Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Hindi, nouns change their form (oblique case) when followed by a postposition like 'ka', 'mein', or 'se'.
- Masculine singular nouns ending in -a change to -e before a postposition (e.g., 'kamra' becomes 'kamre mein').
- Plural nouns ending in -e or -a change to -on before a postposition (e.g., 'ladke' becomes 'ladkon se').
- Postpositions always follow the noun they modify, unlike English prepositions which come before (e.g., 'in the room' = 'kamre mein').
Overview
wala (वाला).*in the room*; in Hindi, it's kamre mein (कमरे में), literally *room in*. The noun kamrā (कमरा, room) changes to kamre (कमरे) because of the following postposition mein (में, in). This transformation is systematic and applies to most inflecting nouns and all personal pronouns, ensuring clarity and cohesion within the sentence structure. Understanding not just *what* changes, but *why* it changes, unlocks a deeper comprehension of Hindi's linguistic logic.How This Grammar Works
ladkā (लड़का, boy) is in the direct case. If you want to say *to the boy*, you append the postposition ko (को). The noun ladkā then takes its oblique form ladke (लड़के), resulting in ladke ko (लड़के को).ka (का), ke (के), and ki (की). Unlike English "'s or of," which only mark the possessor, Hindi's possessive postpositions agree in gender and number with the possessed item, not the possessor. This means the form ka, ke, or ki is chosen based on the noun that *follows* it, which is the item being possessed.mohan kā ghar (मोहन का घर, Mohan's house) uses kā because ghar (घर, house) is masculine singular. If it were "Mohan's book" (kitāb किताब, feminine singular), it would be mohan kī kitāb (मोहन की किताब). This particular agreement pattern is a frequent point of confusion for learners and highlights the nuanced interplay within Hindi phrases.
Formation Pattern
-ā (आ) | ladkā (लड़का, boy) | ladke (लड़के) | ladke (लड़के) | ladkon (लड़कों) |
-ī इ, -ū ऊ, -o ओ) | ghar (घर, house) | ghar (घर) | ghar (घर) | gharon (घरों) |
ādmī (आदमी, man) | ādmī (आदमी) | ādmī (आदमी) | ādmīyon (आदमियों) |
-ā (आ): These are the most regular and visibly inflecting masculine nouns. In the singular oblique, -ā changes to -e (ए). In the plural oblique, both -ā ending nouns (which become -e in direct plural) and other masculine nouns take the -on (ओं) ending, often with a nasal sound.
kamrā (कमरा, room) → kamre mein (कमरे में, in the room).
ladke (लड़के, boys - direct plural) → ladkon ko (लड़कों को, to the boys).
-on (ओं) ending, sometimes with an intervening y (य) if the noun ends in a vowel other than -ā.
ghar (घर, house) → ghar mein (घर में, in the house).
kitāb (किताब, book - actually feminine, but for illustrative purpose imagine a masculine noun ending in consonant) -> kitābon par (किताबों पर, on the books) - *Correction: kitāb is feminine. Let's use dost (दोस्त, friend, masculine, consonant-ending).* doston ke sāth (दोस्तों के साथ, with friends).
mez (मेज़, table) | mez (मेज़) | mezen (मेज़ें) | mezon (मेज़ों) |
ladkī (लड़की, girl) | ladkī (लड़की) | ladkiyān (लड़कियाँ) | ladkiyon (लड़कियों) |
-on (ओं) ending, often with a preceding y (य) if the direct plural ends in -iyān (इयाँ) or -en (एँ).
mez (मेज़, table) → mez par (मेज़ पर, on the table).
ladkiyān (लड़कियाँ, girls - direct plural) → ladkiyon ke sāth (लड़कियों के साथ, with girls).
main (मैं) | mujh (मुझ) | I |
tū (तू) | tujh (तुझ) | You (intimate singular) |
tum (तुम) | tumh (तुम्ह) | You (informal singular/plural) |
āp (आप) | āp (आप) | You (formal singular/plural) |
yah (यह) | is (इस) | This, he/she (near) |
vah (वह) | us (उस) | That, he/she (far) |
ham (हम) | ham (हम) | We |
ve (वे) | un (उन) | They (far) |
ye (ये) | in (इन) | They (near) |
kaun (कौन) | kis (किस) | Who |
koyī (कोई) | kisī (किसी) | Someone, anyone |
kuchh (कुछ) | kuchh (कुछ) | Something, anything |
ko (को) combinations contract for ease of pronunciation and are extremely common in spoken Hindi:
mujh ko (मुझ को) → mujhe (मुझे)
tujh ko (तुझ को) → tujhe (तुझे)
tumh ko (तुम्ह को) → tumhen (तुम्हें)
ham ko (हम को) → hamen (हमें)
in ko (इन को) → inhen (इन्हें)
un ko (उन को) → unhen (उन्हें)
mujhe and tujhe.
-ā (आ) that precede an oblique masculine noun will also take the -e (ए) ending. This is a crucial agreement rule.
acchā ladkā (अच्छा लड़का, good boy) → acche ladke ko (अच्छे लड़के को, to the good boy).
-ā (e.g., sundar सुंदर, beautiful) do not change: sundar ladke ko (सुंदर लड़के को, to the beautiful boy).
-o (ओ) in their direct plural form will take an -on (ओं) ending when used with a postposition, particularly donon (दोनों, both) and tīnon (तीनों, all three).
donon logon ko (दोनों लोगों को, to both people).
tīnon kitābon mein (तीनों किताबों में, in all three books).
When To Use It
ka (का), ke (के), ki (की) – Possession, Relationship, Specification or of." They agree in gender and number with the possessed noun, not the possessor.kā(का) is used before masculine singular nouns.ke(के) is used before masculine plural nouns, or to express a relationship (e.g.,ke sāth,ke lie).kī(की) is used before feminine singular or plural nouns.- Example (Possession, masculine singular possessed):
mohan kā ghar(मोहन का घर, Mohan's house).mohanis the possessor,gharis masculine singular, sokais used. - Example (Possession, feminine singular possessed):
sītā kī kitāb(सीता की किताब, Sita's book).sītāis the possessor,kitābis feminine singular, sokiis used. - Example (Relationship, oblique noun):
un ke sāth(उन के साथ, with them).unis the oblique form ofve,keis used becausesāthis treated as masculine or neutral in this compound postposition.
ko (को) – To, For, Direct Object Markerko indicates the indirect object, the animate direct object, destination, or time.- Indirect Object: Always uses
ko. The recipient of an action. main ladke ko kitāb detā hūn(मैं लड़के को किताब देता हूँ, I give the book to the boy).ladkābecomesladke.- Animate Direct Object: Marks a specific or definite animate direct object. If the direct object is animate but indefinite,
komay be omitted. usne mujhe dekhā(उसने मुझे देखा, He saw me).mujhis the oblique ofmain, contracted withkotomujhe.- Destination (often optional or for specific contexts): Can imply motion towards.
ham dilli ko jā rahe hain(हम दिल्ली को जा रहे हैं, We are going to Delhi). In casual speech,dilli jā rahe hain(दिल्ली जा रहे हैं) is more common.- Time: Indicates a specific point in time.
hamāt baje ko milege(हम आठ बजे को मिलेंगे, We will meet at 8 o'clock).
se (से) – From, By/With (Instrument), With (Accompaniment), Than (Comparison)se is another highly frequent postposition expressing separation, means, accompaniment, or comparison.- From (separation): Indicates departure or origin.
main ghar se ā rahā hūn(मैं घर से आ रहा हूँ, I am coming from home).gharremains unchanged as it's a consonant-ending masculine singular noun.- By/With (instrument or means): Specifies the tool or method used.
usne pen se likhā(उसने पेन से लिखा, He wrote with a pen).pen(pen) is masculine, no visible oblique change in singular.- With (accompaniment): Less common than
ke sāth, but possible. voh doston se bāt kar rahā thā(वह दोस्तों से बात कर रहा था, He was talking with friends).dost(friend) becomesdostonin plural oblique.- Than (comparison): Used for comparative structures.
rāhul mohan se lambā hai(राहुल मोहन से लंबा है, Rahul is taller than Mohan).
mein (में) – In, Inside, Amongkitāb bakse mein hai(किताब बक्से में है, The book is in the box).baksā(बक्सा, box) becomesbakse.bharat mein bahut se log hain(भारत में बहुत से लोग हैं, There are many people in India).bharat(भारत, India) is masculine, consonant-ending, so no visible oblique change.
par (पर) – On, At, Uponkitāb mez par hai(किताब मेज़ पर है, The book is on the table).mez(मेज़, table) is feminine, so no visible oblique change.voh darvāze par khaḍā hai(वह दरवाज़े पर खड़ा है, He is standing at the door).darvāzā(दरवाज़ा, door) becomesdarvāze.
ke (के) with another word. The ke here functions as an oblique marker for the preceding noun.ke lie(के लिए) – For:mere lie(मेरे लिए, for me).main→mujh→mere(oblique possessive form).ke pās(के पास) – Near, To have:us ke pās paisā hai(उस के पास पैसा है, He has money / Money is near him).ke ūpar(के ऊपर) – Above, on top of:ghar ke ūpar(घर के ऊपर, above the house).ke nīche(के नीचे) – Below, under:mez ke nīche(मेज़ के नीचे, under the table).ke sāmane(के सामने) – In front of:dukaan ke sāmane(दुकान के सामने, in front of the shop).
Common Mistakes
- Forgetting the Oblique Change for Masculine
-āNouns: This is arguably the most common and noticeable error. Learners often treat nouns as invariable, leading to grammatically incorrect phrases. - Incorrect: ❌
ladkā ko bulao.(लड़का को बुलाओ।) - Correct: ✅
ladke ko bulao.(लड़के को बुलाओ।, Call the boy.) - Why it's wrong: The noun
ladkā(boy) must take its oblique formladkebefore the postpositionko. Failing to do so makes the phrase sound ungrammatical and childish.
- Incorrect
ka/ke/kiAgreement: This error stems from misunderstanding that these postpositions agree with the *possessed item*, not the possessor. - Incorrect: ❌
ladkī kā kitaab.(लड़की का किताब।) - Correct: ✅
ladkī kī kitāb.(लड़की की किताब।, Girl's book.) - Why it's wrong:
kitāb(book) is feminine. Therefore, the possessive marker must bekī, regardless of the gender ofladkī(girl).
- Using Direct Case Pronouns with Postpositions: Personal pronouns *always* take their specific oblique forms before postpositions. Using direct forms sounds highly unnatural.
- Incorrect: ❌
main ko dū.(मैं को दूँ।) - Correct: ✅
mujh ko dū.ormujhe dū.(मुझ को दूँ। / मुझे दूँ।, Give it to me.) - Why it's wrong:
main(I) must becomemujhin the oblique case. The contractedmujheis even more natural.
- Over-Applying the Oblique Case: Learners sometimes mistakenly apply the oblique change to nouns that don't inflect, such as singular feminine nouns or masculine nouns not ending in
-ā. - Incorrect: ❌
gharā mein(घरा में) (assuminggharbecomesgharalikeladkā->ladke). - Correct: ✅
ghar mein(घर में, in the house.) - Why it's wrong:
ghar(house) is a masculine noun ending in a consonant, so its singular oblique form is identical to its direct form. No visible change occurs.
- Missing Nasalization in Plural Oblique Forms: The
-onending often includes a nasal sound (ँ or ं) in Devanagari (ओं,यों). Omitting this can make speech sound less precise. - Incorrect: ❌
ladkiyo ko(लड़कियो को) - Correct: ✅
ladkiyon ko(लड़कियों को, to the girls.) - Why it's wrong: The plural oblique ending for feminine nouns (
ladkiyān) isladkiyon(लड़कियों), including the nasalization.
- Confusing
seandko: Both can sometimes be translated astoorfrom,but their usage differs significantly. kogenerally indicates movement *towards* or a recipient.seindicates movement *from*, or the instrument/agent.- Incorrect: ❌
school ko ā rahā hūn.(स्कूल को आ रहा हूँ।) - Correct: ✅
school se ā rahā hūn.(स्कूल से आ रहा हूँ।, I am coming from school.) - Why it's wrong: Coming *from* school requires
se, indicating origin.kowould imply coming *to* school, which doesn't fit the context ofā rahā hūn(coming).
Real Conversations
Understanding postpositions and the oblique case moves from theoretical knowledge to practical application when you observe their pervasive use in everyday Hindi. From casual chats to formal communications, these grammatical elements are fundamental to natural expression. You'll find them in text messages, social media, work emails, and, of course, all forms of spoken Hindi.
1. Casual Spoken Hindi & Texting:
In informal contexts, speakers often employ contracted pronoun forms and sometimes simplify certain postpositional usages, although the core oblique case rules remain consistent.
- Scenario: A friend asking about weekend plans.
- tum shukravār ko kyā kar rahe ho? (तुम शुक्रवार को क्या कर रहे हो?, What are you doing on Friday?)
- main ghar par hūn. (मैं घर पर हूँ।, I am at home.)
- chalo, mujhe phone karo. (चलो, मुझे फ़ोन करो।, Come on, call me.) – Note the contracted mujhe.
- Observation: Notice how ghar (घर, house) does not change form with par (पर), as it's masculine consonant-ending. shukravār (शुक्रवार, Friday) is masculine, consonant-ending, and similarly takes no visible oblique change with ko.
2. Social Media & Online Communication:
Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, or X (Twitter) often feature short, punchy phrases that rely heavily on postpositions to convey meaning concisely.
- Caption: doston ke sāth mazā (दोस्तों के साथ मज़ा, Fun with friends).
- Here, dost (दोस्त, friend) becomes doston (दोस्तों) in the plural oblique form before the compound postposition ke sāth (के साथ).
- Comment: yah tasvīr mein tum bahut acche lag rahe ho! (यह तस्वीर में तुम बहुत अच्छे लग रहे हो!, You look great in this picture!).
- tasvīr (तस्वीर, picture) is feminine and remains unchanged in the singular oblique with mein.
3. Work Emails & Formal Communication:
While formal, the usage of postpositions and oblique case remains essential for clarity and professionalism. There's less room for casual contractions, though they might still appear if the tone is semi-formal.
- Email snippet: ham is saptāh ke ant tak report jamā kar denge. (हम इस सप्ताह के अंत तक रिपोर्ट जमा कर देंगे।, We will submit the report by the end of this week.)
- saptāh (सप्ताह, week) is masculine, consonant-ending, no visible oblique change. ant (अंत, end) is also masculine, consonant-ending. Here ke ant tak is a complex postpositional phrase where saptāh is followed by ke (oblique marker) and ant is followed by tak (until).
- Meeting update: meeting mein milenge. (मीटिंग में मिलेंगे।, We will meet in the meeting.)
- meeting (मीटिंग) is feminine, no visible oblique change in singular.
4. Cultural Insight:
The use of ke pās (के पास) for possession (mere pās kitāb hai, मेरे पास किताब है,
I have a book,literally
a book is near me) highlights a conceptual difference. Unlike English
to have (which implies active possession), Hindi often expresses possession as something being *located near* or *with* a person. This is not just a grammatical construction but reflects a philosophical nuance in how ownership or availability is perceived.
Quick FAQ
-ā, they will inflect to -e before a postposition. For example, if your friend's name is Rāmā (रामा), and you are giving something to Rāmā, it would be rāme ko (रामे को). However, for proper nouns ending in other sounds (e.g., mohan मोहन, sītā सीता, london लंदन), there is no visible change in the singular form when in the oblique case, similar to common nouns.dost (दोस्त, friend)?dost (दोस्त) remains dost even before a postposition: dost ko (दोस्त को, to the friend), dost se (दोस्त से, from the friend). The oblique change is 'hidden' or null for these nouns in the singular.-on (ओं) ending: doston ko (दोस्तों को, to the friends).mujhe the same as mujh ko? And are there others?mujhe (मुझे) is a contracted form of mujh ko (मुझ को). They are grammatically equivalent, but mujhe is almost universally preferred in spoken Hindi due to its fluidity and brevity. You'll hear mujhe far more often. Similar contractions exist for other pronouns:tujh ko(तुझ को) →tujhe(तुझे)tumh ko(तुम्ह को) →tumhen(तुम्हें)ham ko(हम को) →hamen(हमें)in ko(इन को) →inhen(इन्हें)un ko(उन को) →unhen(उन्हें)
the big red car) is followed by a postposition, the oblique case applies to the head noun and any inflecting adjectives that directly precede it. For example,
baḍā lāl kār (बड़ा लाल कार, big red car). If we say in the big red car,it becomes
baḍī lāl kār mein (बड़ी लाल कार में).kār is feminine (no visible oblique change), and baḍā (बड़ा, big) is an inflecting adjective that agrees with kār (कार) in its direct case, but in this specific instance it takes its feminine form (baḍī) to agree with kār as kār itself does not inflect visibly in the oblique. *Correction: This example with adjectives needs careful re-evaluation for clarity.* Let's use a clear example where the adjective *does* inflect to e. acchā ladkā (अच्छा लड़का, good boy).acche ladke ko (अच्छे लड़के को, to the good boy). Both acchā changes to acche and ladkā changes to ladke.ko or se?ko milnā (को मिलना, to meet/to get) requires the preceding noun or pronoun to be in the oblique with ko. mujhe ek kitāb milī (मुझे एक किताब मिली, I got a book, literally to me a book was met).
se pūchnā (से पूछना, to ask from) expects the person being asked to be marked with se: maine us se pūchhā (मैंने उस से पूछा, I asked him/her, literally I asked from him/her). These are examples where the verb dictates the required postposition and thus the oblique case, rather than just the relational meaning of the postposition itself.
tū (तू, intimate singular), tum (तुम, informal singular/plural), and āp (आप, formal singular/plural). Their respective oblique forms are tujh (तुझ), tumh (तुम्ह), and āp (आप).āp (आप) does not change morphologically in the oblique case, tū and tum have distinct oblique forms that must be used. This reinforces the register and relationship you are conveying in your communication.donon (दोनों, both), tīnon (तीनों, all three), chāron (चारों, all four) will take the -on (ओं) ending when followed by a postposition, if they are not already in that form. For example, donon logon se (दोनों लोगों से, from both people) or tīnon kitābon mein (तीनों किताबों में, in all three books).Oblique Case Transformation
| Noun Type | Direct Form | Oblique Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masc. -a
|
Kamra
|
Kamre
|
Kamre mein
|
|
Masc. Other
|
Ghar
|
Ghar
|
Ghar mein
|
|
Fem. Singular
|
Kitaab
|
Kitaab
|
Kitaab mein
|
|
Plural
|
Ladke
|
Ladkon
|
Ladkon se
|
|
Fem. Plural
|
Baatein
|
Baaton
|
Baaton mein
|
|
Pronoun
|
Main
|
Mujh
|
Mujhse
|
Meanings
Postpositions are particles that indicate the relationship of a noun to other parts of the sentence. When these are added, the noun must shift into the 'oblique case'.
Possession (ka/ke/ki)
Indicates ownership or relationship.
“राम का घर (Ram ka ghar)”
“मेरी किताब (Meri kitaab)”
Location (mein/par)
Indicates position or containment.
“मेज पर (Mez par)”
“शहर में (Shahar mein)”
Instrument/Source (se)
Indicates means, source, or separation.
“कलम से (Kalam se)”
“दिल्ली से (Delhi se)”
Reference Table
| 基础词 | 带后置词形式 | 含义 | 规则 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kamra (房间)
|
Kamre mein
|
在房间里
|
-aa → -e
|
|
Ladke (男孩们)
|
Ladkon se
|
从男孩们那里
|
复数 -e → -on
|
|
Main (我)
|
Mujh par
|
在我身上
|
代词不规则变格
|
|
Yeh (这个/他)
|
Is ka
|
他的/它的
|
Yeh → Is
|
|
Kaun (谁)
|
Kis ke saath
|
和谁一起
|
Kaun → Kis
|
|
Ghar (家)
|
Ghar par
|
在家
|
辅音结尾 = 无变化
|
正式程度
कक्ष में (Kaksh mein) (General location)
कमरे में (Kamre mein) (General location)
कमरे में (Kamre mein) (General location)
कमरे में (Kamre mein) (General location)
按水平分级的例句
घर में
In the house
राम का भाई
Ram's brother
किताब मेज पर है
The book is on the table
बस से
By bus
कमरे में
In the room
लड़के का नाम
The boy's name
बच्चों के लिए
For the children
दिल्ली से
From Delhi
मेरे दोस्त के घर में
In my friend's house
अच्छे खाने के साथ
With good food
बड़ी गाड़ियों में
In big cars
उसकी बात से
From his talk
इस समस्या के बारे में
About this problem
पुराने मकानों के पीछे
Behind the old houses
शिक्षक के द्वारा
By the teacher
मेरे भाई के लिए
For my brother
सरकार के निर्णय के अनुसार
According to the government's decision
उसकी मेहनत के बावजूद
Despite his hard work
शहर के चारों ओर
All around the city
मेरे मित्र के साथ
With my friend
संविधान के अंतर्गत
Under the constitution
परंपराओं के विपरीत
Contrary to traditions
समय के साथ-साथ
Along with time
उसकी दृष्टि से
From his perspective
容易混淆
Learners mix up agreement.
Both mean location.
Both involve people.
常见错误
Kamra mein
Kamre mein
Ladka ka
Ladke ka
Ghar mein
Ghar mein
Kitaab mein
Kitaab mein
Ladkas se
Ladkon se
Mez mein
Mez par
Mujh ka
Mera
Bade gharon mein
Bade gharon mein
Uska saath
Uske saath
Sab log ke
Sab logon ke
Niyam ke anusar
Niyam ke anusar
Vipaksh ke viruddh
Vipaksh ke viruddh
Sarkar ke dwara
Sarkar ke dwara
Samay ke sath
Samay ke saath
句型
मैं ___ में हूँ।
यह ___ का घर है।
मैं ___ के साथ आया हूँ।
___ के बारे में क्या ख्याल है?
Real World Usage
Tum kahan ho? Main ghar mein hoon.
Paneer ke saath roti dijiye.
Main is company ke liye kaam karna chahta hoon.
Main bus se ja raha hoon.
Mere dost ke saath photo.
Niyam ke anusar...
鼻音的暗示
Ladkon se pucho.别被英语思维带跑
Main Delhi mein rehta hoon.
尊敬的复数
Papa ke liye chai lao.
口语缩写规则
Mujhe batayein.Smart Tips
Pause and check the noun ending.
Always add -on.
Look at the word AFTER the postposition.
Use the full oblique forms.
发音
Oblique -e
The -e ending is pronounced like the 'e' in 'bed'.
Question
Kamre mein? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of the oblique case as a 'suit' the noun wears to meet the postposition.
视觉联想
Imagine a boy (ladka) putting on a hat (the postposition). As he puts on the hat, his shirt changes color from -a to -e.
Rhyme
When the postposition comes to play, change the -a to an -e today!
Story
The noun 'Kamra' was happy being 'a'. But when 'mein' arrived, 'Kamra' had to change into 'Kamre' to fit in. Now they are best friends forever.
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences using different postpositions (mein, se, par, ke saath, ke liye) in 5 minutes.
文化笔记
The oblique case is strictly followed in formal Hindi, but in colloquial speech, it is sometimes elided.
Hindi postpositions evolved from Sanskrit case endings that became independent particles.
对话开场白
आप किस कमरे में हैं?
आप किसके साथ आए हैं?
आप किस शहर से हैं?
इस समस्या के बारे में आप क्या सोचते हैं?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
(Larka) ___ ko paani do.
选择正确的句子：
Find and fix the mistake:
Yeh ka phone baj raha hai.
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesMain ___ (kamra) mein hoon.
Kitaab mez ___ hai.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ladka ka naam Ram hai.
Ladke ke saath (plural).
Match: 1. Mein, 2. Se, 3. Par, 4. Ka
A: Tum kahan ho? B: Main ___ (ghar) mein hoon.
hai / mein / kamre / main
Feminine nouns change in the singular oblique.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesLaptop table ___ hai.
Ladke ko bulao (叫那些男孩们).
选择正确的短语：
___ mein kya hai? (那里面有什么？)
匹配对应项：
Rahul 的车
Main kamra mein hoon.
___ batao. (告诉我。)
Dukaan (商店) + se (从)
排列单词：
选择正确的复数变格：
___ mat chuuna. (别碰这个。)
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
It's the oblique case rule for masculine nouns ending in -a.
No, only those that end in -a or plural nouns.
Use 'ka' for masculine singular, 'ke' for masculine plural or oblique.
Yes, it is the standard postposition for containment.
They don't change in the singular, but they do in the plural.
Only in very casual speech, but it's better to use it for accuracy.
Write sentences using different nouns and postpositions.
Some nouns are irregular, but the -a to -e rule covers most.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Prepositions (en, de, con)
Word order.
Prepositions (dans, de, avec)
Noun inflection.
Prepositions (in, von, mit)
Case system complexity.
Particles (ni, no, to)
Japanese particles don't change the noun.
Prepositions (fi, min, ma'a)
Word order.
Prepositions (zai, de, gen)
Word order.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
复合后置词 (Ke Saath, Ke Liye)
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，当你从初级迈向B2中高级阶段时，会发现仅仅依靠简单的后置词（Postpositions）如 `mein`（...
表达方向：朝着 (की तरफ)
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，表达“朝向”、“往……方向”是一个非常高频的需求。在中文里，我们通常使用“往”、“向”、“朝”这...
表达目的：如何在印地语中使用“为了”和“去”（-ne ke liye）
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，表达“目的”是一个非常关键的环节。在中文里，我们表达目的非常直接，比如“我为了学习去图...
印地语后置词 को (ko)：给、向、被
Overview 有没有觉得你的印地语句子总是飘忽不定，缺乏联系？你有主语，有动词，但谁对谁做了什么？这时候 `ko` (`को`) 就派上用...
印地语后置词 'Mein' (在...里)
### Overview 你好！欢迎来到印地语学习的世界。作为你的老师，我非常理解你作为中文母语者的感受。印地语的语法逻辑和中文有很...
