Spanish Grammar Hub

Understand Spanish Grammar Faster

Browse the grammar system by level and category, then open clear explanations with practical examples.

369 Total Rules
69 Chapters
6 CEFR level
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Understand Spanish Grammar Faster

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A1 Sentence Structure Verified

Spanish Word Order: Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)

Build Spanish sentences by placing the person first, then the action, then the thing—just like English.

  • • Standard Spanish sentences follow Subject-Verb-Obj...
  • • The Subject (who) comes first, followed by the con...
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B2 Subjunctive Verified

Strong Warnings & Conditions with 'Como' (Subjunctive)

Use `como` + subjunctive to issue powerful warnings or conditional promises that feel more emphatic than a simple `si`.

  • • Used for strong conditions, warnings, or threats i...
  • • Requires the Subjunctive mood immediately after th...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Questions & Negation Verified

Spanish Exclamation Marks: The Flip Rule (¡!)

Spanish uses opening `¡` marks to signal emotion early, ensuring the reader uses the correct tone immediately.

  • • Always use pairs: one opening `¡` and one closing...
  • • The opening mark `¡` is inverted (upside-down).
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Tense: Regular ER/IR Verbs (comí, viví)

Regular ER/IR verbs use identical endings (-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron) for completed past actions.

  • • ER and IR verbs share identical endings in the Pre...
  • • Use it for completed, 'one-and-done' actions with...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B1 Past Tense Verified

Past Actions with Defined Duration (Pretérito)

If you can put a beginning and end date on a past action, use the Pretérito.

  • • Use Pretérito for actions with a specific start an...
  • • Triggers include 'durante', 'por', 'desde... hasta...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Questions & Negation Verified

Spanish Question Marks: The 'Spoiler Alert' (¿?)

Always 'hug' Spanish questions with both marks to signal intonation and maintain professional, clear communication.

  • • Spanish uses two question marks: an opening `¿` an...
  • • The opening `¿` signals the start of the question'...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Past Tense Twins: I went & I was (Ser/Ir)

The verbs 'ser' and 'ir' share identical preterite forms; context and the word 'a' reveal the meaning.

  • • Ser and Ir share identical forms in the preterite...
  • • Use context clues like the preposition 'a' to dist...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B1 Past Tense Verified

The Spanish Preterite (Completed Actions)

Use the preterite to describe specific, completed past actions that happened at a definite point in time.

  • • Used for completed actions with a clear beginning...
  • • -AR endings: -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Past Tense of 'Hacer': I Did/Made (Pretérito)

Master the irregular stem `hic-` and the spelling change in `hizo` to talk about completed past actions.

  • • Irregular stem 'hic-' used for all forms in preter...
  • • Third person singular changes 'c' to 'z' (hizo) fo...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Present Tense Verified

Verbs That Work Like Gustar (Me gusta...)

Spanish flips the logic: things please you, rather than you liking them.

  • • The thing being liked is the subject, not the pers...
  • • Use indirect pronouns like `me`, `te`, `le`, `nos`...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Articles Verified

Spanish Noun Gender: Masculine & Feminine (el/la)

Every Spanish noun has a grammatical gender (Masculine/Feminine) that dictates the articles and adjectives used with it.

  • • Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine; use the...
  • • Nouns ending in -a are usually feminine; use the a...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Past Tense of 'Tener': I had, I got (tuve, tuviste, tuvo)

Use the 'tuv-' stem without accents to describe specific, completed instances of having or getting something in the past.

  • • Irregular 'U-stem' verb: changes from 'ten-' to 't...
  • • Used for completed actions, specific events, or re...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Articles Verified

Masculine or Feminine? Spanish Noun Gender

Always check the noun's ending to choose the correct article and ensure your adjectives agree in gender.

  • • Spanish nouns are either masculine or feminine.
  • • Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine.
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Tense: Estar (estuve, estuviste)

Use the 'estuv-' stem for finished past states or locations within a defined, specific timeframe.

  • • Used for temporary states and locations with a cle...
  • • Irregular stem 'estuv-' is used for all persons in...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Articles Verified

Spanish Definite Articles: el, la, los, las

Always match the article to the noun's gender and number to point out specific things correctly in Spanish.

  • • Use el, la, los, las to say 'the' in Spanish.
  • • Articles must match the noun's gender (masculine/f...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Preterite of 'Poder': I managed to (pude, pudiste...)

Use `pude` to show you successfully completed a specific action or 'managed to' do it in the past.

  • • Preterite of `poder` means 'managed to' or 'succee...
  • • Uses the irregular stem `pud-` followed by special...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Articles Verified

Indefinite Articles: a, an, some (un, una, unos, unas)

Match `un`, `una`, `unos`, or `unas` to your noun's gender and quantity to sound like a natural speaker.

  • • Use `un` (masculine) and `una` (feminine) for "a"...
  • • Use `unos` and `unas` for "some" or "a few".
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Time Anchors (Ayer, Pasado, Hace)

Time markers like `ayer` and `hace` anchor actions to specific, finished moments using the Preterite tense.

  • • Use `ayer`, `anoche`, and `anteayer` for specific...
  • • Combine `{el|m}/{la|f}` + time unit + `pasado/a` f...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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B1 Future & Conditional Verified

The Spanish Conditional: How to say 'I Would'

The Spanish conditional expresses hypothetical actions, polite requests, and future-in-the-past using simple, universal endings added to infinitives.

  • • Used for 'would' in English to express hypothetica...
  • • Formed by adding universal endings to the complete...
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Nouns & Articles Verified

Making it Many: Spanish Plurals (-s, -es)

To pluralize Spanish nouns, match the article and add -s, -es, or change -z to -ces.

  • • Add -s to nouns ending in vowels.
  • • Add -es to nouns ending in consonants.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Simple (Pretérito Indefinido)

Use `pretérito indefinido` for finished past actions that move your story forward like snapshots in time.

  • • Used for completed actions at specific times in th...
  • • Regular `-ar` and `-er/-ir` verbs have distinct en...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A1 Pronouns Verified

Dropping Subject Pronouns (Yo, Tú, etc.)

Spanish verbs already tell you 'who' is acting, so pronouns are usually redundant and should be dropped.

  • • Spanish verbs include the subject in their unique...
  • • Drop pronouns like `yo` and `tú` to sound natural.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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Why Learn Spanish Grammar?

Grammar is the foundation of language fluency. Without understanding grammar patterns, you can memorize vocabulary but struggle to form correct sentences. Here's why structured grammar study matters:

Build Accurate Sentences

Move beyond memorized phrases. Understand the rules so you can create original, correct sentences in any situation.

Pass Language Exams

Grammar is tested in every major language exam — IELTS, DELE, DELF, JLPT, HSK, TOPIK, and more. Our CEFR-aligned curriculum maps directly to exam requirements.

Understand Native Speakers

Knowing grammar helps you parse complex sentences, understand nuance, and follow conversations even when speakers use advanced constructions.

Progress Faster

Students who study grammar systematically reach fluency faster than those who rely on immersion alone. Structure accelerates learning.

How Our Spanish Grammar Course Works

1

Choose Your Level

Start with your CEFR level — from A0 Zero Point to C2 Mastery. Not sure? Begin at A0 and progress at your own pace.

2

Study Structured Chapters

Each chapter covers a grammar topic with clear explanations, pattern tables, and real-world example sentences.

3

Practice with Exercises

Test your understanding with interactive exercises — fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, sentence building, and translation practice.

4

Track & Progress

Your progress is saved automatically. Complete chapters, unlock new levels, and watch your grammar mastery grow.

Frequently Asked Questions About Spanish Grammar

SubLearn covers 369 Spanish grammar rules organized across 6 CEFR proficiency levels (from A1 to C2), spanning 69 structured chapters. Each rule includes clear explanations, real-world examples, and interactive practice exercises.

Our Spanish grammar curriculum covers CEFR levels from A1 to C2. Each level is designed to match your current proficiency — beginners start with basic sentence patterns at A1, while advanced learners tackle nuanced structures at C1-C2.

Yes! All Spanish grammar rules, explanations, and examples are completely free to access. You can browse the full curriculum, read detailed explanations, and practice with exercises at no cost.

Grammar is organized into 69 thematic chapters following the CEFR framework. Each chapter groups related rules together — for example, verb tenses, sentence structure, or particles — so you can learn related concepts in a logical sequence.

Yes! Create a free account to track which grammar rules you've studied, see your progress across all CEFR levels, and pick up exactly where you left off. Your learning progress syncs across devices.

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