Birthday refers to the anniversary of one's birth and is a key social term for celebration.
Word in 30 Seconds
- The day someone was born.
- Commonly celebrated with gifts and parties.
- Used in both personal and formal contexts.
概要
「たんじょうび(誕生日)」は、人がこの世に生まれた記念すべき日を指す言葉です。日本語では漢字で「誕生日」と書き、日常会話からビジネスシーンまで幅広く使われます。2) 使用パターン: 基本的な使い方は「誕生日は〇月〇日です」という日付の提示や、「誕生日おめでとう」というお祝いの言葉です。「誕生日プレゼント」や「誕生日パーティー」のように、他の名詞と組み合わせて複合語を作ることも非常に一般的です。3) よくある文脈: 家族や友人の誕生日を祝う際、あるいは書類の記入欄など、個人の生年月日を尋ねる場面で頻繁に登場します。親しい間柄では「誕生日」を短縮して「たんじょうび」と言いますが、丁寧な場面では「お誕生日」と接頭辞の「お」をつけるのが一般的です。4) 類語との比較: 「生年月日(せいねんがっぴ)」は、生まれた年・月・日のすべてを指す公的な用語です。一方、「誕生日」は、生まれた月と日を指すことが多く、お祝いのニュアンスが強い言葉です。また、尊敬語として「お誕生日」と呼ぶことで、相手を敬う気持ちを表現できます。
Examples
今日は私の誕生日です。
everydayToday is my birthday.
お誕生日おめでとうございます。
formalHappy birthday.
誕生日パーティーをしよう。
informalLet's have a birthday party.
誕生日は個人の重要な記念日です。
academicA birthday is an important personal anniversary.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
誕生日おめでとう
Happy birthday
誕生日を祝う
Celebrate a birthday
Often Confused With
Refers to the full date of birth (year, month, day). Used for official documents.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Use '誕生日' for casual or neutral contexts. Always use 'お誕生日' when addressing others to show respect. It is a very common noun used as a base for many compound words.
Common Mistakes
Beginners often use '生年月日' when they just mean their birthday. Also, forgetting to add 'お' when wishing someone else a happy birthday can sound slightly blunt.
Tips
Use 'O' for politeness
Adding the prefix 'O' (お誕生日) makes the word sound more polite and considerate, especially when talking to someone else.
Don't confuse with birth year
Remember that '誕生日' focuses on the month and day. If you need to include the year, use '生年月日'.
Birthday celebrations in Japan
While traditions vary, it is common to give gifts and eat cake. Celebrating with family or friends is a special event.
Word Origin
Derived from the Kanji '誕生' (birth) and '日' (day). It literally translates to 'birth day'.
Cultural Context
Birthdays are widely celebrated in Japan with cakes and gifts. It is a personal milestone rather than a public holiday.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Tan-jou' (birth) + 'bi' (day). Imagine a cake with candles to remember the celebration aspect.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「誕生日」は月日を指し、お祝いの文脈で使われます。「生年月日」は年を含めた正確な日付を指し、書類や手続きなどの公的な場面で使われます。
他人の誕生日について話す際や、丁寧な表現をしたい場合は「お誕生日」を使います。自分の誕生日や、カジュアルな会話では「誕生日」で問題ありません。
「誕生日おめでとう」が最も一般的です。目上の人に対しては「お誕生日おめでとうございます」と丁寧に言います。
漢字では「誕生日」と書きます。読み方は「たんじょうび」です。
Test Yourself
来週は私の___です。
文脈的に「自分の生まれた日」を指す「誕生日」が適切です。
友達の誕生日を祝うとき、何と言いますか?
誕生日を祝う際の定番の挨拶です。
(おめでとう / 誕生日 / 今日は / です / !)
「今日は誕生日」という主語と、「おめでとう」という結びつきが自然です。
Score: /3
Summary
Birthday refers to the anniversary of one's birth and is a key social term for celebration.
- The day someone was born.
- Commonly celebrated with gifts and parties.
- Used in both personal and formal contexts.
Use 'O' for politeness
Adding the prefix 'O' (お誕生日) makes the word sound more polite and considerate, especially when talking to someone else.
Don't confuse with birth year
Remember that '誕生日' focuses on the month and day. If you need to include the year, use '生年月日'.
Birthday celebrations in Japan
While traditions vary, it is common to give gifts and eat cake. Celebrating with family or friends is a special event.
Examples
4 of 4今日は私の誕生日です。
Today is my birthday.
お誕生日おめでとうございます。
Happy birthday.
誕生日パーティーをしよう。
Let's have a birthday party.
誕生日は個人の重要な記念日です。
A birthday is an important personal anniversary.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More family words
還暦
B160th birthday (celebration of completing a 60-year cycle).
〜くらい
B1About; approximately; to the extent that.
認め合う
B1To recognize each other's worth; to acknowledge.
知人
B1Acquaintance.
顔見知り
A2Acquaintance; someone you know by sight.
活発な
B1Active; lively; vigorous.
甘える
B1To be spoiled, to fawn; to behave like a pampered child.
思春期
B1Adolescence; the period of transition from childhood to adulthood.
養子
B1Adopted child; a child taken into one's family by legal means.
養親
B2Adoptive parent.