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A1 noun #3,000 most common 11 min read

履歴書

rirekisho Top 3,000

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 履歴書 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 履歴書 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize '履歴書' (rirekisho) as the word for a resume. They should understand that it is a document used when looking for a job. At this stage, the focus is on basic identification: 'This is my resume.' Learners might use it in simple sentences like 'Rirekisho o kakimasu' (I will write a resume). They should also be aware of the physical object—a piece of paper with a photo—and where to find it, such as at a convenience store. The goal is to connect the word to the act of job hunting or applying for a part-time position (arubaito). Vocabulary at this level is functional; knowing that you need a 'rirekisho' to get an interview is the key takeaway. Simple verbs like 'kaku' (write) and 'motsu' (have/bring) are paired with this noun. Cultural awareness includes knowing that a photo is necessary and that the document should be kept clean and unwrinkled.

At the A2 level, learners begin to use '履歴書' in more descriptive contexts. They can explain the process of preparing one: 'I bought a resume at the store,' or 'I am writing my resume now.' They understand the basic structure, such as 'gakureki' (educational history) and 'shokureki' (work history). A2 learners can follow simple instructions from an employer, such as 'Rirekisho o okutte kudasai' (Please send your resume). They also start to learn about the etiquette surrounding the document, such as not using correction tape and using a black ballpoint pen. At this level, the learner can ask basic questions about the resume, such as 'Where should I put the photo?' or 'Is this resume okay?' They are beginning to see the 'rirekisho' not just as a piece of paper, but as a formal communication tool between themselves and a potential employer.

At the B1 level, learners can discuss the specific contents and challenges of writing a '履歴書'. They can use the word in sentences about their qualifications, such as 'I wrote my JLPT results on my resume.' They understand the difference between 'rirekisho' and 'shokumu keirekisho' (work history) and can explain why both are important. B1 learners are capable of writing the 'motivation' (shibō dōki) section using standard formal Japanese (desu/masu). They can discuss the nuances of job hunting in Japan, including the importance of 'Self-PR'. They might use phrases like 'rirekisho o kōshin suru' (to update a resume) or 'rirekisho o burasshu appu suru' (to brush up a resume). At this stage, they are also aware of the timing of submissions and the appropriate way to mail a resume, including writing 'Rirekisho Zaichū' on the envelope.

At the B2 level, learners can handle complex discussions regarding the '履歴書'. They can analyze the effectiveness of a resume's layout and content. They use the word in professional contexts, such as 'rirekisho no senbetsu' (screening of resumes) or 'rirekisho ni motozuku shitsumon' (questions based on the resume). They can provide advice to others on how to tailor a resume for specific industries. B2 learners are proficient in using keigo (honorific language) throughout the document and can explain their career gaps or transitions persuasively. They understand the legal and ethical implications of the information provided in a 'rirekisho', such as privacy laws and the consequences of providing false information. They can also navigate digital application systems (ATS) and understand how 'Web rirekisho' differ from traditional paper ones.

At the C1 level, learners possess a deep understanding of the '履歴書' as a reflection of Japanese corporate culture and societal values. They can discuss the historical shift from handwritten to digital resumes and the psychological impact of this change on recruiters. They use the word in sophisticated debates about hiring practices, such as 'the meritocracy vs. the traditional resume-based screening.' C1 learners can write highly persuasive and nuanced 'Self-PR' sections that align perfectly with a company's 'philosophy' (keiei rinen). They are sensitive to the subtle connotations of different word choices within the resume. They can also interpret the 'unwritten rules' of the rirekisho, such as how to present non-traditional career paths or 'freeter' (permanent part-time worker) backgrounds in the most professional light possible.

At the C2 level, the learner has a near-native grasp of the '履歴書' and its place in the broader socioeconomic landscape of Japan. They can discuss the document's role in the 'lifetime employment system' and how its importance has evolved alongside changes in the labor market. They can critique the standardization of the JIS format from a sociological perspective or discuss the legal nuances of 'rirekisho' in labor disputes. C2 learners can act as mentors or consultants, helping others navigate the most complex hiring processes at top-tier Japanese firms. Their understanding of the word extends to its usage in literature, legal documents, and high-level business negotiations. They can discuss the 'philosophy of the resume'—how a single document attempts to encapsulate a human being's worth and potential within a corporate framework.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

履歴書 in 30 Seconds

履歴書 (Rirekisho) is the Japanese word for a resume or CV, essential for job hunting.
It follows a very strict, standardized format (JIS) and almost always requires a professional photo.
The document covers personal info, education, work history, and a section for self-promotion.
Etiquette is vital: no white-out, black ink only, and professional tone throughout.

The term 履歴書 (りれきしょ - Rirekisho) is the Japanese equivalent of a resume or curriculum vitae. To understand its profound importance in Japanese society, one must look at the individual kanji characters that compose the word. The first character, 履 (ri), carries meanings related to 'performing,' 'carrying out,' or 'footsteps.' The second character, 歴 (reki), refers to 'passage of time,' 'history,' or 'continuation.' Finally, 書 (sho) means 'document' or 'writing.' Together, they form a 'document of one's personal path and history.' Unlike in some Western cultures where a resume might be a flexible marketing document, the Japanese rirekisho has traditionally been a highly standardized, almost sacred record of a person's life stages. It is used primarily during the job-hunting process (shūkatsu), but it is also required for part-time jobs (arubaito), school admissions, and even some formal membership applications.

Standardization: In Japan, resumes often follow a specific layout known as the JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) format. You can buy these pre-printed forms at convenience stores or stationery shops. This consistency allows recruiters to find specific information, such as graduation dates or certifications, in the exact same spot on every applicant's form.

アルバイトの面接に行くときは、必ず履歴書を持ってきてください。(Please be sure to bring your resume when you come for the part-time job interview.)

One of the most distinctive features of a Japanese rirekisho is the mandatory photograph. A professional, passport-sized photo (usually 3cm x 4cm) must be glued to the top right corner. The applicant is expected to wear a dark suit and maintain a neutral or slightly positive expression. This photo is considered a reflection of the applicant's professionalism and 'seriousness' (majimesa). In recent years, digital submissions have become more common, but the structure remains largely the same as the paper version. Even in the digital age, the 'handwritten' (te-gaki) resume is still sometimes preferred by more traditional companies, as they believe the neatness of the handwriting reveals the applicant's character and attention to detail.

The Role of the Hanko: Historically, a rirekisho required a personal seal (hanko) next to the name. While this requirement is fading in modern corporate Japan to streamline processes, some traditional sectors still expect it as a sign of official verification.

履歴書の学歴欄には、高校卒業から書き始めるのが一般的です。(In the education section of the resume, it is common to start from high school graduation.)

Beyond the basic facts of education and employment, the rirekisho includes sections for 'Motivation for Application' (shibō dōki) and 'Self-Promotion' (jiko PR). These sections are where the applicant explains why they want the specific role and what unique skills they bring. Unlike Western resumes that might use bullet points for achievements, Japanese resumes often use short, humble, yet descriptive paragraphs. The tone must be formal (keigo), demonstrating the applicant's ability to navigate Japanese social and professional hierarchies. Failing to use the correct honorifics in a resume is a major red flag for employers.

The 'Blank Period': Japanese recruiters are very sensitive to gaps in a resume (kūhaku kikan). If there is a period where you were not working or studying, you are often expected to provide a brief explanation within the document or be prepared to explain it in detail during the interview.

昨日、新しい履歴書を完成させました。(I finished my new resume yesterday.)

Using 履歴書 correctly involves pairing it with specific verbs that describe the lifecycle of the document. The most common action is 'writing' a resume, which is rirekisho o kaku (履歴書を書く). However, in a formal or digital context, you might use sakusei suru (作成する - to create/prepare). When you are ready to give the document to an employer, you use dasu (出す - to submit) or teishutsu suru (提出する - to formally submit). If you are sending it via mail, you use okuru (送る) or yūsō suru (郵送する). In the modern era of email, 'attaching' a resume is tenpu suru (添付する).

Common Verb Pairings: 1. 履歴書を書く (To write a resume)
2. 履歴書を送る (To send a resume)
3. 履歴書を出す (To hand in/submit a resume)
4. 履歴書を修正する (To revise/edit a resume)

メールに履歴書を添付して送ってください。(Please attach your resume to the email and send it.)

When discussing the content of the resume, you might talk about 'filling in' specific sections. The word for 'column' or 'section' is ran (欄). For example, shibō dōki-ran is the section for your motivation for applying. If you want to say 'Your resume is impressive,' you could say subarashii rirekisho desu ne. If a company asks you to bring one to an interview, they will say rirekisho o jisan shite kudasai (履歴書を持参してください), where jisan is a formal word for 'bringing something with you.'

Contextual Usage: Part-time vs. Full-time: For a part-time job (arubaito), you might just say 'Rirekisho kaimashita' (I bought a resume form). For a career position, you would say 'Rirekisho o burasshu appu shimashita' (I brushed up/improved my resume).

彼は履歴書に嘘を書いたので、不採用になった。(He wrote a lie on his resume, so he wasn't hired.)

In formal business writing, you might see the phrase rirekisho go-jū (履歴書在中), which is written on the outside of an envelope to indicate 'Resume Enclosed.' This is a critical piece of etiquette; it tells the mailroom or the HR department exactly what the document is without them having to open it first. Another important phrase is rirekisho o kōshin suru (履歴書を更新する), meaning to update one's resume with new skills or experiences. In the competitive Japanese job market, keeping a 'living' resume is considered a sign of a proactive professional.

You will encounter the word 履歴書 in various real-world scenarios in Japan. The most common place is at a konbini (convenience store). If you walk to the stationery section, you will see packs of 'Rirekisho' for sale, usually including the envelope and the glue for the photo. This highlights how accessible and standardized the process is. You will also hear this word frequently at university career centers (shūshoku ka), where advisors give workshops on how to fill them out correctly. They might say, 'Rirekisho no kakikata kōza' (Seminar on how to write a resume).

In the Office: In an office setting, HR managers (jinjibu) often discuss 'rirekisho no senbetsu' (screening resumes). You might hear a manager say, 'Kono hito no rirekisho, sugoku kirei da ne' (This person's resume is very clean/well-organized), which usually refers to both the content and the physical presentation.

面接の前に、もう一度履歴書を確認してください。(Please check your resume once more before the interview.)

Another place you'll hear it is in Japanese dramas or anime, particularly those focused on 'slice of life' or workplace themes. Characters who are struggling to find work are often shown sitting at a desk late at night, painstakingly writing their rirekisho by hand, often sighing as they make a mistake and have to start over from scratch (since using correction tape is generally frowned upon on a formal resume). This cultural trope emphasizes the effort and sincerity expected in the Japanese job-hunting process.

Digital Contexts: On job-seeking websites like Rikunabi or Mynavi, you will see buttons that say 'Rirekisho o tōroku' (Register resume) or 'Web rirekisho' (Web resume). Even in a purely digital format, the name remains the same.

コンビニで履歴書のセットを買ってきました。(I bought a resume set at the convenience store.)

You might also hear the word during 'Arubaito' (part-time job) inquiries. When you call a shop to ask about a position, the manager might say, 'Rirekisho o motte, ashita no ni-ji ni kite kudasai' (Bring your resume and come tomorrow at 2:00). In this context, the word represents the first official step in the relationship between employer and employee. It is the 'ticket' that gets you through the door for an interview.

For English speakers, the most significant mistake is confusing the 履歴書 (Rirekisho) with the 職務経歴書 (Shokumu Keirekisho). While Westerners often use 'resume' and 'CV' interchangeably, in Japan, they are two distinct documents. The rirekisho is a general overview of your life (birthdate, address, education, basic work history), while the shokumu keirekisho is a detailed document focusing specifically on your professional achievements, skills, and projects. If a company asks for 'shorui' (documents), they usually mean both.

The 'Correction Tape' Faux Pas: In many Western cultures, a small correction on a paper form is no big deal. In Japan, using correction fluid (white-out) or tape on a handwritten rirekisho is considered highly unprofessional. If you make a mistake, you are expected to start over on a fresh sheet. This shows your 'seriousness' and attention to detail.

修正テープを使った履歴書は、マナー違反とされます。(A resume using correction tape is considered a breach of etiquette.)

Another common error involves the photograph. Using a 'selfie' or a casual photo from a social gathering is a guaranteed way to have your application rejected. The photo must be professional. Furthermore, the photo must be glued straight; a crooked photo suggests a lack of care. English speakers also sometimes forget to use 'desu/masu' or 'keigo' in the motivation sections, writing in a casual style that is inappropriate for a formal document. Always ensure your dates are correct; confusing the year you entered a school with the year you graduated is a frequent but avoidable mistake.

The 'Empty Columns' Mistake: Leaving a section completely blank can look like you forgot it. If a section doesn't apply to you (like 'Special Skills'), it's better to write 'Tokuni nashi' (Nothing in particular) rather than leaving it empty.

履歴書に空欄があると、書き忘れだと思われます。(If there are blank spaces in your resume, it will be thought that you forgot to write them.)

Lastly, be aware of the 'Self-PR' section. English speakers often focus on what the company can do for them or their personal career goals. In a Japanese rirekisho, the focus should be on how your skills will contribute to the company's success. It's a subtle shift from 'I want to learn' to 'I want to contribute.' Balancing confidence with humility is the key to a successful Japanese resume.

While 履歴書 is the standard term, there are several related words that you should know to navigate the Japanese professional world effectively. Understanding the nuances between these terms will help you provide the right document at the right time.

履歴書 vs. 職務経歴書: 履歴書 (Rirekisho): A basic biographical record. Fixed format. Includes a photo. Used for identity and basic history.
職務経歴書 (Shokumu Keirekisho): A detailed work history. Flexible format. Focuses on specific projects, skills, and professional achievements. Usually 1-2 pages of A4 paper.

中途採用では、履歴書と職務経歴書の両方が必要です。(For mid-career hiring, both a resume and a work history document are required.)

Another term you will encounter, especially if you are a student, is エントリーシート (Entry Sheet), often abbreviated as 'ES'. While a rirekisho is a standard government-style form, an Entry Sheet is a company-specific application form. It often contains complex essay questions designed to test your personality and fit for that specific company's culture. You might be asked, 'Describe a time you overcame a challenge' or 'What is your dream for ten years from now?'

エントリーシート (Entry Sheet): Used primarily by large corporations during the mass hiring of new graduates (shinsotsu). It is much more descriptive and subjective than a standard rirekisho.

人気企業のエントリーシートを書くのは大変です。(Writing entry sheets for popular companies is hard work.)

For more casual settings or creative fields, you might use プロフィール (Profile) or 経歴 (Keireki). Keireki refers to one's background or career history in a general sense, often used in introductions. For example, 'Kare no keireki wa subarashii' (His background is wonderful). In the context of a portfolio for a designer or artist, sakuhinshū (collection of works) is used alongside a profile. However, for any official employment, the rirekisho remains the foundational document.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In the early 20th century, resumes were often much more personal, sometimes including details about one's family lineage and health, reflecting a different era of social scrutiny.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ri.re.ki.ɕo/

US /ri.re.ki.ʃoʊ/

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In 'Rirekisho', the pitch is generally flat (Heiban style), meaning the syllables are pronounced with relatively equal stress and a consistent pitch level.

Rhymes With

秘書 (Hisho - Secretary) 辞書 (Jisho - Dictionary) 司書 (Shisho - Librarian) 読書 (Dokusho - Reading) 清書 (Seisho - Fair copy) 文書 (Bunsho - Document) 遺書 (Isho - Will/Testament) 著書 (Chosho - Literary work)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'ri' as 'ree' (too long).
Pronouncing 'sho' as 'show-uh' (adding a schwa).
Stressing the first syllable like 'RI-rekisho'.
Mixing up 're' and 'ri'.
Failing to pronounce the 'ki' clearly.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

The kanji are common but require attention to the strokes in '履' and '歴'.

Writing 4/5

Writing the kanji '履' and '歴' by hand is difficult for beginners.

Speaking 2/5

The 'ri-re' sequence can be a tongue-twister for some.

Listening 1/5

Very distinct sound, easy to recognize in context.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

仕事 (Work) 書く (Write) 写真 (Photo) 会社 (Company) 名前 (Name)

Learn Next

面接 (Interview) 採用 (Hiring) 志望動機 (Reason for applying) 自己PR (Self-promotion) 職種 (Job type)

Advanced

職務経歴書 (Work history CV) 厚生年金 (Welfare pension) 源泉徴収票 (Tax withholding slip) 雇用契約書 (Employment contract)

Grammar to Know

Noun + を + Verb (Object Marker)

履歴書を書く。

Noun + に + Verb (Location/Target)

履歴書に名前を書く。

Te-form for sequences

履歴書を買って、家で書きました。

Honorifics (Keigo) in Business

履歴書を拝受いたしました。

Relative Clauses

昨日書いた履歴書をなくしました。

Examples by Level

これは私の履歴書です。

This is my resume.

Simple noun 'A wa B desu' structure.

履歴書を書きます。

I will write a resume.

Noun + object marker 'o' + verb 'kaku'.

履歴書をください。

Please give me a resume (form).

Requesting an object using 'o kudasai'.

履歴書に写真をはります。

I will stick a photo on the resume.

Using 'ni' to indicate the location of the action.

履歴書はどこですか。

Where is the resume?

Asking for location using 'wa doko desu ka'.

履歴書を持ってきました。

I brought my resume.

Using the 'te-form' of 'motsu' (to hold) + 'kuru' (to come) to mean 'bring'.

きれいな履歴書ですね。

It's a clean/neat resume, isn't it?

Adjective 'kirei-na' modifying the noun.

履歴書を買いました。

I bought a resume.

Past tense of 'kau' (to buy).

明日までに履歴書を完成させたいです。

I want to finish my resume by tomorrow.

Using 'made ni' for a deadline and '-tai' for desire.

履歴書の書き方を教えてください。

Please teach me how to write a resume.

'-kata' suffix meaning 'way of doing'.

コンビニで履歴書が売っています。

Resumes are sold at convenience stores.

Intransitive verb 'uru' in 'te-iru' form to show state.

履歴書を郵送しました。

I sent the resume by mail.

Formal verb 'yūsō suru' (to mail).

履歴書に間違いがありました。

There was a mistake on the resume.

Noun 'machigai' (mistake) + 'ga aru' (there is).

履歴書をもう一度チェックします。

I will check the resume one more time.

Adverb 'mō ichido' (one more time).

古い履歴書を捨てました。

I threw away my old resume.

Adjective 'furui' (old) modifying the noun.

履歴書に資格を書きました。

I wrote my qualifications on the resume.

Noun 'shikaku' (qualification).

履歴書を送る前に、誤字脱字がないか確認しましょう。

Before sending your resume, let's check if there are any typos or missing characters.

Using 'mae ni' (before) and 'ka' for indirect questions.

履歴書の志望動機を考えるのに時間がかかります。

It takes time to think about the motivation for applying on the resume.

Using 'no ni' to indicate purpose or context for time/effort.

手書きの履歴書を指定する会社もまだあります。

There are still companies that specify a handwritten resume.

Using 'te-gaki' (handwritten) and 'shitei suru' (to specify).

履歴書に貼る写真は、三ヶ月以内に撮ったものにしてください。

The photo you paste on the resume should be one taken within the last three months.

Relative clause 'sankagetsu inai ni totta' modifying 'mono'.

履歴書のテンプレートをインターネットからダウンロードしました。

I downloaded a resume template from the internet.

Katakana word 'tenpurēto' (template).

履歴書には、嘘を書いてはいけません。

You must not write lies on your resume.

Prohibition form '-te wa ikemasen'.

履歴書と職務経歴書をセットで提出してください。

Please submit the resume and work history as a set.

Using 'setto de' (as a set).

履歴書の封筒には「履歴書在中」と書きましょう。

Write 'Resume Enclosed' on the resume's envelope.

Quotation marker 'to' + 'kakimashō'.

履歴書の内容が不十分だと、書類選考で落とされる可能性があります。

If the content of your resume is insufficient, there is a possibility you will be rejected during the document screening.

Conditional 'to' and passive 'otosareru' (to be dropped/rejected).

履歴書をブラッシュアップして、自分の強みを強調しましょう。

Brush up your resume and emphasize your strengths.

Using 'kyōchō suru' (to emphasize).

面接官は履歴書の自己PR欄を非常に重視しています。

Interviewers place great importance on the self-promotion section of the resume.

Using 'jūshi suru' (to value/place importance on).

履歴書に記載されている経歴について詳しく説明してください。

Please explain in detail the career history listed on your resume.

Passive form 'kisai sarete iru' (is recorded/listed).

最近では、手書きよりもパソコンで作成した履歴書が一般的です。

Nowadays, resumes created on a computer are more common than handwritten ones.

Comparison structure 'A yori mo B ga ippanteki desu'.

履歴書の賞罰欄には、特に書くことがなければ「なし」と記入します。

In the rewards and punishments section of the resume, write 'None' if you have nothing specific to write.

Conditional 'nakerba' (if there isn't).

履歴書を提出する際は、必ずコピーを一部取っておきましょう。

When submitting your resume, be sure to keep a copy for yourself.

Using 'sai' (formal 'when') and '-te oku' (do in advance).

履歴書のフォーマットは、応募する職種に合わせて選ぶべきです。

You should choose the resume format according to the type of job you are applying for.

Using 'beki' (should) and 'ni awasete' (according to).

履歴書の行間から、その人の仕事に対する姿勢が読み取れることもあります。

Sometimes, a person's attitude toward work can be read between the lines of their resume.

Idiomatic use of 'gyōkan' (between the lines).

履歴書は単なる経歴の羅列ではなく、自分という商品を売るためのプレゼン資料です。

A resume is not just a list of career history; it is a presentation document for selling yourself as a product.

Negative 'de wa naku' (is not A but B).

履歴書における空白期間をどうポジティブに解釈させるかが、転職成功の鍵です。

How you have the employer positively interpret the blank periods in your resume is the key to a successful career change.

Causative form 'kaishaku saseru' (make someone interpret).

履歴書の「特技」の欄一つで、面接の雰囲気が大きく変わることも珍しくありません。

It is not uncommon for the atmosphere of an interview to change significantly based on just one entry in the 'Special Skills' section of a resume.

Double negative 'mezurashiku arimasen' (is not rare).

外資系企業に応募する場合、日本語の履歴書に加えて、英文のレジュメも必要になります。

When applying to foreign-affiliated companies, an English resume is required in addition to the Japanese one.

Using 'ni kuwaete' (in addition to).

履歴書の記載内容に虚偽があった場合、採用が取り消されるだけでなく、解雇の理由にもなり得ます。

If there is any falsehood in the content of the resume, not only can the job offer be rescinded, but it can also become grounds for dismissal.

Structure 'A dake de naku B mo' and 'uru/ari-uru' (possible).

履歴書という形式化された枠組みの中で、いかに個性を表現するかが問われています。

Within the formalized framework of a resume, the question is how to express one's individuality.

Passive 'towarete iru' (is being questioned/demanded).

履歴書を精査した結果、彼女がプロジェクトに最適な人材であると確信しました。

As a result of scrutinizing her resume, I became convinced that she is the ideal person for the project.

Formal verb 'seisa suru' (to scrutinize).

履歴書というドキュメントは、日本の雇用慣行と深く結びついており、その変遷は労働市場の歴史そのものです。

The document known as a resume is deeply linked to Japanese employment practices, and its evolution is the very history of the labor market.

Sophisticated noun phrase 'X to iu Y' (The Y called X).

AIによる履歴書の自動スクリーニングが導入される中、人間味のある記述の価値が再評価されています。

With the introduction of automatic resume screening by AI, the value of descriptions with a human touch is being re-evaluated.

Using 'naka' to show a background situation.

履歴書における情報の取捨選択は、応募者の優先順位と論理的思考能力を如実に物語っています。

The selection and omission of information in a resume clearly tell the story of the applicant's priorities and logical thinking abilities.

Adverb 'nyojitsu ni' (vividly/clearly) and 'monogataru' (to tell/narrate).

性別や年齢、顔写真といった、従来の履歴書における必須項目が、多様性の観点から議論の的となっています。

Mandatory items in traditional resumes, such as gender, age, and a face photo, have become subjects of debate from the perspective of diversity.

Noun listing 'A ya B, C to itta D' (D such as A, B, and C).

履歴書の「志望動機」は、個人のキャリアビジョンと企業の経営戦略の交差点であるべきです。

The 'motivation' in a resume should be the intersection of an individual's career vision and a company's management strategy.

Metaphorical use of 'kōsaten' (intersection).

終身雇用が崩壊しつつある現代において、履歴書は一生に一度のものではなく、常に更新し続けるべきキャリアの地図となりました。

In an era where lifetime employment is collapsing, the resume is no longer a once-in-a-lifetime thing, but has become a map of a career that should be constantly updated.

Using 'tsutsu aru' (in the process of).

履歴書の内容を裏付けるためのリファレンスチェックが、日本でも徐々に普及し始めています。

Reference checks to verify the contents of a resume are gradually beginning to spread in Japan as well.

Compound verb 'fukyū shi-hajimete iru' (starting to spread).

履歴書は、過去の自分を総括し、未来の自分を定義するための、哲学的とも言える自己対話の産物です。

A resume is the product of a self-dialogue that could even be called philosophical, used to summarize one's past self and define one's future self.

Using 'to mo ieru' (can even be said to be).

Synonyms

レジュメ職務経歴書身上書エントリーシート CV

Antonyms

求人票辞表

Common Collocations

履歴書を書く

履歴書を送る

履歴書を添付する

履歴書を持参する

履歴書を更新する

履歴書を修正する

履歴書を提出する

履歴書を拝見する

履歴書をスクリーニングする

履歴書を作成する

Common Phrases

履歴書在中

— Written on envelopes to indicate a resume is inside. Essential for mail etiquette.

封筒の左下に「履歴書在中」と赤ペンで書く。

履歴書用写真

— A professional ID photo specifically for use on a resume.

履歴書用の写真を撮りに行った。

履歴書の書き方

— The method or guide for writing a resume.

履歴書の書き方をネットで調べる。

手書きの履歴書

— A resume written by hand, often considered more sincere in Japan.

手書きの履歴書は時間がかかる。

履歴書テンプレート

— A digital template for creating a resume.

使いやすい履歴書テンプレートを探す。

履歴書不要

— A phrase used in job ads meaning 'No resume required'.

このバイトは履歴書不要だ。

履歴書の学歴欄

— The education history section of the resume.

履歴書の学歴欄を記入する。

履歴書の職歴欄

— The work history section of the resume.

職歴欄が足りなくなった。

履歴書の志望動機

— The 'reason for applying' section of the resume.

志望動機が一番重要だ。

履歴書の自己PR

— The 'self-promotion' section of the resume.

自己PRで自分の強みを伝える。

Often Confused With

履歴書 vs 職務経歴書

Rirekisho is a general history; Shokumu Keirekisho is a detailed work history focused on skills.

履歴書 vs エントリーシート

Rirekisho is a standard form; Entry Sheet is a company-specific application with essays.

履歴書 vs プロフィール

Rirekisho is for formal jobs; Profile is for social media or creative introductions.

Idioms & Expressions

"履歴書を汚す"

— To 'stain' one's resume; to do something that makes one's career history look bad (like being fired or having a short tenure).

一ヶ月で辞めると、履歴書を汚すことになる。

Informal/Professional

"履歴書が通る"

— To pass the initial resume screening phase.

やっと履歴書が通って、面接に呼ばれた。

Neutral

"履歴書に傷がつく"

— Similar to 'staining', but often refers to a specific negative event or gap.

不祥事で履歴書に傷がついた。

Neutral

"履歴書を盛る"

— To exaggerate or 'embellish' one's achievements on a resume (slang).

TOEICの点数を少し盛って履歴書に書いた。

Slang

"履歴書で見せる"

— To impress purely through the strength of one's background on paper.

彼は面接は苦手だが、履歴書で見せるタイプだ。

Neutral

"履歴書を洗う"

— To investigate someone's background thoroughly (often used in police or detective contexts).

容疑者の履歴書を洗う。

Neutral/Dramatic

"履歴書が歩く"

— Used to describe someone whose reputation or impressive background precedes them.

彼は履歴書が歩いているようなエリートだ。

Metaphorical

"履歴書を飾る"

— To add an impressive achievement to one's record.

留学経験で履歴書を飾る。

Neutral

"履歴書を投げ捨てる"

— To give up on a career path or a specific job search.

挫折して履歴書を投げ捨てたくなった。

Emotive

"履歴書を書き換える"

— To fundamentally change one's career direction or start fresh.

新しい資格を取って、履歴書を書き換える。

Figurative

Easily Confused

履歴書 vs 歴 (Reki)

Looks like similar kanji like 暦 (Koyomi - Calendar).

歴 refers to history/passage; 暦 refers to the calendar system itself. In 'rirekisho', we always use 歴.

歴史 (history) vs. 西暦 (Western calendar).

履歴書 vs 履 (Ri)

Rare kanji, often confused with 復 (Fuku - Return).

履 is about 'performing' or 'footwear'; 復 is about 'repeating' or 'returning'.

履歴 (history) vs. 復習 (review).

履歴書 vs 経歴 (Keireki)

Both mean 'history'.

Rirekisho is the physical document; Keireki is the abstract concept of your background.

履歴書に経歴を書く (Write your history on the resume).

履歴書 vs 志望動機 (Shibō dōki)

Part of the resume.

Rirekisho is the whole paper; Shibō dōki is just the 'reason for applying' section.

履歴書の中で志望動機が一番難しい。

履歴書 vs 自己PR (Jiko PR)

Part of the resume.

Rirekisho is the whole paper; Jiko PR is the 'self-promotion' section.

履歴書に自己PRを書く。

Sentence Patterns

[Noun] は [Noun] です。

これは私の履歴書です。

[Noun] を [Verb]。

履歴書を書きました。

[Noun] に [Noun] があります。

履歴書に間違いがあります。

[Verb-dictionary] 前に、[Clause]。

履歴書を送る前に、もう一度確認します。

[Verb-te] ください。

履歴書をメールで送ってください。

[Noun] に基づいて [Verb]。

履歴書に基づいて質問します。

[Clause] ということは、[Clause]。

履歴書に空白があるということは、理由があるはずだ。

[Noun] を通じて [Noun] を [Verb]。

履歴書を通じて、自身のキャリアを再定義する。

Word Family

Nouns

履物 (Hakamono - Footwear)

歴史 (Rekishi - History)

経歴 (Keireki - Career history)

書類 (Shorui - Documents)

書き手 (Kakite - Writer)

Verbs

履く (Haku - To wear on feet/legs)

履行する (Rikō suru - To fulfill/perform)

書く (Kaku - To write)

書き留める (Kakitomeru - To write down/note)

Adjectives

歴史的な (Rekishiteki-na - Historical)

書面での (Shomen de no - In writing)

面接 (Mensetsu - Interview)

採用 (Saiyō - Hiring)

就職 (Shūshoku - Finding employment)

資格 (Shikaku - Qualification)

志望動機 (Shibō dōki - Motivation for applying)

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely high in professional and adult education contexts.

Common Mistakes

Using correction tape. → Starting over on a new sheet.
White-out is seen as a sign of laziness or lack of preparation in Japanese business culture.
Using a casual photo. → Using a professional suit photo.
A casual photo suggests you don't take the job or the company's culture seriously.
Leaving 'Self-PR' blank. → Writing 'Tokuni nashi' or a short paragraph.
An empty box looks like a mistake. If you have nothing, write 'Nothing in particular' (though you should always try to write something!).
Mixing Western and Japanese years. → Sticking to one system (e.g., all 2023 or all Reiwa 5).
Consistency is a hallmark of a professional Japanese document.
Writing in 'Da/De aru' style. → Writing in 'Desu/Masu' style.
The 'Da/De aru' style can sound overly assertive or arrogant in a resume context.

Tips

The Ink Rule

Always use a black ballpoint pen or a fountain pen. Never use a pencil or erasable pen, as these are not considered valid for official, permanent records.

Photo Quality

Don't use a photo from a sticker booth (purikura). Use a proper ID photo booth or a professional photographer. Wear a suit, even if the job itself is casual.

Alignment

When writing by hand, use a ruler to keep your lines straight if the form doesn't have guidelines. Neatness is often equated with a serious work ethic.

Self-PR

Focus your Self-PR on 'contribution'. Instead of just saying you are good at English, explain how your English skills will help the company expand its business.

Use Keigo

The entire resume should be in 'Desu/Masu' style at a minimum. For the motivation and self-PR sections, using humble forms (Kenjōgo) can show high linguistic competence.

Clear Files

Always place your resume in a clear plastic folder (clear file) before putting it in the envelope. This prevents it from getting wrinkled or wet during transit.

Date Accuracy

Double-check the graduation years. Japanese school years start in April and end in March, which can be confusing for those from Western systems.

Draft First

If writing by hand, make a photocopy of the blank form and practice on that first. This prevents wasting the official forms due to simple mistakes.

Certifications

List your JLPT level clearly. If you are waiting for results, you can write 'JLPT N1 results pending' (JLPT N1結果待ち).

PDF Format

If sending a digital resume, always convert it to a PDF. This ensures the formatting stays exactly as you intended, regardless of the recipient's software.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'RE-RE-KEY-SHOW'. You are RE-tracing your RE-cord to find the KEY to SHOW the boss you are the best candidate.

Visual Association

Imagine a pair of shoes (履) walking through a timeline (歴) that is then captured inside a book (書).

Word Web

Work History Education Photo Interview Standard Paper Career

Challenge

Try to say 'Rirekisho o kakimasu' five times fast without tripping over the 'ri' and 're' sounds.

Word Origin

The word '履歴書' is a Sino-Japanese (Kango) compound. It combines '履歴' (rireki), meaning personal history or track record, with '書' (sho), meaning document. The concept of a formal written record for employment gained prominence during the Meiji era as Japan modernized its administrative and corporate structures.

Original meaning: A document recording one's path or footsteps through life.

Japonic (Sino-Japanese compound).

Cultural Context

Be careful when asking about gaps in a Japanese person's resume; it can be a sensitive topic related to mental health or family issues.

In the US/UK, a resume is a marketing tool that can be highly customized. In Japan, it's more like a legal affidavit of your history.

The 'Rirekisho' section in the Nikkei Newspaper where CEOs write their life stories. Numerous 'how-to' books in Japanese bookstores dedicated solely to this one document. Dramas like 'Haken no Hinkaku' which highlight the divide between temporary workers and those with elite resumes.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Job Interview

履歴書を持ってきました。
履歴書の内容について質問があります。
履歴書を拝見しました。
履歴書をこちらにお出しください。

At a Convenience Store

履歴書はどこにありますか？
履歴書のセットを一つください。
履歴書用の写真を撮りたいです。
履歴書をコピーしたいです。

Applying Online

履歴書をアップロードする。
Web履歴書を作成する。
履歴書をPDFで送る。
履歴書のデータを保存する。

Career Counseling

履歴書の添削をお願いします。
履歴書の書き方がわかりません。
履歴書をブラッシュアップしたい。
履歴書の印象を良くしたい。

Mailing a Document

封筒に履歴書を入れる。
履歴書在中と書く。
履歴書を速達で送る。
履歴書が届いたか確認する。

Conversation Starters

"履歴書の準備はもう終わった？ (Have you finished preparing your resume yet?)"

"履歴書の写真、どこで撮ったの？ (Where did you take your resume photo?)"

"履歴書に書けるような資格、何か持ってる？ (Do you have any qualifications you can write on your resume?)"

"手書きの履歴書って、やっぱり大変だよね？ (Writing a resume by hand is tough, isn't it?)"

"履歴書の志望動機、何て書けばいいかな？ (What should I write for the motivation section of the resume?)"

Journal Prompts

今日、初めて日本語で履歴書を書いてみた感想を教えてください。 (Tell me your thoughts on writing a resume in Japanese for the first time today.)

あなたの履歴書の中で、一番自信がある部分はどこですか？ (What part of your resume are you most confident in?)

履歴書に「特技」として書くなら、何を書きますか？ (If you were to write a 'Special Skill' on your resume, what would it be?)

将来、どんな履歴書（経歴）を作っていきたいですか？ (What kind of resume/career history do you want to build in the future?)

日本の履歴書の写真文化について、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about the photo culture on Japanese resumes?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, computer-generated resumes are now widely accepted and even preferred in tech and international companies. However, some traditional Japanese firms still value handwritten resumes as a sign of effort and character. It is best to check the company's specific requirements.

In Japan, a photo is almost always mandatory for a standard rirekisho. It helps recruiters associate a face with the name and is considered part of the formal presentation. Ensure it is a professional shot in a suit.

The most common sizes are A4 (folded into A3) or B5 (folded into B4). Most convenience stores sell the 'JIS Standard' B5 size, but A4 is becoming more common for corporate roles.

It means 'Resume Enclosed'. It should be written in red ink on the bottom left of the front of the envelope. This ensures the recipient knows the importance of the document immediately.

No, black ink is the strict standard for formal documents in Japan. Using a blue pen may make your resume look unprofessional or like a draft.

You can use either the Western calendar (e.g., 2023) or the Japanese era system (e.g., Reiwa 5). The most important rule is consistency—do not switch between systems within the same document.

It is best to be honest. If the gap was for study, travel, or family care, you can note that briefly. In Japan, long unexplained gaps (kūhaku kikan) are often viewed with curiosity by recruiters.

Most modern templates no longer have a space for a hanko (印), and many companies have moved away from this requirement. However, if your form has an '印' mark, you should use your personal seal.

Yes. When bringing a resume to an interview, keep it in a clear file inside a clean white envelope. When it's time to hand it over, take it out of the envelope and present it to the interviewer with both hands.

Yes, even for simple part-time jobs (arubaito) at a cafe or convenience store, you will usually be asked to bring a 'rirekisho'. It can be a simpler version bought at the store.