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A1 verb 7分で読める

anlamak

練習する例文メモとヒント anlamak 30秒で

解説 anlamak in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'anlamak' is used for basic survival communication. Learners use it to confirm they have understood a simple instruction or to ask for clarification. The most important forms are 'Anladım' (I understood) and 'Anlamadım' (I didn't understand). It is often used in the classroom context between teacher and student. At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word in the present continuous and simple past tenses. You will use it to respond to questions like 'Beni anlıyor musun?' (Do you understand me?). It is essential for managing daily interactions where you might need someone to slow down or repeat themselves. The concept of 'anlamak' at A1 is purely functional—did the message get through or not?

At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'anlamak' with specific objects, requiring the use of the accusative case. You start to move beyond just saying 'I understand' to 'I understand the lesson' (Dersi anlıyorum) or 'I understand the directions' (Tarifi anladım). You also begin to explore the negative potential form 'anlayamıyorum' (I cannot understand), which is vital for explaining barriers to communication like noise or speed of speech. A2 learners also start to see the word in the future tense ('Anlayacaksın' - You will understand) in simple encouraging contexts. The distinction between 'bilmek' (to know) and 'anlamak' (to understand) becomes a key grammatical focus at this level.

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At the B1 level, 'anlamak' transitions from literal comprehension to emotional and social understanding. Learners use the verb to discuss feelings and abstract ideas. Phrases like 'Seni çok iyi anlıyorum' (I understand you very well) are used to show empathy in conversations. You also learn the 'ablative' usage of the verb to describe expertise, such as 'Siyasetten anlamam' (I don't understand [know about] politics). B1 learners are expected to use 'anlamak' in complex sentences with sub-clauses, such as 'Neden böyle yaptığını anlamıyorum' (I don't understand why you did it this way). The use of the word in different modalities (must, should, might) also becomes common.

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At the B2 level, 'anlamak' is used to navigate nuanced social and professional environments. Learners can discuss the 'meaning' of things using the related noun 'anlam'. You might use the verb to describe interpreting a text or a film's subtext. Idiomatic expressions like 'anlam verememek' (to not be able to make sense of) are introduced. B2 speakers use 'anlamak' to debate and negotiate, often using it to acknowledge an opponent's point before countering it ('Seni anlıyorum, fakat...'). The passive form 'anlaşılmak' (to be understood) and the causative 'anlatmak' (to explain/to make understand) are frequently used to manage complex information flows.

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At the C1 level, the verb 'anlamak' is used in academic, literary, and highly sophisticated contexts. It involves grasping subtle ironies, cultural metaphors, and philosophical arguments. C1 learners use the verb to analyze the 'anlam derinliği' (depth of meaning) in poetry or prose. The focus shifts to the nuances between 'anlamak' and its synonyms like 'kavramak' or 'idrak etmek'. You will encounter 'anlamak' in formal speeches and legal or technical documents where precise comprehension is critical. C1 speakers can use the verb to describe the 'spirit of the age' or complex sociological phenomena, demonstrating a mastery of both the word's literal and figurative boundaries.

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At the C2 level, 'anlamak' is used with the effortless precision of a native speaker. This includes mastery of all related idioms, slang, and archaic forms. A C2 learner understands the 'unspoken' (söylenmeyeni anlamak). They can use the verb in high-level intellectual discourse, such as discussing the hermeneutics of a text. The word is used to explore the limits of human understanding itself. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are playing with its cultural resonances, using it to build rapport, exert authority, or express profound philosophical skepticism. You recognize the difference between 'anlamak' and 'hak vermek' (to agree/to justify) in the most subtle social maneuvers.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

anlamak 30秒で

Anlamak means 'to understand' and is a core A1 Turkish verb.
It uses the accusative case for direct objects (understanding a thing).
It uses the ablative case to show expertise (understanding a field).
The past tense 'Anladım' is very common for 'I get it' or 'OK'.

The Turkish verb anlamak is the fundamental cornerstone of cognitive processing in the Turkish language. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to understand' or 'to comprehend.' However, its usage extends far beyond simple intellectual grasping of facts. In Turkish culture, anlamak encompasses emotional intelligence, social intuition, and the ability to perceive underlying truths that aren't explicitly stated. When a Turkish speaker says they 'understand' you, they are often implying a deeper connection or empathy with your situation, not just that they heard your words correctly.

Cognitive Comprehension: This is the most literal use. It involves processing information, such as a math problem, a set of instructions, or a foreign language. For example, when a student finally grasps a difficult concept in physics, they would use this verb to signal their breakthrough.
Interpersonal Empathy: In social contexts, anlamak is used to express that one relates to another's feelings or plight. It is the root of the word 'anlayış' (understanding/tolerance). If a friend is going through a hard time, saying 'Seni anlıyorum' (I understand you) carries significant weight in Turkish social etiquette.
Expertise and Skill: Interestingly, the verb is used to denote expertise. If someone 'understands' cars (arabadan anlamak), it means they are knowledgeable about mechanics or the market. It functions similarly to the English phrase 'to know one's way around something.'

Bu karmaşık konuyu sonunda anlamak beni çok rahatlattı.

Translation: Finally understanding this complex subject relieved me greatly.

The verb follows the standard Turkish vowel harmony rules. Since the last vowel is 'a', it belongs to the '-mak' infinitive group. When conjugated, the 'a' in the root 'anla-' remains stable, but the suffixes will change based on the tense and person. It is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes an object in the accusative case, though in many idiomatic uses, it takes the ablative case (-dan/-den).

O, insanların halinden çok iyi anlar.

Translation: He understands people's situations (their state of being) very well.

The 'Anladım' Phenomenon: In daily conversation, you will hear 'Anladım' (I understood) much more frequently than the present tense. Turks use the past tense to indicate that the realization has already occurred and the information is now safely stored in their mind.

Using anlamak correctly requires attention to the case endings of the objects it interacts with. While 'to understand something' usually requires the accusative case (-ı, -i, -u, -ü), 'to be an expert in something' or 'to understand the nature of something' often uses the ablative case (-dan, -den, -tan, -ten).

Kitabı okudum ama hiçbir şey anlamadım.

Translation: I read the book but I didn't understand anything.

Let's break down the common tense structures for this verb:

Present Continuous: Anlıyorum (I am understanding / I understand). Used for ongoing realizations or general states.
Simple Past: Anladım (I understood). The most common way to say 'OK' or 'I get it'.
Future: Anlayacağım (I will understand). Often used when promising to look into something or when predicting future clarity.
Necessitative: Anlamalısın (You must understand). Used in arguments or when emphasizing importance.

Direct Object (Accusative): When you understand a specific thing: 'Dersi anladım' (I understood the lesson). Note the '-i' suffix on 'ders'.
Expertise (Ablative): When you are knowledgeable about a field: 'Bilgisayardan anlar mısın?' (Do you understand [about] computers?). Here, the '-dan' suffix is mandatory.

Onun ne demek istediğini tam olarak anlayamadım.

Translation: I couldn't exactly understand what he wanted to say.

In Turkey, anlamak is ubiquitous. You will hear it in the bustling Grand Bazaar, in high-stakes political debates on television, and in the quiet whispers of a romantic drama (dizi). Its versatility makes it one of the top 50 most used verbs in the language.

In the Classroom: Teachers constantly ask 'Anladınız mı?' (Did you all understand?). Students respond with a collective 'Anladık, hocam' (We understood, teacher).
In Customer Service: A service representative might say 'Sorununuzu anlıyorum' (I understand your problem) to de-escalate a situation and show empathy.
In Romantic Dramas: The phrase 'Beni hiç anlamıyorsun!' (You don't understand me at all!) is a classic trope used to signal emotional distance between characters.

'Bak, beni iyi anla, bu iş çok riskli.'

Translation: 'Look, understand me well, this business is very risky.'

You will also hear it in the context of 'anlam verememek' (not being able to give meaning to something), which is a common way to say you are baffled by someone's behavior. For instance, 'Onun bu tavrına bir anlam veremedim' (I couldn't make sense of this attitude of his).

Even though anlamak seems straightforward, English speakers often trip over its specific Turkish nuances. The most common error involves the confusion between 'knowing' and 'understanding'.

Anlamak vs. Bilmek: In English, we sometimes use 'know' and 'understand' interchangeably. In Turkish, bilmek is for facts and skills (I know London, I know how to swim), while anlamak is for the mental process of comprehension. You don't 'understand' a person's phone number; you 'know' it.
Case Suffix Errors: Many learners say 'Müzik anlıyorum' (incorrect) instead of 'Müzikten anlıyorum' (I understand/know about music). Remember: for general expertise, use the ablative (-dan).
Negative Conjugation: Learners often confuse 'Anlamıyorum' (I don't understand - a choice or a simple fact) with 'Anlayamıyorum' (I can't understand - a lack of ability). If the static on a phone line is bad, you should use 'Anlayamıyorum'.

Yanlış: Fransızca biliyorum ama seni anlamıyorum.

Correct usage: I know French (the language), but I don't understand you (your specific meaning right now).

Another mistake is using 'anlamak' with the dative case (-a/-e). You don't understand 'to' something. It is always either the object itself (accusative) or the source/category of the knowledge (ablative).

While anlamak is the 'go-to' verb, Turkish offers several more precise alternatives depending on the depth and nature of the understanding.

Kavramak (To Grasp): This implies a more profound, often physical-like grasping of a concept. It's used for complex theories or the core essence of a problem. 'Konuyu kavradım' suggests you've mastered it, not just understood it.
Sezmek (To Sense/Perceive): This is used when you 'understand' something through intuition rather than logic. 'Bir tehlike sezdim' (I sensed a danger).
Fark Etmek (To Realize/Notice): Often confused with understanding, this is the initial moment of noticing something. 'Hatayı fark ettim' (I noticed the error).
Çözmek (To Solve/Decipher): Used when understanding requires effort, like a puzzle or a mysterious person. 'Seni hala çözemedim' (I still haven't figured you out).

Meseleyi kökten kavramak zaman alır.

Translation: Grasping the issue from the root takes time.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'an' is also found in 'anı' (memory) and 'anmak' (to commemorate/mention), showing the deep link between memory and understanding in Turkish.

発音ガイド

UK /an.ɫa.ˈmak/

US /ɑn.lɑ.ˈmɑk/

The stress is on the final syllable 'mak'.

韻が合う語

bakmak çakmak yakmak akmak takmak kakmak sakmak bakmak

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'la' as 'ley'.
Stressing the first syllable.
Softening the 'k' too much into a 'ğ'.
Confusing 'anla' with 'abla' (sister).
Merging the 'n' and 'l' too quickly.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize in texts.

ライティング 2/5

Requires knowledge of vowel harmony for conjugation.

スピーキング 2/5

Commonly used, but needs correct stress on the last syllable.

リスニング 2/5

Can sound like 'annamak' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

bilmek demek söylemek bakmak görmek

次に学ぶ

anlatmak anlaşmak kavramak hissetmek düşünmek

上級

idrak muhakeme feraset basiret irfan

知っておくべき文法

Accusative Case

Kitab-ı anladım.

Ablative Case for Expertise

Araba-dan anlarım.

Potential Mood

Anlayabilirim.

Negative Potential

Anlayamam.

Causative Voice

Anlatmak (to make understand/explain).

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レベル別の例文

Seni anlıyorum.

I understand you.

Present continuous tense.

Anladım.

I understood.

Simple past tense.

Anlamadım.

I didn't understand.

Negative simple past.

Beni anlıyor musun?

Do you understand me?

Interrogative present continuous.

Biraz anlıyorum.

I understand a little.

Adverbial modifier 'biraz'.

Lütfen anla.

Please understand.

Imperative mood.

O anlamıyor.

He/she doesn't understand.

Third person singular negative.

Hepsini anladık.

We understood all of it.

First person plural past.

Bu soruyu anladın mı?

Did you understand this question?

Accusative case 'soruyu'.

Seni çok iyi anlıyorum.

I understand you very well.

Adverbial phrase 'çok iyi'.

Dersi hiç anlamadım.

I didn't understand the lesson at all.

Negative emphasis with 'hiç'.

Onu anlamaya çalışıyorum.

I am trying to understand him/her.

Dative infinitive 'anlamaya'.

Yavaş konuşursan anlarım.

If you speak slowly, I will understand.

Conditional 'anlarım' (Aorist).

Hangi dili anlıyorsun?

Which language do you understand?

Question word 'hangi'.

Şimdi anlıyorum.

Now I understand.

Time adverb 'şimdi'.

Annemi anlamıyorum.

I don't understand my mother.

Accusative 'annemi'.

Senin duygularını anlıyorum.

I understand your feelings.

Abstract noun in accusative.

Ben futboldan hiç anlamam.

I don't understand (know about) football at all.

Ablative case for expertise.

Neden ağladığını anladım.

I understood why you were crying.

Subordinate clause with '-diğini'.

Beni yanlış anladın.

You misunderstood me.

Adverb 'yanlış' (wrongly).

Bunu anlamak çok zor.

It is very hard to understand this.

Infinitive as subject.

Anladığıma göre yarın tatil.

According to what I understand, tomorrow is a holiday.

Construction '-diğine göre'.

Herkesin beni anlamasını bekliyorum.

I expect everyone to understand me.

Possessive infinitive with accusative.

Müzikten anlayan biriyle tanıştım.

I met someone who understands (knows about) music.

Participle 'anlayan'.

Onun bu tavrına bir anlam veremedim.

I couldn't make sense of this attitude of his.

Idiom 'anlam verememek'.

Şaka yaptığını sonradan anladım.

I realized later that you were joking.

Subordinate clause with 'sonradan'.

Bu kitap zor anlaşılıyor.

This book is understood with difficulty (is hard to understand).

Passive voice 'anlaşılmak'.

Anladığım kadarıyla durum ciddi.

As far as I understand, the situation is serious.

Phrase 'Anladığım kadarıyla'.

Olayın ciddiyetini hala anlamadın mı?

Have you still not understood the seriousness of the event?

Genitive-Accusative chain.

Birbirimizi anlamak için konuşmalıyız.

We must talk to understand each other.

Reciprocal pronoun 'birbirimizi'.

Politikadan anladığını iddia ediyor.

He claims that he understands politics.

Ablative + subordinate clause.

Sözlerinden bir şey anlamak imkansız.

It's impossible to understand anything from his words.

Ablative source 'sözlerinden'.

Yazarın üslubunu anlamak derinlik gerektirir.

Understanding the author's style requires depth.

Formal register.

Toplumun bu tepkisini anlamak güç değil.

It is not difficult to understand this reaction of society.

Negative adjective 'güç değil'.

Metindeki alt metni anlamak uzmanlık ister.

Understanding the subtext in the text requires expertise.

Compound noun 'alt metin'.

Sessizliğin ne anlama geldiğini anladı.

He understood what the silence meant.

Complex noun clause.

Felsefeyi anlamak için çok okumak lazım.

To understand philosophy, one needs to read a lot.

Purposive 'için' with infinitive.

Anlamazlıktan gelme, her şeyi biliyorsun.

Don't pretend not to understand, you know everything.

Idiom 'anlamazlıktan gelmek'.

Olayları birbirine bağlayınca her şeyi anladım.

When I connected the events to each other, I understood everything.

Adverbial '-ınca'.

Onun bakışlarından ne demek istediğini anlardım.

I used to understand what he meant from his looks.

Used to (past habitual).

Varlığın anlamını anlamak beşeri bir çabadır.

Understanding the meaning of existence is a human endeavor.

Philosophical context.

Söylenmeyenleri anlamak gerçek bir bilgeliktir.

Understanding the unspoken is true wisdom.

Substantive participle 'söylenmeyenleri'.

Şairin neyi ima ettiğini anlamak için yoğunlaşmalısın.

You must concentrate to understand what the poet is implying.

Implication 'ima etmek'.

Evrenin işleyişini anlamak için bilim şarttır.

Science is essential to understand the workings of the universe.

Formal necessity.

Onun niyetini anlamak için dahi olmaya gerek yok.

One doesn't need to be a genius to understand his intention.

Sarcastic register.

Metinlerarası ilişkileri anlamak eleştirel bir bakış açısı gerektirir.

Understanding intertextual relationships requires a critical perspective.

Academic terminology.

Bu sessiz anlaşma aralarındaki bağı güçlendirdi.

This silent understanding strengthened the bond between them.

Verbal noun 'anlaşma'.

Hayatın karmaşasını anlamak bazen imkansız görünür.

Understanding the complexity of life sometimes seems impossible.

Existential tone.

よく使う組み合わせ

Yanlış anlamak

Halden anlamak

Dilden anlamak

İşten anlamak

İnce anlamak

Laf anlamak

Müzikten anlamak

Derinden anlamak

Zor anlamak

Hemen anlamak

よく使うフレーズ

Anladım

— I got it / I understand.

Tamam, anladım.

Anlamadım

— I didn't get it / I don't understand.

Pardon, anlamadım.

Anlıyorum

— I see / I understand (ongoing).

Seni anlıyorum.

Anlaşıldı

— Understood / Roger that.

Anlaşıldı, merkez.

Anlatabildim mi?

— Did I make myself clear?

Çok önemli, anlatabildim mi?

Anlamı yok

— It has no meaning / It's pointless.

Tartışmanın bir anlamı yok.

Ne anlama geliyor?

— What does it mean?

Bu kelime ne anlama geliyor?

Anlayışın için teşekkürler

— Thanks for your understanding.

Gecikme için anlayışın için teşekkürler.

Beni anla

— Understand me.

Lütfen beni anla.

Hiçbir şey anlamadım

— I didn't understand anything at all.

Filmi izledim ama hiçbir şey anlamadım.

よく混同される語

anlamak vs Bilmek

Bilmek is for facts; anlamak is for comprehension.

anlamak vs Tanımak

Tanımak is for recognizing people or places; anlamak is for grasping meaning.

anlamak vs Duymak

Duymak is to hear; you can hear someone without understanding them.

慣用句と表現

"Anlam verememek"

— To be unable to make sense of something.

Onun gidişine bir anlam veremedim.

Neutral

"Laf anlamamak"

— To be stubborn or refuse to listen to reason.

Laf anlamıyor ki!

Informal

"Halden anlamak"

— To be empathetic towards someone's situation.

Sen halden anlayan birisin.

Neutral

"Anlamazlıktan gelmek"

— To pretend not to understand.

Söylediklerimi anlamazlıktan geldi.

Neutral

"İnce eleyip sık dokumak"

— To analyze or understand something in extreme detail (indirectly related).

Karar vermeden önce ince eleyip sık dokur.

Neutral

"Gözünden anlamak"

— To understand someone just by looking at their eyes.

Annesi onun yalan söylediğini gözünden anladı.

Informal

"Derdinden anlamak"

— To understand someone's specific suffering.

Benim derdimden kimse anlamaz.

Emotional

"Anladık!"

— We get it! (Used sarcastically when someone repeats themselves).

Tamam, anladık! Sus artık.

Informal

"Anlam yüklü"

— Full of meaning.

Anlam yüklü bir bakış attı.

Literary

"Malumu ilam etmek"

— To state the obvious (to 'understand' what is already known).

Seninki malumu ilam etmekten başka bir şey değil.

Formal

間違えやすい

anlamak vs Anlatmak

Similar root.

Anlatmak means to explain (make someone understand).

Bana anlat.

anlamak vs Anlaşmak

Similar root.

Anlaşmak means to agree with someone.

Onunla anlaştık.

anlamak vs Anımsamak

Starts with 'An'.

Anımsamak means to remember.

İsmini anımsadım.

anlamak vs Anmak

Very similar root.

Anmak means to mention or commemorate.

Onu sevgiyle andık.

anlamak vs Algılamak

Synonym.

Algılamak is more about 'perceiving' with senses.

Sinyali algıladık.

文型パターン

[Subject] [Object]-i anlıyor.

Ben seni anlıyorum.

[Subject] [Object]-den anlar.

O yemekten anlar.

[Subject] [Verb-dik-Possessive]-i anladı.

Senin ne dediğini anladı.

[Subject] bir anlam veremedi.

Bu işe bir anlam veremedim.

Anladığım kadarıyla [Clause].

Anladığım kadarıyla herkes gitti.

Anlamazlıktan gelmek.

Beni görünce anlamazlıktan geldi.

Anladın mı?

Beni anladın mı?

Anlatabildim mi?

Konuyu anlatabildim mi?

語族

名詞

anlam (meaning)

anlayış (understanding/tolerance)

anlaşma (agreement)

anlamsızlık (meaninglessness)

動詞

anlatmak (to explain)

anlaşılmak (to be understood)

anlaşmak (to agree with each other)

anlattırmak (to make someone explain)

形容詞

anlamlı (meaningful)

anlamsız (meaningless)

anlayışlı (understanding/tolerant)

anlaşılır (understandable)

使い方

frequency

Extremely frequent in both spoken and written Turkish.

よくある間違い

Seni anla. → Seni anlıyorum.
You need a tense suffix; 'anla' alone is an imperative command.
Müzik anlıyorum. → Müzikten anlıyorum.
Expertise requires the ablative case suffix '-tan/-ten/-dan/-den'.
Onu bilmedim. → Onu anlamadım.
If you didn't grasp the meaning, use 'anlamak', not 'bilmek'.
Anlayamıyorum. → Anlamıyorum.
Use 'anlayamıyorum' only if you are physically/mentally unable to, otherwise use 'anlamıyorum'.
Anlamaya biliyorum. → Anlayabiliyorum.
The ability suffix is '-ebil' added directly to the root.

ヒント

The 'Y' Buffer

When adding suffixes starting with a vowel to 'anla', always use 'y'. e.g., Anla-y-acak.

Empathy First

Saying 'Seni anlıyorum' is a powerful way to bond with Turkish friends.

Expertise

Use '-dan anlamak' to brag about your skills in a specific area.

Clear 'K'

Make sure the final 'k' in the infinitive is audible but not harsh.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Anladın mı?' it's a check for comprehension.

Accusative Choice

Specific things need the suffix: 'Bu kitab-ı anladım'.

Analyze

Link 'Anla' to 'Analyze' in your mind.

Anladım

Use 'Anladım' as a polite way to end a long explanation from someone else.

Anlam Verememek

Master this phrase to express confusion about strange behaviors.

Word Family

Learn 'anlatmak' alongside 'anlamak' as they are a pair.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Anla' as 'Analyze'. You analyze something to understand it.

視覚的連想

Imagine a lightbulb turning on inside a head shaped like the letter 'A'.

Word Web

Mind Logic Explanation Agreement Meaning Realization Empathy Knowledge

チャレンジ

Try to use 'Anladım' instead of 'OK' for the next 24 hours when practicing Turkish.

語源

Derived from the Old Turkic root 'an-' meaning 'mind' or 'consciousness'.

元の意味： To direct the mind towards something, to perceive.

Turkic Language Family.

文化的な背景

Be careful when saying 'Anladın mı?' to elders; it can sound slightly patronizing. Better to use 'Anlatabildim mi?' (Was I able to explain?).

English speakers often use 'I see' or 'I get it'. In Turkish, 'Anladım' is the direct equivalent but feels slightly more formal/solid.

Anladım (Song by Mazhar Alanson) Anlamak (Poem by Nazım Hikmet) Anlaşılmayan Adam (Literary trope)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Education

Dersi anladım.
Hocam, anlamadım.
Soruyu anladınız mı?
Konuyu kavradım.

Social

Seni anlıyorum.
Yanlış anlama.
Beni hiç anlamıyorsun.
Halden anlar.

Business

Şartları anladık.
Anlaşma sağlandı.
Anladığım kadarıyla...
Anlatabildim mi?

Hobby

Müzikten anlarım.
Bilgisayardan anlar mısın?
Sanattan anlamam.
Bu işten anlıyor.

Daily Life

Anladım, tamam.
Pardon, anlayamadım.
Ne demek istediğini anladım.
Hemen anladım.

会話のきっかけ

"Bu konu hakkında ne anlıyorsun?"

"Beni gerçekten anladığını düşünüyor musun?"

"Hangi dilleri az çok anlayabiliyorsun?"

"İnsanların duygularından iyi anlar mısın?"

"En zor anladığın ders hangisiydi?"

日記のテーマ

Bugün yeni ne anladın? (What did you understand/realize new today?)

Kendini en çok ne zaman 'anlaşılmamış' hissediyorsun?

Birinin seni anladığını nasıl anlarsın?

Anlamakta zorlandığın bir konuyu anlat.

Hayatın anlamı sence nedir?

よくある質問

10 問

'Anladım' is simple past, used when you have just grasped a point. 'Anlıyorum' is present continuous, used for ongoing understanding or empathy.

Usually you use 'bilmek' (Fransızca biliyorum). Use 'anlamak' if you can understand it but maybe not speak it well.

You say 'Hiçbir şey anlamadım'.

Yes, but instead of 'about', Turkish uses the ablative case '-dan'. e.g., 'Siyasetten anlarım'.

You might hear 'Ne diyon?' (informal) or 'Efendim?' (polite) to ask for repetition.

Anladık (Past), Anlıyoruz (Present), Anlayacağız (Future).

It is the adjective form meaning 'meaningful'.

Yes, especially in the past tense 'anladım ki...' (I realized that...).

Yes, 'anlaşılmak' (to be understood).

Anlamamak (to not understand) or Yanlış anlamak (to misunderstand).

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