A1 Case System 1 min read Leicht

Direct Objects in the Accusative

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The Accusative case (Galininkas) marks the direct object receiving the action of the verb.

  • Use Accusative for the direct object: 'Aš skaitau knygą' (I read a book).
  • Masculine nouns ending in -as become -ą: 'Stalas' -> 'Stalą'.
  • Feminine nouns ending in -a become -ą: 'Knyga' -> 'Knygą'.
Subject + Verb + Object(-ą)

Meanings

The Accusative case indicates the direct object of a transitive verb, showing who or what is being acted upon.

1

Direct Object

The entity directly affected by the verb action.

“Jis geria kavą.”

“Mes matome namą.”

Accusative Noun Endings

Gender Nominative Accusative Example (Nom) Example (Acc)
Masculine -as Stalas Stalą
Masculine -is Brolis Brolį
Feminine -a Knyga Knygą
Feminine Gėlė Gėlę
Neuter -as Langas Langą
Plural -ai -us Stalai Stalus

Reference Table

Reference table for Direct Objects in the Accusative
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subj + Verb + Obj(Acc) Aš perku obuolį.
Negative Subj + ne + Verb + Obj(Acc) Aš neperku obuolio.
Question Ar + Subj + Verb + Obj(Acc)? Ar perki obuolį?
Short Answer Taip/Ne + Obj(Acc) Taip, obuolį.
Plural Obj Subj + Verb + Obj(Acc-Pl) Aš perku obuolius.

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
Aš perku duoną.

Aš perku duoną. (Shopping)

Neutral
Perku duoną.

Perku duoną. (Shopping)

Informell
Imu duoną.

Imu duoną. (Shopping)

Umgangssprache
Griebiu duoną.

Griebiu duoną. (Shopping)

The Accusative Flow

Verb Action

Target

  • Knyga Book

Result

  • Knygą Book (Acc)

Examples by Level

1

Aš valgau obuolį.

I am eating an apple.

2

Ji perka knygą.

She is buying a book.

3

Mes matome namą.

We see a house.

4

Jis geria vandenį.

He is drinking water.

1

Ar tu skaitai laikraštį?

Are you reading the newspaper?

2

Aš neperku šio automobilį.

I am not buying this car.

3

Mokinys rašo laišką.

The student is writing a letter.

4

Mes lankome muziejų.

We are visiting the museum.

1

Aš laukiau visą valandą.

I waited for a whole hour.

2

Jis žiūri į dangų.

He is looking at the sky.

3

Ji eina į parduotuvę.

She is going to the store.

4

Mes praleidome visą dieną.

We spent the whole day.

1

Jis pasuko automobilį į dešinę.

He turned the car to the right.

2

Ji įdėjo laišką į voką.

She put the letter into the envelope.

3

Mes pasiekėme tikslą.

We reached the goal.

4

Jis išlaikė egzaminą.

He passed the exam.

1

Jis įveikė visus sunkumus.

He overcame all difficulties.

2

Ji įgijo didelę patirtį.

She gained great experience.

3

Mes priėmėme svarbų sprendimą.

We made an important decision.

4

Jis išreiškė savo nuomonę.

He expressed his opinion.

1

Jis atidžiai išklausė kiekvieną žodį.

He listened carefully to every word.

2

Ji įžvelgė gilią prasmę.

She perceived a deep meaning.

3

Mes įveikėme likimo iššūkius.

We overcame the challenges of fate.

4

Jis įkūnijo visus idealus.

He embodied all ideals.

Easily Confused

Direct Objects in the Accusative vs. Nominative vs Accusative

Learners often use the subject form for the object.

Direct Objects in the Accusative vs. Accusative vs Genitive in Negation

Negative sentences often require Genitive instead of Accusative.

Direct Objects in the Accusative vs. Accusative vs Instrumental

Sometimes learners use Instrumental for tools.

Häufige Fehler

Aš perku kava

Aš perku kavą

Forgot to change the ending to Accusative.

Jis skaito knyga

Jis skaito knygą

Nominative used instead of Accusative.

Mes matome namas

Mes matome namą

Masculine ending error.

Ji geria vanduo

Ji geria vandenį

Neuter/irregular noun error.

Aš neperku kavą

Aš neperku kavos

Negative verbs often take Genitive, not Accusative.

Jis žiūri į namas

Jis žiūri į namą

Preposition 'į' requires Accusative.

Mes einame į parduotuvė

Mes einame į parduotuvę

Wrong ending for feminine nouns.

Dirbau visą diena

Dirbau visą dieną

Time duration requires Accusative.

Jis laukė valanda

Jis laukė valandą

Duration error.

Mes praleidome savaitė

Mes praleidome savaitę

Wrong ending.

Jis įveikė sunkumai

Jis įveikė sunkumus

Plural Accusative error.

Ji įgijo patirtis

Ji įgijo patirtį

Abstract noun case error.

Mes priėmėme sprendimai

Mes priėmėme sprendimus

Plural object error.

Sentence Patterns

Aš perku ___.

Jis skaito ___.

Mes matome ___.

Ji rašo ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Prašau kavą.

Social media very common

Skaitau įdomią knygą!

Job interview common

Mėgstu šį darbą.

Travel common

Lankau šį muziejų.

Texting constant

Perku bilietą.

Food delivery app common

Užsisakau picą.

💡

Focus on the ending

Always look at the last letter of the noun. If it's -as or -a, it's a prime candidate for -ą.
⚠️

Negation trap

Remember that negative verbs often switch to Genitive. Don't use Accusative with 'ne' automatically.
🎯

Practice with verbs

Learn verbs in pairs with their objects to internalize the case.
💬

Be polite

Using the correct case makes you sound much more fluent and respectful.

Smart Tips

Ask yourself: 'What is being acted upon?'

Aš perku duona. Aš perku duoną.

Check if the object should be Genitive.

Neperku duoną. Neperku duonos.

Use Accusative for duration.

Dirbau visa diena. Dirbau visą dieną.

Check if the preposition requires Accusative.

Einu į parduotuvė. Einu į parduotuvę.

Aussprache

ah-n

The 'ą' sound

It is a long 'a' sound, slightly nasal.

Statement

Aš perku knygą. ↘

Falling intonation at the end.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of the 'ą' as a hook that catches the object.

Visual Association

Imagine a fisherman throwing a hook (the ą) into the water to catch a fish (the object).

Rhyme

When the verb hits the noun, add an ą to bring it down.

Story

Jonas is hungry. He sees an apple (obuolys). He grabs the apple (obuolį) and eats it. The apple changes its name because it was caught by the verb.

Word Web

KnygąStaląVandenįDarbąMuziejųLaišką

Herausforderung

Write 5 sentences about things you are doing right now using the Accusative.

Kulturelle Hinweise

Lithuanians are very direct. Using the correct case is a sign of respect for the language.

The Accusative case is a Proto-Indo-European inheritance, common in Baltic languages.

Conversation Starters

Ką tu skaitai?

Ką tu perki parduotuvėje?

Ką tu veiki šiandien?

Ką tu žiūri per televizorių?

Journal Prompts

Describe your breakfast using the Accusative.
What did you buy at the store yesterday?
Write about a book you are reading.
Describe your daily work tasks.

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct Accusative form.

Aš perku ___ (knyga).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: knygą
Feminine -a becomes -ą.
Select the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jis geria vandenį.
Vandenį is the correct Accusative.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Aš matau namas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Aš matau namą.
Namą is the object.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

knygą / skaito / Jis

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jis skaito knygą.
Standard SVO order.
What is the Accusative of 'stalas'? Conjugation Drill

Stalas -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Stalą
Masculine -as becomes -ą.
Match the noun to its Accusative. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Knygą, Stalą, Vandenį
Correct mappings.
Is this true? True False Rule

The Accusative is used for the subject.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Nominative is for the subject.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ką perki? B: Perku ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: duoną
Direct object.

Score: /8

Ubungsaufgaben

8 exercises
Fill in the correct Accusative form.

Aš perku ___ (knyga).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: knygą
Feminine -a becomes -ą.
Select the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jis geria vandenį.
Vandenį is the correct Accusative.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Aš matau namas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Aš matau namą.
Namą is the object.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

knygą / skaito / Jis

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jis skaito knygą.
Standard SVO order.
What is the Accusative of 'stalas'? Conjugation Drill

Stalas -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Stalą
Masculine -as becomes -ą.
Match the noun to its Accusative. Match Pairs

Knyga, Stalas, Vanduo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Knygą, Stalą, Vandenį
Correct mappings.
Is this true? True False Rule

The Accusative is used for the subject.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Nominative is for the subject.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ką perki? B: Perku ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: duoną
Direct object.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

It marks the object so we know who is doing what.

Most singular nouns change, but some are irregular.

Plural nouns have their own Accusative endings.

Yes, for duration.

No, Genitive is for possession or negation.

People will understand, but it sounds like a beginner.

Yes, some nouns don't change.

Use it in daily sentences.

In Other Languages

German high

Akkusativ

Lithuanian changes the noun itself, German changes the article.

Spanish low

Direct Object

Spanish has no case system for nouns.

French low

Direct Object

French lacks noun inflection for cases.

Japanese moderate

O-particle

Japanese uses a suffix particle, not a noun ending change.

Arabic moderate

Mansub

Arabic uses vowel markings (fatha) rather than suffix changes.

Chinese none

Word Order

Chinese relies on strict SVO word order.

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