Hindi Postpositions & Oblique Case (ka, ke, ki, mein, se)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Hindi, nouns change their form (oblique case) when followed by a postposition like 'ka', 'mein', or 'se'.
- Masculine singular nouns ending in -a change to -e before a postposition (e.g., 'kamra' becomes 'kamre mein').
- Plural nouns ending in -e or -a change to -on before a postposition (e.g., 'ladke' becomes 'ladkon se').
- Postpositions always follow the noun they modify, unlike English prepositions which come before (e.g., 'in the room' = 'kamre mein').
Overview
In Hindi, grammatical relationships between words are primarily established not by prepositions, which precede nouns, but by postpositions (परसर्ग, parsargh). These small, functional words always follow the noun, pronoun, or noun phrase they govern, much like suffixes. This structural difference reflects Hindi’s Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) sentence order and its case-marking system, which is richer than English but less extensive than Classical Sanskrit.
Crucially, the presence of a postposition triggers a morphological change in the preceding noun or pronoun. This change is known as the Oblique Case (तिर्यक रूप, tiryaka rūp). The oblique case is a foundational concept in Hindi grammar, marking a word as being dependent on another element, typically a postposition, an oblique infinitive, or certain adjectival forms like wala (वाला).
Mastering the interaction between postpositions and the oblique case is essential for constructing grammatically correct and natural-sounding Hindi sentences, moving beyond simple word-for-word translation.
Consider the difference: in English, you say "in the room"; in Hindi, it's kamre mein (कमरे में), literally "room in." The noun kamrā (कमरा, room) changes to kamre (कमरे) because of the following postposition mein (में, in). This transformation is systematic and applies to most inflecting nouns and all personal pronouns, ensuring clarity and cohesion within the sentence structure. Understanding not just what changes, but why it changes, unlocks a deeper comprehension of Hindi's linguistic logic.
How This Grammar Works
ladkā (लड़का, boy) is in the direct case. If you want to say "to the boy," you append the postposition ko (को). The noun ladkā then takes its oblique form ladke (लड़के), resulting in ladke ko (लड़के को).ka (का), ke (के), and ki (की). Unlike English "'s" or "of," which only mark the possessor, Hindi's possessive postpositions agree in gender and number with the possessed item, not the possessor. This means the form ka, ke, or ki is chosen based on the noun that follows it, which is the item being possessed.mohan kā ghar (मोहन का घर, Mohan's house) uses kā because ghar (घर, house) is masculine singular. If it were "Mohan's book" (kitāb किताब, feminine singular), it would be mohan kī kitāb (मोहन की किताब). This particular agreement pattern is a frequent point of confusion for learners and highlights the nuanced interplay within Hindi phrases.Formation Pattern
-ā (आ) | ladkā (लड़का, boy) | ladke (लड़के) | ladke (लड़के) | ladkon (लड़कों) |
-ī इ, -ū ऊ, -o ओ) | ghar (घर, house) | ghar (घर) | ghar (घर) | gharon (घरों) |
ādmī (आदमी, man) | ādmī (आदमी) | ādmī (आदमी) | ādmīyon (आदमियों) |
-ā (आ): These are the most regular and visibly inflecting masculine nouns. In the singular oblique, -ā changes to -e (ए). In the plural oblique, both -ā ending nouns (which become -e in direct plural) and other masculine nouns take the -on (ओं) ending, often with a nasal sound.
kamrā (कमरा, room) → kamre mein (कमरे में, in the room).
ladke (लड़के, boys - direct plural) → ladkon ko (लड़कों को, to the boys).
-on (ओं) ending, sometimes with an intervening y (य) if the noun ends in a vowel other than -ā.
ghar (घर, house) → ghar mein (घर में, in the house).
kitāb (किताब, book - actually feminine, but for illustrative purpose imagine a masculine noun ending in consonant) -> kitābon par (किताबों पर, on the books) - Correction: kitāb is feminine. Let's use dost (दोस्त, friend, masculine, consonant-ending). doston ke sāth (दोस्तों के साथ, with friends).
mez (मेज़, table) | mez (मेज़) | mezen (मेज़ें) | mezon (मेज़ों) |
ladkī (लड़की, girl) | ladkī (लड़की) | ladkiyān (लड़कियाँ) | ladkiyon (लड़कियों) |
-on (ओं) ending, often with a preceding y (य) if the direct plural ends in -iyān (इयाँ) or -en (एँ).
mez (मेज़, table) → mez par (मेज़ पर, on the table).
ladkiyān (लड़कियाँ, girls - direct plural) → ladkiyon ke sāth (लड़कियों के साथ, with girls).
main (मैं) | mujh (मुझ) | I |
tū (तू) | tujh (तुझ) | You (intimate singular) |
tum (तुम) | tumh (तुम्ह) | You (informal singular/plural) |
āp (आप) | āp (आप) | You (formal singular/plural) |
yah (यह) | is (इस) | This, he/she (near) |
vah (वह) | us (उस) | That, he/she (far) |
ham (हम) | ham (हम) | We |
ve (वे) | un (उन) | They (far) |
ye (ये) | in (इन) | They (near) |
kaun (कौन) | kis (किस) | Who |
koyī (कोई) | kisī (किसी) | Someone, anyone |
kuchh (कुछ) | kuchh (कुछ) | Something, anything |
ko (को) combinations contract for ease of pronunciation and are extremely common in spoken Hindi:
mujh ko (मुझ को) → mujhe (मुझे)
tujh ko (तुझ को) → tujhe (तुझे)
tumh ko (तुम्ह को) → tumhen (तुम्हें)
ham ko (हम को) → hamen (हमें)
in ko (इन को) → inhen (इन्हें)
un ko (उन को) → unhen (उन्हें)
mujhe and tujhe.
-ā (आ) that precede an oblique masculine noun will also take the -e (ए) ending. This is a crucial agreement rule.
acchā ladkā (अच्छा लड़का, good boy) → acche ladke ko (अच्छे लड़के को, to the good boy).
-ā (e.g., sundar सुंदर, beautiful) do not change: sundar ladke ko (सुंदर लड़के को, to the beautiful boy).
-o (ओ) in their direct plural form will take an -on (ओं) ending when used with a postposition, particularly donon (दोनों, both) and tīnon (तीनों, all three).
donon logon ko (दोनों लोगों को, to both people).
tīnon kitābon mein (तीनों किताबों में, in all three books).
When To Use It
ka (का), ke (के), ki (की) – Possession, Relationship, Specificationkā(का) is used before masculine singular nouns.ke(के) is used before masculine plural nouns, or to express a relationship (e.g.,ke sāth,ke lie).kī(की) is used before feminine singular or plural nouns.- Example (Possession, masculine singular possessed):
mohan kā ghar(मोहन का घर, Mohan's house).mohanis the possessor,gharis masculine singular, sokais used. - Example (Possession, feminine singular possessed):
sītā kī kitāb(सीता की किताब, Sita's book).sītāis the possessor,kitābis feminine singular, sokiis used. - Example (Relationship, oblique noun):
un ke sāth(उन के साथ, with them).unis the oblique form ofve,keis used becausesāthis treated as masculine or neutral in this compound postposition.
ko (को) – To, For, Direct Object Markerko indicates the indirect object, the animate direct object, destination, or time.- Indirect Object: Always uses
ko. The recipient of an action. main ladke ko kitāb detā hūn(मैं लड़के को किताब देता हूँ, I give the book to the boy).ladkābecomesladke.- Animate Direct Object: Marks a specific or definite animate direct object. If the direct object is animate but indefinite,
komay be omitted. usne mujhe dekhā(उसने मुझे देखा, He saw me).mujhis the oblique ofmain, contracted withkotomujhe.- Destination (often optional or for specific contexts): Can imply motion towards.
ham dilli ko jā rahe hain(हम दिल्ली को जा रहे हैं, We are going to Delhi). In casual speech,dilli jā rahe hain(दिल्ली जा रहे हैं) is more common.- Time: Indicates a specific point in time.
hamāt baje ko milege(हम आठ बजे को मिलेंगे, We will meet at 8 o'clock).
se (से) – From, By/With (Instrument), With (Accompaniment), Than (Comparison)se is another highly frequent postposition expressing separation, means, accompaniment, or comparison.- From (separation): Indicates departure or origin.
main ghar se ā rahā hūn(मैं घर से आ रहा हूँ, I am coming from home).gharremains unchanged as it's a consonant-ending masculine singular noun.- By/With (instrument or means): Specifies the tool or method used.
usne pen se likhā(उसने पेन से लिखा, He wrote with a pen).pen(pen) is masculine, no visible oblique change in singular.- With (accompaniment): Less common than
ke sāth, but possible. voh doston se bāt kar rahā thā(वह दोस्तों से बात कर रहा था, He was talking with friends).dost(friend) becomesdostonin plural oblique.- Than (comparison): Used for comparative structures.
rāhul mohan se lambā hai(राहुल मोहन से लंबा है, Rahul is taller than Mohan).
mein (में) – In, Inside, Amongkitāb bakse mein hai(किताब बक्से में है, The book is in the box).baksā(बक्सा, box) becomesbakse.bharat mein bahut se log hain(भारत में बहुत से लोग हैं, There are many people in India).bharat(भारत, India) is masculine, consonant-ending, so no visible oblique change.
par (पर) – On, At, Uponkitāb mez par hai(किताब मेज़ पर है, The book is on the table).mez(मेज़, table) is feminine, so no visible oblique change.voh darvāze par khaḍā hai(वह दरवाज़े पर खड़ा है, He is standing at the door).darvāzā(दरवाज़ा, door) becomesdarvāze.
ke (के) with another word. The ke here functions as an oblique marker for the preceding noun.ke lie(के लिए) – For:mere lie(मेरे लिए, for me).main→mujh→mere(oblique possessive form).ke pās(के पास) – Near, To have:us ke pās paisā hai(उस के पास पैसा है, He has money / Money is near him).ke ūpar(के ऊपर) – Above, on top of:ghar ke ūpar(घर के ऊपर, above the house).ke nīche(के नीचे) – Below, under:mez ke nīche(मेज़ के नीचे, under the table).ke sāmane(के सामने) – In front of:dukaan ke sāmane(दुकान के सामने, in front of the shop).
Common Mistakes
- Forgetting the Oblique Change for Masculine
-āNouns: This is arguably the most common and noticeable error. Learners often treat nouns as invariable, leading to grammatically incorrect phrases. - Incorrect: ❌
ladkā ko bulao.(लड़का को बुलाओ।) - Correct: ✅
ladke ko bulao.(लड़के को बुलाओ।, Call the boy.) - Why it's wrong: The noun
ladkā(boy) must take its oblique formladkebefore the postpositionko. Failing to do so makes the phrase sound ungrammatical and childish.
- Incorrect
ka/ke/kiAgreement: This error stems from misunderstanding that these postpositions agree with the possessed item, not the possessor. - Incorrect: ❌
ladkī kā kitaab.(लड़की का किताब।) - Correct: ✅
ladkī kī kitāb.(लड़की की किताब।, Girl's book.) - Why it's wrong:
kitāb(book) is feminine. Therefore, the possessive marker must bekī, regardless of the gender ofladkī(girl).
- Using Direct Case Pronouns with Postpositions: Personal pronouns always take their specific oblique forms before postpositions. Using direct forms sounds highly unnatural.
- Incorrect: ❌
main ko dū.(मैं को दूँ।) - Correct: ✅
mujh ko dū.ormujhe dū.(मुझ को दूँ। / मुझे दूँ।, Give it to me.) - Why it's wrong:
main(I) must becomemujhin the oblique case. The contractedmujheis even more natural.
- Over-Applying the Oblique Case: Learners sometimes mistakenly apply the oblique change to nouns that don't inflect, such as singular feminine nouns or masculine nouns not ending in
-ā. - Incorrect: ❌
gharā mein(घरा में) (assuminggharbecomesgharalikeladkā->ladke). - Correct: ✅
ghar mein(घर में, in the house.) - Why it's wrong:
ghar(house) is a masculine noun ending in a consonant, so its singular oblique form is identical to its direct form. No visible change occurs.
- Missing Nasalization in Plural Oblique Forms: The
-onending often includes a nasal sound (ँ or ं) in Devanagari (ओं,यों). Omitting this can make speech sound less precise. - Incorrect: ❌
ladkiyo ko(लड़कियो को) - Correct: ✅
ladkiyon ko(लड़कियों को, to the girls.) - Why it's wrong: The plural oblique ending for feminine nouns (
ladkiyān) isladkiyon(लड़कियों), including the nasalization.
- Confusing
seandko: Both can sometimes be translated as "to" or "from," but their usage differs significantly. kogenerally indicates movement towards or a recipient.seindicates movement from, or the instrument/agent.- Incorrect: ❌
school ko ā rahā hūn.(स्कूल को आ रहा हूँ।) - Correct: ✅
school se ā rahā hūn.(स्कूल से आ रहा हूँ।, I am coming from school.) - Why it's wrong: Coming from school requires
se, indicating origin.kowould imply coming to school, which doesn't fit the context ofā rahā hūn(coming).
Real Conversations
Understanding postpositions and the oblique case moves from theoretical knowledge to practical application when you observe their pervasive use in everyday Hindi. From casual chats to formal communications, these grammatical elements are fundamental to natural expression. You'll find them in text messages, social media, work emails, and, of course, all forms of spoken Hindi.
1. Casual Spoken Hindi & Texting:
In informal contexts, speakers often employ contracted pronoun forms and sometimes simplify certain postpositional usages, although the core oblique case rules remain consistent.
- Scenario: A friend asking about weekend plans.
- tum shukravār ko kyā kar rahe ho? (तुम शुक्रवार को क्या कर रहे हो?, What are you doing on Friday?)
- main ghar par hūn. (मैं घर पर हूँ।, I am at home.)
- chalo, mujhe phone karo. (चलो, मुझे फ़ोन करो।, Come on, call me.) – Note the contracted mujhe.
- Observation: Notice how ghar (घर, house) does not change form with par (पर), as it's masculine consonant-ending. shukravār (शुक्रवार, Friday) is masculine, consonant-ending, and similarly takes no visible oblique change with ko.
2. Social Media & Online Communication:
Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, or X (Twitter) often feature short, punchy phrases that rely heavily on postpositions to convey meaning concisely.
- Caption: doston ke sāth mazā (दोस्तों के साथ मज़ा, Fun with friends).
- Here, dost (दोस्त, friend) becomes doston (दोस्तों) in the plural oblique form before the compound postposition ke sāth (के साथ).
- Comment: yah tasvīr mein tum bahut acche lag rahe ho! (यह तस्वीर में तुम बहुत अच्छे लग रहे हो!, You look great in this picture!).
- tasvīr (तस्वीर, picture) is feminine and remains unchanged in the singular oblique with mein.
3. Work Emails & Formal Communication:
While formal, the usage of postpositions and oblique case remains essential for clarity and professionalism. There's less room for casual contractions, though they might still appear if the tone is semi-formal.
- Email snippet: ham is saptāh ke ant tak report jamā kar denge. (हम इस सप्ताह के अंत तक रिपोर्ट जमा कर देंगे।, We will submit the report by the end of this week.)
- saptāh (सप्ताह, week) is masculine, consonant-ending, no visible oblique change. ant (अंत, end) is also masculine, consonant-ending. Here ke ant tak is a complex postpositional phrase where saptāh is followed by ke (oblique marker) and ant is followed by tak (until).
- Meeting update: meeting mein milenge. (मीटिंग में मिलेंगे।, We will meet in the meeting.)
- meeting (मीटिंग) is feminine, no visible oblique change in singular.
4. Cultural Insight:
The use of ke pās (के पास) for possession (mere pās kitāb hai, मेरे पास किताब है, "I have a book," literally "a book is near me") highlights a conceptual difference. Unlike English "to have" (which implies active possession), Hindi often expresses possession as something being located near or with a person. This is not just a grammatical construction but reflects a philosophical nuance in how ownership or availability is perceived.
Quick FAQ
-ā, they will inflect to -e before a postposition. For example, if your friend's name is Rāmā (रामा), and you are giving something to Rāmā, it would be rāme ko (रामे को). However, for proper nouns ending in other sounds (e.g., mohan मोहन, sītā सीता, london लंदन), there is no visible change in the singular form when in the oblique case, similar to common nouns.dost (दोस्त, friend)?dost (दोस्त) remains dost even before a postposition: dost ko (दोस्त को, to the friend), dost se (दोस्त से, from the friend). The oblique change is 'hidden' or null for these nouns in the singular.-on (ओं) ending: doston ko (दोस्तों को, to the friends).mujhe the same as mujh ko? And are there others?mujhe (मुझे) is a contracted form of mujh ko (मुझ को). They are grammatically equivalent, but mujhe is almost universally preferred in spoken Hindi due to its fluidity and brevity. You'll hear mujhe far more often. Similar contractions exist for other pronouns:tujh ko(तुझ को) →tujhe(तुझे)tumh ko(तुम्ह को) →tumhen(तुम्हें)ham ko(हम को) →hamen(हमें)in ko(इन को) →inhen(इन्हें)un ko(उन को) →unhen(उन्हें)
baḍā lāl kār (बड़ा लाल कार, big red car). If we say "in the big red car," it becomes baḍī lāl kār mein (बड़ी लाल कार में).kār is feminine (no visible oblique change), and baḍā (बड़ा, big) is an inflecting adjective that agrees with kār (कार) in its direct case, but in this specific instance it takes its feminine form (baḍī) to agree with kār as kār itself does not inflect visibly in the oblique. Correction: This example with adjectives needs careful re-evaluation for clarity. Let's use a clear example where the adjective does inflect to e. acchā ladkā (अच्छा लड़का, good boy).acche ladke ko (अच्छे लड़के को, to the good boy). Both acchā changes to acche and ladkā changes to ladke.ko or se?ko milnā (को मिलना, to meet/to get) requires the preceding noun or pronoun to be in the oblique with ko. mujhe ek kitāb milī (मुझे एक किताब मिली, I got a book, literally "to me a book was met").se pūchnā (से पूछना, to ask from) expects the person being asked to be marked with se: maine us se pūchhā (मैंने उस से पूछा, I asked him/her, literally "I asked from him/her"). These are examples where the verb dictates the required postposition and thus the oblique case, rather than just the relational meaning of the postposition itself.tū (तू, intimate singular), tum (तुम, informal singular/plural), and āp (आप, formal singular/plural). Their respective oblique forms are tujh (तुझ), tumh (तुम्ह), and āp (आप).āp (आप) does not change morphologically in the oblique case, tū and tum have distinct oblique forms that must be used. This reinforces the register and relationship you are conveying in your communication.donon (दोनों, both), tīnon (तीनों, all three), chāron (चारों, all four) will take the -on (ओं) ending when followed by a postposition, if they are not already in that form. For example, donon logon se (दोनों लोगों से, from both people) or tīnon kitābon mein (तीनों किताबों में, in all three books).Oblique Case Transformation
| Noun Type | Direct Form | Oblique Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masc. -a
|
Kamra
|
Kamre
|
Kamre mein
|
|
Masc. Other
|
Ghar
|
Ghar
|
Ghar mein
|
|
Fem. Singular
|
Kitaab
|
Kitaab
|
Kitaab mein
|
|
Plural
|
Ladke
|
Ladkon
|
Ladkon se
|
|
Fem. Plural
|
Baatein
|
Baaton
|
Baaton mein
|
|
Pronoun
|
Main
|
Mujh
|
Mujhse
|
Meanings
Postpositions are particles that indicate the relationship of a noun to other parts of the sentence. When these are added, the noun must shift into the 'oblique case'.
Possession (ka/ke/ki)
Indicates ownership or relationship.
“राम का घर (Ram ka ghar)”
“मेरी किताब (Meri kitaab)”
Location (mein/par)
Indicates position or containment.
“मेज पर (Mez par)”
“शहर में (Shahar mein)”
Instrument/Source (se)
Indicates means, source, or separation.
“कलम से (Kalam se)”
“दिल्ली से (Delhi se)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Noun(Obl) + Postposition
|
Kamre mein
|
|
Negative
|
Noun(Obl) + Postposition + Nahi
|
Kamre mein nahi
|
|
Question
|
Kya + Noun(Obl) + Postposition?
|
Kya kamre mein?
|
|
Possessive
|
Possessor(Obl) + ka/ke/ki + Object
|
Ram ke ghar
|
|
Plural
|
Noun(Obl-Pl) + Postposition
|
Ladkon ke saath
|
|
Pronoun
|
Pronoun(Obl) + Postposition
|
Mujhse
|
Formality Spectrum
कक्ष में (Kaksh mein) (General location)
कमरे में (Kamre mein) (General location)
कमरे में (Kamre mein) (General location)
कमरे में (Kamre mein) (General location)
The Oblique Bridge
Masculine
- Kamra Room
Plural
- Ladke Boys
Examples by Level
घर में
In the house
राम का भाई
Ram's brother
किताब मेज पर है
The book is on the table
बस से
By bus
कमरे में
In the room
लड़के का नाम
The boy's name
बच्चों के लिए
For the children
दिल्ली से
From Delhi
मेरे दोस्त के घर में
In my friend's house
अच्छे खाने के साथ
With good food
बड़ी गाड़ियों में
In big cars
उसकी बात से
From his talk
इस समस्या के बारे में
About this problem
पुराने मकानों के पीछे
Behind the old houses
शिक्षक के द्वारा
By the teacher
मेरे भाई के लिए
For my brother
सरकार के निर्णय के अनुसार
According to the government's decision
उसकी मेहनत के बावजूद
Despite his hard work
शहर के चारों ओर
All around the city
मेरे मित्र के साथ
With my friend
संविधान के अंतर्गत
Under the constitution
परंपराओं के विपरीत
Contrary to traditions
समय के साथ-साथ
Along with time
उसकी दृष्टि से
From his perspective
Easily Confused
Learners mix up agreement.
Both mean location.
Both involve people.
Common Mistakes
Kamra mein
Kamre mein
Ladka ka
Ladke ka
Ghar mein
Ghar mein
Kitaab mein
Kitaab mein
Ladkas se
Ladkon se
Mez mein
Mez par
Mujh ka
Mera
Bade gharon mein
Bade gharon mein
Uska saath
Uske saath
Sab log ke
Sab logon ke
Niyam ke anusar
Niyam ke anusar
Vipaksh ke viruddh
Vipaksh ke viruddh
Sarkar ke dwara
Sarkar ke dwara
Samay ke sath
Samay ke saath
Sentence Patterns
मैं ___ में हूँ।
यह ___ का घर है।
मैं ___ के साथ आया हूँ।
___ के बारे में क्या ख्याल है?
Real World Usage
Tum kahan ho? Main ghar mein hoon.
Paneer ke saath roti dijiye.
Main is company ke liye kaam karna chahta hoon.
Main bus se ja raha hoon.
Mere dost ke saath photo.
Niyam ke anusar...
Check the gender
Don't forget the oblique
Practice with pronouns
Listen to native speakers
Smart Tips
Pause and check the noun ending.
Always add -on.
Look at the word AFTER the postposition.
Use the full oblique forms.
Pronunciation
Oblique -e
The -e ending is pronounced like the 'e' in 'bed'.
Question
Kamre mein? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of the oblique case as a 'suit' the noun wears to meet the postposition.
Visual Association
Imagine a boy (ladka) putting on a hat (the postposition). As he puts on the hat, his shirt changes color from -a to -e.
Rhyme
When the postposition comes to play, change the -a to an -e today!
Story
The noun 'Kamra' was happy being 'a'. But when 'mein' arrived, 'Kamra' had to change into 'Kamre' to fit in. Now they are best friends forever.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 5 sentences using different postpositions (mein, se, par, ke saath, ke liye) in 5 minutes.
Cultural Notes
The oblique case is strictly followed in formal Hindi, but in colloquial speech, it is sometimes elided.
Hindi postpositions evolved from Sanskrit case endings that became independent particles.
Conversation Starters
आप किस कमरे में हैं?
आप किसके साथ आए हैं?
आप किस शहर से हैं?
इस समस्या के बारे में आप क्या सोचते हैं?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Main ___ (kamra) mein hoon.
Kitaab mez ___ hai.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ladka ka naam Ram hai.
Ladke ke saath (plural).
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Tum kahan ho? B: Main ___ (ghar) mein hoon.
hai / mein / kamre / main
Feminine nouns change in the singular oblique.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesMain ___ (kamra) mein hoon.
Kitaab mez ___ hai.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ladka ka naam Ram hai.
Ladke ke saath (plural).
Match: 1. Mein, 2. Se, 3. Par, 4. Ka
A: Tum kahan ho? B: Main ___ (ghar) mein hoon.
hai / mein / kamre / main
Feminine nouns change in the singular oblique.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesLaptop table ___ hai.
Ladke ko bulao (Call the boys).
Select the correct phrase:
___ mein kya hai? (What is in that?)
Match the pairs:
Rahul's car
Main kamra mein hoon.
___ batao. (Tell me.)
Dukaan (shop) + se (from)
Arrange the words:
Select the correct plural oblique:
___ mat chuuna. (Don't touch this.)
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
It's the oblique case rule for masculine nouns ending in -a.
No, only those that end in -a or plural nouns.
Use 'ka' for masculine singular, 'ke' for masculine plural or oblique.
Yes, it is the standard postposition for containment.
They don't change in the singular, but they do in the plural.
Only in very casual speech, but it's better to use it for accuracy.
Write sentences using different nouns and postpositions.
Some nouns are irregular, but the -a to -e rule covers most.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Prepositions (en, de, con)
Word order.
Prepositions (dans, de, avec)
Noun inflection.
Prepositions (in, von, mit)
Case system complexity.
Particles (ni, no, to)
Japanese particles don't change the noun.
Prepositions (fi, min, ma'a)
Word order.
Prepositions (zai, de, gen)
Word order.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
Complex Postpositions (Ke Saath, Ke Liye)
Overview Mastering Hindi at the B2 level requires moving beyond basic single-word postpositions like `mein` (में - in) o...
Expressing Direction: Towards (की तरफ)
Overview In Hindi, expressing movement or orientation **towards** a general direction or entity requires specific gramma...
Expressing Purpose: Using 'To' and 'For' with Verbs (-ne ke liye)
Overview When articulating the motivation or objective behind an action in Hindi, you utilize a specific grammatical con...
Hindi Postposition को (ko): To, For, The
Overview The Hindi postposition `ko` (को) is a fundamental grammatical element essential for constructing clear and gram...
Hindi Postposition 'Mein' (In/Inside)
Overview The Hindi postposition `में` (`mein`) is a fundamental component of the language, serving to express concepts o...
