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B1 adverb 9 min de leitura

درازکش

deraz-kesh
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas درازکش em 30 segundos
Explicação درازکش in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'درازکش' (derāz-kesh) as a way to say 'lying down.' Even though it's a B1 word, you can use it simply with the word 'hastam' (I am). For example, if you are on your bed and someone asks what you are doing, you can say 'Man derāz-kesh hastam.' It is made of two parts: 'derāz' which means 'long' (like a long pencil) and 'kesh' which comes from 'stretching.' So, it's like saying you are 'stretched long.' It's a very useful word for talking about resting. You don't need to worry about complex grammar; just treat it like a description of yourself, like saying 'I am happy' or 'I am tall.' Just remember it's for people and animals, not for books or pens!
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'درازکش' (derāz-kesh) in more complete sentences and with different verbs like 'shodan' (to become). You might use it when you are talking about being tired after school or work. For example: 'Khasta budam, derāz-kesh shodam' (I was tired, I lay down). You can also use it to describe others. 'Gorbe derāz-kesh ast' (The cat is lying down). At this level, you should notice that it's different from 'khābidan' (to sleep). 'Khābidan' is what you do at night for 8 hours. 'Derāz-kesh' is just the position of your body. You can be 'derāz-kesh' while watching TV or reading a book. It's a great word to add more detail to your daily routine descriptions.
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As a B1 learner, you should understand 'درازکش' (derāz-kesh) as a predicative adverb that describes a state of horizontal extension. You should be able to use it in various contexts: medical, recreational, and descriptive. You should distinguish it from the compound verb 'derāz keshidan' (the act of lying down). 'Derāz-kesh' is the *result* of that action. For example, 'Man derāz keshidam' (I lay down - action) vs 'Man derāz-kesh hastam' (I am lying down - state). You should also be comfortable using it with 'māndan' (to remain) to describe duration. This word is essential for describing physical comfort, medical instructions, and scenes in stories. It's a neutral word, suitable for both informal and semi-formal situations.
At the B2 level, you should appreciate the nuances of 'درازکش' (derāz-kesh) in literature and more formal discourse. You can use it to describe not just people, but also the metaphorical 'stretching' of things like shadows or light in a descriptive essay. You should also be aware of the cultural implications: when it is appropriate to be 'derāz-kesh' and when it is considered 'bi-adabi' (impolite). You can use it in complex sentences with subordinate clauses, such as: 'Be mahz-e inke derāz-kesh shodam, khābam bord' (As soon as I lay down, I fell asleep). At this level, you should also be able to compare it accurately with synonyms like 'tāgh-bāz' (supine) and 'domar' (prone) to give precise physical descriptions.
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For C1 learners, 'درازکش' (derāz-kesh) is a tool for precise and evocative language. You should use it to create vivid imagery in your writing. Beyond the physical act, you might encounter it in psychological contexts, describing a state of total surrender or passivity. You should be able to identify its morphological roots and how they contribute to the word's feel—the 'kesh' suffix adding a sense of duration and extension. You should also be able to use it in academic or medical reports where posture is relevant. Furthermore, you should be able to explain the difference between 'derāz-kesh' and other adverbial compounds in Persian, showing a deep understanding of Persian word formation patterns.
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At the C2 level, you should have a native-like grasp of 'درازکش' (derāz-kesh), using it effortlessly in all registers. You can use it in philosophical discussions about the human condition—perhaps discussing the 'derāz-kesh' state as a form of meditation or a return to the earth. You should be able to play with the word in poetry or creative prose, perhaps personifying inanimate objects or abstract concepts by giving them a 'derāz-kesh' quality. Your understanding should include the historical evolution of such compounds in Persian and their presence in classical versus modern literature. You should be able to use it to convey subtle shades of meaning, such as the difference between a restful 'derāz-kesh' and a defeated, heavy 'derāz-kesh'.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

درازکش em 30 segundos

  • Means 'lying down' or 'stretched out'.
  • Used for people and animals, not objects.
  • Common in medical and relaxation contexts.
  • Formed from 'long' (derāz) and 'stretch' (kesh).

The Persian word درازکش (derāz-kesh) is a fascinating adverbial compound that describes a specific physical state: being stretched out in a horizontal or lying position. Etymologically, it combines derāz (long) and kesh (the present stem of keshidan, meaning to pull or stretch). Thus, it literally translates to 'long-stretched.' While English often simply uses 'lying down,' درازکش specifically emphasizes the elongated, relaxed, or prone posture of the body. It is most commonly used as a predicative adverb with the auxiliary verbs بودن (to be), شدن (to become), or ماندن (to remain).

Physical Posture
It describes a person lying on their back, side, or stomach, usually on a flat surface like a bed, sofa, or the ground. It implies a sense of rest or physical necessity (like a medical exam).

او تمام بعدازظهر را روی کاناپه درازکش بود و کتاب می‌خواند.

Translation: He was lying stretched out on the couch all afternoon reading a book.

In a medical context, a doctor might instruct a patient to 'become derāz-kesh' on the examination table. In daily life, it is the go-to word for describing someone relaxing after a long day of work. It differs from the verb khābidan (to sleep/lie down) because khābidan is an action, whereas درازکش is a state or manner. You can be khābidide (lying down) while sleeping, but درازکش is more about the physical orientation of the limbs and torso.

Grammatical Usage
This word functions as an adverb of manner. It does not change for gender or number, making it very easy to plug into sentences once you know the auxiliary verb.

بیمار باید به صورت درازکش استراحت کند.

Translation: The patient must rest in a lying position.

Culturally, Iranians might use this word when talking about 'shab-neshini' (evening gatherings) where, in very informal settings among close family, one might eventually get tired and lie down on a cushion (poshti). It conveys a sense of comfort and lack of formality. However, in formal settings, staying درازکش while others are sitting is considered impolite, highlighting the word's connection to relaxation and private spaces.

Visualizing the Word
Imagine a cat stretching out in a patch of sunlight on the floor. That state of being fully extended and horizontal is exactly what this word captures.

سربازها در چمن درازکش بودند.

Translation: The soldiers were stretched out in the grass.

پس از ورزش، کمی درازکش شدم تا ضربان قلبم پایین بیاید.

Translation: After exercising, I lay down for a bit so my heart rate would decrease.

Using درازکش correctly requires understanding its relationship with verbs. It is not a standalone action like 'to lie down' (derāz keshidan - note the slight difference in the compound verb form), but rather a description of the state. When you say 'I am lying down,' you use derāz-kesh hastam. When you say 'I lay down' (the action), you can use derāz keshidam. This distinction is subtle but important for B1 learners moving toward fluency.

With 'To Be' (بودن)
This is the most common usage. It describes the current state. Example: 'The cat is lying down.' (Gorbe derāz-kesh ast).

او روی تخت درازکش بود و به سقف خیره شده بود.

Translation: He was lying on the bed staring at the ceiling.

Another frequent use is with shodan (to become/to get into a position). This is often used in instructions. For instance, in a yoga class or at a physiotherapy session, the instructor might say, 'Now, get into a lying position.' (Hālā derāz-kesh shavid).

With 'To Remain' (ماندن)
Used to describe staying in that position for a duration. Example: 'He remained lying down for an hour.'

او برای مدتی درازکش ماند تا سرگیجه‌اش برطرف شود.

Translation: He remained lying down for a while until his dizziness went away.

You can also use it to modify other verbs like ghazā khordan (to eat) or film didan (to watch a movie). This describes the manner in which the activity is performed. 'Eating while lying down' is derāz-kesh ghazā khordan, which is often discouraged in Persian culture for health and etiquette reasons.

Negative Sentences
To say you are NOT lying down, simply negate the auxiliary verb. 'Man derāz-kesh nistam' (I am not lying down).

چرا درازکش نیستی؟ مگر دکتر نگفت استراحت کن؟

Translation: Why aren't you lying down? Didn't the doctor say to rest?

In literary Persian, you might see it used to describe the fallen state of a hero or the peaceful state of nature. It is a versatile word that bridges the gap between simple physical description and more evocative imagery of stillness and repose.

سایه درختان به صورت درازکش روی زمین پهن شده بود.

Translation: The shadows of the trees were spread out lying on the ground.

In modern Iran, you will encounter درازکش in several key environments. The most common is the domestic sphere. Families often spend time in a 'living room' (hal) where furniture might be minimal or where people feel comfortable enough to stretch out on the carpet (farsh) while watching television or chatting. You might hear a mother tell her tired child, 'Boro derāz-kesh sho' (Go lie down/stretch out).

The Medical Setting
This is perhaps the most 'functional' place to hear the word. Doctors, nurses, and radiologists use it constantly. 'Lotfan ruye takht derāz-kesh beshavid' (Please lie down on the bed) is a standard phrase in every clinic.

دکتر از من خواست که به صورت درازکش بمانم تا معاینه تمام شود.

Translation: The doctor asked me to remain in a lying position until the exam was finished.

In sports and fitness, especially in traditional Iranian gymnastics (Varzesh-e Pahlavāni) or modern yoga and Pilates classes, the word is used for floor exercises. An instructor might say, 'Dar hālat-e derāz-kesh, pāhā-ye khod rā bālā biāvarid' (In a lying position, bring your legs up).

Literature and Media
In Persian cinema or novels, the word might be used to describe a character's depression or extreme exhaustion. A character 'derāz-kesh' on the floor of a dark room conveys a powerful image of defeat or deep thought.

او تمام روز را درازکش در اتاق تاریکش سپری کرد.

Translation: He spent the whole day lying stretched out in his dark room.

You will also hear it in news reports or military contexts. For example, 'Sarbāzān be surāt-e derāz-kesh sangar gereftand' (The soldiers took cover in a lying position). This highlights the tactical use of the word. It's not just about comfort; it's about the geometry of the body relative to the ground.

Common Conversations
When someone asks, 'What are you doing?' and you are relaxing on the couch, a common reply is 'Hamin-turi derāz-kesh oftādam' (I'm just lying here/stretched out).

خسته بودم، رفتم یک گوشه درازکش شدم.

Translation: I was tired, I went to a corner and lay down.

Learning درازکش involves avoiding a few common pitfalls that English speakers often encounter due to the way 'lying' and 'laying' work in English. In Persian, the distinction is more about the state versus the action, and the specific compound used.

Mistake 1: Confusing it with the verb 'to sleep' (Khābidan)
While khābidan can mean to lie down, it primarily means to sleep. If you say 'Man khābidam,' people might think you are going to bed to sleep. If you just want to say you are resting horizontally, درازکش is more accurate.

Wrong: من در حال خوابیدن روی کاناپه هستم (when you just mean resting).
Right: من روی کاناپه درازکش هستم.

Mistake 2: Incorrect Compound Verb Formation. Some learners confuse derāz-kesh (the adverb) with derāz keshidan (the verb). Remember: derāz-kesh describes the *state* (often with 'be'), while derāz keshidan is the *action* of lying down.

Mistake 2: Using it for Objects
You generally don't use درازکش for inanimate objects like a pen or a book lying on a table. For objects, use 'ru-ye miz ast' (is on the table) or 'oftāde ast' (has fallen/is lying). درازکش is almost exclusively for living beings that can 'stretch' their bodies.

Wrong: کتاب روی زمین درازکش است.
Right: کتاب روی زمین افتاده است.

Mistake 3: Word Order
Learners sometimes put the verb before the adverb. In Persian, the adverbial state درازکش should come before the auxiliary verb.

Correct: او درازکش شد.
Incorrect: او شد درازکش.

Finally, ensure you don't confuse it with derāz-ghad (tall). Both start with derāz (long), but one refers to height while standing, and the other refers to a horizontal position.

Pronunciation Check
Make sure the 'sh' at the end is crisp. It's 'de-rāz-kesh', not 'de-rāz-kash'. The 'e' in 'kesh' is like the 'e' in 'best'.

While درازکش is a very useful word, Persian has several other ways to describe being in a horizontal position, each with its own nuance. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right context.

1. خوابیده (Khābide)
This is the past participle of 'khābidan.' It is the most general term for 'lying down' or 'asleep.' Use this when you don't need to emphasize the 'stretching' aspect.
2. طاق‌باز (Tāgh-bāz)
This is a specific term for lying on one's back (supine). If a doctor wants you specifically on your back, they might use this instead of the more general درازکش.
3. دمر (Domar)
The opposite of 'tāgh-bāz,' this means lying on one's stomach (prone). It's very common in colloquial speech, e.g., 'Don't lie on your stomach, it's bad for your digestion.'

Comparison:
- درازکش: General horizontal position.
- طاق‌باز: Specifically on the back.
- دمر: Specifically on the stomach.

Another alternative is pahn-shode (spread out). This is often used for things that cover a large area, like a rug, or metaphorically for a person who is extremely exhausted and 'spread out' on the floor.

4. افقی (Ofoghi)
This means 'horizontal.' It is more technical or mathematical. You wouldn't say 'I am horizontal' in a casual way, but you might use it in a technical description of a posture.

او به جای نشستن، درازکش روی زمین پهن شده بود.

Translation: Instead of sitting, he was spread out lying on the ground.

In summary, choose درازکش when you want to describe the state of being stretched out for rest, medical examination, or casual relaxation. Use the more specific terms like tāgh-bāz or domar when the exact orientation of the body (back vs. stomach) matters.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The root 'derāz' is related to the English word 'long' through the Indo-European root *del- (long). The 'kesh' part is found in many Persian words related to pulling, like 'kesh' (rubber band) and 'kesh-varz' (farmer, literally 'one who pulls/works the land').

Guia de pronúncia

UK /de.ɾɒːz.keʃ/
US /de.rɑːz.keʃ/
The stress is typically on the final syllable 'kesh'.
Rima com
کِش (kesh) نِش (nesh) تِش (tesh) فلش (flesh) سرزنش (sar-zanesh) آرامش (ārāmesh) کوشش (kushesh) ورزش (varzesh - slant rhyme)
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing 'kesh' as 'kash' (rhyming with 'mash').
  • Making the 'e' in 'de' too long like 'dee'.
  • Swapping the 'z' and 's' sounds.
  • Ignoring the long 'ā' in 'rāz'.
  • Adding an extra vowel between 's' and 'h' in 'kesh'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

Easy to recognize once you know 'derāz' and 'kesh'.

Escrita 4/5

The compound nature requires remembering the 'e' vowel in 'kesh'.

Expressão oral 3/5

Very natural to say, though learners often default to 'khābide'.

Audição 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to catch in context.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

دراز (derāz) کشیدن (keshidan) خوابیدن (khābidan) تخت (takht) کاناپه (kānāpe)

Aprenda a seguir

طاق‌باز (tāgh-bāz) دمر (domar) استراحت (esterāhat) معاینه (mo'āyene) کمردرد (kamardard)

Avançado

انفعال (enfe'āl) تسلیم (taslim) خمودگی (khamudegi)

Gramática essencial

Compound Adverbs

Words like درازکش are formed by combining an adjective and a verbal stem.

Predicative Adjectives/Adverbs

In sentences like 'او درازکش است', the word functions as a predicate describing the subject.

Compound Verbs with 'Shodan'

'درازکش شدن' is a compound verb meaning 'to lie down'.

Adverbial Position

The adverb usually comes before the verb in Persian.

Nominalization

Adding 'i' to 'derāz' makes it a noun ('derāzi'), but 'derāz-kesh' remains primarily adverbial.

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Exemplos por nível

1

من درازکش هستم.

I am lying down.

Subject + Adverb + Verb (hastam).

2

گربه روی زمین درازکش است.

The cat is lying on the ground.

Using 'ast' for the third person singular.

3

او درازکش شد.

He/She lay down.

Using 'shod' to show the change of state.

4

آیا تو درازکش هستی؟

Are you lying down?

Question form using 'āyā'.

5

بچه درازکش بود.

The child was lying down.

Past tense 'bud'.

6

ما درازکش هستیم.

We are lying down.

Plural form 'hastim'.

7

روی کاناپه درازکش شو.

Lie down on the sofa.

Imperative form 'sho'.

8

آنها درازکش بودند.

They were lying down.

Third person plural past 'budand'.

1

خیلی خسته‌ام، می‌خواهم درازکش باشم.

I'm very tired, I want to be lying down.

Using 'mi-khāham' with the infinitive 'bāsham'.

2

سگ کنار صاحبش درازکش بود.

The dog was lying down next to its owner.

Prepositional phrase 'kenār-e'.

3

وقتی تلفن زنگ زد، من درازکش بودم.

When the phone rang, I was lying down.

Time clause using 'vaghti'.

4

او تمام روز درازکش ماند.

He stayed lying down all day.

Using 'mānd' for duration.

5

لطفاً برای معاینه درازکش شوید.

Please lie down for the examination.

Formal imperative 'shavid'.

6

برادرم درازکش فیلم می‌بیند.

My brother watches movies while lying down.

Adverb modifying the verb 'film mi-binad'.

7

چرا اینجا درازکش هستی؟

Why are you lying down here?

Question word 'cherā'.

8

او درازکش است و استراحت می‌کند.

He is lying down and resting.

Compound sentence with 'va'.

1

بیمار باید به صورت درازکش به بیمارستان منتقل شود.

The patient must be transferred to the hospital in a lying position.

Passive voice 'montaghel shavad'.

2

پس از دویدن زیاد، درازکش روی چمن‌ها افتادم.

After running a lot, I fell down stretched out on the grass.

Using 'oftādan' to imply suddenness or exhaustion.

3

او در حالت درازکش هم می‌تواند بنویسد.

He can write even in a lying position.

Using 'dar hālat-e' for more formal description.

4

درازکش بودن برای کمردرد او مفید است.

Being in a lying position is good for his back pain.

Gerund-like use of 'derāz-kesh budan' as a subject.

5

او با حالتی درازکش به سوالات من پاسخ داد.

He answered my questions in a lying position.

Adverbial phrase 'bā hālati'.

6

بچه‌ها درازکش در حال تماشای کارتون هستند.

The children are lying down watching cartoons.

Continuous present 'dar hāl-e'.

7

سعی کن درازکش بمانی تا سرت گیج نرود.

Try to remain lying down so you don't get dizzy.

Subjunctive 'bemāni' after 'sa'y kon'.

8

او درازکش بود و به موسیقی گوش می‌داد.

He was lying down and listening to music.

Past continuous sense with 'bud va...'.

1

سربازان به صورت درازکش پشت سنگرها پناه گرفتند.

The soldiers took refuge in a lying position behind the bunkers.

Military terminology 'sanghar gereftan'.

2

او با وجود بیماری، به صورت درازکش به کارهایش رسیدگی می‌کرد.

Despite his illness, he was attending to his affairs in a lying position.

Concessive phrase 'bā vojud-e'.

3

درازکش ماندن برای مدت طولانی باعث بدن‌درد می‌شود.

Remaining lying down for a long time causes body aches.

Causal relationship sentence.

4

او درازکش روی شن‌های ساحل به صدای موج‌ها گوش می‌داد.

Lying stretched out on the beach sand, he listened to the sound of the waves.

Descriptive adverbial usage.

5

پزشک توصیه کرد که بیمار حداقل دو ساعت درازکش بماند.

The doctor recommended that the patient remain lying down for at least two hours.

Reported speech with 'ke'.

6

او درازکش افتاده بود و توان بلند شدن نداشت.

He was lying stretched out and didn't have the strength to get up.

Using 'oftāde bud' for a state of collapse.

7

سایه بلند درختان به صورت درازکش روی جاده پهن شده بود.

The long shadows of the trees were spread out lying across the road.

Personification/Metaphorical use.

8

او درازکش به مطالعه کتاب‌های فلسفی می‌پرداخت.

He engaged in studying philosophy books while lying down.

Formal verb 'pardākhtan' (to engage in).

1

پیکر بی‌جان قهرمان درازکش در میان میدان نبرد رها شده بود.

The lifeless body of the hero lay stretched out, abandoned in the middle of the battlefield.

Literary and evocative vocabulary.

2

او در وضعیتی درازکش، به تأمل در باب معنای هستی غرق گشته بود.

In a lying position, he was immersed in reflection on the meaning of existence.

Passive/Formal 'ghargh gashte bud'.

3

درازکش بودن در این شرایط، نشان از تسلیم محض او داشت.

Being in a lying position in these circumstances indicated his total surrender.

Subjective clause 'neshān az... dāsht'.

4

نور ماه به صورت درازکش از پنجره به داخل اتاق می‌تابید.

The moonlight shone into the room in a stretched-out manner through the window.

Using the adverb for light/intangible things.

5

او که از شدت ضعف درازکش شده بود، به دشواری سخن می‌گفت.

Having been laid low by extreme weakness, he spoke with difficulty.

Relative clause 'ke... shod bud'.

6

در آن سکوت مطلق، تنها پیکر درازکش او بود که فضا را پر می‌کرد.

In that absolute silence, it was only his stretched-out figure that filled the space.

Emphasis construction 'tanhā... bud ke'.

7

او درازکش ماند تا شاید زمین لرزش‌های پنهانش را به او بگوید.

He remained lying down so that perhaps the earth would tell him its hidden tremors.

Poetic/Mystical usage.

8

درازکش افتادن او در میانه میهمانی، همه را به حیرت واداشت.

His falling into a lying position in the middle of the party left everyone in astonishment.

Complex subject with gerund.

1

تجسم درازکشِ مرگ در آثار هنری قرون وسطی، مفاهیم عمیقی را متبادر می‌کند.

The 'stretched-out' embodiment of death in medieval artworks evokes profound concepts.

Using the word as a noun-modifier (ezāfe).

2

او درازکش بر بسترِ تقدیر، چشم به افق‌های ناپیدا دوخته بود.

Lying stretched out on the bed of destiny, his eyes were fixed on unseen horizons.

High literary/Metaphorical style.

3

این وضعیت درازکش، استعاره‌ای است از انفعالِ روشنفکران در برابر استبداد.

This lying position is a metaphor for the passivity of intellectuals in the face of tyranny.

Analytical/Critical discourse.

4

او درازکش و بی‌حرکت، گویی بخشی از خودِ زمین گشته بود.

Stretched out and motionless, it was as if he had become a part of the earth itself.

Use of 'gui' (as if).

5

درازکش بودنِ اجساد در آن دشتِ فراخ، گویای فاجعه‌ای عظیم بود.

The stretched-out bodies in that wide plain spoke of a great catastrophe.

Descriptive precision.

6

او با هر نفسی که در حالت درازکش می‌کشید، گویی زمان را به مبارزه می‌طلبید.

With every breath he took in a lying position, it was as if he were challenging time.

Complex conditional/metaphorical structure.

7

در فلسفه او، درازکش بودن نه به معنای خواب، بلکه به معنای پیوند با ریشه‌هاست.

In his philosophy, being lying down does not mean sleep, but rather a connection with one's roots.

Philosophical definition.

8

او درازکش در آستانه درگاه، گویی منتظرِ عبورِ ابدیت بود.

Stretched out on the threshold of the doorway, he seemed to be waiting for eternity to pass.

Mystical/Poetic imagery.

Colocações comuns

درازکش شدن
درازکش بودن
درازکش ماندن
به صورت درازکش
درازکش افتادن
حالت درازکش
درازکش تماشا کردن
درازکش استراحت کردن
درازکش و بی‌حرکت
درازکش روی زمین

Frases Comuns

درازکش شو

— Go lie down. Often said to someone tired or sick.

رنگت پریده، برو درازکش شو.

همین‌طوری درازکش بودم

— I was just lying there. Used to describe doing nothing.

کاری نمی‌کردم، همین‌طوری درازکش بودم.

درازکش انداختن

— To lay something or someone down (less common, usually for people).

او را درازکش روی تخت انداختند.

درازکش افتادن از خستگی

— To collapse into a lying position from exhaustion.

از خستگی درازکش افتادم وسط اتاق.

به پشت درازکش شدن

— To lie down on one's back.

لطفاً به پشت درازکش شوید.

درازکش در آفتاب

— Lying out in the sun (sunbathing).

آنها درازکش در آفتاب بودند.

درازکش منتظر ماندن

— To wait while lying down.

یک ساعت درازکش منتظر نوبت بودم.

درازکش حرف زدن

— To talk while lying down.

دوست ندارم درازکش با تلفن حرف بزنم.

درازکش و غرق در فکر

— Lying down and lost in thought.

درازکش و غرق در فکر به آینده بود.

درازکش زیر درخت

— Lying down under a tree.

درازکش زیر درخت خوابش برد.

Frequentemente confundido com

درازکش vs دراز (Derāz)

Derāz just means 'long'. Derāz-kesh is the specific lying position.

درازکش vs خوابیده (Khābide)

Khābide often implies sleeping. Derāz-kesh is just the posture.

درازکش vs دراز کشیدن (Derāz keshidan)

This is the verb (to lie down). Derāz-kesh is the adverb (lying down).

Expressões idiomáticas

"درازکش کردن کسی"

— To knock someone down or make them lie down (sometimes implies defeating them).

با یک ضربه او را درازکش کرد.

Colloquial
"درازکش افتادن (مجازی)"

— To be completely sidelined or incapacitated.

بعد از آن شکست، مدتی درازکش افتاده بود.

Metaphorical
"درازکش شدن از خنده"

— To be 'rolling on the floor' with laughter (lying down from laughing so hard).

از خنده درازکش شده بودیم.

Informal
"درازکشِ خاک شدن"

— To be laid in the grave (very poetic/archaic).

سرانجام درازکشِ خاک گشت.

Literary
"درازکش منتظرِ مرگ"

— Waiting for the end (very somber).

او درازکش منتظرِ مرگ بود.

Literary
"درازکش در برابرِ قدرت"

— To be passive or submissive before power.

او درازکش در برابرِ خواسته‌های آنها بود.

Metaphorical
"درازکش زیرِ آوار"

— To be trapped lying down under rubble.

او را درازکش زیرِ آوار پیدا کردند.

Journalistic
"درازکش در کمین"

— Lying in ambush.

شکارچی درازکش در کمین بود.

Descriptive
"درازکشِ ابدی"

— Eternal rest (death).

او به درازکشِ ابدی رفت.

Poetic
"درازکش رویِ رویاها"

— Being lazy about one's dreams.

نباید درازکش رویِ رویاهایت بمانی.

Modern Metaphor

Fácil de confundir

درازکش vs دراز (Derāz)

Both share the same root.

Derāz is an adjective for length. Derāz-kesh is an adverb for posture.

این خط دراز است، اما من درازکش هستم.

درازکش vs خوابیده (Khābide)

Both describe being horizontal.

Khābide is the past participle of 'to sleep'. Derāz-kesh specifically emphasizes the 'stretched out' nature and is more likely to be used when awake.

او درازکش است اما نخوابیده است.

درازکش vs طاق‌باز (Tāgh-bāz)

Both are lying positions.

Derāz-kesh is general. Tāgh-bāz is specifically on the back.

او درازکش بود، اما نه طاق‌باز، بلکه به پهلو.

درازکش vs دمر (Domar)

Both are lying positions.

Derāz-kesh is general. Domar is specifically on the stomach.

بچه دمر درازکش شده است.

درازکش vs لمیده (Lamide)

Both imply relaxation.

Lamide is reclining (like in a lounge chair). Derāz-kesh is fully horizontal.

پادشاه بر تخت لمیده بود، نه درازکش.

Padrões de frases

A1

[Subject] [درازکش] [hastam/hasti/...]

من درازکش هستم.

A2

[Subject] [Location] [درازکش] [shod]

او روی تخت درازکش شد.

B1

[Subject] [Duration] [درازکش] [mānd]

او یک ساعت درازکش ماند.

B1

[Subject] [درازکش] [Verb]

او درازکش کتاب می‌خواند.

B2

به صورت درازکش + [Verb]

به صورت درازکش استراحت کنید.

B2

در حالت درازکش + [Verb]

در حالت درازکش نفس بکشید.

C1

[Subject] که [درازکش] بود + [Clause]

او که درازکش بود، ناگهان بلند شد.

C2

[Noun]ِ درازکش + [Verb]

پیکرِ درازکشِ او تکان نمی‌خورد.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

درازی (derāzi - length)
کشش (keshesh - tension/attraction)

Verbos

دراز کشیدن (derāz keshidan - to lie down)
کشیدن (keshidan - to pull/stretch)

Adjetivos

دراز (derāz - long)
کشیده (keshide - stretched/long)

Relacionado

خوابیده (khābide)
افقی (ofoghi)
طاق‌باز (tāgh-bāz)
دمر (domar)
لمیده (lamide)
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Como usar

frequency

Common in daily speech and very common in medical/fitness contexts.

Erros comuns
  • Using it for objects like pencils. → مداد روی میز است.

    درازکش is only for living beings that can stretch.

  • Saying 'Man derāz-kesh khābidam' to mean 'I am sleeping'. → من خوابیده‌ام.

    درازکش refers to the position, not the act of sleeping.

  • Pronouncing it 'derāz-kash'. → derāz-kesh

    The second part comes from 'keshidan', which has an 'e' sound in the present stem.

  • Using it as a verb without an auxiliary. → او درازکش شد.

    It needs a verb like 'shodan' or 'budan' to function in a sentence.

  • Confusing it with 'derāz-ghad' (tall). → او قدبلند است. (He is tall.)

    Derāz-ghad refers to height; derāz-kesh refers to lying down.

Dicas

Adverbial Use

Remember that 'درازکش' functions as a state. You don't need to add 'e' (ezāfe) after it when using it with auxiliary verbs.

Respecting Elders

Never stay 'درازکش' when an older person enters the room; it's a sign of respect to sit up immediately.

Word Parts

Linking it to 'derāz' (long) helps you remember it refers to the horizontal length of the body.

Doctor's Visits

This is a key word to know if you ever need medical attention in Iran. Listen for 'derāz-kesh shavid'.

The 'Kesh' Sound

The 'e' in 'kesh' is a short vowel. Don't pronounce it like 'keesh' or 'kash'.

Descriptive Writing

Use this word instead of 'khābide' to show that a character is resting but not necessarily asleep.

Mnemonic

Think of 'Long-Stretch'. That's exactly what the two parts of the word mean.

Informal Gatherings

In very close family circles, being 'درازکش' is a sign of being 'khodi' (one of us/comfortable).

Vs. Khābidan

Always remember: Derāz-kesh = Posture. Khābidan = Action/Sleep.

With 'Oftādan'

Pairing it with 'oftādan' (to fall) adds a sense of exhaustion or 'just chilling'.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a 'Dinosaur' (Derāz) who is 'Kicking' (Kesh) back and lying down. Derāz-Kesh: The long dinosaur is stretching out to rest.

Associação visual

Picture a long rubber band (kesh) stretched out horizontally on a table. Now replace the rubber band with a person. That person is 'derāz-kesh'.

Word Web

Lying down Stretched Rest Horizontal Bed Sofa Medical exam Relax

Desafio

Try to spend 5 minutes 'derāz-kesh' on your floor today and say out loud: 'Man dar hālat-e derāz-kesh hastam' (I am in a lying position).

Origem da palavra

The word is a Persian compound. 'Derāz' comes from Middle Persian 'drāz', ultimately from Old Persian 'darga' (long). 'Kesh' is the present stem of 'keshidan', from Middle Persian 'kašīdan' (to draw, pull, stretch).

Significado original: Literally 'long-stretching' or 'stretching long.'

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

Contexto cultural

Avoid being 'derāz-kesh' in front of elders or in professional Persian environments unless invited to do so (e.g., at a doctor's).

In English, we often say 'lying down' regardless of the level of relaxation. 'Derāz-kesh' has a slightly more descriptive, 'stretched out' feel.

Commonly used in Sadegh Hedayat's stories to describe characters' malaise. Used in medical dramas on Iranian TV (like 'Parastārān'). Found in Rumi's poetry to describe the soul's rest.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At home

  • درازکش روی کاناپه
  • درازکش تلویزیون دیدن
  • درازکش استراحت کردن
  • درازکش روی فرش

At the doctor

  • درازکش روی تخت معاینه
  • به صورت درازکش بمانید
  • درازکش شدن برای آمپول
  • وضعیت درازکش بیمار

At the gym/Yoga

  • در حالت درازکش پاها را بلند کنید
  • درازکش روی مت
  • تمرینات درازکش
  • درازکش و رها

In nature

  • درازکش روی چمن
  • درازکش کنار رودخانه
  • درازکش در آفتاب
  • درازکش زیر سایه

Military/Tactical

  • درازکش پشت سنگر
  • تیراندازی در حالت درازکش
  • درازکش روی زمین برای استتار
  • فرمان درازکش

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا دوست داری درازکش کتاب بخوانی؟ (Do you like to read books lying down?)"

"وقتی خسته‌ای، ترجیح می‌دهی بنشینی یا درازکش باشی؟ (When you're tired, do you prefer to sit or be lying down?)"

"آخرین باری که درازکش روی چمن‌ها بودی کی بود؟ (When was the last time you were lying on the grass?)"

"آیا می‌توانی در حالت درازکش با لپ‌تاپ کار کنی؟ (Can you work with a laptop while lying down?)"

"چرا بعضی‌ها درازکش غذا می‌خورند؟ (Why do some people eat while lying down?)"

Temas para diário

درباره لذت درازکش بودن زیر نور خورشید در یک روز پاییزی بنویس. (Write about the pleasure of lying in the sun on a fall day.)

توصیف کن که وقتی درازکش هستی و به آسمان نگاه می‌کنی، چه فکرهایی به سرت می‌آید. (Describe what thoughts come to mind when you are lying down looking at the sky.)

آیا درازکش بودن همیشه به معنای تنبلی است؟ نظر خود را بنویس. (Is being lying down always a sign of laziness? Write your opinion.)

یک خاطره از زمانی که مجبور بودی در مطب دکتر درازکش بمانی بنویس. (Write a memory of a time you had to remain lying down at a doctor's office.)

تفاوت بین 'خوابیدن' و 'درازکش بودن' را از نظر خودت شرح بده. (Explain the difference between 'sleeping' and 'being lying down' from your perspective.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, 'درازکش' is used for living beings (humans and animals) that can physically stretch their limbs. For a book, you would say 'روی میز است' or 'افتاده است'.

No. You can be 'درازکش' while fully awake, reading, or talking. 'Khābidan' is the word for sleeping.

In Iranian culture, it's generally considered informal or slightly impolite in front of guests or elders, unless you are sick.

The most common verbs are 'budan' (to be), 'shodan' (to become), and 'māndan' (to remain).

You say 'Man derāz-kesh shodam' or use the compound verb 'Man derāz keshidam'.

Only if you are a doctor instructing a patient. Otherwise, it's far too informal for a professional setting.

They are usually written as one word or with a half-space (zvin). They mean the same thing.

As an adverb, it doesn't change. 'They are lying down' is 'Anhā derāz-kesh hastand'.

Yes, it's very common to describe a dog or cat stretching out on the floor.

The most direct opposites are 'istāde' (standing) or 'neshaste' (sitting).

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Teste-se 74 perguntas

writing

Write a sentence in Persian saying: 'I am lying down on the bed.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
writing

Write a sentence in Persian saying: 'The doctor told me to lie down.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
speaking

Say 'I am lying down' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
listening

Listen to the word: 'Derāz-kesh'. Does it mean sitting or lying?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
writing

Describe what a cat does in the sun using 'درازکش'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
writing

Translate: 'He stayed lying down for two hours.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
speaking

Tell your friend to lie down on the couch.

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
listening

Is 'derāz-kesh' a verb or an adverb in the sentence 'U derāz-kesh bud'?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

/ 74 correct

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