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B1 verb 10 min read

विवाद करना

vivaad karna
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips विवाद करना in 30 Seconds
Explanation विवाद करना in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'विवाद करना' (vivād karnā) might be a bit advanced, but you can understand it as a very serious way of saying 'to argue'. Imagine two people who are not just talking loudly, but are disagreeing about something important like money or a house. At this level, you should focus on the simple structure: [Person] + [विवाद करता है/करती है]. For example, 'राम विवाद करता है' (Ram argues/disputes). You might hear this in simple stories where characters disagree. The most important thing for an A1 learner is to recognize that 'vivād' means a problem or a fight of words. You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet. Just remember that 'vivād' is the 'fight' and 'karnā' is 'to do'. If you see this word in a book, think of two people pointing fingers at a map or a contract. It is a formal word, so you won't use it with your friends to talk about what movie to watch, but you might see it in a simple news headline about two countries. Keep it simple and focus on the 'karnā' (to do) part of the verb, which changes based on the person speaking.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'विवाद करना' in simple past and future sentences. You are beginning to understand that Hindi has different words for different types of arguments. While you know 'झगड़ा' (jhagṛā) for a fight, you can now use 'विवाद' when talking about a disagreement in a story or a news report. For example, 'उन्होंने कल विवाद किया' (They disputed yesterday). You can also start using the postposition 'पर' (par) to say what the dispute is about. 'वे पैसे पर विवाद करते हैं' (They dispute over money). At this level, you are learning that 'karnā' is a very helpful verb that attaches to nouns like 'vivād' to make them actions. You should also notice that 'vivād' is a masculine noun. This is important when you use it in the past tense with 'ne'. For example, 'लड़के ने विवाद किया' (The boy disputed). Even if a girl is the subject, if you use the 'ne' structure, the verb stays 'kiyā' because it matches 'vivād'. Practice using it in sentences about people who disagree in a professional or serious way, like a teacher and a student or two shopkeepers.
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As a B1 learner, you should be comfortable using 'विवाद करना' in a variety of tenses and contexts. You understand that this word is more formal than 'bahas' and 'jhagṛā'. You can use it to describe workplace disagreements, legal issues, or political debates. For instance, 'मैनेजर और कर्मचारी बोनस पर विवाद कर रहे हैं' (The manager and the employee are disputing over the bonus). You should also be able to use negative forms and questions: 'क्या हमें इस बात पर विवाद करना चाहिए?' (Should we dispute over this matter?). At this level, you are also becoming aware of the cultural context—that 'vivād' often implies a public controversy. You might read a newspaper article and see this word in the headline. You can now distinguish between 'matbhed' (having a difference of opinion) and 'vivād karnā' (the active act of disputing). You are moving towards a more nuanced understanding of Hindi vocabulary, choosing 'vivād' when the situation demands a serious or formal tone. You should also start using phrases like 'विवाद खड़ा करना' (to raise a dispute) to show a higher level of fluency.
At the B2 level, you can use 'विवाद करना' to discuss complex social and political issues. You understand the subtle difference between 'tark karnā' (to argue logically) and 'vivād karnā' (to dispute/engage in controversy). You can construct complex sentences using relative clauses: 'वह मुद्दा जिस पर सब विवाद कर रहे हैं, बहुत पुराना है' (The issue that everyone is disputing is very old). You are also familiar with the passive voice and how 'vivād' is used in formal reports. For example, 'इस नीति पर काफी विवाद किया गया है' (Much dispute has been made over this policy). You can use the word in professional settings, such as during a business meeting or a legal discussion, to describe a conflict of interest or a disagreement over contract terms. Your vocabulary includes related words like 'विवादास्पद' (controversial) and you know how to use them correctly as adjectives. You can also engage in a debate and say, 'मैं इस बात पर आपसे विवाद नहीं करना चाहता, लेकिन मेरे पास अलग तथ्य हैं' (I don't want to dispute with you on this, but I have different facts).
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 'विवाद करना' and its place in Hindi literature and formal discourse. You can use it to analyze philosophical debates or historical controversies. You understand the etymology of the word from the root 'vād' and can relate it to other words like 'samvād' (dialogue), 'anuvād' (translation), and 'prativād' (counter-argument). You can use 'vivād karnā' in highly sophisticated ways, such as in academic essays: 'इतिहासकारों ने इस घटना की प्रमाणिकता पर बार-बार विवाद किया है' (Historians have repeatedly disputed the authenticity of this event). You are also aware of the rhetorical power of the word. In a speech, you might use it to highlight a systemic conflict. Your usage is precise, and you never confuse it with 'jhagṛā' unless you are being ironic. You can also understand and use idiomatic expressions involving 'vivād'. You are comfortable reading high-level editorial pieces where the nuances of a 'vivād' are dissected. Your ability to use this word correctly in both speech and writing reflects a high degree of linguistic and cultural competence.
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At the C2 level, 'विवाद करना' is a tool you use with total precision and native-like intuition. You can navigate the most complex legal, political, and philosophical discussions where this word is a key term. You understand how the word functions in classical Hindi literature and can appreciate its use in poetry or high-level prose to signify deep-seated ideological conflicts. You can lead a formal debate and use 'vivād karnā' to categorize different types of objections. For instance, you might distinguish between a 'shabdik vivād' (verbal dispute) and a 'tathyamak vivād' (factual dispute). You are also aware of the legal implications of the term in Indian law, where a 'vivād' is a specific point of contention in a lawsuit. You can use the word to discuss the 'vivād-se-vishwas' (from dispute to trust) schemes in Indian policy, showing your grasp of contemporary socio-political terminology. Your command of the language allows you to use 'vivād karnā' to describe the very process of dialectical reasoning, showing that you don't just know the word, but you understand the intellectual tradition it represents.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

विवाद करना in 30 Seconds

  • A formal verb meaning 'to dispute' or 'to argue' in serious contexts.
  • Used in news, law, and academic debates rather than casual talk.
  • Follows the [Topic] + [पर/को लेकर] + [विवाद करना] sentence structure.
  • Derived from Sanskrit roots meaning 'to speak in opposition'.

The Hindi verb विवाद करना (vivād karnā) is a sophisticated way to describe the act of engaging in a dispute, argument, or formal debate. While everyday Hindi might use the word 'बहस करना' (bahas karnā) for a casual argument or 'झगड़ा करना' (jhagṛā karnā) for a fight, 'विवाद करना' carries a more formal, intellectual, or legal weight. It is derived from the Sanskrit root 'vād' (to speak) combined with the prefix 'vi' (meaning opposite or divergent). Thus, it literally translates to 'speaking in opposition' or 'divergent speaking'. In modern Hindi, you will encounter this word frequently in news broadcasts, legal documents, academic papers, and formal discussions where opinions clash in a structured or significant way.

Formal Context
Used in courts or news to describe legal disputes or political disagreements. For example: 'सीमा पर विवाद करना' (To dispute over the border).
Intellectual Context
Used when scholars or experts disagree on a theory or historical fact. It implies a reasoned, though perhaps heated, exchange of ideas.
Social Nuance
Unlike 'jhagṛā', which can imply physical scuffling or shouting, 'vivād' focuses on the disagreement of words and stances. It is the 'controversy' that stems from the act of disputing.

दोनों देशों के बीच जमीन को लेकर विवाद करना आम बात हो गई है। (It has become common for the two countries to dispute over land.)

Understanding the weight of this word helps in distinguishing between a 'tiff' and a 'controversy'. If a celebrity has a public falling out, the media will call it a 'vivād'. If two neighbors are shouting about trash, they are 'jhagṛā kar rahe hain'. However, if those neighbors go to court to 'dispute' the property line, they are now 'vivād kar rahe hain'. This transition from informal to formal is key to mastering B1 level Hindi. Furthermore, the word is often paired with the postposition 'पर' (par - on/about) or 'को लेकर' (ko lekar - regarding). For instance, 'इस विषय पर विवाद करना व्यर्थ है' (It is useless to dispute on this subject). This structural knowledge allows a learner to construct complex sentences that sound natural to native speakers.

हमें छोटी बातों पर विवाद नहीं करना चाहिए। (We should not dispute over small matters.)

इतिहासकार इस तिथि पर विवाद करते हैं। (Historians dispute/debate this date.)

अदालत में वकील संपत्ति पर विवाद कर रहे थे। (The lawyers were disputing over the property in court.)

विद्वान अक्सर शास्त्रों के अर्थ पर विवाद करते हैं। (Scholars often debate/dispute the meaning of scriptures.)

To use विवाद करना correctly, you must understand its grammatical placement as a compound verb. Since it is an intransitive verb in most contexts (though it can take an object of the dispute using postpositions), the focus is on the subject who is engaging in the dispute. The structure usually follows: [Subject] + [Topic] + [Postposition like 'पर' or 'को लेकर'] + [विवाद] + [Conjugated form of 'करना']. For example, in the past tense: 'उन्होंने विवाद किया' (They disputed). In the continuous tense: 'वे विवाद कर रहे हैं' (They are disputing). This flexibility allows it to be used across all twelve tenses in Hindi, making it a versatile tool for any speaker.

Present Tense
वह हर बात पर विवाद करता है। (He disputes/argues over everything.) - Used for habits or general truths.
Past Tense
कल मीटिंग में उन्होंने बजट पर विवाद किया। (Yesterday in the meeting, they disputed the budget.) - Use 'ne' with the subject here as 'karnā' functions transitively with 'vivād'.
Future Tense
अगर आप सच नहीं बताएंगे, तो लोग विवाद करेंगे। (If you don't tell the truth, people will dispute it.)

क्या आप इस फैसले पर विवाद करना चाहते हैं? (Do you want to dispute this decision?)

One of the most interesting ways to use this verb is in its passive or causative forms, though 'karnā' itself is active. To say a controversy was 'created', one might use 'विवाद खड़ा करना' (vivād khaṛā karnā - to raise a dispute). If you want to say you are being 'drawn into' a dispute, you would use 'विवाद में पड़ना' (vivād mein paṛnā). This richness of phrasing allows speakers to describe the specific nature of the conflict. In professional emails, you might see: 'हम इस मुद्दे पर विवाद नहीं करना चाहते' (We do not wish to dispute this issue), which is a polite but firm way to state a position. In news reporting, you'll hear: 'विपक्षी दल सरकार की नीतियों पर विवाद कर रहे हैं' (The opposition parties are disputing/arguing over the government's policies). This word is essential for navigating any situation where opinions differ significantly.

बिना सबूत के विवाद करना मूर्खता है। (Disputing without evidence is foolishness.)

वे पुरानी बातों पर विवाद कर रहे थे। (They were disputing over old matters.)

संसद में नए कानून पर विवाद किया गया। (The new law was disputed in Parliament.)

उसे हर चीज़ पर विवाद करने की आदत है। (He has a habit of disputing everything.)

If you tune into a Hindi news channel like Aaj Tak or NDTV India, you will hear विवाद and विवाद करना almost every ten minutes. It is the bread and butter of political journalism. Whether it is a dispute between states over water rights, a disagreement between political parties over a bill, or a controversy involving a celebrity's tweet, 'vivād' is the standard term used to describe the conflict. In these contexts, it implies a public and often formal disagreement that requires resolution. For a learner, hearing this word in the news provides a great opportunity to understand how high-level vocabulary is used to summarize complex social situations.

Television Debates
Moderators often say, 'इस मुद्दे पर विवाद करने के लिए हमारे साथ कई मेहमान हैं' (We have several guests with us to debate/dispute this issue).
Legal Dramas & Movies
In courtroom scenes, judges might ask lawyers to 'विवाद न करें' (not to argue/dispute) and stick to the facts.
Workplace & Corporate
During performance reviews or contract negotiations, if there is a disagreement on terms, it is referred to as a 'vivād'.

समाचार: 'फिल्म के दृश्यों पर सेंसर बोर्ड और निर्देशक विवाद कर रहे हैं।' (News: 'The Censor Board and the director are disputing over the film's scenes.')

Beyond the news, you will find this word in historical texts and religious commentaries. When different schools of thought (Darshanas) disagree on the nature of reality, they are said to 'vivād' with one another. In a more modern setting, social media is a hotbed for this verb. Comments sections on platforms like Twitter (X) or YouTube are often described as places where people 'फालतू में विवाद करते हैं' (dispute/argue for no reason). If you are reading a Hindi newspaper like Dainik Jagran or Navbharat Times, look for headlines containing this word; they usually signal a major conflict or a controversial event. Learning to recognize 'vivād' in these diverse environments will help you transition from understanding basic Hindi to engaging with the language as it is used in the real world of ideas and events.

ट्विटर पर लोग अक्सर राजनीति को लेकर विवाद करते हैं। (People often dispute politics on Twitter.)

पड़ोसी देशों के बीच जल वितरण पर विवाद करना खतरनाक हो सकता है। (Disputing over water distribution between neighboring countries can be dangerous.)

वैज्ञानिक ब्रह्मांड की उत्पत्ति पर विवाद करते आए हैं। (Scientists have been disputing/debating the origin of the universe.)

क्या हम शांति से बात कर सकते हैं, बिना विवाद किए? (Can we talk peacefully, without disputing?)

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using विवाद करना is confusing it with 'झगड़ा करना' (jhagṛā karnā). While both involve disagreement, 'jhagṛā' implies a personal, emotional, and often loud fight. If you tell your boss 'I want to vivād with you' about your salary, it sounds like you want to have a formal, perhaps legal, dispute. If you say 'I want to jhagṛā with you', it sounds like you want to scream at them. Knowing when to use the more formal 'vivād' is a mark of a B1-level speaker. Another common mistake is the incorrect use of postpositions. Learners often try to translate 'argue with' literally using 'के साथ' (ke saath), but with 'vivād', it is more common to use 'से' (se) for the person or 'पर' (par) for the topic.

Confusing Register
Using 'vivād' for a small disagreement with a friend. (Correct: 'behas' or 'unban'). 'Vivād' is too heavy for 'who gets the last slice of pizza'.
Postposition Errors
Saying 'मुझको विवाद करो' instead of 'मुझसे विवाद करो'. 'Se' is the correct particle for the person you are disputing with.
Transitivity Confusion
Forgetting to use 'ne' in the past tense. Since 'karnā' is transitive, 'I disputed' must be 'Maine vivād kiyā', not 'Main vivād kiyā'.

गलत: मैंने उसके साथ विवाद किया (Incorrect context for a minor tiff). सही: मेरी उससे बहस हुई।

Furthermore, avoid using 'vivād' as a verb directly. In English, 'to dispute' is a single word. In Hindi, it's a noun-verb pair. You cannot say 'Main vivādūngā'. You must say 'Main vivād karūngā'. This is a structural difference that many beginners struggle with. Additionally, some learners confuse 'vivād' with 'samvād' (dialogue). While they sound similar and share the root 'vād', 'samvād' is positive and cooperative, whereas 'vivād' is oppositional. Mixing these up can lead to significant misunderstandings in a professional setting. Lastly, remember that 'vivād' can also be an adjective in the form 'vivādāspad' (controversial). Using 'vivād' where 'vivādāspad' is needed—like saying 'यह एक विवाद विषय है' instead of 'यह एक विवादास्पद विषय है'—is a common grammatical slip.

गलत: वह मुझसे विवादता है। (Incorrect verb formation). सही: वह मुझसे विवाद करता है।

गलत: इस विवाद फिल्म को मत देखो। (Incorrect adjective use). सही: इस विवादास्पद फिल्म को मत देखो।

गलत: हमें शांति के लिए विवाद चाहिए। (Confusing dialogue with dispute). सही: हमें शांति के लिए संवाद चाहिए।

गलत: उसने विवाद को लेकर बात की। (Redundant). सही: उसने विवाद पर बात की।

Hindi is rich in words for 'disagreement', and choosing the right one depends entirely on the level of intensity and the context. विवाद करना sits in the middle-to-upper tier of formality. If you are looking for something more casual, 'बहस करना' (bahas karnā) is your best bet. It means 'to argue' or 'to debate' and is used for everything from debating a TV show to a minor disagreement with a spouse. If the argument is aggressive and emotional, 'झगड़ा करना' (jhagṛā karnā) is the term. On the other end of the spectrum, if you are looking for a highly intellectual or philosophical debate, 'शास्त्रार्थ करना' (shāstrārth karnā) is the classical term used for debating scriptures or deep philosophy.

बहस करना (Bahas Karnā)
More common for verbal back-and-forth. It can be friendly or slightly annoying. 'Bahas' is less heavy than 'Vivād'.
तर्क करना (Tark Karnā)
Meaning 'to reason' or 'to give arguments'. This is the most positive version, focusing on logic rather than conflict.
मतभेद होना (Matbhed Honā)
Literally 'to have a difference of opinion'. This is a state of being rather than an action. 'Hamare beech matbhed hain' (We have differences of opinion).

वकील कोर्ट में विवाद करते हैं, जबकि दोस्त कैफे में बहस करते हैं। (Lawyers dispute in court, while friends argue in a cafe.)

Another nuance to consider is 'खंडन करना' (khanḍan karnā), which means 'to refute' or 'to deny'. While 'vivād karnā' is the whole act of disputing, 'khanḍan karnā' is the specific act of proving the other person's point wrong. In academic writing, you might say 'लेखक ने पुराने सिद्धांतों का खंडन किया' (The author refuted the old theories). For legal contexts, 'दावा करना' (dāvā karnā - to claim) is often the precursor to a 'vivād'. If two people 'dāvā' the same piece of land, they will eventually 'vivād' over it. Understanding these synonyms helps you paint a more precise picture in Hindi. Whether you are describing a 'tiffin dispute' in school or a 'territorial dispute' between nations, having this range of vocabulary allows you to speak with the nuance of a native speaker.

हमें तर्क करना चाहिए, विवाद नहीं। (We should reason/argue logically, not just dispute.)

उनका झगड़ा अब कानूनी विवाद बन गया है। (Their fight has now become a legal dispute.)

विपक्ष ने सरकार के दावों का खंडन किया। (The opposition refuted the government's claims.)

वैज्ञानिकों के बीच इस खोज पर मतभेद है। (There is a difference of opinion among scientists on this discovery.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root 'vād' is also found in 'Anuvād' (translation), which literally means 'speaking after' or 'repeating' what has been said in another language.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /vɪˈvɑːd kəˈnɑː/
US /vɪˈvɑd kərˈnɑ/
Primary stress is on the second syllable 'vād'. Secondary stress on 'nā'.
Rhymes With
संवाद (Samvād) अनुवाद (Anuvād) प्रसाद (Prasād) आजाद (Āzād) याद (Yād) फरियाद (Fariyād) स्वाद (Svād) अपवाद (Apvād)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'v' as 'b' (Bibaad).
  • Shortening the long 'ā' in 'vād'.
  • Mixing up the dental 'd' with a retroflex 'ḍ'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

The word is common in newspapers but requires understanding of formal prefixes.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct use of 'ne' in past tense and appropriate postpositions.

Speaking 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but choosing the right register is tricky.

Listening 2/5

Very easy to catch in news broadcasts.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

करना (to do) बात (talk/matter) बहस (argument) झगड़ा (fight) पर (on)

Learn Next

विवादास्पद (controversial) समाधान (solution) समझौता (compromise) न्यायालय (court) पक्ष (side/party)

Advanced

मध्यस्थता (arbitration) याचिका (petition) जिरह (cross-examination) अधिवक्ता (advocate) निर्णय (judgment)

Grammar to Know

Compound Verbs with 'Karnā'

विवाद + करना follows the same pattern as काम करना or इंतज़ार करना.

Use of 'Ne' in Past Tense

Since 'karnā' is transitive, 'Maine विवाद किया' is correct.

Postposition 'Par'

Always use 'par' to indicate the topic: 'इस बात पर विवाद'.

Infinitive as Noun

'विवाद करना अच्छी बात नहीं है' - here 'vivād karnā' acts as the subject.

Oblique Infinitive

'विवाद करने से कुछ नहीं होगा' - 'karnā' becomes 'karne' before 'se'.

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Examples by Level

1

वे हर रोज़ विवाद करते हैं।

They dispute every day.

Simple present tense plural.

2

बच्चे खिलौनों पर विवाद करते हैं।

Children dispute over toys.

Using 'par' for the object of dispute.

3

क्या आप विवाद करना चाहते हैं?

Do you want to dispute?

Interrogative sentence with 'chāhnā'.

4

राम और श्याम विवाद करते हैं।

Ram and Shyam dispute.

Compound subject with 'aur'.

5

वह विवाद नहीं करता है।

He does not dispute.

Negative present tense.

6

यहाँ विवाद मत करो।

Don't dispute here.

Imperative negative with 'mat'.

7

वे पैसे के लिए विवाद करते हैं।

They dispute for money.

Using 'ke liye' for purpose.

8

मेरा भाई हमेशा विवाद करता है।

My brother always disputes.

Adverb 'hamesha' placement.

1

कल उन्होंने जमीन पर विवाद किया।

Yesterday they disputed over land.

Past tense with 'ne'.

2

हम इस बात पर विवाद करेंगे।

We will dispute on this matter.

Future tense plural.

3

उसने मुझसे विवाद किया।

He disputed with me.

Using 'se' for the person.

4

क्या आपने विवाद किया?

Did you dispute?

Past tense interrogative.

5

वे काम पर विवाद कर रहे थे।

They were disputing at work.

Past continuous tense.

6

सीता विवाद करना पसंद नहीं करती।

Sita does not like to dispute.

Infinitive as an object of 'pasand karnā'.

7

चलो, विवाद बंद करो।

Come on, stop the dispute.

Imperative 'chalo'.

8

यह विवाद करना अच्छी बात नहीं है।

Disputing like this is not a good thing.

Gerundial use of 'vivād karnā'.

1

दोनों कंपनियों के बीच नाम को लेकर विवाद करना स्वाभाविक था।

It was natural for the two companies to dispute over the name.

Using 'ko lekar' for 'regarding'.

2

अगर आप विवाद करेंगे, तो कोर्ट जाना पड़ेगा।

If you dispute, you will have to go to court.

Conditional sentence with 'agar... toh'.

3

मंत्री जी ने बजट पर विवाद करने से मना कर दिया।

The minister refused to dispute the budget.

Oblique infinitive 'karne se'.

4

हमें बिना वजह विवाद नहीं करना चाहिए।

We should not dispute without reason.

Modal verb 'chāhiye'.

5

वे पुरानी गलतियों पर विवाद कर रहे हैं।

They are disputing over old mistakes.

Present continuous tense.

6

विवाद करने के बजाय हमें समाधान ढूंढना चाहिए।

Instead of disputing, we should find a solution.

Using 'ke bajāy' (instead of).

7

क्या वकील इस मुद्दे पर विवाद कर सकते हैं?

Can the lawyers dispute on this issue?

Modal verb 'saknā'.

8

फिल्म की कहानी पर विवाद करना गलत था।

It was wrong to dispute the film's story.

Past tense with 'thā'.

1

विपक्षी दलों ने नए कानून की वैधता पर विवाद किया।

The opposition parties disputed the validity of the new law.

Complex subject with 'ne'.

2

वैज्ञानिक इस सिद्धांत पर दशकों से विवाद कर रहे हैं।

Scientists have been disputing this theory for decades.

Present perfect continuous sense with 'se'.

3

बिना ठोस सबूतों के किसी भी तथ्य पर विवाद करना अनुचित है।

It is improper to dispute any fact without solid evidence.

Formal adjective 'anuchit'.

4

अदालत ने दोनों पक्षों को विवाद करने से रोका।

The court stopped both parties from disputing.

Verb 'roknā' with 'se'.

5

क्या आप मेरी बातों पर विवाद कर रहे हैं?

Are you disputing my words?

Present continuous interrogative.

6

इतिहासकारों ने इस घटना की तारीख पर बहुत विवाद किया है।

Historians have disputed the date of this event a lot.

Present perfect tense with 'ne'.

7

विवाद करने के लिए पर्याप्त कारण होने चाहिए।

There should be sufficient reasons to dispute.

Infinitive of purpose 'karne ke liye'.

8

उसने कभी भी अपने बड़ों से विवाद नहीं किया।

He never disputed with his elders.

Adverb 'kabhi bhi... nahi'.

1

दार्शनिक अक्सर आत्मा के अस्तित्व पर विवाद करते हैं।

Philosophers often dispute/debate the existence of the soul.

High-level vocabulary like 'dārshanik' and 'astitva'.

2

इस समझौते की शर्तों पर विवाद करना अब निरर्थक है।

It is now futile to dispute the terms of this agreement.

Formal adjective 'nirarthak'.

3

मीडिया ने जानबूझकर इस मुद्दे पर विवाद खड़ा किया।

The media deliberately raised a dispute on this issue.

Adverb 'jaan-boojhkar' (deliberately).

4

क्या आप इस ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेज की प्रामाणिकता पर विवाद करेंगे?

Will you dispute the authenticity of this historical document?

Future tense with 'prāmāṇiktā'.

5

विद्वानों के बीच इस श्लोक के अर्थ पर विवाद करना आम है।

It is common among scholars to dispute the meaning of this verse.

Genitive 'vidvānōn ke beech'.

6

उसने सरकार के दावों पर विवाद करने का साहस दिखाया।

He showed the courage to dispute the government's claims.

Infinitive phrase 'karne kā sāhas'.

7

हम यहाँ सत्य की खोज के लिए आए हैं, विवाद करने के लिए नहीं।

We have come here for the search of truth, not for disputing.

Parallel structure 'ke liye... ke liye'.

8

न्यायाधीश ने विवाद करने वाले दोनों वकीलों को चेतावनी दी।

The judge warned both the disputing lawyers.

Participial adjective 'vivād karne vāle'.

1

सिद्धांतकारों ने द्वंद्वात्मक भौतिकवाद की व्याख्या पर गहन विवाद किया है।

Theorists have engaged in profound dispute over the interpretation of dialectical materialism.

Highly academic terminology.

2

संवैधानिक पीठ इस कानून की व्याख्या पर विवाद कर रही है।

The constitutional bench is disputing the interpretation of this law.

Legal term 'samvaidhānik peeth'.

3

विवाद करने की यह प्रवृत्ति समाज के लिए घातक हो सकती है।

This tendency to dispute can be fatal for society.

Abstract noun 'pravritti' (tendency).

4

उन्होंने अपने पूरे जीवन में सत्य के स्वरूप पर विवाद किया।

He disputed the nature of truth throughout his life.

Adverbial phrase 'apne poore jeevan mein'.

5

क्या अंतरराष्ट्रीय न्यायालय इस सीमा मुद्दे पर विवाद करने का अधिकार रखता है?

Does the International Court of Justice have the right to dispute/adjudicate this border issue?

Complex interrogative with 'adhikār rakhtā hai'.

6

विवाद करने की कला में माहिर होना एक राजनेता के लिए आवश्यक है।

Being adept in the art of disputing is essential for a politician.

Gerundial phrase as a subject.

7

साहित्यिक आलोचना में रचना के मूल उद्देश्य पर विवाद करना अनिवार्य है।

In literary criticism, disputing the original purpose of a work is mandatory.

Locative 'sāhityik ālochnā mein'.

8

बिना किसी पूर्वाग्रह के विवाद करना ही वास्तविक बौद्धिकता है।

Disputing without any prejudice is true intellectuality.

Noun phrase 'binā kisi poorvāgrah ke'.

Synonyms

बहस करना तर्क करना झगड़ा करना खंडन करना शास्त्रार्थ करना मुकाबला करना विरोध करना चर्चा करना

Antonyms

सहमत होना समझौता करना स्वीकार करना शांति बनाए रखना

Common Collocations

सीमा विवाद
कानूनी विवाद
संपत्ति विवाद
विवाद सुलझाना
विवाद खड़ा करना
गहरा विवाद
सार्वजनिक विवाद
विवाद का विषय
विवाद से बचना
पुरानी बातों पर विवाद

Common Phrases

विवाद में पड़ना

— To get involved in a dispute. Used when someone unintentionally finds themselves in a controversy.

मैं इस विवाद में नहीं पड़ना चाहता।

विवाद का अंत

— The end of a dispute. Used when a resolution is reached.

आखिरकार विवाद का अंत हुआ।

बिना किसी विवाद के

— Without any dispute. Used to describe a smooth process.

काम बिना किसी विवाद के पूरा हो गया।

विवाद की जड़

— The root cause of a dispute. Used to identify the core problem.

पैसा ही इस विवाद की जड़ है।

विवाद का समाधान

— Solution of the dispute. Formal term for resolving a conflict.

हम विवाद का समाधान ढूंढ रहे हैं।

विवाद को बढ़ावा देना

— To fuel or encourage a dispute. Used negatively.

झूठ बोलना विवाद को बढ़ावा देता है।

विवादस्पद बयान

— Controversial statement. Very common in media reporting.

नेता ने एक विवादास्पद बयान दिया।

आपसी विवाद

— Mutual or internal dispute. Used for family or organizational conflicts.

यह हमारा आपसी विवाद है।

विवाद का मुद्दा

— Issue of dispute. The specific point of contention.

मुख्य विवाद का मुद्दा ज़मीन है।

विवाद निपटाना

— To settle a dispute. Common in legal and business contexts.

पंचायत ने विवाद निपटा दिया।

Often Confused With

विवाद करना vs संवाद (Samvād)

Samvād is positive (dialogue/conversation), Vivād is negative (dispute).

विवाद करना vs झगड़ा (Jhagṛā)

Jhagṛā is an emotional fight; Vivād is a formal disagreement.

विवाद करना vs अनुवाद (Anuvād)

Anuvād means translation. They share the root 'vād' but have totally different meanings.

Idioms & Expressions

"राई का पहाड़ बनाना"

— To make a mountain out of a molehill. Often leads to 'vivād'.

छोटी सी बात पर विवाद करके उसने राई का पहाड़ बना दिया।

Informal
"तू-तू मैं-मैं करना"

— To have a petty verbal spat. A more colloquial form of disputing.

वे सड़क पर तू-तू मैं-मैं कर रहे थे।

Slang/Informal
"आग में घी डालना"

— To add fuel to the fire. To make a dispute worse.

उसकी बातों ने विवाद में आग में घी डालने का काम किया।

Common
"बात का बतंगड़ बनाना"

— To exaggerate a simple matter into a big dispute.

उसकी आदत है हर बात का बतंगड़ बनाकर विवाद करना।

Informal
"लोहा लेना"

— To challenge or dispute someone's power/authority.

उसने भ्रष्ट अधिकारी से लोहा लिया।

Formal/Literary
"गड़े मुर्दे उखाड़ना"

— To dig up old issues and start a dispute again.

पुरानी बातों पर विवाद करना यानी गड़े मुर्दे उखाड़ना है।

Common
"दो टूक बात करना"

— To speak bluntly, which can sometimes end or start a dispute.

उसने दो टूक बात करके विवाद खत्म कर दिया।

Neutral
"नाक का सवाल बनाना"

— To make something a matter of prestige, leading to an endless dispute.

उसने इस छोटे से विवाद को अपनी नाक का सवाल बना लिया।

Common
"ईंट का जवाब पत्थर से देना"

— To give a crushing reply in a dispute.

उसने विवाद के दौरान ईंट का जवाब पत्थर से दिया।

Common
"दूध का दूध और पानी का पानी करना"

— To resolve a dispute by revealing the absolute truth.

अदालत ने विवाद सुलझाकर दूध का दूध और पानी का पानी कर दिया।

Common

Easily Confused

विवाद करना vs प्रवाद (Pravād)

Sounds similar to Vivād.

Pravād means a rumor or common hearsay, while Vivād is a specific dispute.

यह केवल एक प्रवाद है, कोई वास्तविक विवाद नहीं। (This is just a rumor, not a real dispute.)

विवाद करना vs अपवाद (Apvād)

Shares the same suffix.

Apvād means an exception to a rule.

यह नियम हर जगह लागू होता है, कोई अपवाद नहीं है। (This rule applies everywhere, there is no exception.)

विवाद करना vs परिवाद (Parivād)

Very similar phonetically.

Parivād is a formal legal complaint or grievance.

उसने पुलिस में परिवाद दर्ज कराया। (He filed a complaint with the police.)

विवाद करना vs वाद (Vād)

Root of the word.

Vād can mean a theory, a lawsuit, or an ideology (like 'Samajvād' - Socialism).

वह गांधीवादी विचारधारा का समर्थन करता है। (He supports Gandhian ideology.)

विवाद करना vs विवादास्पद (Vivādāspad)

Derived from the same root.

Vivādāspad is an adjective (controversial), whereas Vivād is the noun (dispute).

यह एक विवादास्पद फिल्म है। (This is a controversial film.)

Sentence Patterns

A1

[Subject] [Noun] पर विवाद करता है।

वह बात पर विवाद करता है।

A2

[Subject] ने [Noun] पर विवाद किया।

राम ने खिलौने पर विवाद किया।

B1

[Subject] को [Topic] पर विवाद नहीं करना चाहिए।

आपको इस मुद्दे पर विवाद नहीं करना चाहिए।

B2

[Topic] को लेकर [Subject] के बीच विवाद चल रहा है।

ज़मीन को लेकर भाइयों के बीच विवाद चल रहा है।

C1

यह स्पष्ट है कि [Topic] पर विवाद करना निरर्थक है।

यह स्पष्ट है कि पुराने नियमों पर विवाद करना निरर्थक है।

C2

[Subject] द्वारा [Topic] की प्रामाणिकता पर विवाद किया जाना स्वाभाविक है।

विद्वानों द्वारा इस लेख की प्रामाणिकता पर विवाद किया जाना स्वाभाविक है।

B1

विवाद करने के बजाय [Alternative Action] बेहतर है।

विवाद करने के बजाय बात करना बेहतर है।

B2

जैसे ही [Event] हुआ, लोगों ने विवाद करना शुरू कर दिया।

जैसे ही फैसला आया, लोगों ने विवाद करना शुरू कर दिया।

Word Family

Nouns

विवाद (vivād) - Dispute/Controversy
विवादी (vivādī) - Disputant/Litigant
प्रवाद (pravād) - Rumor/General talk

Verbs

विवाद करना (vivād karnā) - To dispute
विवादित होना (vivādit honā) - To be disputed

Adjectives

विवादास्पद (vivādāspad) - Controversial
विवादित (vivādit) - Disputed

Related

संवाद (samvād)
वाद-विवाद (vād-vivād)
प्रतिवाद (prativād)
निर्विवाद (nirvivād)
वादा (vādā)
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How to Use It

frequency

Common in formal writing and media; rare in casual household talk.

Common Mistakes
  • Using 'विवाद' for a loud physical fight. → झगड़ा (Jhagṛā)

    'Vivād' is a verbal or legal disagreement. If people are pushing each other, it's a 'jhagṛā'.

  • Saying 'Main vivādūngā' (I will dispute). → Main vivād karūngā.

    'Vivād' is a noun. You must use the helper verb 'karnā' to make it an action.

  • Using 'ke saath' for the topic of dispute. → par (on) or ko lekar (regarding)

    'Ke saath' means 'with'. You dispute 'on' a topic, not 'with' a topic.

  • Forgetting 'ne' in 'Maine vivād kiyā'. → Maine vivād kiyā.

    In the past tense, transitive verbs require 'ne' with the subject.

  • Confusing 'विवाद' with 'संवाद'. → विवाद (Dispute) vs संवाद (Dialogue)

    These are opposites. Using 'vivād' when you mean a friendly discussion can cause offense.

Tips

Past Tense Usage

Remember to use the 'ne' particle with the subject in the simple past tense, because 'karnā' is transitive. Example: 'उसने विवाद किया' (He disputed).

Formal vs. Informal

Switch between 'jhagṛā' (informal), 'bahas' (neutral), and 'vivād' (formal) based on your surroundings to sound more like a native.

Media Literacy

When you see 'विवाद' in a Hindi newspaper, look for the word 'को लेकर'. It will tell you exactly what the controversy is about.

Soft 'V'

Hindi 'v' is a labio-dental sound. Don't pronounce 'vivād' as 'bibād' unless you are speaking a specific regional dialect like Bengali-influenced Hindi.

Adjective Form

Use 'विवादास्पद' (vivādāspad) when you need an adjective. 'यह विवाद विषय है' is wrong; 'यह विवादास्पद विषय है' is right.

Catching Collocations

Listen for 'विवाद खड़ा करना'. It's a very common phrase meaning 'to stir up trouble' or 'to create a controversy'.

Root Association

Connect 'vād' with 'voice'. 'Vi' is 'divergent'. Divergent voices = Dispute. This helps you remember the meaning instantly.

Indian Law

The word 'vivād' is essential for understanding legal news in India. It's often used in the context of 'settling' disputes out of court.

Politeness

If you want to disagree politely in a meeting, say 'मैं इस पर विवाद नहीं करना चाहता, लेकिन...' (I don't want to dispute this, but...).

Postpositions

Always pair 'vivād' with 'par' or 'se'. Using 'ke saath' is less common for the topic and more common for the person, but 'se' is preferred for people.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a 'V' shape where two roads go in opposite directions. 'Vi' means opposite and 'vād' means speaking. Two people speaking in opposite directions = Vivād.

Visual Association

A courtroom with two lawyers pointing at a document. The document has 'VIVĀD' written on it in big letters.

Word Web

Law Politics Argument Debate Court Controversy Difference Conflict

Challenge

Write three sentences about a famous historical dispute using 'विवाद करना'. For example, the dispute over the discovery of zero.

Word Origin

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'विवाद' (vivāda). It is composed of the prefix 'vi-' (away, apart, opposite) and the root 'vad' (to speak).

Original meaning: To speak in a divergent way; to contradict; to litigate.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

Cultural Context

Avoid using 'vivād' to describe a personal emotional breakdown; it can sound cold or overly technical. Use 'jhagṛā' for emotional contexts.

In English, 'dispute' can be a noun or a verb. In Hindi, it's usually the noun 'vivād' combined with 'karnā'. English speakers often use 'argue' for everything, but should learn to use 'vivād' for serious matters.

The 'Ayodhya Vivād' (Ayodhya Dispute) - one of India's longest legal cases. The 'Kaveri Nadi Vivād' (Kaveri River Water Dispute) between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Television show 'Vād-Vivād' (Debate) formats.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Legal

  • संपत्ति पर विवाद करना
  • अदालत में विवाद
  • विवाद का निपटारा
  • कानूनी विवाद

Politics

  • सीमा पर विवाद करना
  • नीतियों पर विवाद
  • संसद में विवाद
  • विवादास्पद विधेयक

Academic

  • तथ्यों पर विवाद करना
  • सिद्धांत पर विवाद
  • ऐतिहासिक विवाद
  • विद्वानों का विवाद

Media

  • विवाद खड़ा करना
  • विवादास्पद बयान
  • सोशल मीडिया पर विवाद
  • विवाद की खबरें

Daily Life

  • बिना वजह विवाद करना
  • पुरानी बातों पर विवाद
  • विवाद से बचना
  • आपसी विवाद

Conversation Starters

"क्या आपको लगता है कि इस मुद्दे पर विवाद करना सही है?"

"आप इस विवाद को कैसे सुलझाएंगे?"

"क्या आपके परिवार में कभी संपत्ति पर विवाद हुआ है?"

"आजकल न्यूज़ में किस बात पर सबसे ज्यादा विवाद हो रहा है?"

"विवाद करने के बजाय हम शांति से बात क्यों नहीं करते?"

Journal Prompts

लिखिए कि आखिरी बार आपने किसी से विवाद कब किया था और उसका क्या परिणाम हुआ।

क्या विवाद करना हमेशा बुरा होता है? अपने विचार विस्तार से लिखिए।

एक ऐसी काल्पनिक कहानी लिखिए जहाँ एक छोटा सा विवाद बहुत बड़ा बन जाता है।

भारत के किसी एक प्रमुख सीमा विवाद के बारे में अपनी जानकारी साझा करें।

अगर आपको दो लोगों के बीच का विवाद सुलझाना हो, तो आप कौन से तरीके अपनाएंगे?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Generally, yes, as it implies a conflict or disagreement. However, in academic or legal contexts, it is a neutral term describing the process of questioning and defending positions. It is not necessarily 'bad', but it is 'oppositional'.

You can, but it will sound very formal or even sarcastic. If you are arguing about where to eat, use 'बहस करना' (bahas karnā). If you are having a serious debate about a political issue, 'विवाद करना' is appropriate.

'Bahas' is the act of arguing/talking back and forth. 'Vivād' is the dispute or the controversy itself. You 'bahas' during a 'vivād'. 'Vivād' also implies a more lasting or formal conflict than a simple 'bahas'.

You would say 'मुझसे विवाद मत करो' (Mujhse vivād mat karo). However, in a casual setting, 'मुझसे बहस मत करो' is much more common.

'Vivād' is a masculine noun. This is why we say 'विवाद हुआ' (dispute happened) and not 'विवाद हुई'.

It means a 'border dispute'. It is a very common term used in South Asian politics to describe disagreements over national boundaries.

Usually, school debates are called 'वाद-विवाद प्रतियोगिता' (vād-vivād pratiyogitā). So, 'vād-vivād' is the standard term for a formal competition, while 'vivād' alone sounds more like a real conflict.

The word for 'controversial' is 'विवादास्पद' (vivādāspad), which comes from 'vivād'. For example, 'विवादास्पद निर्णय' means 'controversial decision'.

It means 'to resolve a dispute'. 'Suljhānā' literally means to untangle or solve.

If they are fighting over an inheritance (property), 'vivād' is perfect. If they are fighting over a remote control, 'jhagṛā' is much better.

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'We should not dispute over small matters.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'विवाद खड़ा करना'.

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Translate to Hindi: 'The two countries are disputing over the border.'

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'He has a habit of disputing everything.'

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writing

Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about a legal dispute.

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'I don't want to get involved in this dispute.'

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'The lawyer disputed the facts.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'विवादास्पद'.

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'Why are you disputing with me?'

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Translate to Hindi: 'Disputing without evidence is foolishness.'

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Translate to Hindi: 'The dispute ended peacefully.'

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'There is no dispute about this.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'विवाद सुलझाना'.

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writing

Translate to Hindi: 'Scholars are debating the meaning of this verse.'

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Translate to Hindi: 'The politician made a controversial statement.'

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Translate to Hindi: 'It is futile to dispute now.'

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Translate to Hindi: 'They have been disputing for years.'

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Write a sentence using 'विवाद की जड़'.

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Translate to Hindi: 'Who started this dispute?'

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Translate to Hindi: 'We should avoid disputes.'

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speaking

Pronounce clearly: 'विवाद करना' (vivād karnā).

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speaking

Say in Hindi: 'Don't argue with me.'

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speaking

Ask in Hindi: 'What is the dispute about?'

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State in Hindi: 'I don't like to dispute.'

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State in Hindi: 'The dispute is over.'

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State in Hindi: 'This is a controversial topic.'

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State in Hindi: 'We need a solution.'

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State in Hindi: 'Stop the dispute.'

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State in Hindi: 'He is always disputing.'

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State in Hindi: 'Let's resolve this dispute.'

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State in Hindi: 'The media created the controversy.'

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State in Hindi: 'I am right, don't dispute.'

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State in Hindi: 'There was a dispute in court.'

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State in Hindi: 'This is an internal matter.'

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State in Hindi: 'Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.'

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State in Hindi: 'Truth will prevail in the dispute.'

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State in Hindi: 'The dispute is very old.'

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State in Hindi: 'I agree with you.'

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State in Hindi: 'We are reaching a compromise.'

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State in Hindi: 'Without any dispute.'

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listening

Listen and identify the word: 'विवाद' (vivād).

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listening

Listen to the sentence and write it: 'उन्होंने ज़मीन पर विवाद किया।' (They disputed on land.)

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listening

Does the speaker sound angry? 'विवाद मत करो!'

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Identify the tense: 'विवाद हो रहा है।' (Dispute is happening.)

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listening

Identify the topic: 'वे बजट पर विवाद कर रहे हैं।' (They are disputing the budget.)

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listening

Is the word used as a noun or verb? 'विवाद खड़ा करना' (To raise a dispute.)

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listening

Fill the missing word: 'हमें विवाद ______ चाहिए।' (We should resolve the dispute.)

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listening

Listen and translate: 'यह एक विवादास्पद मुद्दा है।' (This is a controversial issue.)

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listening

Is the sentence negative? 'उसने विवाद नहीं किया।' (He didn't dispute.)

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listening

What is being disputed? 'सीमा विवाद चल रहा है।' (Border dispute is going on.)

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listening

Identify the mood: 'चलो, विवाद खत्म करते हैं।' (Let's end the dispute.)

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listening

How many people are mentioned? 'दोनों पक्षों ने विवाद किया।' (Both parties disputed.)

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listening

Listen for the prefix: 'वि-' in 'विवाद'.

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Translate the phrase: 'विवाद की जड़' (Root of the dispute.)

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listening

Is the speaker referring to the past? 'विवाद हुआ था।' (Dispute had happened.)

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