Hives (蕁麻疹) are temporary, itchy skin welts often caused by allergic reactions or stress.
Word in 30 Seconds
- A skin condition causing red, itchy, raised welts.
- Often triggered by allergies, stress, or physical stimuli.
- Symptoms typically appear suddenly and disappear within hours.
概要
蕁麻疹は、皮膚の毛細血管が拡張し、血液中の成分が漏れ出すことで皮膚が赤く腫れ上がる状態を指します。医学的には「膨疹（ぼうしん）」と呼ばれる盛り上がった発疹が特徴で、数分から数時間で消えることが多いですが、繰り返すこともあります。2) 使用パターン: 日常会話では「蕁麻疹が出る」という形で使われるのが最も一般的です。また、比喩的に「苦手なものや嫌なものを見て、体が拒否反応を起こす」という文脈で使われることもあります。3) 一般的な文脈: 病院の皮膚科での診察、あるいはアレルギー反応について話す際によく登場します。また、仕事や人間関係での強いストレスを感じた際に「ストレスで蕁麻疹が出た」と表現するケースも多いです。4) 類似語との比較: 「湿疹（しっしん）」は皮膚が荒れて赤くなったり水ぶくれができたりする状態を指し、蕁麻疹よりも治るまでに時間がかかるのが一般的です。蕁麻疹は短時間で出たり消えたりする「一過性」の症状であることが大きな違いです。
Examples
昨日、急に蕁麻疹が出てかゆくて眠れなかった。
everydayI suddenly got hives yesterday and couldn't sleep because of the itching.
アレルギー検査の結果、蕁麻疹の原因が判明しました。
formalThe cause of the hives was identified as a result of the allergy test.
あの人の顔を見るだけで蕁麻疹が出そう。
informalJust looking at that person makes me feel like I'm going to break out in hives.
慢性蕁麻疹の治療には抗ヒスタミン薬が用いられる。
academicAntihistamines are used for the treatment of chronic urticaria.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
ストレス性の蕁麻疹
stress-induced hives
蕁麻疹が引く
hives subside
Often Confused With
Eczema is a broader term for inflammatory skin conditions that often involve dryness, scaling, or blisters. It typically lasts longer than hives.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Use 'Jinmashin' in both clinical and casual settings. It is a standard medical term that is also widely understood by the general public. Always pair it with 'deru' when describing the symptom.
Common Mistakes
Don't confuse it with general rashes (hifuen). Many learners use it for any skin issue, but it specifically refers to the raised, itchy wheals that appear and disappear quickly.
Tips
Use with the verb deru
Always pair this noun with 'deru' (to appear). Say 'Jinmashin ga deta' to report you have hives.
Seek medical help if breathing
If you experience difficulty breathing along with hives, seek emergency care immediately. This could indicate a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis.
Common stress-related expression
Japanese speakers often use this term metaphorically to describe a strong physical aversion to a person or situation.
Word Origin
The term comes from the plant 'Jinma' (nettle), which causes a similar skin reaction when touched. It is a classic example of a medical term derived from botanical observation.
Cultural Context
In Japan, people often jokingly say they get hives when they are forced to do something they hate. It is a common hyperbole for stress or extreme discomfort.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Jin' as 'sting' and 'Ma' as 'hemp/nettle'. The word describes the reaction to the stinging nettle plant.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questionsいいえ、蕁麻疹はアレルギーやストレス、物理的刺激などが原因で起こるものであり、人から人へ感染することはありません。
まずは患部を冷やしてかゆみを抑え、早めに皮膚科を受診してください。原因を特定するために、いつ何を食べたかなどを記録しておくと役立ちます。
「蕁麻（じんま）」とはイラクサという植物のことで、この葉に触れると皮膚が赤く腫れ上がる症状に似ていることから名付けられました。
はい、自律神経の乱れや強いストレスが原因で蕁麻疹が出ることは珍しくありません。これを「心因性蕁麻疹」と呼ぶこともあります。
Test Yourself
昨日食べたエビが原因で、体に___が出た。
エビなどのアレルギー反応として皮膚に症状が出るのは蕁麻疹です。
「蕁麻疹」の特徴は何ですか？
蕁麻疹は一時的な皮膚の腫れが特徴です。
（ ストレスで / 出た / 蕁麻疹が / 私の体に ）
原因＋場所＋主語＋動詞の語順が自然です。
Score: /3
Summary
Hives (蕁麻疹) are temporary, itchy skin welts often caused by allergic reactions or stress.
- A skin condition causing red, itchy, raised welts.
- Often triggered by allergies, stress, or physical stimuli.
- Symptoms typically appear suddenly and disappear within hours.
Use with the verb deru
Always pair this noun with 'deru' (to appear). Say 'Jinmashin ga deta' to report you have hives.
Seek medical help if breathing
If you experience difficulty breathing along with hives, seek emergency care immediately. This could indicate a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis.
Common stress-related expression
Japanese speakers often use this term metaphorically to describe a strong physical aversion to a person or situation.
Examples
4 of 4昨日、急に蕁麻疹が出てかゆくて眠れなかった。
I suddenly got hives yesterday and couldn't sleep because of the itching.
アレルギー検査の結果、蕁麻疹の原因が判明しました。
The cause of the hives was identified as a result of the allergy test.
あの人の顔を見るだけで蕁麻疹が出そう。
Just looking at that person makes me feel like I'm going to break out in hives.
慢性蕁麻疹の治療には抗ヒスタミン薬が用いられる。
Antihistamines are used for the treatment of chronic urticaria.
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This Word in Other Languages
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