B1 noun Neutral 1 min read

副食

fù shí /fù shí/

Vice-food refers to non-staple food items that provide essential nutrients to complement staple foods.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • Supplementary foods beyond staple grains.
  • Provides essential nutrients like protein and vitamins.
  • Includes meats, vegetables, fruits, dairy, etc.

Overview

副食,顾名思义,是指相对于“主食”而言的食物类别。在中国饮食文化中,主食通常指提供碳水化合物能量的食物,如米饭、面条、馒头、玉米等。而副食则涵盖了所有非主食的食物,它们主要为人体提供蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维等,是构成均衡饮食不可或缺的部分。副食的范围非常广泛,包括动物性食品(如肉、禽、蛋、奶、鱼)和植物性食品(如蔬菜、水果、豆类及其制品)。在日常生活中,我们常说的“荤菜”和“素菜”很大程度上也属于副食的范畴。

在日常口语和书面语中,“副食”一词常用于讨论饮食结构、营养搭配、食品供应或市场销售等话题。例如,在讨论家庭饮食时,人们会关注主食和副食的比例是否得当;在宏观层面,政府可能会制定政策来保障副食品的供应和价格稳定;在营养学领域,副食的种类和摄入量是衡量膳食平衡的重要指标。它强调的是食物在整体膳食中的功能性定位,即补充主食的营养不足。

副食一词常见于以下语境:

**教育与科普**:在健康饮食教育中,解释主食与副食的概念及重要性。

与“副食”相近的词语包括“菜肴”、“配菜”、“零食”等,但它们侧重点不同:

  • 菜肴 (cài yáo):更侧重于烹饪好的、可以直接食用的菜品,强调其作为餐桌上的“一道菜”的身份。副食包含的范围比菜肴更广,比如生蔬菜、水果、牛奶都可以是副食,但不一定是“菜肴”。
  • 配菜 (pèi cài):通常指搭配主食一起食用,起到补充营养或调剂口味的菜品。它强调的是与主食的搭配关系,而“副食”更侧重于食物的功能分类。
  • 零食 (líng shí):指在正餐之外,用于充饥或满足口腹之欲的食物。虽然很多零食(如坚果、水果)也属于副食,但“零食”强调的是食用时间,而“副食”强调的是食物的营养功能和分类。

Examples

1

今天的午餐有米饭、红烧肉和清炒时蔬,副食搭配得很合理。

everyday

Today's lunch includes rice, braised pork, and stir-fried seasonal vegetables; the side dishes are well-balanced.

2

政府应采取措施,确保城乡居民能够获得充足且价格合理的副食品供应。

formal

The government should take measures to ensure adequate and reasonably priced supply of non-staple foods for urban and rural residents.

3

我妈说我平时吃太多主食,副食吃得太少,营养不均衡。

informal

My mom says I eat too many staples and too few side dishes, leading to an unbalanced diet.

4

研究表明,膳食中副食的多样性与心血管疾病发病率呈负相关。

academic

Research indicates that the diversity of non-staple foods in the diet is negatively correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

Common Collocations

副食品 non-staple food products
副食供应 supply of non-staple foods
荤副食 meat and other non-staple foods (animal-based)
素副食 vegetable and other non-staple foods (plant-based)

Common Phrases

保证副食供应

ensure the supply of non-staple foods

副食加工

processing of non-staple foods

荤副食

animal-based non-staple foods

Often Confused With

副食 vs 菜肴

'菜肴' refers specifically to cooked dishes served in a meal, often emphasizing the culinary aspect. '副食' is a broader category that includes all non-staple foods, even raw ones like fruits or milk.

副食 vs 零食

'零食' (snacks) are foods eaten between main meals. While many snacks are '副食', the term '副食' focuses on the nutritional role and classification within a diet, not the timing of consumption.

Grammar Patterns

主食 + 和/与 + 副食 充足的副食 副食供应 副食种类

How to Use It

Usage Notes

The term '副食' is commonly used in discussions about nutrition, diet, and food supply in Chinese-speaking regions. It clearly distinguishes these food items from staple grains. While '菜' (dish) can sometimes overlap, '副食' is a more technical or systematic classification.


Common Mistakes

Learners might sometimes confuse '副食' with '零食' (snacks) or only think of it as 'dishes' (菜肴). It's important to remember that '副食' is a broad category encompassing all non-staple food sources, including dairy, fruits, and legumes, not just prepared dishes.

Tips

💡

Understand Food Categories

Grasp the distinction between staple foods (主食) and non-staple foods (副食) for balanced eating.

⚠️

Avoid Over-reliance on Staples

Ensure adequate intake of vice-foods to get a full spectrum of nutrients, not just carbohydrates.

🌍

Traditional Chinese Diet Balance

Traditional Chinese meals emphasize a balance between staple grains and a variety of vice-foods like vegetables and protein sources.

Word Origin

The term '副食' is a combination of '副' (fù), meaning secondary, auxiliary, or vice-, and '食' (shí), meaning food. It literally translates to 'secondary food' or 'accompanying food', emphasizing its role in complementing the primary staple foods.

Cultural Context

In traditional Chinese cuisine, meals are built around staple grains like rice or noodles (主食), complemented by a variety of side dishes (副食) that provide flavor, texture, and essential nutrients. The balance between 主食 and 副食 is considered crucial for health.

Memory Tip

Think of '副' (fù) as 'accompanying' or 'secondary', and '食' (shí) as 'food'. So, '副食' is the accompanying food that complements the main '主食' (staple food).

Frequently Asked Questions

4 questions

主食主要提供碳水化合物,如米饭、面条、馒头,是能量的主要来源。副食则指除了主食以外的食物,如肉、蛋、蔬菜、水果等,主要提供蛋白质、维生素、矿物质等营养素。

副食的范围很广,包括所有非主食的食物。具体来说,有动物性食品(肉、禽、蛋、奶、鱼)和植物性食品(蔬菜、水果、豆类及其制品)。

副食对于维持人体健康至关重要,因为它们提供了主食无法充分提供的蛋白质、维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维等必需营养素,有助于身体各项功能的正常运作和疾病的预防。

是的,两者基本是同义词。“副食品”在一些语境下可能更强调作为商品或供应对象的食品,但两者都指代非主食的食物类别。

Test Yourself

fill blank

为了保证营养均衡,我们不仅要吃够米饭,还要搭配充足的___。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: 副食

句子强调除了米饭(主食)之外还需要补充的营养来源,因此“副食”是最合适的选项。

multiple choice

下列哪项不属于副食?

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: 馒头

馒头是主要的碳水化合物来源,属于主食,而红烧肉、炒青菜和牛奶都属于副食。

sentence building

请用“副食”这个词语,按照“保证...,搭配...”的句式造句。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: 保证主食,搭配副食。

这个选项直接体现了“副食”作为“主食”补充的含义,符合句式要求。

Score: /3

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