At the A1 level, the most important thing to know is that à l'heure means 'on time.' It is a basic phrase used to talk about your daily routine. You will mostly use it with the verb être (to be). For example, 'Je suis à l'heure.' This is one of the first expressions you learn when talking about schedules, clocks, and meetings. At this stage, don't worry about complex grammar. Just remember that 'à' + 'l'heure' stays the same. You can use it to talk about school, work, or meeting a friend at a café. It is the opposite of en retard (late). If you are learning how to tell time, à l'heure is the goal! For example, if the teacher says the class starts at 9:00, and you arrive at 9:00, you are à l'heure. It's a very useful phrase for surviving your first few weeks in a French-speaking country, especially when dealing with buses and trains. You will see it on signs at the train station. If you see 'à l'heure' next to your train number, you should be happy because it means the train is not late. Focus on the pronunciation: the 'à' and 'l'heure' flow together. Practice saying 'Je suis à l'heure' until it feels natural. This simple phrase will help you sound more polite and organized in French.

As an A2 learner, you are beginning to use more verbs and describe more complex situations. You can now use à l'heure with verbs like arriver (to arrive) and partir (to leave). For instance, 'Le bus arrive à l'heure.' You can also start using it in the past tense to describe your day: 'Hier, je suis arrivé à l'heure au travail.' At this level, you should also understand the difference between being à l'heure, en avance (early), and en retard (late). These three expressions are essential for describing travel and appointments. You might also encounter the phrase in questions, such as 'Est-ce que le train est à l'heure ?' This is a very practical question to ask at a station or an airport. You are also learning that à l'heure is invariable; it doesn't change if you are talking about yourself, a group of people, or an object like a clock. For example, 'Mes amis sont à l'heure.' This consistency makes it easier to use in conversation. You should also be aware of the phrase pile à l'heure, which means 'exactly on time.' Adding 'pile' is a great way to sound more like a native speaker. At A2, you are building the foundation to describe punctuality in various everyday contexts, from doctor's appointments to meeting colleagues for lunch.

At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the nuances of à l'heure in professional and social contexts. You should be able to use it to discuss the importance of punctuality in different cultures. For example, you might explain that in France, being à l'heure for a business meeting is crucial, while for a party at a friend's house, a small delay might be acceptable. You will also start to distinguish à l'heure from à temps. Remember: à l'heure refers to a specific clock time, whereas à temps means 'in time' to prevent something or before a deadline. This distinction is a key marker of a B1 learner. You can also use à l'heure in more complex sentence structures, including conditional and subjunctive moods. For example, 'Il est important que vous soyez à l'heure' (It is important that you be on time). You might also encounter the phrase in more abstract ways, such as 'être à l'heure de...' meaning to be in step with something, like 'être à l'heure de la technologie' (to be up to date with technology), though this is more advanced. Your goal at B1 is to use à l'heure naturally in both spoken and written French, demonstrating that you understand not just the words, but the cultural expectations of time management. You should also be comfortable using synonyms like ponctuel to describe people's habits.

B2 learners should have a firm grasp of à l'heure and be able to use it in more formal and idiomatic ways. You should be aware of how the phrase appears in literature and media. For example, you might analyze a news report about public transport delays where the phrase respecter l'horaire is used alongside être à l'heure. You can also use the phrase to talk about social norms and the 'quart d'heure de politesse' in a more sophisticated way, discussing the social implications of being pile à l'heure versus slightly late. In professional writing, you might use expressions like 'veiller à être à l'heure' (to ensure one is on time). You should also be able to handle the confusion between à l'heure and tout à l'heure effortlessly. At this level, you can also explore the technical uses of the phrase, such as 'payé à l'heure' (paid by the hour) or 'tarif à l'heure' (hourly rate), and understand how the context shifts the meaning from punctuality to duration. Your vocabulary should also include more formal alternatives like à l'heure dite (at the appointed time). B2 learners should be able to debate the importance of punctuality and use à l'heure as a starting point for deeper cultural comparisons. You are moving beyond simple descriptions toward a more analytical use of the language.

At the C1 level, you are refining your use of à l'heure to achieve a near-native level of precision. You understand that while à l'heure is common, using terms like ponctualité (punctuality) or exactitude (exactness) can add a higher register to your speech or writing. You are familiar with the idiomatic uses of the word 'heure' in general and how à l'heure fits into the broader linguistic landscape. For example, you might use the phrase in a rhetorical sense or within a complex narrative. 'Malgré les aléas de la vie, il a toujours su être à l'heure pour les grands rendez-vous de l'histoire.' You should also be sensitive to the regional variations in the perception of what being à l'heure actually means—comparing, for instance, the strictness of Swiss punctuality with the more relaxed 'heure antillaise' in the French Caribbean. At C1, you can also use the phrase in professional contexts to discuss 'just-in-time' manufacturing (production à l'heure juste) or other specialized fields. You should be able to use the phrase to express irony or humor, such as 'Ah, tu es enfin à l'heure !' when someone is actually late. Your mastery of à l'heure is now complete, allowing you to use it with confidence in any social, professional, or academic setting.

As a C2 learner, you possess a total mastery of à l'heure and its socio-cultural connotations. You can use the phrase to engage in high-level discussions about the philosophy of time, the history of the industrial revolution and its impact on 'l'heure exacte,' and the evolution of the French language. You are aware of the etymological roots of the phrase and how it has evolved from the Latin 'ad horam.' You can use à l'heure in creative writing with stylistic flair, perhaps playing on the literal and figurative meanings of 'hour.' You understand the most subtle distinctions between à l'heure, au moment opportun, and en temps utile. In a professional capacity, you could lead a seminar on time management in French, using à l'heure as a fundamental concept while exploring its implications for productivity and workplace morale. You are also capable of identifying and correcting the most subtle errors made by others, and you can adapt your use of the phrase perfectly to any audience, from a child to a high-ranking official. For a C2 speaker, à l'heure is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile tool used to navigate the complexities of Francophone life with absolute precision and cultural fluency.

The French expression à l'heure is a fundamental pillar of French daily life and professional etiquette. At its core, it translates to 'on time' or 'punctual' in English. However, its usage extends beyond a simple translation, touching upon the very fabric of how time is perceived and managed in Francophone cultures. When you say someone is à l'heure, you are indicating that they have arrived exactly at the scheduled moment, neither early nor late. This phrase is composed of the preposition 'à' (at), the definite article 'l'' (the), and the noun 'heure' (hour/time). Together, they form an adverbial phrase that functions as a predicative adjective in many contexts.

Literal Meaning
At the hour. This signifies precision and adherence to a specific point on the clock.

In a professional setting, being à l'heure is not just a suggestion; it is a strict requirement. Whether it is a job interview, a board meeting, or the start of a shift, French professional culture values the reliability that this phrase represents. If a train is described as being à l'heure, it means the SNCF (the French national railway) is operating according to the published schedule, which is a point of significant national pride and occasional frustration. Unlike the English 'on time,' which can sometimes have a flexible buffer depending on the context, à l'heure in a formal French context usually implies the exact minute.

Le vol pour Paris est arrivé exactement à l'heure malgré la tempête.

Socially, the expectations for being à l'heure can vary. While a dinner invitation at someone's home might involve the famous 'quart d'heure de politesse' (the polite fifteen-minute delay), a movie screening or a theater performance requires you to be strictly à l'heure. If you arrive late to a play, you may be barred from entering until the intermission. Therefore, understanding the context is crucial for using this phrase correctly. It is also used to describe someone's character. A person who is consistently à l'heure is described as 'ponctuel' (punctual), but in casual conversation, you would simply say 'Il est toujours à l'heure.'

Grammatical Function
It acts as an adverbial phrase modifying a verb (arriver à l'heure) or as an adjective following the verb 'être' (être à l'heure).

Il est impératif d'être à l'heure pour le début de l'examen national.

Furthermore, the expression can be used in the plural when referring to multiple people or events, but the phrase itself remains invariable: ils sont à l'heure. You might also encounter it in technical contexts, such as 'payé à l'heure' (paid by the hour), though the meaning shifts slightly toward the duration rather than the punctuality. In this lesson, we focus primarily on the 'punctual' sense, which is the most common hurdle for English speakers transitioning from 'at the hour' to 'on time.'

Common Contexts
Transportation (trains/planes), professional meetings, medical appointments, and formal social gatherings.

Mon médecin est très strict ; si vous n'êtes pas à l'heure, il annule le rendez-vous.

To conclude, mastering à l'heure is about more than just knowing a word; it is about respecting the clock as the French do. It is a sign of respect for others' time and a marker of professional reliability. As you progress in your French studies, you will find that being à l'heure is one of the easiest ways to integrate smoothly into French society and avoid the stigma of being 'en retard' (late).

Using à l'heure in a sentence requires an understanding of its placement and the verbs it most frequently accompanies. Unlike some French adjectives that change based on gender and number, à l'heure is an adverbial phrase and is therefore invariable. Whether you are talking about a woman, a man, or a group of people, the form never changes. This makes it a relatively 'safe' expression for learners to use without worrying about complex agreement rules.

With the Verb 'Être'
This is the most common usage. It describes a state of being punctual. Example: 'Je suis à l'heure.'

When paired with the verb être, à l'heure functions as a predicate. You can use it in any tense. For example, in the future tense: 'Je serai à l'heure' (I will be on time). In the past tense: 'J'étais à l'heure' (I was on time). It is a direct way to state one's status regarding a schedule. It is also used to ask questions: 'Es-tu à l'heure ?' (Are you on time?). In more formal settings, you might hear 'Seriez-vous à l'heure ?' (Would you be on time?), often used when setting up a meeting.

Nous devons être à l'heure pour ne pas manquer le début du film.

Another frequent partner for à l'heure is the verb arriver (to arrive). This describes the action of reaching a destination at the correct time. 'Le train arrive à l'heure' is a sentence you will hear frequently in French train stations. Interestingly, while English speakers might say 'The train is running on time,' the French prefer 'Le train est à l'heure' or 'Le train circule à l'heure.' The verb arriver emphasizes the completion of the journey at the designated moment.

With the Verb 'Commencer'
Used to indicate that an event starts exactly when scheduled. Example: 'La réunion commence à l'heure.'

Si tout le monde est là, nous pourrons commencer la conférence exactement à l'heure.

You can also modify à l'heure with adverbs to add precision. 'Pile à l'heure' means 'exactly on time' or 'on the dot.' 'Toujours à l'heure' means 'always on time.' Conversely, if you want to say someone is rarely on time, you would say 'Il n'est jamais à l'heure.' Note that in negative sentences, the structure remains simple: [Subject] + [ne] + [verb] + [pas] + [à l'heure]. For example: 'Elle n'est pas à l'heure' (She is not on time).

Inverted Structure
In formal writing or journalism, you might see it at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis: 'À l'heure prévue, le président est entré dans la salle.'

Malgré les embouteillages, j'ai réussi à arriver à l'heure pour mon entretien.

Finally, consider the difference between à l'heure and à temps. While à l'heure means 'on time' (punctual to a specific clock time), à temps means 'in time' (before it's too late). If you arrive à l'heure for a meeting at 9:00, you are there at 9:00. If you arrive à temps to save a cake from burning, you got there before the disaster happened. This distinction is vital for clear communication in French.

In France and other French-speaking countries, the phrase à l'heure is ubiquitous, echoing through train stations, office hallways, and classrooms. Perhaps the most iconic place to hear this is at a 'gare' (train station). The electronic boards often display the status of trains, and the most coveted word next to your destination is à l'heure. When the overhead announcement system chimes in, the voice will often confirm: 'Le TGV numéro 4502 est annoncé à l'heure.' For travelers, this phrase is the ultimate relief, signaling a smooth journey without delays.

Public Transportation
Used constantly on displays and in announcements to indicate that buses, trains, and planes are following the schedule.

In the workplace, à l'heure is a standard of professionalism. A manager might say to their team, 'Il est important que tout le monde soit à l'heure pour le 'briefing' du matin.' In French business culture, being late to a meeting is often seen as a sign of disorganization or a lack of respect for the hierarchy. Therefore, you will hear colleagues reminding each other to be à l'heure. It's also a common topic of conversation during coffee breaks, where people might complain about a colleague who is 'jamais à l'heure' (never on time).

À la radio, l'animateur a annoncé que le concert commencerait exactement à l'heure prévue.

Schools are another environment where this phrase is central. Teachers in France are generally quite strict about punctuality. If a student is not à l'heure, they may have to go to the 'vie scolaire' (school office) to get a 'billet de retard' (late slip). You will hear teachers saying, 'Entrez vite, le cours commence à l'heure !' This early socialization reinforces the importance of the concept throughout a French person's life. In higher education, the 'quart d'heure académique' (the academic fifteen minutes) sometimes exists, where a professor might be expected to arrive slightly late, but for students, the rule remains: be à l'heure.

Media and News
News anchors use it when discussing the launch of satellites, the start of elections, or the arrival of foreign dignitaries.

Le journal télévisé de vingt heures commence toujours pile à l'heure.

In casual social settings, you'll hear it used with a bit more flexibility. If you are meeting friends at a café, someone might text 'Je suis à l'heure !' to let the others know they have arrived. If someone is notoriously late, their friends might jokingly congratulate them when they finally manage to be à l'heure. It's also used in the context of television programming: 'Le film passe à l'heure' (The movie is airing on schedule). Overall, whether in a formal or informal setting, à l'heure is the standard benchmark for time management in the French-speaking world.

For English speakers, the expression à l'heure presents several 'faux amis' (false friends) and grammatical traps. The most common error is the literal translation of 'on time' as sur le temps or sur l'heure. These are incorrect in French. The preposition à is mandatory here. Another frequent mistake is confused usage with en temps. While en temps (or more correctly à temps) means 'in time' (before it's too late), à l'heure is strictly about the clock. If you say 'Je suis arrivé à temps pour le train,' it means you caught it just before it left. If you say 'Je suis arrivé à l'heure pour le train,' it means you arrived at the scheduled time of departure.

Mistake: Using 'Sur'
Incorrect: 'Je suis sur l'heure.' Correct: 'Je suis à l'heure.'

Another subtle mistake involves the plural. English speakers often want to say 'at the hours' if they are talking about multiple events, but in French, à l'heure is a fixed locution. You should never say aux heures to mean 'on time.' Even if you are saying 'All the trains are on time,' the French is 'Tous les trains sont à l'heure.' The noun 'heure' remains singular because the phrase refers to the concept of 'the scheduled hour' rather than a count of hours. This is a common point of confusion for students at the B1 level who are just learning about fixed adverbial phrases.

Attention : Ne dites pas 'Ils sont à les heures', mais 'Ils sont à l'heure'.

There is also the confusion between à l'heure and tout à l'heure. This is a major trap! While à l'heure means 'on time,' tout à l'heure means 'a little while ago' (past) or 'in a little while' (future). Imagine the confusion if you tell your boss 'Je serai tout à l'heure' (I will be in a little while) instead of 'Je serai à l'heure' (I will be on time). One implies you are late, the other implies you are punctual. Always double-check if you've added that 'tout' before the phrase, as it completely changes the temporal meaning.

Mistake: Confusing with 'À temps'
Remember: 'À l'heure' = Punctual. 'À temps' = In time/Before the deadline.

Faux : 'Le gâteau est cuit à l'heure.' Vrai : 'Le gâteau est cuit à temps pour la fête.'

Finally, be careful with the verb être. In English, we can say 'I am on time.' In French, we say 'Je suis à l'heure.' However, if you want to say 'I have time,' it's 'J'ai le temps.' Some learners mix up 'être' and 'avoir' in this context. If you say 'J'ai l'heure,' it means 'I have the time' (as in, I know what time it is because I have a watch). It does not mean you are on time. To express punctuality, you must use the verb être or a verb of motion like arriver.

To enrich your French vocabulary, it is helpful to know synonyms and related terms for à l'heure. While à l'heure is the most common and versatile phrase, other words can offer more precision or a different 'register' (formality level). The most direct adjective synonym is ponctuel (for a man) or ponctuelle (for a woman). While à l'heure describes the state at a specific moment, ponctuel describes a personality trait or a consistent habit. You would say 'Il est toujours à l'heure' or 'C'est un homme très ponctuel.'

Synonym: Ponctuel(le)
An adjective used to describe a person who is habitually on time. Example: 'Une employée ponctuelle est appréciée.'

For added emphasis, you can use the expression pile à l'heure. The word 'pile' here acts like 'on the dot' or 'sharp' in English. It suggests that the arrival was exactly at the scheduled second, not a moment before or after. In a similar vein, précis or exact can be used, though they are more common in written French or formal announcements: 'La cérémonie débutera à quatorze heures précises.' This leaves no room for the 'quart d'heure de politesse.'

Il est arrivé pile à l'heure pour le début du match.

If you want to talk about being early, the phrase is en avance. This is the opposite of en retard (late). If you arrive at 8:45 for a 9:00 meeting, you are en avance. If you arrive at 9:00, you are à l'heure. If you arrive at 9:15, you are en retard. These three phrases form the trinity of French time-management vocabulary. Interestingly, in some contexts, being en avance is seen as just as professional as being à l'heure, but in social contexts, being too early can sometimes be seen as an inconvenience to the host.

Comparison: À l'heure vs. À temps
'À l'heure' is about the clock (9:00 AM). 'À temps' is about the deadline or the window of opportunity.

Le projet a été rendu dans les temps, juste avant la date limite.

In very formal or literary French, you might encounter à l'heure dite. This means 'at the appointed time' or 'at the hour previously mentioned.' It adds a layer of narrative precision. For example: 'À l'heure dite, les cloches de l'église commencèrent à sonner.' This is less common in daily speech but very frequent in novels. By understanding these variations, you can tailor your French to the specific situation, whether you're catching a bus, meeting a friend, or writing a formal report.

Examples by Level

1

Je suis à l'heure.

I am on time.

Uses the verb 'être' in the present tense.

2

Le train est à l'heure.

The train is on time.

'Le train' is the subject.

3

Tu es à l'heure ?

Are you on time?

A simple question using intonation.

4

Elle arrive à l'heure.

She arrives on time.

Uses the verb 'arriver'.

5

Nous sommes à l'heure pour le café.

We are on time for the coffee.

Plural subject, but 'à l'heure' remains singular.

6

L'école commence à l'heure.

School starts on time.

Uses the verb 'commencer'.

7

Il n'est pas à l'heure.

He is not on time.

Negative construction with 'ne...pas'.

8

Soyez à l'heure !

Be on time!

Imperative mood (command).

1

Le bus numéro 10 est toujours à l'heure.

Bus number 10 is always on time.

Use of the adverb 'toujours'.

2

J'espère que vous serez à l'heure demain.

I hope you will be on time tomorrow.

Future tense 'serez'.

3

Ils sont arrivés à l'heure pour le film.

They arrived on time for the movie.

Passé composé with 'être'.

4

Mon rendez-vous chez le dentiste est à l'heure.

My dentist appointment is on time.

Noun phrase 'mon rendez-vous'.

5

Est-ce que l'avion est à l'heure ?

Is the plane on time?

Question with 'Est-ce que'.

6

Nous ne sommes jamais à l'heure le lundi.

We are never on time on Mondays.

Negative 'ne...jamais'.

7

Le magasin ouvre pile à l'heure.

The store opens exactly on time.

Use of 'pile' for emphasis.

8

Elle veut être à l'heure pour son entretien.

She wants to be on time for her interview.

Infinitive 'être' after 'veut'.

1

Si le train n'est pas à l'heure, je raterai ma correspondance.

If the train is not on time, I will miss my connection.

First conditional (si + present, future).

2

Il est primordial d'être à l'heure dans cette entreprise.

It is essential to be on time in this company.

Impersonal expression 'Il est primordial de'.

3

Bien qu'il y ait des travaux, le bus est resté à l'heure.

Even though there is construction, the bus stayed on time.

Conjunction 'bien que' + subjunctive.

4

Je préfère arriver un peu en avance qu'être juste à l'heure.

I prefer to arrive a bit early than to be just on time.

Comparison between 'en avance' and 'à l'heure'.

5

La conférence a commencé à l'heure malgré l'absence du maire.

The conference started on time despite the mayor's absence.

Prepositional phrase 'malgré'.

6

Il m'a demandé de veiller à ce que tout le monde soit à l'heure.

He asked me to ensure that everyone is on time.

Subjunctive 'soit' after 'veiller à ce que'.

7

Les livraisons sont rarement à l'heure dans ce quartier.

Deliveries are rarely on time in this neighborhood.

Adverb 'rarement'.

8

Pourriez-vous être à l'heure pour la signature du contrat ?

Could you be on time for the signing of the contract?

Conditional 'pourriez-vous' for politeness.

1

La ponctualité n'est pas son fort ; il n'est jamais à l'heure.

Punctuality isn't his strong suit; he's never on time.

Use of noun 'ponctualité' and 'à l'heure'.

2

Le succès d'un projet dépend souvent de la capacité de l'équipe à être à l'heure.

The success of a project often depends on the team's ability to be on time.

Noun phrase 'capacité à être'.

3

À l'heure où je vous parle, les secours sont déjà sur place.

As I speak to you, the emergency services are already on site.

Fixed expression 'À l'heure où'.

4

Il s'est excusé de ne pas avoir pu être à l'heure à cause de la grève.

He apologized for not being able to be on time because of the strike.

Past infinitive 'ne pas avoir pu être'.

5

Le respect des délais implique d'être à l'heure à chaque étape.

Respecting deadlines implies being on time at every stage.

Gerund-like use of 'être à l'heure'.

6

Même si vous êtes pressé, essayez d'être à l'heure.

Even if you are in a hurry, try to be on time.

Conjunction 'même si'.

7

Il est rare que les vols transatlantiques arrivent exactement à l'heure.

It is rare for transatlantic flights to arrive exactly on time.

Subjunctive 'arrivent' after 'Il est rare que'.

8

Elle a toujours mis un point d'honneur à être à l'heure.

She has always made it a point of honor to be on time.

Idiom 'mettre un point d'honneur à'.

1

Dans une société dominée par l'instantanéité, être à l'heure devient un défi quotidien.

In a society dominated by instantaneity, being on time becomes a daily challenge.

Abstract usage in a sociological context.

2

L'horloge de la gare, bien que centenaire, est toujours parfaitement à l'heure.

The station clock, although a century old, is still perfectly on time.

Parenthetical clause 'bien que centenaire'.

3

Il convient de souligner l'importance d'être à l'heure lors de protocoles diplomatiques.

It is worth highlighting the importance of being on time during diplomatic protocols.

Formal expression 'Il convient de'.

4

À l'heure dite, le rideau se leva, dévoilant un décor somptueux.

At the appointed time, the curtain rose, revealing a sumptuous set.

Literary phrase 'À l'heure dite'.

5

Le candidat a su se montrer à l'heure de son destin lors du grand débat.

The candidate was able to show himself ready for his destiny during the great debate.

Figurative use of 'à l'heure de'.

6

S'assurer que les trains sont à l'heure est une priorité politique majeure.

Ensuring that trains are on time is a major political priority.

Infinitive subject 'S'assurer'.

7

Il est fâcheux que vous n'ayez pas pu être à l'heure pour cette réunion cruciale.

It is unfortunate that you could not be on time for this crucial meeting.

Subjunctive past 'n'ayez pas pu être'.

8

L'entreprise doit être à l'heure de la transition écologique pour survivre.

The company must be in step with the ecological transition to survive.

Metaphorical use of 'à l'heure de'.

1

La notion d'être à l'heure varie intrinsèquement selon les paradigmes culturels que l'on étudie.

The notion of being on time varies intrinsically according to the cultural paradigms one studies.

Complex academic structure.

2

Être à l'heure n'est pas seulement une contrainte temporelle, c'est une marque de respect ontologique.

Being on time is not just a temporal constraint, it is a mark of ontological respect.

Philosophical usage.

3

L'administration s'efforce de faire en sorte que chaque service soit à l'heure des attentes citoyennes.

The administration strives to ensure that every service is in line with citizen expectations.

Subjunctive 'soit' after 'faire en sorte que'.

4

À l'heure des bilans, il apparaît que la ponctualité a été le facteur clé du succès.

When it comes time for the final assessment, it appears that punctuality was the key factor for success.

Fixed expression 'À l'heure de' (at the time of).

5

Sous l'Ancien Régime, être à l'heure du Roi était une exigence de la cour.

Under the Ancien Régime, being on the King's time was a requirement of the court.

Historical context.

6

Il serait illusoire de croire que tout puisse être à l'heure dans un système aussi complexe.

It would be illusory to believe that everything could be on time in such a complex system.

Conditional 'serait' and subjunctive 'puisse'.

7

L'artiste a toujours refusé d'être à l'heure des modes passagères, préférant l'intemporel.

The artist always refused to be in step with fleeting fashions, preferring the timeless.

Metaphorical contrast.

8

L'exigence d'être à l'heure s'est intensifiée avec l'avènement de la révolution industrielle.

The requirement to be on time intensified with the advent of the industrial revolution.

Passive-reflexive 's'est intensifiée'.

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