.
The car whose engine fails.
Las casas cuyas puertas son rojas.
The houses whose doors are red.
El profesor, cuyos alumnos son brillantes, está feliz.
The teacher, whose students are brilliant, is happy.
La ciudad, cuyas calles son estrechas, es antigua.
The city, whose streets are narrow, is ancient.
El artista, cuya obra admiro, vendrá hoy.
The artist, whose work I admire, will come today.
El edificio, cuyo diseño es moderno, es nuevo.
The building, whose design is modern, is new.
La organización, cuyos objetivos son claros, busca voluntarios.
The organization, whose objectives are clear, is looking for volunteers.
El país, cuya economía crece, atrae inversión.
The country, whose economy is growing, attracts investment.
Los investigadores, cuyos resultados fueron publicados, están satisfechos.
The researchers, whose results were published, are satisfied.
La ley, cuyas consecuencias son graves, será revisada.
The law, whose consequences are serious, will be reviewed.
El filósofo, cuyas tesis han sido debatidas, propone un cambio.
The philosopher, whose theses have been debated, proposes a change.
El proyecto, cuya viabilidad fue cuestionada, fue cancelado.
The project, whose viability was questioned, was cancelled.
La novela, cuyos personajes son complejos, ganó el premio.
The novel, whose characters are complex, won the prize.
El sistema, cuyo funcionamiento es complejo, requiere mantenimiento.
The system, whose functioning is complex, requires maintenance.
El monarca, cuyas decisiones marcaron la historia, abdicó.
The monarch, whose decisions marked history, abdicated.
El fenómeno, cuya naturaleza es enigmática, fascina a los científicos.
The phenomenon, whose nature is enigmatic, fascinates scientists.
La institución, cuyos estatutos fueron reformados, busca transparencia.
The institution, whose statutes were reformed, seeks transparency.
El artista, cuya sensibilidad es única, cautiva a la audiencia.
The artist, whose sensitivity is unique, captivates the audience.
Easily Confused
Learners use 'que' for everything.
Learners try to translate 'whose' as 'de quien'.
Learners mix up relative pronouns.
Common Mistakes
El hombre que su coche es rojo.
El hombre cuyo coche es rojo.
La mujer de quien su casa es grande.
La mujer cuya casa es grande.
El hombre cuya coche es rojo.
El hombre cuyo coche es rojo.
El hombre cuyo el coche es rojo.
El hombre cuyo coche es rojo.
La chica cuyo perro es pequeño.
La chica cuyo perro es pequeño.
Los libros cuyos autor es famoso.
Los libros cuyo autor es famoso.
La casa cuya el dueño es Juan.
La casa cuyo dueño es Juan.
El país de cuyo el presidente...
El país cuyo presidente...
La empresa cuyos empleados es feliz.
La empresa cuyos empleados son felices.
El autor cuya libros...
El autor cuyos libros...
La ley, cuya la aplicación es difícil...
La ley, cuya aplicación es difícil...
El sistema, cuyo los componentes...
El sistema, cuyos componentes...
El artista, de quien su obra...
El artista, cuya obra...
Sentence Patterns
El/La ___ cuyo/cuya ___ es ___.
Conozco a una persona cuyo/cuya ___ es ___.
La empresa, cuyos/cuyas ___ son ___, es famosa.
El país, cuya/cuyo ___ es ___, tiene muchos problemas.
Real World Usage
El país, cuya economía está en crisis, busca ayuda.
El autor, cuyos argumentos son sólidos, defiende su tesis.
La empresa, cuyos servicios son excelentes, le contacta.
La mujer, cuya belleza era legendaria, vivía sola.
La organización, cuyos valores compartimos, nos apoya.
La ciudad, cuyas calles son históricas, es hermosa.
Check the object
No articles
Formal writing
Regional usage
Smart Tips
Stop and look at the noun that follows. That noun decides the form of 'cuyo'.
Use 'cuyo' to sound professional.
Delete it immediately. It's always wrong.
Use 'cuyo' to link ideas without creating new sentences.
Pronunciation
Cuyo pronunciation
Pronounced as 'KOO-yo'.
Relative clause pause
El hombre, | cuyo coche es rojo, | es mi amigo.
Pause before and after the relative clause.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Cuyo is a chameleon: it changes its skin to match the thing it holds, not the person holding it.
Visual Association
Imagine a person holding a box. The box has a label that says 'cuyo'. If the box changes size or gender, the label changes, but the person holding it stays the same.
Rhyme
Cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas, match the object, not the guy's.
Story
Juan has a dog. Maria has a cat. We say 'Juan, cuyo perro...' and 'Maria, cuya gata...'. The dog and cat dictate the word, not Juan or Maria.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 5 sentences describing your friends and their belongings using 'cuyo'.
Cultural Notes
Cuyo is used frequently in formal writing and literature.
Common in formal speech, but less so in daily slang.
Used in formal contexts, though 'de quien' might appear in very informal speech.
Comes from the Latin 'cuius', meaning 'of whom'.
Conversation Starters
¿Conoces a alguien cuyo trabajo sea muy interesante?
¿Cuál es el país cuyas tradiciones más te gustan?
¿Cómo describirías a una persona cuyos logros admiras?
¿Qué empresa, cuya reputación es excelente, te gustaría visitar?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
La mujer ___ casa es grande vive aquí.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
El autor cuya libros son famosos.
El hombre que tiene un coche rojo.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
La empresa ___ empleados son felices.
El país ___ economía crece es estable.
Find and fix the mistake:
La ley, cuya la aplicación es difícil, será revisada.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesLa mujer ___ casa es grande vive aquí.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
El autor cuya libros son famosos.
El hombre que tiene un coche rojo.
Match: 1. perro, 2. casa, 3. libros, 4. flores
La empresa ___ empleados son felices.
El país ___ economía crece es estable.
Find and fix the mistake:
La ley, cuya la aplicación es difícil, será revisada.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesLa estudiante ___ tesis fue premiada está feliz.
The boy whose parents are doctors.
El gato cuyas ojos son verdes es mío.
influencer / Esa / vídeos / es / la / son / cuyos / virales / .
Buscamos candidatos ___ experiencia sea relevante.
El tiktoker ___ bailes son tendencia vive en México.
Match the following:
A city whose streets are narrow.
Identify the formal version:
En un lugar de la Mancha, de ___ nombre no quiero acordarme...
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
It is used in formal speech, but less in casual conversation.
No, it only changes based on the object possessed.
Yes, it works for both people and things as the owner.
It is a precise, literary construction that avoids ambiguity.
Use 'cuyos' or 'cuyas'.
Yes, e.g., 'El hombre en cuya casa vivo'.
Yes, it is very common in journalism.
You can use a relative clause with 'que' and 'tener', though it's less elegant.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
whose
Agreement.
dont
Agreement.
dessen/deren
Agreement with possessor vs object.
no
Structure.
alladhi
Morphology.
de
Structure.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Videos
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