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Vocabulary
مرور کردن

A2 verb #4,000 most common 9 min read

مرور کردن

morur kardan Top 4,000

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips مرور کردن in 30 Seconds

Explanation مرور کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners encounter 'morur kardan' in very simple contexts, primarily related to learning. It is introduced as the essential verb for 'going over' the basics. For an absolute beginner, 'morur' is the bridge between seeing a word once and actually remembering it. Teachers will use it to tell students to look at their vocabulary cards or repeat the alphabet. The focus here is on the present tense and simple imperatives. A1 learners shouldn't worry about the complex etymology; they just need to know that 'morur' + 'kardan' = 'review'. It is often taught alongside 'dars' (lesson) or 'kalameh' (word). Understanding this verb early on helps students take ownership of their study habits in Persian. It’s a functional word that helps them describe their learning process: 'I review my words every day.'

At the A2 level, 'morur kardan' becomes more integrated into daily routines. Students start to use it for tasks outside the classroom, such as reviewing a shopping list, a short email, or a simple set of directions. The grammar focus shifts to the past tense ('morur kardam') and the future ('morur khaham kard'). Learners at this level should begin to recognize the word in the context of 'morurgar' (web browser), which is a common sight in digital Persian. The A2 learner understands that 'morur' implies a level of attention that is higher than just 'looking' (negah kardan). They might use it to talk about their weekend: 'I reviewed my photos from the trip.' It marks the transition from purely academic use to practical, everyday application.

By B1, the learner is expected to use 'morur kardan' in more professional and social settings. This level introduces the idea of 'reviewing' as a form of reflection or scrutiny. A B1 student can explain why they are reviewing something—perhaps to find a mistake or to prepare for a meeting. They start to encounter the word in news headlines or short articles. This is also where the prepositional uses become important, such as 'morur-e dars ba dustan' (reviewing lessons with friends). The learner should be comfortable with various tenses, including the subjunctive ('bayad morur konam' - I must review). They also begin to distinguish 'morur kardan' from its more formal cousin 'bazbini kardan', recognizing that 'morur' is the more versatile, general-purpose term.

At the B2 level, 'morur kardan' takes on a more abstract and literary quality. Learners are exposed to the concept of 'morur-e khaterat' (reviewing memories) and 'morur-e tarikh' (reviewing history). They can handle longer texts where the verb is used to summarize previous points or to set the stage for a critical analysis. In professional contexts, a B2 speaker can use 'morur kardan' to lead a group discussion: 'Let's review the main points of the contract.' They also begin to understand the nuances of the word in legal contexts, such as 'morur-e zaman' (statute of limitations). The focus here is on fluency and the ability to use the verb to structure complex thoughts and narratives.

C1 learners use 'morur kardan' with the precision of a native speaker. They understand the subtle differences between 'morur', 'barrasi', 'vakavi', and 'tadghigh'. In academic writing, a C1 student might use 'morur-e adabiyat' (literature review) to describe a comprehensive survey of existing research. They can use the verb in its passive forms or in complex compound sentences. The word is no longer just a verb; it’s a tool for intellectual synthesis. They might use it to critique a film or a book, 'reviewing' not just the plot but the underlying themes and techniques. At this level, the learner is also sensitive to the register, choosing 'morur nemudan' in formal speeches or academic papers to convey a sense of authority and sophistication.

At the C2 level, 'morur kardan' is used with complete mastery and an appreciation for its poetic and philosophical depths. A C2 speaker might use the word to discuss the 'passage' of life or the 'review' of an entire era's ideologies. They can navigate the most complex legal and historical texts where 'morur' appears in specialized idioms and technical phrases. The word becomes a vehicle for deep reflection on the nature of time and memory. C2 learners can also play with the word in creative writing, using it as a metaphor for the way humans process their existence. Their usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, characterized by perfect timing, appropriate register, and a deep understanding of the word's cultural and historical resonance.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

مرور کردن in 30 Seconds

A vital Persian compound verb meaning 'to review' or 'to examine again,' commonly used in schools and offices.
Formed from the Arabic root 'morur' (passing) and the Persian 'kardan' (to do), implying a sequential passage through info.
Essential for discussing study habits, preparing for exams, checking documents, or reminiscing about past memories.
Distinct from 'study' (motale'e) because it specifically requires that the material has been seen or learned before.

The Persian verb مرور کردن (morur kardan) is a cornerstone of daily communication, particularly in academic, professional, and reflective contexts. At its most fundamental level, it translates to 'to review,' 'to go over,' or 'to examine again.' However, its roots and usage nuances offer a much richer tapestry of meaning than a simple English equivalent might suggest. The word 'morur' itself is derived from the Arabic root meaning 'to pass' or 'to cross.' When combined with the Persian auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make), it literally signifies the act of 'making a passage' through something once more. This conceptualization is beautiful: you are not just looking at something; you are traveling back through the terrain of information or memory you have previously traversed.

Academic Context: Students use this word constantly. Whether they are preparing for the 'Konkur' (Iran's competitive university entrance exam) or a simple weekly quiz, the act of reviewing notes is always described as 'morur kardan'. It implies a systematic revisit to ensure retention.

قبل از امتحان، تمام جزوه‌هایم را مرور کردم تا مطمئن شوم چیزی را فراموش نکرده‌ام.

Translation: Before the exam, I reviewed all my pamphlets to make sure I hadn't forgotten anything.

Beyond the classroom, morur kardan finds its way into the professional sphere. A manager might ask an employee to 'review' a contract or a project proposal. In this sense, it carries the weight of scrutiny and verification. It is not a casual glance; it is a purposeful examination intended to catch errors or improve quality. The flexibility of this verb allows it to scale from a quick mental check to a deep, analytical audit of complex documents.

Emotional and Nostalgic Usage: In literature and daily conversation, Iranians often speak of 'morur-e khaterat' (reviewing memories). This is a poignant use of the verb, suggesting a mental journey through past events, often with a sense of longing or reflection.

شب‌ها در تنهایی، خاطرات کودکی‌ام را مرور می‌کنم.

Translation: At nights in solitude, I review my childhood memories.

Finally, in the digital age, this verb has adapted to technology. When you 'browse' through a list or 'scroll' back to see previous messages, you are essentially performing a 'morur'. It captures the essence of scanning through information to find what is relevant. Whether it is a physical document, a digital file, or a mental image, مرور کردن is the essential action of returning to what is already there to gain a better understanding or a new perspective.

Using مرور کردن (morur kardan) correctly requires an understanding of how compound verbs function in Persian. As a compound verb, the 'morur' part (the noun) remains static, while the 'kardan' part (the auxiliary verb) undergoes all the conjugation for person, number, and tense. This makes it a very predictable and learner-friendly verb once you master the basic conjugations of 'kardan'.

Present Continuous: When you are currently in the act of reviewing, you use the present continuous form. This is common in academic settings when someone asks what you are doing.

دارم لیست خرید را مرور می‌کنم تا ببینم چیزی کم نیست.

Translation: I am reviewing the shopping list to see if anything is missing.

In the past tense, morur kardan is used to describe completed actions of study or examination. Note how the direct object usually takes the 'ra' marker if it is specific. For example, if you are reviewing 'the' lesson, you say 'dars ra morur kardam'. If it is just general reviewing, the 'ra' might be omitted in informal speech, though it is grammatically safer to include it when the object is definite.

ما دیروز تمام فصل‌های کتاب را مرور کردیم.

Translation: We reviewed all the chapters of the book yesterday.

Imperative Form: Teachers often use the imperative form to give instructions. 'Morur konid' (Review!) is a common command in Persian classrooms.

One interesting aspect of مرور کردن is its ability to take a prepositional phrase. You can 'review' something 'with' someone ('ba kasi morur kardan'). This implies a collaborative study session or a joint examination of facts.

بیا این گزارش را با هم مرور کنیم.

Translation: Let's review this report together.

The word مرور کردن is omnipresent in Iranian life, but the environments where it appears most frequently define its cultural weight. The first and most obvious place is the educational system. Iran has a very rigorous academic culture, and 'morur' is the secret weapon of every successful student. You will hear it in schools, universities, and tutoring centers. It is the verb of the diligent, the word of the person who leaves nothing to chance.

Legal and Formal Settings: In Persian legal terminology, you might encounter 'morur-e zaman', which means 'statute of limitations'. It literally translates to the 'passage of time'. While this is a noun phrase, the underlying concept of 'morur' as a passage is vital here. In courtrooms or administrative offices, 'morur kardan' refers to the formal re-examination of a case or file.

قاضی پرونده را دوباره مرور کرد.

Translation: The judge reviewed the case again.

Another place you will frequently hear this word is in the media, specifically in news recaps or sports analysis. At the end of a news broadcast, the presenter might say, 'Biyaid akhbar-e emruz ra morur konim' (Let's review today's news). In sports, commentators 'morur' the highlights of a match. It serves as a bridge between the event itself and the audience's understanding of it.

In the world of technology, Iranian software interfaces use 'morurgar' for 'browser' (like Chrome or Firefox). This is a direct derivation from 'morur kardan'. So, every time an Iranian opens the internet, the concept of 'reviewing' or 'passing through' information is at the forefront. This linguistic connection reinforces the idea that navigating the web is an act of scanning and reviewing data.

کدام مرورگر برای گوشی من بهتر است؟

Translation: Which browser is better for my phone?

Finally, in social gatherings, 'morur' is used for reminiscing. Iranians are known for their love of history and storytelling. When old friends gather, they 'morur' their shared past. It’s a warm, collective act of looking back. It’s not just a review of facts; it’s a revival of emotions. Hearing 'morur' in this context is usually accompanied by tea, sweets, and a lot of laughter or bittersweet nostalgia.

While مرور کردن (morur kardan) is a versatile verb, learners often trip up by using it in places where other 'looking' or 'studying' verbs are more appropriate. One of the most common mistakes is confusing 'morur kardan' with 'motale'e kardan' (to study). 'Motale'e' implies a deep, first-time acquisition of knowledge or a long reading session. 'Morur' is specifically for going back over something you have already studied.

Mistake 1: New Material: Incorrect: 'I am reviewing this new book I just bought.' If you haven't read it before, you can't 'review' (morur) it in the sense of studying it again. You should use 'khandan' (to read) or 'motale'e kardan' (to study).

اشتباه: دارم فیزیک را برای اولین بار مرور می‌کنم.

Correct: دارم فیزیک را مطالعه می‌کنم.

Another common error is using 'morur kardan' when 'check kardan' (to check) or 'barrasi kardan' (to investigate/examine) is more precise. While they overlap, 'morur' has a connotation of sequential movement—like reading through a list from top to bottom. If you are just checking if the door is locked, you don't 'morur' the door; you 'check' it or 'barrasi' it.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Negah Kardan': Learners often say 'morur kardan' when they just mean 'to look at'. 'Negah kardan' is general. 'Morur kardan' is focused and repetitive. Don't use 'morur' for looking at a beautiful sunset unless you are mentally reviewing sunsets you've seen before!

Finally, be careful with the word order. In Persian compound verbs, the noun part ('morur') must come before the verb part ('kardan'). In very informal speech, people might insert words in between, but for a learner, it is best to keep them together. Also, ensure you don't confuse 'morur' with 'movazi' (parallel) or 'moravvaj' (promoter), which sound somewhat similar to a beginner's ear but have entirely different meanings.

درست: من باید کلمات جدید را مرور کنم.

Incorrect: من باید کلمات جدید را انجام مرور بدهم. (This is a literal translation error from some other languages).

To truly master مرور کردن, you need to know its neighbors in the Persian vocabulary. Persian is a language of nuances, and choosing the right synonym can change the entire tone of your sentence. While 'morur kardan' is the standard for 'reviewing,' there are several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific nature of the 'review'.

بررسی کردن (Barrasi Kardan): This is the most common alternative. It means 'to examine' or 'to investigate'. Unlike 'morur', it doesn't necessarily imply that you've seen the material before. It is more analytical and often used in scientific or journalistic contexts.
بازبینی کردن (Bazbini Kardan): This literally means 'to see again' (baz + bini). It is very close to 'review' but is often used for technical inspections, film editing, or re-evaluating a decision. It sounds more formal and 'official' than 'morur'.

شورای نگهبان مصوبه را بازبینی کرد.

Translation: The Guardian Council reviewed (re-inspected) the legislation.

For academic 'review' or 'revision,' you might also hear تجدید نظر (tajdid-e nazar). However, this specifically means 'to reconsider' or 'to change one's mind' after a review. If you review your notes, you 'morur' them. If you review a court's decision to potentially change it, you are seeking 'tajdid-e nazar'.

واکاوی (Vakavi): This is a highly formal, academic term meaning 'to analyze' or 'to delve into'. It is used in intellectual discourse to describe a deep review that seeks to uncover hidden meanings or structures.

In slang or very informal Persian, people often use the English loanword 'check kardan' (چک کردن). 'Check kon bebin hame chi hast' (Check and see if everything is there) is very common. However, 'check kardan' is usually for a quick verification, whereas 'morur kardan' implies a more thorough process of going through the items.

من باید قبل از رفتن، بلیت‌ها را چک کنم.

Translation: I need to check the tickets before going.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In modern Iran, 'Pol-e Morur' (Passage Bridge) is a term sometimes used, but 'Morur' is most famous today as the first part of 'Morurgar', the word for an internet browser. So, when you browse the web, you are literally 'passing through' the data.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mo.ruːɾ kʲæɾ.d̪æn/

US /moʊ.rur kɑr.dæn/

The stress is typically on the last syllable of the noun part: mo-RUR, followed by the auxiliary: kar-DAN.

Rhymes With

پرور (parvar) سرور (sarvar) کشور (keshvar) زیور (zivar) باور (bāvar) یاور (yāvar) داور (dāvar) خاور (khāvar)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'morur' as 'mirror'.
Failing to tap the 'r' sound (it should not be the English 'r').
Stress on the first syllable 'MO-rur'.
Making the 'u' too short like 'put'.
Pronouncing 'kardan' as 'garden'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

The word is easy to recognize once the 'morur' noun is learned.

Writing 3/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb conjugation rules.

Speaking 2/5

Very common and easy to drop into conversation.

Listening 2/5

Clear pronunciation and distinct sound.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

کردن (kardan) درس (dars) کتاب (ketab) یادداشت (yaddasht) امتحان (emtehan)

Learn Next

بررسی کردن (barrasi kardan) مطالعه کردن (motale'e kardan) تحلیل کردن (tahlil kardan) یادآوری (yadavari) فراموشی (faramushi)

Advanced

واکاوی (vakavi) تجسس (tajassos) تدقیق (tadghigh) بازنگری (baznegari) امعان نظر (em'an-e nazar)

Grammar to Know

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'morur kardan', only 'kardan' changes (e.g., morur mi-kon-am).

The 'Ra' Marker

Specific objects of 'morur kardan' take 'ra' (e.g., dars ra morur kardam).

Subjunctive with 'Bayad'

Bayad dars ra morur konam (I must review the lesson).

Future Tense Construction

Morur khaham kard (I will review).

Imperative Formation

Morur kon (Singular) / Morur konid (Plural).

Examples by Level

من هر روز کلمات جدید را مرور می‌کنم.

I review new words every day.

Present simple usage of a compound verb.

لطفاً درس اول را مرور کنید.

Please review the first lesson.

Imperative (plural/formal).

ما باید اعداد را مرور کنیم.

We must review the numbers.

Subjunctive mood with 'bayad'.

او کتابش را مرور کرد.

He/she reviewed his/her book.

Simple past tense.

بیا رنگ‌ها را مرور کنیم.

Let's review the colors.

Hortative ('biyā' + subjunctive).

آیا شما این لیست را مرور کردید؟

Did you review this list?

Question in simple past.

من درس را مرور نمی‌کنم.

I do not review the lesson.

Negative present simple.

آن‌ها الفبا را مرور می‌کنند.

They are reviewing the alphabet.

Third person plural present.

من دیشب یادداشت‌هایم را مرور کردم.

I reviewed my notes last night.

Past tense with time adverb 'dishab'.

او می‌خواهد برنامه‌اش را مرور کند.

He wants to review his schedule.

Infinitive construction after 'mikhāhad'.

ما قبل از امتحان، فصل دوم را مرور کردیم.

Before the exam, we reviewed the second chapter.

Prepositional phrase 'ghabl az'.

آیا می‌توانی این نامه را مرور کنی؟

Can you review this letter?

Question with 'mitavāni'.

من دارم ایمیل‌هایم را مرور می‌کنم.

I am reviewing my emails.

Present continuous tense.

آن‌ها دیشب فیلم را مرور کردند.

They reviewed (discussed) the movie last night.

Plural past tense.

شما باید قوانین را مرور کنید.

You must review the rules.

Formal obligation.

من فردا این گزارش را مرور خواهم کرد.

I will review this report tomorrow.

Future tense.

باید تمام جزئیات قرارداد را مرور کنیم.

We must review all the details of the contract.

Compound noun object 'joziyāt-e gharārdād'.

او همیشه قبل از سخنرانی، متن را مرور می‌کند.

He always reviews the text before the speech.

Adverb of frequency 'hamisheh'.

ما با هم خاطرات قدیمی را مرور کردیم.

We reviewed (reminisced) old memories together.

Use of 'bā ham' (together).

آیا فرصت کردید که مقاله را مرور کنید؟

Did you get a chance to review the article?

Complex verb 'forsat kardan'.

مدیر در حال مرور کردن رزومه‌ها است.

The manager is in the process of reviewing the resumes.

Formal present continuous 'dar hāl-e'.

من ترجیح می‌دهم درس را به تنهایی مرور کنم.

I prefer to review the lesson alone.

Verb 'tarjih dādan'.

آن‌ها نتایج آزمایش را با دقت مرور کردند.

They reviewed the test results carefully.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

لطفاً قبل از ارسال، پیام را مرور کن.

Please review the message before sending.

Imperative with 'ghabl az'.

نویسنده در فصل آخر، نکات اصلی کتاب را مرور می‌کند.

In the last chapter, the author reviews the main points of the book.

Subject-verb agreement in formal context.

ما باید استراتژی فروش را دوباره مرور کنیم.

We need to review the sales strategy again.

Adverb 'dobāreh' (again).

او در ذهن خود، حوادث آن شب را مرور می‌کرد.

He was reviewing the events of that night in his mind.

Past continuous tense for mental process.

شورای شهر طرح‌های جدید را مرور خواهد کرد.

The city council will review the new plans.

Formal future tense.

این مقاله به مرور تاریخچه هوش مصنوعی می‌پردازد.

This article deals with reviewing the history of AI.

Gerund-like use of 'morur'.

من وقت کافی برای مرور کردن همه مطالب نداشتم.

I didn't have enough time to review all the material.

Negative past tense with 'vaght-e kāfi'.

آن‌ها توافق‌نامه را بند به بند مرور کردند.

They reviewed the agreement clause by clause.

Idiomatic 'band be band'.

قبل از تصمیم‌گیری، همه گزینه‌ها را مرور کن.

Review all options before making a decision.

Imperative in a complex sentence.

منتقد در این ستون، فیلم‌های جدید هفته را مرور می‌کند.

The critic reviews the new films of the week in this column.

Professional usage in journalism.

باید دیدگاه‌های مختلف در مورد این نظریه را مرور کنیم.

We must review different perspectives on this theory.

Abstract noun objects.

او با مرور آثار گذشته‌اش، به سبک جدیدی دست یافت.

By reviewing his past works, he achieved a new style.

Gerund phrase with 'bā'.

این کتاب مروری جامع بر تحولات سیاسی منطقه است.

This book is a comprehensive review of the region's political developments.

Noun form 'moruri'.

ما باید در سیاست‌های خود مرور و بازنگری کنیم.

We must review and revise our policies.

Pairing 'morur' with 'bāznengari'.

او ساعت‌ها صرف مرور کردن جزئیات فنی پروژه کرد.

He spent hours reviewing the technical details of the project.

Verb 'sarf kardan' (to spend time/energy).

مرور خاطرات تلخ گاهی می‌تواند دردناک باشد.

Reviewing bitter memories can sometimes be painful.

Infinitive as a subject.

لطفاً پیش‌نویس مقاله را جهت مرور نهایی ارسال کنید.

Please send the article draft for a final review.

Formal preposition 'jahat-e'.

فیلسوف در این رساله به مرور مبانی معرفت‌شناسی می‌پردازد.

In this treatise, the philosopher reviews the foundations of epistemology.

Highly academic register.

مرور زمان بسیاری از حقایق تاریخی را آشکار می‌کند.

The passage of time reveals many historical truths.

Idiomatic 'morur-e zamān'.

او در سال‌های پایانی عمر، به مرور کارنامه حرفه‌ای خود نشست.

In the final years of his life, he sat to review his professional record.

Poetic 'be morur-e ... neshast'.

این پژوهش به مرور انتقادی نظریات پسا‌ساختارگرایی می‌پردازد.

This research provides a critical review of post-structuralist theories.

Adjective 'enteghādi' (critical).

مرور مداوم آرمان‌ها برای بقای هر جنبشی ضروری است.

Constant review of ideals is necessary for the survival of any movement.

Abstract subject with 'modāvam'.

قاضی با مرور مجدد شواهد، حکم تبرئه صادر کرد.

By re-reviewing the evidence, the judge issued an acquittal.

Compound prepositional phrase.

ادبیات، مروری است بر پیچیدگی‌های روح انسان.

Literature is a review of the complexities of the human soul.

Metaphorical use.

ما در این همایش به مرور دستاوردهای علمی دهه اخیر خواهیم پرداخت.

In this conference, we will review the scientific achievements of the last decade.

Formal future with 'khāhim pardākht'.

Common Collocations

مرور درس (morur-e dars)

مرور خاطرات (morur-e khāterāt)

مرور پرونده (morur-e parvandeh)

مرور اخبار (morur-e akhbār)

مرور لیست (morur-e list)

مرور زمان (morur-e zamān)

مرور مجدد (morur-e mojjadad)

مرور سریع (morur-e sari')

مرور نهایی (morur-e nahāyi)

مرور برنامه‌ها (morur-e barnāmeh-hā)

Common Phrases

مرور کردن یادداشت‌ها

— To go over one's notes, especially before a test.

من همیشه قبل از خواب یادداشت‌هایم را مرور می‌کنم.

مرور کردن وقایع

— To recount or go over events that happened.

او در ذهنش وقایع روز را مرور کرد.

مرور کردن کلمات

— To review vocabulary words.

برای یادگیری زبان، باید کلمات را مرور کنید.

مرور کردن قرارداد

— To review a contract or agreement.

وکیل باید قرارداد را با دقت مرور کند.

مرور کردن گذشته

— To look back at the past.

مرور کردن گذشته همیشه مفید نیست.

مرور کردن درس‌های زندگی

— To reflect on life lessons.

او تجربیاتش را به عنوان مرور درس‌های زندگی می‌بیند.

مرور کردن منو

— To browse or look through a menu.

او داشت منو را مرور می‌کرد که پیشخدمت آمد.

مرور کردن عکس‌ها

— To look through photos.

ما دیشب عکس‌های قدیمی را مرور کردیم.

مرور کردن نکات ایمنی

— To review safety tips.

مهماندار هواپیما نکات ایمنی را مرور کرد.

مرور کردن اهداف

— To review one's goals.

هر سال اهداف خود را مرور کنید.

Often Confused With

مرور کردن vs مطالعه کردن (motale'e kardan)

Motale'e is for first-time learning or deep reading; Morur is for going over what you already know.

مرور کردن vs بررسی کردن (barrasi kardan)

Barrasi is analytical investigation; Morur is more about sequential checking or study repetition.

مرور کردن vs نگاه کردن (negah kardan)

Negah is a general 'look'; Morur is a purposeful 'review'.

Idioms & Expressions

"مرور زمان"

— The passage of time; often used in legal contexts for 'statute of limitations'.

این جرم شامل مرور زمان شده است.

Formal/Legal

"مرور خاطرات کردن"

— To walk down memory lane; to reminisce.

بیا بنشینیم و کمی مرور خاطرات کنیم.

Poetic/Social

"یک مرور کلی"

— A general overview or a bird's eye view.

او یک مرور کلی از پروژه ارائه داد.

Professional

"به مرور"

— Gradually; over time.

به مرور متوجه اشتباهش شد.

Neutral

"مرور کردن در ذهن"

— To replay something in one's mind.

او حرف‌های او را مدام در ذهن مرور می‌کرد.

Psychological

"مرور کردن ورق‌وار"

— To flip through something quickly.

مجله را ورق‌وار مرور کرد.

Informal

"مرور کردن مو به مو"

— To review meticulously (hair by hair).

او گزارش را مو به مو مرور کرد.

Informal/Idiomatic

"مرور کردن با چشم"

— To scan with one's eyes without reading deeply.

او لیست را با چشم مرور کرد.

Neutral

"مرور کردن دفتر زندگی"

— To reflect on one's entire life journey.

او در تنهایی دفتر زندگی‌اش را مرور می‌کرد.

Literary

"مرور کردن خط به خط"

— To review line by line.

نامه را خط به خط مرور کردم.

Neutral

Easily Confused

مرور کردن vs عبور کردن (obur kardan)

Sounds slightly similar and both involve 'passing'.

Obur is physically passing through a space (like a street); Morur is mentally or systematically passing through information.

از خیابان عبور کردم / درس را مرور کردم.

مرور کردن vs مورور (muru-r)

Misspelling.

There is no such word as 'muru-r' with a long 'u' in both syllables; it is 'mo-rur'.

N/A

مرور کردن vs مروج (moravvaj)

Similar phonetics.

Moravvaj means 'promoter' or 'propagator'; Morur is 'review'.

او مروج فرهنگ است / من درس را مرور کردم.

مرور کردن vs موازی (movazi)

Starts with 'mo' and has 'v' sounds.

Movazi means 'parallel'.

دو خط موازی / مرور خاطرات.

مرور کردن vs مکرر (mokarrar)

Both imply repetition.

Mokarrar is an adjective/adverb meaning 'repeatedly'; Morur is the verb for the act of reviewing.

تذکرات مکرر / مرور کردن.

Sentence Patterns

[Subject] [Object] ra morur mi-kon-am.

من درس را مرور می‌کنم.

[Subject] ghabl az [Event] morur kard.

او قبل از کلاس مرور کرد.

Bayad [Object] ra ba deghat morur konim.

باید قرارداد را با دقت مرور کنیم.

[Subject] dar hal-e morur-e [Noun] ast.

مدیر در حال مرور رزومه‌ها است.

Ba morur-e [Noun], mi-tavan be [Result] rasid.

با مرور شواهد، می‌توان به حقیقت رسید.

Morur-e [Abstract Noun] neshane-ye [Quality] ast.

مرور مداوم آرمان‌ها نشانه پویایی است.

Mikhaham [Object] ra ba ham morur konim.

می‌خواهم خاطرات را با هم مرور کنیم.

Aya [Object] ra morur kardi?

آیا کلمات را مرور کردی؟

Word Family

Nouns

مرور (morur) - passage/review

مرورگر (morurgar) - browser

بازبینی (bazbini) - re-view/inspection

Verbs

مرور کردن (morur kardan) - to review

مرور شدن (morur shodan) - to be reviewed

Adjectives

مروری (moruri) - introductory/review-based

قابل مرور (ghābel-e morur) - reviewable

عبور (obur) - passing through

جریان (jarayān) - flow

تکرار (tekrar) - repetition

یادآوری (yād-āvari) - reminding

مطالعه (motale'e) - study

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely high in academic and administrative Persian.

Common Mistakes

Using 'morur kardan' for studying new material. → مطالعه کردن (motale'e kardan)
Morur implies a repeat action. You cannot review what you haven't viewed yet.
Saying 'morur dādan'. → مرور کردن (morur kardan)
The auxiliary verb for review is 'kardan', not 'dādan' (to give).
Using 'morur' for physical passing. → عبور کردن (obur kardan)
If you are passing through a door or a street, use 'obur'. 'Morur' is for information or time.
Forgetting the 'ra' marker. → Dars ra morur kardam.
Because 'dars' is a specific object here, it needs the 'ra' marker in standard Persian.
Confusing 'morur' with 'moravvaj'. → N/A
These are phonetically similar but unrelated. Moravvaj means 'promoter'.

Tips

The Road of Review

Imagine a road called 'Morur Road'. To get to the city of 'Knowledge', you must pass through this road many times. Every time you pass (morur), you remember the scenery better.

Don't Forget the 'Kardan'

Remember that 'morur' by itself is just a noun. To make it an action, you must add 'kardan'. Without 'kardan', it's like saying 'Review' instead of 'To review'.

The Student's Friend

If you are a student in Iran, 'morur' is your best friend. Use it whenever you talk about your study schedule to sound like a dedicated learner.

Natural Flow

When speaking informally, you can say 'ye moruri bokonim' (let's do a review). This sounds very native and relaxed.

Browser Connection

Look at the settings in your Persian-language browser. You will see the word 'morur' everywhere. This is a great way to see the word in the wild.

Nostalgia

If you want to start a deep conversation with an Iranian, ask: 'Bia khaterat ra morur konim'. It's a great way to bond over shared stories.

Pairing with Adverbs

Enhance your sentences by adding adverbs like 'da'eman' (constantly) or 'ba deghat' (carefully) before 'morur'.

Formal vs. Informal

In a text message, use 'morur kon'. In a formal letter to a professor, use 'morur bafarmayid'.

News Catchphrase

Listen to the end of Persian news clips. They often say 'moruri bar akhbar' (a review of the news). This is a standard phrase.

Not for New Things

Never use 'morur' for the first time you see something. It's only for the second time onwards!

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'More-Review'. The sound 'Morur' starts with 'Mor', which sounds like 'More'. To learn, you need 'More Review'.

Visual Association

Imagine a student walking through a long hallway (passage) where the walls are covered in their notes. They are 'passing through' (morur) their studies.

Word Web

Dars (Lesson) Emtehan (Exam) Yaddasht (Note) Khaterat (Memories) Morurgar (Browser) Zaman (Time) Dobareh (Again) Deghat (Accuracy)

Challenge

Try to say 'I reviewed my lessons' in Persian three times fast: 'Man dars-hayam ra morur kardam'. Then, try to use it for a non-academic context, like reviewing a movie.

Word Origin

The word 'morur' is an Arabic loanword (root M-R-R) meaning 'to pass' or 'to go through'. In Arabic, it is used for traffic (morur) and the passage of time. Persian adopted this noun and combined it with the native Persian verb 'kardan' to create a compound verb.

Original meaning: To pass through; to cross over.

Semitic (root) + Indo-European (auxiliary verb).

Cultural Context

There are no major sensitivities, but note that in legal contexts, 'morur-e zaman' is a technical term that shouldn't be used lightly.

In English, 'review' can mean a critique (like a movie review) or studying. In Persian, 'morur kardan' is mostly studying/re-examining. For a 'critique', Iranians use 'naghd'.

The phrase 'Morur-e Zaman' is a common title for Iranian TV shows or books about history. Many Persian songs use 'morur-e khaterat' to express heartbreak. Academic textbooks often have a 'Morur-e Fasl' (Chapter Review) section.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

School/University

مرور برای امتحان
مرور جزوه
مرور گروهی
زمان مرور

Office/Business

مرور قرارداد
مرور گزارش ماهانه
مرور اهداف شرکت
مرور رزومه

Technology

مرورگر اینترنت
مرور تاریخچه
مرور فایل‌ها
تنظیمات مرورگر

Personal/Emotional

مرور خاطرات کودکی
مرور روزهای خوب
مرور اشتباهات گذشته
مرور آرزوها

Legal

قانون مرور زمان
مرور پرونده قضایی
مرور شواهد
مرور حکم

Conversation Starters

"آیا قبل از امتحان همه درس‌ها را مرور کردی؟ (Did you review all the lessons before the exam?)"

"چطور کلمات جدید را مرور می‌کنی؟ (How do you review new words?)"

"بیا با هم خاطرات سفر را مرور کنیم. (Let's review the memories of the trip together.)"

"کدام مرورگر را برای کامپیوتر پیشنهاد می‌دهی؟ (Which browser do you suggest for the computer?)"

"آیا لازم است این گزارش را دوباره مرور کنیم؟ (Is it necessary for us to review this report again?)"

Journal Prompts

امروز چه چیزهایی یاد گرفتی؟ آن‌ها را به اختصار مرور کن. (What did you learn today? Review them briefly.)

یکی از خاطرات شیرین خود را مرور کن و بنویس. (Review and write about one of your sweet memories.)

اهداف سال جدیدت را مرور کن. چقدر به آن‌ها نزدیک شدی؟ (Review your New Year goals. How close did you get to them?)

اشتباهات هفته گذشته را مرور کن و بگو چه درسی گرفتی. (Review last week's mistakes and say what lesson you learned.)

اگر می‌توانستی بخشی از تاریخ را مرور کنی، کدام بخش بود؟ (If you could review a part of history, which part would it be?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, but usually to describe the act of summarizing or looking back at the scenes. For a professional critique, 'naghd kardan' is better. For example, 'I reviewed the movie scenes' is 'Sanh-haye film ra morur kardam'.

The noun 'morur' is Arabic, but 'morur kardan' is a Persian compound verb. This is very common in Persian, where Arabic nouns are paired with Persian helpers.

'Morur' is general and common for students. 'Bazbini' is more formal and often used for official inspections, like a government body reviewing a film or a law.

It is 'Morurgar-e Internet' (مرورگر اینترنت). Most people just say 'Morurgar'.

Absolutely! 'Morur-e khaterat' is the standard way to say 'reminiscing' or 'going over memories' in Persian.

It is definitely 'kardan' (to do). 'Dardan' is not a verb.

It is 'ma morur kardim'.

No. For a street, you would use 'obur kardan' (to pass through) or 'ghadam zadan' (to walk). 'Morur' is for information or memories.

If you are reviewing a specific thing (like 'the' lesson), yes: 'Dars RA morur kardam'.

The most logical opposite is 'faramush kardan' (to forget) or 'nadideh gereftan' (to ignore).