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B1 noun 11 min read

chaîne d'approvisionnement

Examples
Explanation chaîne d'approvisionnement in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is a very advanced and difficult phrase. However, you can understand it by thinking about how things come to you. Imagine you want to buy an apple. The apple doesn't just appear in the shop. First, a farmer grows the apple. Then, a person puts the apple in a box. Next, a big truck takes the box to a warehouse. Finally, another truck takes the apple to your local supermarket. This whole journey—from the farm to the truck to the shop—is called the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement'. You can think of it as a 'big line of work' to bring products to people. At this level, you don't need to use the word in every sentence, but if you hear it on the news, remember it means 'how products move'. It is like a long chain where every person helps the product get to the next person. Without this chain, the shops would be empty. In French, 'chaîne' means chain, and 'approvisionnement' is a long word for 'getting supplies'. You can practice saying 'la chaîne' first, then 'approvisionnement'. Even if you cannot say the whole word perfectly, knowing that it is about trucks and shops is a great start. In simple French, you might say: 'Le camion apporte la nourriture au magasin.' The 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is the system that makes that happen. It is a feminine word, so we say 'la'. It is a formal word used by adults and people on TV. If you are learning French for travel, you might not use it, but if you are learning for work, it is a very important concept to understand early on. Just remember: Farm -> Truck -> Shop = Chaîne d'approvisionnement.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about work and the world around you. 'Chaîne d'approvisionnement' is a useful term to describe why certain things are happening in the economy. For example, if you order something online and it is late, there might be a problem in the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement'. You can understand this as the 'supply chain'. It involves transport, storage, and selling. You already know words like 'magasin' (shop), 'camion' (truck), and 'vendre' (to sell). This term connects all those words. A typical A2 sentence might be: 'Il y a un problème dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement, donc le magasin est vide.' (There is a problem in the supply chain, so the shop is empty). You should notice that 'approvisionnement' starts with a vowel, so we use 'd'' instead of 'de'. It is 'la chaîne d'approvisionnement'. It is a long word, but you can break it down: ap-pro-vi-sion-ne-ment. It sounds like 'provision', which means food or supplies you keep. In your daily life, you see the supply chain every time you see a delivery driver (un livreur) or a large warehouse (un entrepôt). When you talk about your job, if you work in a factory or a shop, you are a part of this chain. Learning this word helps you transition from simple 'survival' French to 'professional' French. You can use it to explain delays or to talk about where products come from. For example: 'Cette chaîne d'approvisionnement commence en Chine.' (This supply chain starts in China). It is a key term for understanding modern business and international trade in a simple way.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' in a professional context. You are now expected to discuss more complex topics like the economy or business operations. This term is essential for describing the logistics of a company. You should understand that it's not just about transport, but also about the management of information and money between different companies. At this level, you can use verbs like 'gérer' (to manage) or 'améliorer' (to improve) with this phrase. For example: 'Notre entreprise cherche à optimiser sa chaîne d'approvisionnement pour réduire les coûts.' (Our company is looking to optimize its supply chain to reduce costs). You should also be aware of the environmental aspect. Many people now talk about 'la chaîne d'approvisionnement durable' (sustainable supply chain). This is a great topic for B1 discussions about the environment. You might explain that a long supply chain uses a lot of fuel and creates pollution. You can also use the word 'rupture' (break/shortage). 'Une rupture de la chaîne d'approvisionnement' is a very common phrase in the news today. It explains why there are no more cars to buy or why medicine is missing. You should be able to explain the steps of the chain in French: 'D'abord, on achète les matières premières, ensuite on fabrique le produit, et enfin on le distribue.' This sequence is what constitutes the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement'. This term will make your French sound much more professional and precise in a work environment. It shows that you understand the systemic nature of modern business.
At the B2 level, you are expected to handle the term 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' with nuance and technical accuracy. You should understand the difference between 'logistique' and 'chaîne d'approvisionnement'. While logistics focuses on the movement of goods, the supply chain is the broader strategic system. You should be able to discuss 'la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement' (Supply Chain Management) as a critical business function. At this level, you can use more advanced vocabulary to describe the chain's state, such as 'résiliente' (resilient), 'mondialisée' (globalized), or 'fragmentée' (fragmented). You can participate in debates about 'la relocalisation des chaînes d'approvisionnement'—the idea of moving production back to Europe or France to avoid dependence on other countries. This is a very popular topic in French media and politics. You should also be comfortable using the terms 'en amont' (upstream) and 'en aval' (downstream). For example: 'Les tensions en amont de la chaîne d'approvisionnement affectent les prix pour le consommateur final.' (Upstream tensions in the supply chain affect prices for the final consumer). You can also talk about the 'effet coup de fouet' (the bullwhip effect), where small changes in consumer demand cause big fluctuations further up the chain. Your ability to use this term correctly in a variety of contexts—economic, environmental, and strategic—demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence. You should also be careful with the spelling, ensuring the double 'p' and double 'n' are always present in your writing. This term is a cornerstone of professional French at the B2 level.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' should be sophisticated and integrated into complex arguments about macroeconomics, corporate strategy, or social ethics. You should be able to analyze the 'vulnérabilité des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales' in the face of geopolitical shifts or climate change. At this level, you don't just use the term; you analyze its components. You might discuss 'l'intégration verticale' versus 'l'externalisation' within the supply chain. You should be familiar with the concept of 'la traçabilité dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement' (traceability), which is crucial for ethical and luxury industries in France. For instance, you could write a report on how blockchain technology can 'fluidifier et sécuriser la chaîne d'approvisionnement'. You should also be able to use the term in the context of 'l'économie circulaire', where the supply chain is no longer linear but a loop. In a C1 level discussion, you might say: 'La résilience d'une entreprise dépend désormais de sa capacité à diversifier ses maillons au sein de sa chaîne d'approvisionnement.' This use of 'maillons' (links) as a metaphor for suppliers or partners shows a deep linguistic and conceptual grasp. You should be able to read and summarize complex academic or business articles that use this term to discuss 'lean management', 'just-in-time' (flux tendu), or 'risk mitigation'. Your speech should reflect an understanding that the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is a dynamic, multi-layered system involving complex legal and financial frameworks. Mastery of this term at C1 level means using it not just as a label for transport, but as a lens through which to view global interconnectedness.
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At the C2 level, 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is a tool for high-level conceptual analysis. You should be able to discuss the term's philosophical and systemic implications, such as how the 'mondialisation des chaînes d'approvisionnement' has redefined the concept of the nation-state and economic sovereignty. You might engage in high-level academic discourse regarding 'la décarbonation profonde des chaînes d'approvisionnement' and the structural changes required in global capitalism to achieve this. Your vocabulary should include highly specialized terms like 'logistique inverse' (reverse logistics), 'intermodalité', and 'supply chain agile'. You can critique the 'fragilité intrinsèque' of just-in-time models and propose alternatives using terms like 'near-shoring' or 'friend-shoring' in a French context (relocalisation de proximité). You should be able to analyze how the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' acts as a conduit for both economic value and systemic risk. For example, a C2 speaker might argue: 'L'hyper-complexité des chaînes d'approvisionnement contemporaines crée une opacité qui occulte souvent les externalités environnementales et sociales négatives.' This level of discourse involves using the term to discuss ethics, law, and global governance. You should be perfectly comfortable switching between the singular and plural to denote abstract concepts versus specific industrial implementations. Your written work, such as a white paper or a thesis, would use this term to explore the 'synergies' and 'disruptions' that define the 21st-century economy. At C2, you have total mastery of the term, its technical synonyms, its metaphorical potential, and its place at the center of modern geopolitical and economic thought.
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Examples
The French term chaîne d'approvisionnement is a comprehensive logistical and economic concept that translates directly to 'supply chain' in English. It refers to the entire network of entities, people, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from its initial raw state to the final consumer. In the modern globalized economy, this term is no longer confined to the back offices of shipping companies; it has become a household phrase, especially following global events that highlighted the fragility of international trade. To understand this term, one must visualize a literal chain: each link represents a critical stage—sourcing raw materials, manufacturing components, assembly, warehousing, inventory management, distribution, and finally, the retail sale. If one link fails, the entire structure is compromised.
Scope
It encompasses everything from the extraction of minerals to the delivery of a smartphone to your door.
Usage Context
Commonly used in business, economics, news reporting, and industrial engineering.
Historically, the concept evolved from simple logistics—moving military supplies—to the complex, data-driven systems managed by artificial intelligence today. In French, the word approvisionnement comes from provision, emphasizing the act of providing or supplying necessary goods.

La chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale a été fortement perturbée par la fermeture des ports.

When people use this term, they are often discussing efficiency, cost-reduction, or risk management. For example, a company might seek to 'optimiser sa chaîne d'approvisionnement' to reduce waste. Conversely, a journalist might report on 'une rupture de la chaîne d'approvisionnement' when describing a shortage of medicine or food. The term also carries ethical weight today. Concepts like 'la chaîne d'approvisionnement durable' (sustainable supply chain) focus on ensuring that every link in the chain respects environmental standards and human rights. This means that when a consumer buys a product, they are interacting with the end of a long, invisible sequence of events.
Key Components
Fournisseurs (suppliers), fabricants (manufacturers), distributeurs (distributors), and clients (customers).
In summary, this term is the linguistic tool used to describe the complex choreography of modern commerce. It is used by CEOs to discuss strategy, by politicians to discuss national security, and by consumers to understand why their favorite product is out of stock.

Il est essentiel de sécuriser notre chaîne d'approvisionnement pour éviter les pénuries d'énergie cet hiver.

Beyond just business, it represents a way of thinking about the world as a series of interconnected dependencies. Understanding this term is crucial for anyone looking to work in business or follow international news in French. It reflects the shift from local production to a world where a single product might cross five borders before it is finished. This complexity requires specialized management, known as gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Using chaîne d'approvisionnement correctly requires attention to its grammatical gender and its role as a compound noun. It is a feminine noun phrase (la chaîne), and the preposition 'de' is elided to 'd'' because it precedes a word starting with a vowel (approvisionnement).
Grammatical Structure
[Article] + chaîne + d'approvisionnement. Example: Une chaîne d'approvisionnement complexe.
When building sentences, you will often find it paired with dynamic verbs that describe movement or management. Common verbs include gérer (to manage), optimiser (to optimize), perturber (to disrupt), and sécuriser (to secure). For instance, 'Le directeur logistique gère la chaîne d'approvisionnement avec précision.'

Nous devons raccourcir la chaîne d'approvisionnement pour réduire notre empreinte carbone.

Adjectives used with this term often describe its scale or its health. You might hear about a 'chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale' (global), 'tendue' (strained/lean), or 'résiliente' (resilient). In more advanced contexts, you will see it used with prepositions like 'en amont' (upstream) and 'en aval' (downstream) to describe specific parts of the process. For example, 'Les problèmes se situent en amont de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.' (The problems are located upstream in the supply chain). This indicates issues with raw materials or initial suppliers. Conversely, 'en aval' refers to distribution and the final customer.
Common Verb Pairings
Analyser, auditer, délocaliser, intégrer, fluidifier.
The term is also frequently used in the plural: 'les chaînes d'approvisionnement'. This usually refers to multiple different lines of supply within a large corporation or across different industries.

Les chaînes d'approvisionnement modernes dépendent fortement du transport maritime.

When writing professionally, ensure that 'approvisionnement' remains singular unless you are specifically referring to different types of supply acts. Usually, the 'chain' is the entity being pluralized. Another important aspect is the use of 'de la' versus 'd''. While 'la chaîne d'approvisionnement' is the standard noun, you might say 'la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement' (the management of the supply chain). Here, the 'de la' belongs to 'chaîne'.
Sentence Pattern
Sujet + Verbe + [Adjectif] + chaîne d'approvisionnement. Example: L'entreprise modernise sa chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Finally, remember that this is a formal term. In a casual conversation about why a store is out of milk, you might just say 'Il y a des problèmes de livraison' (There are delivery problems), but in a serious discussion about the economy, 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is the precise and correct choice.
You will encounter chaîne d'approvisionnement in several specific environments, primarily those involving professional, economic, or logistical discourse. One of the most common places is in the televised news or financial newspapers like 'Les Échos' or 'Le Monde'. Journalists use it to explain why prices are rising or why certain products are unavailable. For example, during a semiconductor shortage, you would hear: 'La chaîne d'approvisionnement des composants électroniques est au bord de la rupture.'

À la radio, l'expert a expliqué que la chaîne d'approvisionnement est le cœur de la mondialisation.

In the corporate world, this term is ubiquitous. If you work in a French-speaking office, particularly in manufacturing, retail, or e-commerce, you will hear it in every meeting. Managers talk about 'les défis de la chaîne d'approvisionnement' when discussing delays or budget overruns. It is the central topic of 'Supply Chain Management' (SCM) departments, which in French are often called 'le département logistique' or 'la direction de la chaîne d'approvisionnement'.
Academic Setting
In universities and business schools (Grandes Écoles), students take entire courses dedicated to this subject.
Another venue is the political arena. Governments now view the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' as a matter of national sovereignty. You will hear politicians talk about 'relocaliser la chaîne d'approvisionnement' (bringing the supply chain back to the home country) to ensure that the country is not too dependent on foreign suppliers for critical goods like masks, medicine, or energy. In the field of sustainability and ecology, activists use the term to demand transparency. They want to know every 'maillon' (link) of the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' to ensure there is no child labor or environmental destruction involved. You might see this on the back of product packaging or on corporate social responsibility (CSR/RSE) reports.
Retail Conversations
Even store managers might use it when explaining to a customer why a specific item hasn't arrived: 'C'est un souci au niveau de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.'
Lastly, in the era of e-commerce giants like Amazon or Cdiscount, the term is part of the 'tracking' experience. While the customer sees 'en cours de livraison' (out for delivery), the internal systems are managing the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' to ensure that the item is in the right warehouse at the right time.

Le rapport annuel souligne les innovations technologiques dans notre chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Hearing this word signals that the conversation has moved from a simple transaction to a systemic view of production and movement.
Despite being a standard professional term, chaîne d'approvisionnement presents several pitfalls for learners and even native speakers. The first and most common mistake is a spelling error. The word 'approvisionnement' is notoriously difficult. It requires two 'p's (from the Latin 'ad' + 'pro') and two 'n's at the end. Many people mistakenly write 'aprovisionnement' or 'approvisionement'.
Spelling Alert
Correct: a-p-p-r-o-v-i-s-i-o-n-n-e-m-e-n-t. Incorrect: any variation with single 'p' or single 'n'.
Another conceptual mistake is confusing it with 'chaîne de production' (production line). While the production line is *part* of the supply chain, it only refers to the manufacturing stage inside a factory. The 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is much broader, including the transport of raw materials *to* the factory and the delivery of finished goods *to* the customer. Using 'chaîne de production' when you mean the whole logistics network is a common error in precision.

Faux ami : Ne confondez pas chaîne d'approvisionnement avec une simple 'chaîne de magasins' (retail chain).

Gender confusion is also frequent. Because 'approvisionnement' is masculine, some learners might think the whole phrase is masculine. However, the head of the phrase is 'chaîne', which is feminine. Therefore, you must say 'la' or 'une' chaîne d'approvisionnement. If you use an adjective, it must agree with 'chaîne'. For example: 'une chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale'. A subtle mistake involves the use of the word 'logistique'. While often used interchangeably, 'logistique' is technically the set of methods and means used to organize the movement of goods, whereas the 'chaîne d'approvisionnement' is the actual sequence of organizations and processes. In a sentence like 'La logistique est bloquée', you are talking about the movement. In 'La chaîne d'approvisionnement est bloquée', you are talking about the system as a whole.
Preposition Error
People sometimes say 'chaîne pour l'approvisionnement'. This is grammatically possible but sounds unnatural. The standard compound is always with 'de' (d').
Finally, be careful with the plural. When talking about the global supply chain, we usually use the singular to refer to the abstract concept. Using the plural 'les chaînes d'approvisionnement' is correct when referring to the specific, distinct chains of different products or companies.

Erreur : 'Le chaîne d'approvisionnement' est incorrect. Correct : 'La chaîne d'approvisionnement'.

Avoiding these mistakes will make your French sound much more professional and precise.
To enrich your vocabulary, it is useful to know synonyms and related terms for chaîne d'approvisionnement. While it is the most standard term, different contexts might call for more specific alternatives.
Logistique
Focuses on the practical movement, storage, and handling of goods. It is more about the 'how' of transport.
Filière
Refers to a whole sector of industry, like 'la filière automobile'. It describes the economic structure rather than the logistical flow.
Another important term is 'la chaîne de valeur' (value chain). While the supply chain focuses on the physical movement and cost of goods, the value chain focuses on how each step adds value to the final product from a strategic perspective.

Exemple : La chaîne d'approvisionnement livre les pièces, mais la chaîne de valeur crée le design.

For distribution specifically, you might use 'circuit de distribution'. This term is limited to the path from the manufacturer to the end consumer (retailers, wholesalers, etc.). It does not include the sourcing of raw materials. If you want to talk about the act of providing goods without the 'chain' metaphor, you can simply use 'l'approvisionnement'. For example: 'L'approvisionnement en eau est crucial.' This refers to the supply itself, not the complex system behind it.
Réseau de distribution
A network of warehouses and stores. It is a more physical, spatial term than the process-oriented supply chain.
In the context of local food, you will often hear 'circuit court'. This refers to a supply chain with very few links (usually just the producer and the consumer). It is the opposite of a 'chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale'. Comparing these terms: 'Logistique' is the action, 'Filière' is the industry, 'Circuit' is the path, and 'Chaîne d'approvisionnement' is the entire system.

Pour ce projet, nous devons analyser toute la chaîne d'approvisionnement, de la mine au magasin.

Using these alternatives correctly will show a high level of nuance in your French business vocabulary. It allows you to specify whether you are talking about the economic structure, the physical path, or the strategic value addition.
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Examples by Level

1

Le lait arrive par la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

The milk arrives through the supply chain.

Simple use of 'par la' to show the path.

2

La chaîne d'approvisionnement est très longue.

The supply chain is very long.

'Longue' agrees with the feminine 'chaîne'.

3

Où est la chaîne d'approvisionnement ?

Where is the supply chain?

A basic question structure.

4

Le pain est dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

The bread is in the supply chain.

Using 'dans' to show location within the system.

5

Ma pomme vient de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

My apple comes from the supply chain.

'Vient de' shows origin.

6

La chaîne d'approvisionnement aide les magasins.

The supply chain helps the shops.

Present tense verb 'aide'.

7

C'est une petite chaîne d'approvisionnement.

It is a small supply chain.

'Petite' agrees with 'chaîne'.

8

Regarde la chaîne d'approvisionnement sur la télé.

Look at the supply chain on the TV.

Imperative form 'Regarde'.

1

Il y a un retard dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

There is a delay in the supply chain.

'Il y a' is used to state a fact.

2

Nous étudions la chaîne d'approvisionnement à l'école.

We are studying the supply chain at school.

Present tense of 'étudier'.

3

La chaîne d'approvisionnement transporte des vêtements.

The supply chain transports clothes.

The verb 'transporte' describes the function.

4

Ma voiture fait partie de cette chaîne d'approvisionnement.

My car is part of this supply chain.

'Fait partie de' means 'is part of'.

5

Pourquoi la chaîne d'approvisionnement est bloquée ?

Why is the supply chain blocked?

'Pourquoi' introduces a question about cause.

6

Le café utilise une chaîne d'approvisionnement complexe.

Coffee uses a complex supply chain.

Adjective 'complexe' follows the noun.

7

Ils travaillent dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

They work in the supply chain.

Plural subject 'Ils'.

8

Cette chaîne d'approvisionnement est très rapide.

This supply chain is very fast.

'Cette' is the feminine demonstrative adjective.

1

Nous devons optimiser notre chaîne d'approvisionnement.

We must optimize our supply chain.

Using the modal verb 'devoir' with an infinitive.

2

La rupture de la chaîne d'approvisionnement a causé des pertes.

The break in the supply chain caused losses.

Passé composé 'a causé'.

3

Une chaîne d'approvisionnement durable est notre priorité.

A sustainable supply chain is our priority.

'Durable' refers to environmental sustainability.

4

Gérer la chaîne d'approvisionnement demande beaucoup de rigueur.

Managing the supply chain requires a lot of rigor.

The infinitive 'Gérer' acts as the subject.

5

Le coût de la chaîne d'approvisionnement augmente chaque année.

The cost of the supply chain increases every year.

Present tense 'augmente'.

6

Il est difficile de sécuriser la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale.

It is difficult to secure the global supply chain.

Impersonal structure 'Il est difficile de'.

7

Les entreprises investissent dans leur chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Companies are investing in their supply chain.

Plural verb 'investissent'.

8

La technologie transforme la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Technology is transforming the supply chain.

Active voice sentence.

1

La résilience de la chaîne d'approvisionnement est devenue cruciale.

Supply chain resilience has become crucial.

'Devenue' agrees with the feminine 'résilience'.

2

Les tensions géopolitiques perturbent la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Geopolitical tensions are disrupting the supply chain.

Plural subject 'tensions'.

3

Il faut réduire la dépendance de notre chaîne d'approvisionnement.

We must reduce the dependency of our supply chain.

'Il faut' followed by an infinitive.

4

L'automatisation fluidifie la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Automation makes the supply chain more fluid.

Technical verb 'fluidifie'.

5

Nous analysons les risques en amont de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

We are analyzing the risks upstream in the supply chain.

'En amont' is a key technical prepositional phrase.

6

Une chaîne d'approvisionnement agile répond mieux à la demande.

An agile supply chain responds better to demand.

'Agile' is a common business adjective.

7

La traçabilité est un maillon essentiel de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Traceability is an essential link in the supply chain.

'Maillon' is the literal word for a link in a chain.

8

L'inflation est souvent liée à la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Inflation is often linked to the supply chain.

Passive construction 'est liée à'.

1

L'externalisation a complexifié la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Outsourcing has made the supply chain more complex.

Passé composé with 'complexifier'.

2

La décarbonation de la chaîne d'approvisionnement est un défi majeur.

Decarbonizing the supply chain is a major challenge.

Abstract noun 'décarbonation'.

3

La numérisation permet une visibilité de bout en bout.

Digitization allows for end-to-end visibility.

'De bout en bout' is a common professional idiom.

4

Les ruptures brutales révèlent les failles de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Sudden breaks reveal the flaws in the supply chain.

Literary/Professional verb 'révèlent'.

5

L'éthique doit être intégrée à chaque étape de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Ethics must be integrated at every stage of the supply chain.

Passive infinitive 'être intégrée'.

6

La souveraineté nationale passe par la maîtrise de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

National sovereignty involves mastering the supply chain.

The phrase 'passe par' indicates a necessary condition.

7

L'intelligence artificielle optimise les flux de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

Artificial intelligence optimizes supply chain flows.

'Flux' is a technical term for 'flows'.

8

Nous devons repenser la chaîne d'approvisionnement en circuit court.

We must rethink the supply chain in terms of short circuits.

'Circuit court' refers to local, direct supply.

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