When we say something is 郑重 (zhèngzhòng), we mean it's done with great seriousness and carefulness, often implying a sense of solemnity or importance. It's about approaching a situation or making a statement with a weighty and earnest attitude. For instance, if you make a promise 郑重地 (zhèngzhòng de), it means you're really committed to it and understand the gravity of your word. It's often used when actions or words carry significant consequences or need to be treated with deep respect.
§ What does 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) mean and when do people use it?
Let's get straight to it: the Chinese word 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) means 'serious' or 'solemn'. It's not a word you'll use for every little thing. Think of situations where there's a certain weight, importance, or formality involved. It's about expressing a deep sense of earnestness or gravity.
- DEFINITION
- Serious; solemn. It implies a sense of earnestness, gravity, and careful consideration.
You'll often hear or read 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) when someone is making an important promise, giving a warning, making a formal statement, or offering a sincere apology. It emphasizes that the person's words or actions are not to be taken lightly. It's a way to convey that they mean what they say, and there's a significant implication behind their message.
For example, if a leader makes a critical announcement, they might do so 郑重地 (zhèng zhòng de), meaning 'seriously' or 'solemnly'. If a friend gives you a very important piece of advice, they might say it 郑重地 (zhèng zhòng de) to show you how much they care and how much weight that advice carries. It's about showing respect for the situation and for the person they are addressing.
It's important to differentiate 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) from other words like '认真 (rèn zhēn)' which also means 'serious'. While '认真 (rèn zhēn)' focuses more on being meticulous, earnest, or conscientious in one's attitude or work, 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) leans towards the gravity, formality, and deep sincerity of an action or statement. Think of '认真 (rèn zhēn)' as being serious about doing something well, and 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) as being serious about the *implications* or *importance* of what is being done or said.
Let's look at some examples to help you grasp the usage:
他郑重地声明，他对此事一无所知。
Translation hint: He seriously/solemnly declared that he knew nothing about this matter.
请允许我郑重地向您道歉。
Translation hint: Please allow me to sincerely/solemnly apologize to you.
Notice how in both examples, 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) adds a layer of depth and sincerity to the action. It's not just a simple declaration or apology; it's one made with considerable thought and gravity.
Here are some common collocations you'll encounter with 郑重 (zhèng zhòng):
郑重声明 (zhèng zhòng shēng míng): Solemn declaration/statement. (Used in formal contexts, like official announcements)
郑重承诺 (zhèng zhòng chéng nuò): Solemn promise/commitment. (Often for important pledges or agreements)
郑重警告 (zhèng zhòng jǐng gào): Serious/solemn warning. (For significant warnings about potential consequences)
郑重考虑 (zhèng zhòng kǎo lǜ): Serious consideration. (When a decision requires careful, weighty thought)
郑重其事 (zhèng zhòng qí shì): To treat something with great seriousness. (This is an idiom, emphasizing the gravity with which something is handled.)
Understanding these collocations will help you not only recognize 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) in context but also use it more accurately in your own Chinese. Remember, it's a word that adds gravitas, so use it when the situation truly calls for it.
我们郑重承诺，将保护您的个人信息。
Translation hint: We solemnly promise to protect your personal information.
老师郑重地告诫学生不要作弊。
Translation hint: The teacher seriously/solemnly warned the students not to cheat.
In summary, 郑重 (zhèng zhòng) is your go-to word when you want to convey seriousness, solemnity, and a deep sense of importance behind a statement or action. It's about making a significant impact with your words. Keep practicing these examples, and you'll get a feel for when to use it naturally.
Fun Fact
The character '郑' can also be a surname in Chinese, but in this context, its meaning is purely about being serious or solemn.
Examples by Level
我郑重地告诉你，这是真的。
I seriously tell you, this is true.
他郑重地承诺会帮助我们。
He solemnly promised to help us.
老师郑重地强调了纪律。
The teacher seriously emphasized discipline.
请你郑重考虑我的建议。
Please seriously consider my suggestion.
这是一项郑重的决定。
This is a serious decision.
她郑重地签下了自己的名字。
She solemnly signed her name.
我郑重地向你道歉。
I seriously apologize to you.
我们郑重地对待这项任务。
We seriously treat this task.
Often Confused With
This is a common collocation meaning 'solemn declaration' or 'serious statement.' It's a formal way to announce something important.
Means 'solemn promise' or 'serious commitment.' Used when someone makes an important vow or guarantee.
Means 'to treat seriously' or 'to take seriously.' Implies handling something with appropriate earnestness and respect.
Idioms & Expressions
"郑重声明 (zhèngzhòng shēngmíng)"
Make a solemn declaration/statement.
他郑重声明，自己对那件事情毫不知情。 (He solemnly declared that he knew nothing about that matter.)
formal"郑重承诺 (zhèngzhòng chéngnuò)"
Make a solemn promise/commitment.
我们郑重承诺，绝不辜负大家的期望。 (We solemnly promise not to disappoint everyone's expectations.)
formal"郑重对待 (zhèngzhòng duìdài)"
Treat seriously; take seriously.
这件事情很重要，我们必须郑重对待。 (This matter is very important, we must treat it seriously.)
neutral"郑重考虑 (zhèngzhòng kǎolǜ)"
Give serious consideration to.
请您郑重考虑我们的建议。 (Please give serious consideration to our suggestions.)
neutral"郑重其事 (zhèngzhòng qíshì)"
With all due solemnity; in a serious manner.
他郑重其事地宣布了会议结果。 (He solemnly announced the results of the meeting.)
formal"郑重地 (zhèngzhòng de)"
Seriously; solemnly (adverbial use).
她郑重地向大家道谢。 (She seriously thanked everyone.)
neutral"郑重指出 (zhèngzhòng zhǐchū)"
Solemnly point out.
专家郑重指出，过度使用手机对健康有害。 (Experts solemnly pointed out that excessive use of mobile phones is harmful to health.)
formal"郑重决定 (zhèngzhòng juédìng)"
Make a solemn decision.
经过郑重决定，我们最终选择了这个方案。 (After a solemn decision, we finally chose this plan.)
neutral"郑重答复 (zhèngzhòng dáfù)"
Give a solemn reply.
我需要时间来给您一个郑重答复。 (I need time to give you a solemn reply.)
formal"郑重文告 (zhèngzhòng wéngào)"
A solemn proclamation/manifesto.
政府发布了一份郑重文告。 (The government issued a solemn proclamation.)
formalEasily Confused
Sounds very similar to 郑重 and often describes a similar serious attitude, but it's an idiom describing acting with great care and solemnity.
While 郑重 is an adjective meaning serious or solemn, 郑重其事 is an idiom that means 'to treat something with all due seriousness' or 'to take something seriously.' It's about the manner of acting.
他郑重其事地向我道歉。 (Tā zhèngzhòngqíshì de xiàng wǒ dàoqiàn.) He seriously apologized to me.
Both mean 'serious,' but they have different nuances and common collocations.
郑重 (zhèngzhòng) often implies a sense of solemnity, earnestness, or formality in attitude or action, often concerning important matters. 严肃 (yánsù) can refer to a person's strict or grave demeanor, or a situation that is grave and lacks humor. 严肃 is more about a 'stern' or 'grave' kind of seriousness.
老师的表情很严肃。 (Lǎoshī de biǎoqíng hěn yánsù.) The teacher's expression was very serious/stern.
Often translated as 'serious,' leading to overlap with 郑重.
郑重 (zhèngzhòng) emphasizes a solemn or earnest attitude, often in speech or commitment. 认真 (rènzhēn) focuses on being conscientious, careful, and not perfunctory in one's work or studies. It's about attention to detail and diligence.
他工作很认真。 (Tā gōngzuò hěn rènzhēn.) He is very serious/conscientious about his work.
Very close in meaning to 郑重, both conveying solemnity.
庄重 (zhuāngzhòng) specifically refers to being dignified, solemn, and grave, often in appearance or manner. It emphasizes decorum and stateliness. 郑重 (zhèngzhòng) is more about the sincerity and earnestness of an attitude or action, often related to commitments or declarations.
她穿着一套庄重的礼服。 (Tā chuānzhe yī tào zhuāngzhòng de lǐfú.) She was wearing a dignified formal dress.
Implies a carefulness that can be seen as 'serious'.
慎重 (shènzhòng) means cautious, prudent, or circumspect. It's about thinking carefully before acting to avoid mistakes. While being 郑重 might involve being 慎重, the focus of 慎重 is on careful consideration.
请你慎重考虑一下。 (Qǐng nǐ shènzhòng kǎolǜ yīxià.) Please consider it carefully.
How to Use It
When 郑重 (zhèngzhòng) is used, it often implies a sense of gravity and earnestness. It can describe a person's attitude, manner, or the way they say or do something. For example, you might use it to describe someone making a serious promise or giving an important warning. It conveys a feeling of being very careful and responsible.
A common mistake is to confuse 郑重 with words like “认真” (rènzhēn - serious, conscientious) or “严肃” (yánsù - solemn, serious, grave). While there's overlap, 郑重 specifically emphasizes the earnest and deliberate nature of an action or statement, often carrying more weight than 认真. 严肃 can describe a general atmosphere or a person's demeanor, but 郑重 is more focused on the carefulness of an action. Don't use 郑重 when you just mean 'serious about a task'; use 认真 instead. For instance, you wouldn't say '他郑重学习' (tā zhèngzhòng xuéxí) to mean 'he studies seriously'; you'd say '他认真学习' (tā rènzhēn xuéxí). You use 郑重 when the seriousness is about a significant matter, like a promise, an apology, or an announcement.
Word Origin
Composed of '郑' (zhèng), meaning 'solemn/serious,' and '重' (zhòng), meaning 'heavy/important.'
Original meaning: The combination emphasizes the weight and gravity of something, suggesting a serious and earnest attitude.
Sino-TibetanCultural Context
In Chinese culture, '郑重' often implies a deep sense of responsibility and respect. When someone speaks or acts '郑重,' it signifies that they have carefully considered their words or actions, and expect others to treat them with equal gravity. This attitude is highly valued in formal settings, business negotiations, and important personal commitments.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Formal declarations or statements
- 郑重声明 (zhèngzhòng shēngmíng) - solemn declaration
- 郑重承诺 (zhèngzhòng chéngnuò) - solemn promise
- 郑重宣布 (zhèngzhòng xuānbù) - solemnly announce
Serious warnings or advice
- 郑重警告 (zhèngzhòng jǐnggào) - serious warning
- 郑重提醒 (zhèngzhòng tíxǐng) - serious reminder
- 郑重建议 (zhèngzhòng jiànyì) - serious advice
Approaching important matters with gravity
- 郑重考虑 (zhèngzhòng kǎolǜ) - to consider seriously
- 郑重对待 (zhèngzhòng duìdài) - to treat seriously
- 郑重地 (zhèngzhòng de) - seriously; solemnly (adverb)
Apologies or thanks for significant issues
- 郑重道歉 (zhèngzhòng dàoqiàn) - to apologize solemnly
- 郑重感谢 (zhèngzhòng gǎnxiè) - to thank solemnly
Formal ceremonies or occasions
- 郑重的场合 (zhèngzhòng de chǎnghé) - solemn occasion
- 郑重的仪式 (zhèngzhòng de yíshì) - solemn ceremony
Conversation Starters
"你觉得什么时候需要郑重地表达自己的看法？(Nǐ juédé shénme shíhou xūyào zhèngzhòng de biǎodá zìjǐ de kànfǎ?) - When do you think it's necessary to express your opinions seriously?"
"你有没有郑重地向某人承诺过什么事？(Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu zhèngzhòng de xiàng mǒurén chéngnuò guò shénme shì?) - Have you ever solemnly promised something to someone?"
"在工作中，你会郑重地对待哪些事情？(Zài gōngzuò zhōng, nǐ huì zhèngzhòng de duìdài nǎxiē shìqíng?) - In your work, what things do you treat seriously?"
"你认为一个好的领导者应该如何郑重地处理问题？(Nǐ rènwéi yīgè hǎo de lǐngdǎozhě yīnggāi rúhé zhèngzhòng de chǔlǐ wèntí?) - How do you think a good leader should seriously handle problems?"
"如果有人给你一个郑重的建议，你会怎么做？(Rúguǒ yǒurén gěi nǐ yīgè zhèngzhòng de jiànyì, nǐ huì zěnme zuò?) - If someone gives you serious advice, what would you do?"
Journal Prompts
描述一次你需要郑重声明或宣布的经历。(Miáoshù yī cì nǐ xūyào zhèngzhòng shēngmíng huò xuānbù de jīnglì.) - Describe an experience where you needed to make a solemn declaration or announcement.
思考你生活中哪些事情需要你郑重地去对待。(Sīkǎo nǐ shēnghuó zhōng nǎxiē shìqíng xūyào nǐ zhèngzhòng de qù duìdài.) - Reflect on what things in your life require you to treat them seriously.
写下你最近一次郑重道歉或感谢的场景和感受。(Xiě xià nǐ zuìjìn yī cì zhèngzhòng dàoqiàn huò gǎnxiè de chǎngjǐng hé gǎnshòu.) - Write about the scene and feelings of your most recent solemn apology or thanks.
想象你正在做一个重要的演讲，你会如何郑重地开始和结束？(Xiǎngxiàng nǐ zhèngzài zuò yīgè zhòngyào de yǎnjiǎng, nǐ huì rúhé zhèngzhòng de kāishǐ hé jiéshù?) - Imagine you are giving an important speech. How would you seriously start and end it?
如果你的朋友给你一个郑重的承诺，这对你意味着什么？(Rúguǒ nǐ de péngyǒu gěi nǐ yīgè zhèngzhòng de chéngnuò, zhè duì nǐ yìwèizhe shénme?) - If your friend gives you a solemn promise, what does that mean to you?
Test Yourself 60 questions
她____地说“对不起”。 (She ____ said "sorry".)
The context implies she said sorry in a serious or solemn manner.
老师____地告诉我们不要迟到。 (The teacher ____ told us not to be late.)
The teacher would seriously tell students not to be late.
他____地承诺会帮助我。 (He ____ promised to help me.)
To promise someone something implies a serious commitment.
我们____地讨论这个问题。 (We ____ discussed this problem.)
Discussing a problem seriously suggests a careful and considered approach.
请你____地回答我的问题。 (Please answer my question ____.)
Asking someone to answer seriously means you want a careful and truthful response.
经理____地宣布了新的规定。 (The manager ____ announced the new rules.)
Announcing new rules implies a formal and serious tone.
Choose the correct character for '我' (I):
The character '我' means 'I' or 'me'.
Which of these means 'hello'?
你好 (nǐ hǎo) is the common way to say 'hello' in Chinese.
What is the English meaning of '谢谢'?
谢谢 (xiè xie) means 'thank you'.
The character '大' means 'small'.
The character '大' (dà) means 'big'. '小' (xiǎo) means 'small'.
In Chinese, '是' (shì) can mean 'is' or 'yes'.
是 (shì) functions as 'to be' (is, am, are) and also as a way to say 'yes' in response to a yes/no question.
'再见' (zài jiàn) means 'thank you'.
再见 (zài jiàn) means 'goodbye'. 谢谢 (xiè xie) means 'thank you'.
Write a short sentence saying hello to someone.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
你好！
Write a sentence asking 'How are you?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
你好吗？
Write a sentence saying 'I am good, thank you.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我很好，谢谢。
What is the speaker's name?
Read this passage:
你好。我叫小明。你呢？
What is the speaker's name?
The passage says '我叫小明', which means 'My name is Xiaoming'.
The passage says '我叫小明', which means 'My name is Xiaoming'.
Did the speaker eat?
Read this passage:
你吃饭了吗？我吃了。
Did the speaker eat?
The passage says '我吃了', which means 'I ate'.
The passage says '我吃了', which means 'I ate'.
What does '书' mean?
Read this passage:
这是我的书。那是你的笔。
What does '书' mean?
'书' means book.
'书' means book.
This exercise helps you practice the word order of a simple sentence using '郑重'.
This exercise reinforces the use of '郑重地' as an adverb in a simple sentence.
This exercise shows how '郑重地' can be used with a verb to express a serious consideration.
老师___地告诉我们考试的规则。
In this context, the teacher is stating rules, which implies seriousness and solemnity, making '郑重' the most appropriate choice. '轻松' means relaxed, '随便' means casual, and '高兴' means happy.
他___承诺，一定会完成任务。
When making a promise, especially to complete a task, it's typically done with seriousness and sincerity, so '郑重' (solemnly) fits best. '随便' means casually, '偶尔' means occasionally, and '匆忙' means hurriedly.
会议室里的气氛很___，大家都在等待宣布结果。
The atmosphere in a meeting room when awaiting results suggests seriousness and gravity, which aligns with '郑重' (solemn). '活泼' means lively, '紧张' means tense, and '愉快' means pleasant.
这位老人___地向大家讲述了他的经历。
When an elder recounts their experiences, especially in a way that suggests importance or gravity, '郑重' (solemnly) is the most suitable adverb. '大声' means loudly, '轻松' means relaxed, and '开心地' means happily.
请您___地考虑我的建议。
Asking someone to 'solemnly' or 'seriously' consider a suggestion indicates that you want them to take it with due importance, making '郑重' the correct choice. '随便' means casually, '快速' means quickly, and '简单' means simply.
他___地发表了对这件事的看法。
When expressing views on a matter, especially with conviction or importance, '郑重' (solemnly/seriously) is appropriate. '随便' and '随意' both mean casually, and '轻松' means relaxed.
He solemnly promised to help us.
Please seriously consider my suggestion.
The teacher solemnly announced the exam results.
Read this aloud:
他郑重地向我道歉了。
Focus: zhèngzhòng
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
这是一个非常郑重的决定。
Focus: juédìng
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我郑重地告诉你，这是真的。
Focus: gàosù
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Choose the sentence where “郑重” is used correctly.
“郑重” describes a serious, solemn manner or attitude, not an object or an action like eating or telling a story. Considering advice seriously fits the meaning.
Which of the following situations would most appropriately be described with “郑重”?
“郑重” is used for serious or important matters. Announcing a new, important regulation requires a solemn and serious demeanor.
What is the most suitable synonym for “郑重” in the context of '郑重地承诺' (seriously promise)?
“认真” also means serious or conscientious, and it can often be used interchangeably with “郑重” when describing a serious attitude or action.
如果你郑重地对待一份工作，这意味着你对它不重视。
“郑重地对待”表示非常重视和认真，而不是不重视。
在正式场合发言时，使用“郑重”来形容你的态度是恰当的。
“郑重”表示严肃而庄重，非常适合描述在正式场合的发言态度。
“郑重”可以用来形容一个人的外貌，表示他看起来很时尚。
“郑重”主要形容态度、言行或场合的严肃性，不能用来形容一个人的时尚外貌。
The speaker is making a serious promise.
The speaker emphasizes the importance of handling a matter carefully.
The speaker is describing how someone announced a decision.
Read this aloud:
请你郑重考虑我的建议。
Focus: zhèngzhòng
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我们应该郑重地对待每一次机会。
Focus: zhèngzhòng de
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
面对这样的指控，他郑重地否认了。
Focus: zhèngzhòng de fǒurèn
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
在正式场合，发言通常要态度_______。
在正式场合，发言需要表达出认真、庄重的态度，因此“郑重”是最佳选择。'随便'（casual）、'轻松'（relaxed）、'活泼'（lively）都不符合正式场合的要求。
面对如此重要的决定，他显得非常_______。
面对重要的决定，人会表现出认真、审慎的态度，因此“郑重”符合语境。'轻率'（rash）、'随意'（casual）、'敷衍'（perfunctory）都表示不认真或不负责任的态度。
老师_______地告诫学生们要认真对待学业。
老师告诫学生认真学习，通常会以严肃、庄重的态度，因此“郑重”是合适的。'开玩笑'（joking）、'随便'（casual）、'马虎'（careless）都与老师的告诫态度不符。
当一个人对某事表示郑重时，通常意味着他对待此事非常随意。
“郑重”表示严肃、庄重、认真，与“随意”是相反的意思。
签署重要合同前，人们通常会以郑重的态度阅读条款。
签署重要合同需要认真核对，因此保持郑重的态度是恰当的。
在非正式的日常交流中，使用“郑重”一词可以增加轻松愉快的氛围。
“郑重”带有严肃、庄重的色彩，通常用于正式场合或表达重要的态度，不适合营造轻松愉快的氛围。
Imagine you are giving an important speech about environmental protection. Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) where you use '郑重' to emphasize the seriousness of the issue and your commitment. Focus on expressing a solemn and earnest tone.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
各位来宾，女士们、先生们，今天我们郑重地站在这里，讨论地球面临的严峻挑战。环境污染问题已刻不容缓，它关乎我们每个人的未来。我在此郑重承诺，将尽我所能，为环境保护事业贡献一份力量，守护我们共同的家园。
You are writing a formal letter to a friend, apologizing for a serious misunderstanding. Use '郑重' to convey the sincerity and gravity of your apology. Include at least two sentences with '郑重'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
亲爱的[朋友的名字]，关于上次的事情，我郑重地向你道歉。我知道我的言行可能给你带来了困扰，对此我深感抱歉。我郑重承诺，今后会更加注意自己的言行，避免再次发生此类误会。希望你能接受我的真心歉意。
Describe a moment when you or someone you know made a serious promise. Use '郑重' to highlight the weight and sincerity of that promise. Write 3-4 sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我的父亲在家庭会议上郑重地向我们宣布，他将戒烟。那个时刻，他的表情非常严肃，声音也带着一种前所未有的郑重。我们知道，这不是一句随意的承诺，而是他经过深思熟虑后的郑重决定。从那天起，他真的再也没有碰过烟。
根据这段文字，主席的声明具有什么特点？
Read this passage:
在一次重要的国际会议上，主席郑重声明，所有国家都应遵守国际法，维护世界和平。他的话语掷地有声，在场的所有代表都感受到了这份郑重的分量。这一声明对国际关系产生了深远的影响。
根据这段文字，主席的声明具有什么特点？
原文中“郑重声明”和“感受到了这份郑重的分量”都表明声明是严肃而认真的。
原文中“郑重声明”和“感受到了这份郑重的分量”都表明声明是严肃而认真的。
公司在年度报告中对未来的态度是什么？
Read this passage:
公司在年度报告中郑重指出，去年的业绩增长主要得益于全体员工的辛勤付出。这份报告不仅是对过去的总结，更是对未来的郑重规划。每个字眼都透露出对未来的信心和对员工的肯定。
公司在年度报告中对未来的态度是什么？
文中提到“更是对未来的郑重规划”和“透露出对未来的信心”，表明公司对未来充满信心并进行了认真规划。
文中提到“更是对未来的郑重规划”和“透露出对未来的信心”，表明公司对未来充满信心并进行了认真规划。
说话者对“这次任务”的态度是怎样的？
Read this passage:
他郑重地对我说，这次任务的成败将直接影响到团队的未来。所以，我们必须全力以赴，不能有丝毫懈怠。他的语气让我感受到了巨大的压力，也激发了我的责任感。
说话者对“这次任务”的态度是怎样的？
“郑重地对我说”和“任务的成败将直接影响到团队的未来”都表明说话者对任务的态度非常严肃，并强调了其重要性。
“郑重地对我说”和“任务的成败将直接影响到团队的未来”都表明说话者对任务的态度非常严肃，并强调了其重要性。
/ 60 correct
Perfect score!
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More daily_life words
朝九晚五
B2From nine to five; regular working hours.
未免
B2Rather; a bit too; truly (implies something excessive).
废弃
B2To abandon; to discard; to cease to use.
恪守
B2To scrupulously observe; to strictly adhere to.
反常
B2abnormal, unusual
充裕
B2Abundant; ample.
充沛
B2Abundant; plentiful; full of energy.
门禁卡
B2Access card; entry card.
门禁
B2Access control (system).
配件
B2Fittings; accessories; spare parts.
