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B1 verb 9分で読める

overtreffen

例文 overtreffen 30秒で
解説 overtreffen in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'overtreffen' is quite advanced, but you can understand it as a way to say something is 'more' or 'better' than something else. Imagine you have two apples, and one is much bigger and tastier. You could say it 'overtreft' the other. At this stage, just focus on the idea of 'surpassing'. You might see it in simple stories about people doing great things. Even though you won't use it often yourself, recognizing the 'over-' prefix as 'over' or 'extra' will help you. Think of it as 'over' + 'treffen' (hitting). If you hit a target and go 'over' it, you are doing very well. You don't need to worry about the past tense yet, just know that it means 'to be better than'.
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At the A2 level, you should start to recognize 'overtreffen' in contexts like sports or school results. When you hear 'Hij overtreft zijn broer', you know it means 'He is doing better than his brother'. You are learning about comparisons, like 'beter dan', and 'overtreffen' is a more advanced way to express that same idea without using 'dan'. You might start to notice that it doesn't split up like other verbs you know, such as 'opstaan' or 'meenemen'. This is a special rule! Try to remember the phrase 'verwachtingen overtreffen' (to exceed expectations), as this is a common thing people say in Dutch when they are happy with a result. It's a great word to have in your passive vocabulary.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to start using 'overtreffen' in your own speaking and writing, especially in professional or academic settings. You should know that it is an inseparable verb and that the past participle is 'overtroffen' (without 'ge-'). This is the level where you use it to describe your own achievements: 'Ik hoop mijn resultaten van vorig jaar te overtreffen.' You can also use it to talk about the quality of products or services. You should be comfortable with the past tense 'overtrof'. For example, 'De film overtrof al mijn verwachtingen.' This level is about moving beyond simple adjectives like 'beter' and using verbs that show a higher level of Dutch proficiency. You understand the nuance that 'overtreffen' implies a standard that has been surpassed.
At the B2 level, you should use 'overtreffen' with nuance and precision. you understand that it's often used in the passive voice or as an adjective ('onovertroffen'). You can use it to discuss complex topics, such as how technology 'overtreft' human capabilities in certain areas. You are aware of its synonyms like 'overstijgen' and 'verbeteren' and can choose the right one based on the context. Your grammar should be flawless: no 'ge-' in the past participle and no splitting the verb. You might use it in a debate or a formal essay to argue that one solution 'overtreft' another in efficiency. You also start to recognize it in literature and more formal news reports where the tone is serious and descriptive.
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At the C1 level, 'overtreffen' is a natural part of your vocabulary. You use it to describe abstract concepts, such as one philosophical argument 'overtreffend' another in logic. You are familiar with idiomatic expressions and can use the word to add flair to your speech. You might use it in a professional critique or a high-level business negotiation. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word, which gives you a deeper appreciation for its use in classical Dutch literature. You can easily distinguish between the subtle differences of 'overtreffen', 'overvleugelen', and 'overschaduwen'. At this level, you aren't just using the word; you are using it to create a specific impact on your audience, emphasizing the extraordinary nature of what you are describing.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'overtreffen'. You can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as legal documents, scientific papers, or poetic works. You understand the rhythmic and stylistic value of the word in a sentence. You can use it to describe the 'overtreffende trap' in linguistics with complete authority. You might use the word to describe how a historical event 'overtrof' all previous tragedies or triumphs in its scope. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You can play with the word, using it in metaphors or complex rhetorical structures. For you, 'overtreffen' is not just a verb; it's a tool for precision, allowing you to articulate the finest degrees of superiority and excellence in any given situation.
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例文

overtreffen 30秒で

  • Overtreffen is a Dutch verb meaning to exceed, surpass, or outperform someone or something in quality or quantity.
  • It is an inseparable verb, so you never split the 'over' from the 'treffen' in a sentence.
  • The past participle is 'overtroffen', and it does not use the 'ge-' prefix common in many other Dutch verbs.
  • It is frequently used in professional, sports, and artistic contexts to describe exceptional achievements and broken records.

The Dutch verb overtreffen is a sophisticated and highly functional term that English speakers would translate as 'to exceed,' 'to surpass,' 'to outperform,' or 'to be greater than.' At its core, it describes a situation where one thing or person goes beyond a previously established limit, expectation, or level of performance. It is a transitive verb, meaning it always acts upon an object—you surpass something or someone.

Core Meaning
To go beyond a certain point in quality, quantity, or degree, often implying a sense of superiority or improvement over a predecessor.

In Dutch culture, which often values modesty, using the word overtreffen carries a significant weight. It is not used lightly for minor improvements; rather, it suggests a noteworthy achievement. Whether a chef is surpassing their previous culinary creations or an athlete is breaking a long-standing record, the word highlights the bridge between 'good' and 'exceptional'.

De resultaten van dit jaar overtreffen al onze verwachtingen.

This year's results exceed all our expectations.

The word is composed of the prefix 'over-' (over/beyond) and the verb 'treffen' (to hit or strike). Literally, it suggests 'striking beyond' a target. This etymological root helps learners visualize the concept: you aren't just hitting the mark; you are hitting so far past it that you've reached a new level entirely. It is commonly used in professional environments, sports commentary, and when discussing artistic merit.

Common Context: Sports
When a runner beats a world record, commentators will say they 'overtreffen' the old record. It emphasizes the historical significance of the act.

Zij wist haar persoonlijke record ruimschoots te overtreffen.

She managed to surpass her personal record by a wide margin.

Furthermore, overtreffen is frequently found in the passive voice or as a past participle used as an adjective. If something is 'onovertroffen', it means it is unsurpassed or second to none. This is a very high compliment in Dutch, often reserved for things like 'de onovertroffen appeltaart van oma' (grandma's unsurpassed apple pie).

Formal Usage
In business reports, this verb is preferred over simpler words like 'beter zijn dan' because it sounds more professional and precise.

De kwaliteit van de nieuwe software overtreft die van de concurrentie.

By mastering this word, you move from basic Dutch to a more nuanced, B1-level command of the language, allowing you to express complex comparisons and high praise with ease.

Using overtreffen correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical status as an inseparable compound verb (onafscheidbaar samengesteld werkwoord). This is one of the most important rules for English speakers to memorize, as many other Dutch verbs starting with 'over-' are separable.

Conjugation Pattern
Present: ik overtref, jij overtreft, wij overtreffen. Past: ik overtrof, wij overtroffen. Participle: overtroffen.

Because the prefix 'over-' is unstressed and inseparable, the past participle does not get the 'ge-' prefix. You say 'Ik heb hem overtroffen', never 'Ik heb hem geovertroffen'. This is a common pitfall for learners who are used to the standard 'ge-' addition for past participles.

Hij heeft zichzelf dit jaar echt overtroffen.

He has truly outdone himself this year.

The verb is transitive, so it always requires a direct object. You cannot just 'overtreffen' in a vacuum; you must surpass a record, a person, an expectation, or a previous version of yourself. In sentences, the object usually follows the verb in simple present or past tense.

When using overtreffen in subordinate clauses, the verb moves to the end of the sentence, but the prefix remains attached. For example: 'Ik denk dat hij zijn vader zal overtreffen' (I think he will surpass his father).

Reflexive Use
Using 'zichzelf overtreffen' (to surpass oneself) is a very common way to say someone did better than they ever have before.

De kunstenaar overtrof zichzelf met zijn nieuwste schilderij.

The artist outdid himself with his latest painting.

In comparison sentences, you don't use 'dan' or 'als' with overtreffen because the verb itself already contains the comparative logic. 'A overtreft B' is complete on its own. If you want to specify by how much, you can add an adverb like 'ruimschoots' (amply) or 'ver' (far).

De werkelijkheid overtreft vaak de fictie.

Reality often surpasses fiction.

Finally, consider the adjective 'overtreffend'. This is used in grammar to refer to the 'superlative degree' (de overtreffende trap). Understanding this connection helps you realize that 'overtreffen' is about reaching that absolute top level.

You will encounter overtreffen in various domains of Dutch life, from the evening news to sports broadcasts and corporate boardrooms. It is a 'high-value' word that signals a certain level of education and precision in the speaker's vocabulary.

In the News
Journalists use it to describe record-breaking weather, economic growth that beats forecasts, or election results that surprise pollsters.

If you are watching a Dutch news program like NOS Journaal, you might hear: 'De hittegolf van deze week overtreft alle eerdere temperatuurrecords.' (This week's heatwave surpasses all previous temperature records). This usage emphasizes that what is happening is historically significant.

Zijn prestaties op het veld overtreffen alles wat we tot nu toe hebben gezien.

His performances on the field surpass everything we have seen so far.

In the business world, overtreffen is a keyword during quarterly reviews. Dutch managers love to talk about 'verwachtingen overtreffen' (exceeding expectations). If you are working for a Dutch company and your boss tells you that you have 'overtroffen' your targets, you are likely in line for a promotion or a bonus.

Art and Culture
Critics use this word to compare a new book or movie to an author's or director's previous work. 'Dit nieuwe boek overtreft zijn debuut' (This new book surpasses his debut).

You might also hear it in daily life when someone is pleasantly surprised. If a friend cooks a meal that is much better than you expected, you might say, 'Je hebt jezelf echt overtroffen!' (You've really outdone yourself!). This is a warm, enthusiastic way to show appreciation.

De schoonheid van de natuur overtreft elke beschrijving.

The beauty of nature surpasses any description.

In academic settings, you will read about theories that 'overtreffen' older ones in terms of explanatory power. It is a staple of Dutch intellectual discourse, used to describe progress and evolution in thought.

Learning overtreffen comes with a few specific hurdles for English speakers. Because Dutch has many separable verbs, the instinct to split the verb is very strong. However, overtreffen must never be split.

Mistake 1: Splitting the Verb
Incorrect: 'Ik tref hem over.' Correct: 'Ik overtref hem.' The prefix 'over' is inseparable here.

Why is it inseparable? In Dutch, when the prefix 'over-' is unstressed, the verb is usually inseparable. In 'overtreffen', the stress falls on the second syllable (over-TREF-fen). In separable verbs like 'oversteken' (to cross), the stress is on 'over' (O-ver-ste-ken).

Fout: Ik heb mijn doelen geovertroffen.
Goed: Ik heb mijn doelen overtroffen.

This leads to the second most common mistake: adding 'ge-' to the past participle. For inseparable verbs, the past participle is identical to the past tense plural or simply doesn't take 'ge-'. Learners often say 'geovertroffen' because it feels more 'Dutch', but it is a tell-tale sign of a non-native speaker.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Overstijgen'
While they both mean 'to exceed', 'overstijgen' is more abstract (e.g., a problem exceeding a person's capacity), while 'overtreffen' is more about performance and quality.

Another error is using 'dan' after the verb. In English, we say 'better than'. In Dutch, you might be tempted to say 'overtreffen dan', but that is redundant. The verb 'overtreffen' already includes the comparative 'better'.

Fout: Hij overtreft dan zijn broer.
Goed: Hij overtreft zijn broer.

Finally, watch out for the conjugation of the past tense. It is 'overtrof', not 'overtrefde'. It is a strong verb, so the vowel change is essential. Forgetting this makes the sentence sound childish or uneducated.

To truly master Dutch, you need to know when to use overtreffen and when a synonym might be more appropriate. While 'overtreffen' is excellent for quality and performance, other words cover different nuances of 'surpassing'.

Verslaan vs. Overtreffen
'Verslaan' means to defeat an opponent in a direct competition. 'Overtreffen' means to be better in quality or achievement. You 'versla' an opponent in a race, but you 'overtreft' their time record.

If you want to say you beat someone in a game of chess, use 'verslaan'. If you want to say your chess skills have become much better than theirs, use 'overtreffen'.

Zij overtrof alle andere kandidaten tijdens het interview.

She surpassed all other candidates during the interview.
Overstijgen vs. Overtreffen
'Overstijgen' is more about rising above a situation or limit. It is often used for abstract concepts like 'het belang overstijgen' (to transcend the interest).

Think of 'overstijgen' as 'rising above' and 'overtreffen' as 'doing better than'. They are close, but 'overtreffen' is more common in active, performance-based contexts.

Voorbijgaan vs. Overtreffen
'Voorbijgaan' means to pass or go past. It is more physical. 'Overtreffen' is more about the comparison of value or skill.

Dit resultaat overtreft mijn stoutste dromen.

This result surpasses my wildest dreams.

In informal speech, you might hear 'eroverheen gaan' (to go over it). 'Hij gaat over mijn score heen' is a more casual way of saying 'Hij overtreft mijn score'. Use 'overtreffen' for a more polished, professional sound.

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レベル別の例文

1

Dit jaar overtreffen wij onze doelen.

This year we exceed our goals.

Simple present tense with 'wij'.

2

De zon overtreft de maan in licht.

The sun surpasses the moon in light.

Comparing two nouns.

3

Hij wil zijn vader overtreffen.

He wants to surpass his father.

Using 'overtreffen' with an auxiliary verb 'willen'.

4

De nieuwe auto overtreft de oude.

The new car surpasses the old one.

Direct comparison.

5

Zij overtreft iedereen in de klas.

She surpasses everyone in the class.

Subject + verb + object.

6

Deze koekjes overtreffen de andere.

These cookies surpass the others.

Plural subject.

7

Jij overtreft jezelf vandaag!

You are outdoing yourself today!

Reflexive use 'jezelf'.

8

Kan hij het record overtreffen?

Can he surpass the record?

Question form.

1

Het feest overtrof al onze verwachtingen.

The party exceeded all our expectations.

Past tense 'overtrof'.

2

De score overtreft het gemiddelde.

The score surpasses the average.

Abstract object 'het gemiddelde'.

3

Zij heeft haar zus overtroffen in sport.

She has surpassed her sister in sports.

Present perfect without 'ge-'.

4

De film overtreft het boek niet.

The movie does not surpass the book.

Negative sentence with 'niet'.

5

Wij proberen de concurrentie te overtreffen.

We are trying to surpass the competition.

Te + infinitive.

6

Zijn talent overtreft zijn ervaring.

His talent surpasses his experience.

Comparing abstract qualities.

7

De prijs overtreft mijn budget.

The price exceeds my budget.

Financial context.

8

Zij overtreffen ons met hun kennis.

They surpass us with their knowledge.

Using 'met' to show the area of superiority.

1

De nieuwe technologie overtreft de oude methoden ruimschoots.

The new technology amply surpasses the old methods.

Using the adverb 'ruimschoots'.

2

De winst overtrof de prognose van de bank.

The profit exceeded the bank's forecast.

Specific professional context.

3

Zij hebben zichzelf dit jaar echt overtroffen.

They have truly outdone themselves this year.

Reflexive 'zichzelf' in present perfect.

4

Het is moeilijk om dit resultaat te overtreffen.

It is difficult to surpass this result.

Impersonal 'het is' construction.

5

De kwaliteit van het eten overtreft alles in de stad.

The quality of the food surpasses everything in the city.

Superlative comparison.

6

Haar inzet overtreft die van haar collega's.

Her dedication surpasses that of her colleagues.

Using 'die van' to refer back to 'inzet'.

7

De werkelijkheid overtrof de stoutste dromen van de ontdekkingsreiziger.

Reality surpassed the explorer's wildest dreams.

Poetic expression 'stoutste dromen'.

8

Zal de opvolger het origineel kunnen overtreffen?

Will the successor be able to surpass the original?

Future tense with 'zullen' and 'kunnen'.

1

De vraag naar het product overtreft het huidige aanbod.

The demand for the product exceeds the current supply.

Economic terminology.

2

Hij overtrof zijn rivalen door harder te trainen.

He surpassed his rivals by training harder.

Using 'door ... te' for means/method.

3

De artistieke waarde van dit werk overtreft de commerciële waarde.

The artistic value of this work surpasses the commercial value.

Comparing abstract values.

4

Zij hebben een prestatie geleverd die zelden overtroffen wordt.

They have delivered a performance that is rarely surpassed.

Passive voice 'wordt overtroffen'.

5

De complexiteit van het probleem overtreft ons begripsvermogen.

The complexity of the problem surpasses our understanding.

Formal noun 'begripsvermogen'.

6

De snelheid van de nieuwe processor overtreft alle verwachtingen.

The speed of the new processor exceeds all expectations.

Technical context.

7

Haar welsprekendheid overtrof die van de meeste politici.

Her eloquence surpassed that of most politicians.

Formal vocabulary 'welsprekendheid'.

8

Dit succes is nauwelijks te overtreffen.

This success is hardly to be surpassed.

Te + infinitive as a passive construction.

1

De reikwijdte van de nieuwe wet overtreft de oorspronkelijke bedoeling.

The scope of the new law surpasses the original intention.

Legal/political context.

2

Zijn literaire genialiteit overtrof de beperkingen van zijn tijd.

His literary genius surpassed the limitations of his time.

Historical/literary analysis.

3

De schoonheid van de symfonie overtrof elke mogelijke beschrijving.

The beauty of the symphony surpassed any possible description.

Expressing the inexpressible.

4

De impact van de crisis overtrof de ergste scenario's.

The impact of the crisis surpassed the worst-case scenarios.

Crisis management terminology.

5

Zij wist de verwachtingen van haar critici glansrijk te overtreffen.

She managed to surpass her critics' expectations brilliantly.

Using the adverb 'glansrijk'.

6

De precisie van dit instrument overtreft die van zijn voorgangers.

The precision of this instrument surpasses that of its predecessors.

Scientific comparison.

7

De morele moed van de demonstranten overtrof alle verwachtingen.

The moral courage of the protesters surpassed all expectations.

Abstract moral quality.

8

Zijn laatste werk overtreft al zijn eerdere oeuvre.

His latest work surpasses all his previous body of work.

Formal word 'oeuvre'.

1

De metafysische implicaties van de theorie overtreffen de fysieke waarneming.

The metaphysical implications of the theory surpass physical observation.

Highly academic/philosophical.

2

Haar intellectuele capaciteiten overtroffen de strengste academische maatstaven.

Her intellectual capacities surpassed the strictest academic standards.

Formal academic tone.

3

De verwoesting overtrof de menselijke voorstellingsvermogen.

The destruction surpassed human imagination.

Nouns of capacity 'voorstellingsvermogen'.

4

Zijn weldadigheid overtrof zelfs de meest optimistische ramingen.

His benevolence surpassed even the most optimistic estimates.

Formal vocabulary 'weldadigheid', 'ramingen'.

5

De intensiteit van de ervaring overtrof de grenzen van de taal.

The intensity of the experience surpassed the boundaries of language.

Philosophical boundary-crossing.

6

De historische betekenis van dit moment overtreft de dagelijkse politiek.

The historical significance of this moment surpasses daily politics.

Political/historical nuance.

7

De verfijning van zijn techniek overtreft die van de oude meesters.

The refinement of his technique surpasses that of the old masters.

Art historical comparison.

8

Zij heeft een nalatenschap gecreëerd die generaties zal overtreffen.

She has created a legacy that will surpass generations.

Future tense with abstract object.

よく使う組み合わせ

verwachtingen overtreffen
een record overtreffen
zichzelf overtreffen
de concurrentie overtreffen
doelen overtreffen
elkaar overtreffen
ruimschoots overtreffen
kwaliteit overtreffen
alles overtreffen
moeilijk te overtreffen

よく使うフレーズ

niet te overtreffen

— Unsurpassable or the best possible.

De sfeer op het strand was niet te overtreffen.

elkaar in hoffelijkheid overtreffen

— To be more polite than one another (often formal).

De diplomaten overtroffen elkaar in hoffelijkheid.

de stoutste dromen overtreffen

— To be better than one could ever imagine.

Het succes overtrof mijn stoutste dromen.

zijn weerga niet kennen

— To be unsurpassed or unique (related concept).

Zijn talent kent zijn weerga niet.

de maatstaf overtreffen

— To exceed the standard.

Zijn werk overtrof de gangbare maatstaf.

een prestatie overtreffen

— To do better than a previous feat.

Niemand kon die prestatie overtreffen.

alle records overtreffen

— To break all existing records.

De verkoopcijfers overtreffen alle records.

het gemiddelde overtreffen

— To be above average.

Haar cijfers overtreffen het gemiddelde.

de voorspellingen overtreffen

— To do better than predicted.

De groei overtrof de voorspellingen.

zichzelf in snelheid overtreffen

— To be faster than ever before.

De atleet overtrof zichzelf in snelheid.

慣用句と表現

"Zichzelf overtreffen"

— To perform better than one has ever done before.

Met dit diner heb je jezelf echt overtroffen.

Informal/Neutral
"Alles overtreffen"

— To be superior to everything else known or seen.

Deze zonsondergang overtreft alles.

Neutral
"De stoutste verwachtingen overtreffen"

— To be much better than even the most optimistic hopes.

De opkomst bij de demonstratie overtrof de stoutste verwachtingen.

Neutral
"Niet te overtreffen zijn"

— To be the absolute best; to have no equal.

Zijn humor is gewoon niet te overtreffen.

Informal
"Elkaar overtreffen in iets"

— When two or more people compete to show more of a certain quality.

Ze overtroffen elkaar in vriendelijkheid.

Neutral
"De werkelijkheid overtreft de fictie"

— Used when something real is more unbelievable than a story.

In dit spionageverhaal overtreft de werkelijkheid de fictie.

Neutral
"Onovertroffen zijn"

— To be unsurpassed (used as an adjective).

De service in dat hotel is onovertroffen.

Formal/Neutral
"De maat overtreffen"

— To go beyond the normal measure or limit.

Zijn brutaliteit overtreft alle maat.

Formal
"Iemand in alles overtreffen"

— To be better than someone in every possible way.

Zij overtreft haar rivaal in alles.

Neutral
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