When you want to express the act of lending something in Japanese, you use the verb 貸します (kasu). This is a very common and practical verb to know.
For example, if you want to say "I will lend you a book," you would say, 「本を貸します。」 (Hon o kashimasu.) The particle 「を」 (o) marks the direct object, which is "book" in this case.
If you want to specify who you are lending to, you can use the particle 「に」 (ni). So, "I will lend money to my friend" becomes 「友達にお金を貸します。」 (Tomodachi ni okane o kashimasu.)
Remember that this verb is used when you are the one doing the lending. If you want to say "to borrow," you would use a different verb, which is 「借ります (kariru)」.
§ Understanding 貸します (かす)
The verb 貸します (かす) means 'to lend' or 'to rent out'. It's a fundamental verb for talking about giving something to someone for a temporary period. It's often used when you are the one doing the lending. Remember, it's the opposite of 借ります (かります), which means 'to borrow'.
§ Basic Sentence Structure with 貸します
The most common way to use 貸します is in the pattern: [Lender] は [Borrower] に [Item] を 貸します. Let's break down the particles:
- は (wa): Marks the topic of the sentence, usually the person who is lending.
- に (ni): Marks the recipient of the action, the person you are lending to.
- を (o): Marks the direct object, the item being lent.
私は友達に本を貸します。
Translation hint: I lend a book to my friend.
彼は私に傘を貸してくれました。
Translation hint: He lent me an umbrella (and I'm grateful).
§ Asking to Borrow/Lend: 〜ていただけませんか / 〜てください
When you want to ask someone to lend you something, or if you're asking to borrow, you'll often use the 〜て form of 貸す combined with polite requests.
ペンを貸していただけませんか？
Translation hint: Could you please lend me a pen?
この本を貸してください。
Translation hint: Please lend me this book.
§ Indicating a Duration for Lending
You can specify how long something is being lent using time expressions followed by the particle まで (made) or 期間 (kikan - period of time).
来週までこのDVDを貸してあげる。
Translation hint: I will lend you this DVD until next week.
図書館は2週間本を貸し出しています。
Translation hint: The library lends out books for two weeks.
- Important Note
- 貸す (かす) is often paired with the giving verbs あげる (ageru), くれる (kureru), or いただく (itadaku) when you want to show the direction or nuance of the lending action. あげる means 'to give to an inferior or equal', くれる means 'to give to me or my in-group', and いただく is the humble form of もらう 'to receive'. While 貸します (かす) alone is fine for basic statements, adding these can make your Japanese sound more natural and polite.
§ Common Phrases and Usage
Here are a few more ways you'll hear and use 貸します:
- 場所を貸す (basho o kasu): To rent out a place.
- お金を貸す (okane o kasu): To lend money.
- 手を貸す (te o kasu): To lend a hand (figurative).
この部屋は週末だけ貸しています。
Translation hint: This room is rented out only on weekends.
彼にお金を貸しました。
Translation hint: I lent him money.
困っている友達に手を貸しました。
Translation hint: I lent a hand to my friend who was in trouble.
Mastering 貸します (かす) is key to discussing transactions and favors in Japanese. Practice these sentence patterns, and you'll be able to talk about lending things like a pro!
Frequentemente confundido com
Remember, 貸す is 'to lend', 借りる is 'to borrow'. They are opposites!
While similar to あげる, 与える is more formal and often used for giving abstract things or for a more significant 'bestowal'. 貸す is for temporary physical items.
This means 'to offer' or 'to provide', often a service or information. 貸す is specifically about lending physical items.
Padrões gramaticais
Fácil de confundir
Often confused with 貸します (貸す) because both relate to borrowing/lending, but from different perspectives.
借ります (借りる) means 'to borrow'. The action is from the perspective of the person receiving something. 貸します (貸す) means 'to lend'. The action is from the perspective of the person giving something.
私は友達にお金を借ります。(I borrow money from my friend.) / 友達は私にお金を貸します。(My friend lends money to me.)
Like 貸します, あげます involves giving something to someone, which can cause confusion.
あげます (あげる) means 'to give' (permanently). 貸します (貸す) means 'to lend' (temporarily, with the expectation of return).
私は友達にプレゼントをあげます。(I give a present to my friend.) / 私は友達に本を貸します。(I lend a book to my friend.)
Similar to 借ります, this verb describes receiving something, but the nuance is different.
もらいます (もらう) means 'to receive' or 'to get' (a gift, a favor, etc.). 貸します (貸す) means 'to lend'. The focus of もらいます is on receiving a gift or favor, often without the expectation of returning the exact item.
私は友達からプレゼントをもらいます。(I receive a present from my friend.) / 私は友達に自転車を貸します。(I lend a bicycle to my friend.)
Often associated with lending because it's the action that follows lending.
返します (返す) means 'to return'. It's the action of giving something back. 貸します (貸す) is the initial action of giving something out temporarily.
私は図書館に本を返します。(I return the book to the library.) / 図書館は私に本を貸します。(The library lends a book to me.)
Both verbs involve handing over an item to someone.
渡します (渡す) means 'to hand over' or 'to pass' something. It's a general action of transferring an item. 貸します (貸す) specifically means 'to lend', implying a temporary transfer with the expectation of return.
私は彼に書類を渡します。(I hand the documents to him.) / 私は彼にペンを貸します。(I lend him a pen.)
Padrões de frases
わたしは [thing] を 貸します。
わたしは おかね を 貸します。 I will lend money.
わたしは [person] に [thing] を 貸します。
わたしは ともだち に ほん を 貸します。 I will lend a book to my friend.
[person] は [thing] を 貸してくれます。
ともだち は じしょ を 貸してくれます。 My friend will lend me a dictionary.
わたしは [person] に [thing] を 貸してあげます。
わたしは かれ に くるま を 貸してあげます。 I will lend him my car.
わたしは [person] に [thing] を 貸してもいいですか。
わたしは あなた に えんぴつ を 貸してもいいですか。 May I lend you a pencil?
[thing] を 貸してください。
ペン を 貸してください。 Please lend me a pen.
[person] に [thing] を 貸し出しする。
としょかん は ほん を 貸し出しします。 The library lends out books.
[person] に [thing] を 貸してもらう。
かれ に おかね を 貸してもらった。 I had him lend me money.
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Adjetivos
Teste-se 42 perguntas
私は友達にお金を___。
The sentence means 'I lend money to my friend.' 貸します (kashimasu) means 'to lend.'
あの人は私に本を___。
The sentence means 'That person lends me a book.' 貸します (kashimasu) means 'to lend.'
ペンを___ください。
The sentence means 'Please lend me a pen.' 貸して (kashite) is the te-form of 貸します (kashimasu), used for requests.
図書館でCDを___ことができます。
The sentence means 'You can lend CDs at the library.' This is a bit tricky. While you can 'borrow' from a library (借りる kariru), a library itself 'lends' (貸す kasu). The nuance here is from the perspective of the library's action.
彼に辞書を___つもりです。
The sentence means 'I intend to lend him a dictionary.' 貸します (kashimasu) means 'to lend.'
妹におもちゃを___あげました。
The sentence means 'I lent my younger sister a toy.' 貸してあげました (kashite agemashita) implies lending as a favor.
友達にペンを＿＿＿。
The sentence means 'I lend a pen to my friend.' 貸します (kashimasu) means to lend.
図書館で本を＿＿＿。
The sentence means 'I borrow a book at the library.' 借ります (karimasu) means to borrow. You wouldn't say 'lend' a book at a library in Japanese.
お金を＿＿＿のは嫌です。
The sentence means 'I don't like lending money.' 貸す (kasu) is the plain form of 貸します. When talking about a general action you don't like, the plain form is often used.
彼に傘を＿＿＿。
The sentence means 'I lent him an umbrella.' 貸しました (kashimashita) is the past tense of 貸します.
すみません、辞書を＿＿＿か。
This is a polite request: 'Excuse me, could you lend me a dictionary?' 貸してください (kashite kudasai) is the polite request form for 'please lend'.
友達は私にCDを＿＿＿。
The sentence means 'My friend lent me a CD.' Since the action has already happened, the past tense 貸しました (kashimashita) is appropriate.
This sentence means 'I lent a book to my friend.' The particle 'は' marks the topic, 'に' marks the indirect object (to whom), and 'を' marks the direct object (what).
This sentence means 'Did he lend me money?' '貸してくれました' is the 'te-form' of 貸す with くれる (to give, from giver's perspective) showing a favor was done.
This sentence means 'Does the library lend DVDs?' The particle 'で' indicates the location of the action, and '貸していますか' uses the 'te-form' + います to indicate a continuous state or practice.
Did you borrow or buy a book at the library?
My friend asked me to lend him money.
This book is currently on loan from the library.
Read this aloud:
友達にペンを貸してあげました。
Focus: かし
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
もしよかったら、私の傘を貸しましょうか。
Focus: かさ, かしましょうか
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
この美術館は無料でイヤホンガイドを貸し出しています。
Focus: かしだしています
Você disse:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine your friend is going on a trip and needs to borrow some things. Write a short message to them offering to lend them what they need, using 貸します. Include at least two items you can lend.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
こんにちは！旅行の準備はどう？もし何か必要なものがあったら、私が貸しますよ。例えば、カメラとか本とか、いる？
You are organizing a community event and need to borrow equipment from various people. Write an email to a potential lender, explaining the event and politely asking if they can lend a specific item using 貸します.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
お世話になっております。〇〇イベントの準備を進めております。もし可能であれば、プロジェクターをお貸しいただけますでしょうか？イベントでぜひ使わせていただきたいです。
Describe a situation where someone borrowed something from you and didn't return it. Express your feelings using 貸しました (past tense of 貸します) and mention what you lent.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
先日、友達に傘を貸しました。でも、まだ返してもらっていません。雨の日に困るので、早く返してほしいです。
この状況で「貸しました」は何を意味していますか？
Read this passage:
友人が旅行に行くので、スーツケースを貸しました。しかし、友人が帰国する際、スーツケースが破損していました。新しいスーツケースを買うべきか、修理に出すべきか悩んでいます。
この状況で「貸しました」は何を意味していますか？
「貸しました」は、一時的に物を相手に与える行為を指します。
「貸しました」は、一時的に物を相手に与える行為を指します。
筆者は友人に何を「貸す」ことがありますか？
Read this passage:
私は図書館でよく本を借りますが、最近は電子書籍を読むことが多いです。友達に漫画を貸すこともありますが、返却期限を忘れないように気をつけています。
筆者は友人に何を「貸す」ことがありますか？
文章中に「友達に漫画を貸すこともあります」と明記されています。
文章中に「友達に漫画を貸すこともあります」と明記されています。
AさんがBさんに車を貸すことを渋った理由は何ですか？
Read this passage:
AさんはBさんに車を貸すことを渋りました。なぜなら、以前BさんがAさんの車を傷つけて返した経験があったからです。信頼関係が重要なのは言うまでもありません。
AさんがBさんに車を貸すことを渋った理由は何ですか？
「以前BさんがAさんの車を傷つけて返した経験があったから」と明確に述べられています。
「以前BさんがAさんの車を傷つけて返した経験があったから」と明確に述べられています。
This sentence means 'I lent him a book.' The particles 'は' (wa), 'に' (ni), and 'を' (o) mark the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. '貸してあげた' (kashite ageta) is the past tense of '貸してあげる' (kashite ageru), which means 'to lend (to someone who benefits from it)'.
This sentence means 'Could you lend me this pen for a moment?' '貸してもらえますか' (kashite moraemasu ka) is a polite request asking someone to lend something to the speaker.
This sentence means 'Would you like me to lend you an umbrella if you don't mind?' '貸しましょうか' (kashimashou ka) is an offer to lend something.
Choose the most appropriate sentence using 貸します (貸す).
貸します (貸す) means 'to lend'. The sentence '私は友達に本を貸しました。' correctly uses the verb to mean 'I lent a book to my friend.'
Which sentence means 'Could you lend me your umbrella?'
貸してくださいませんか？ is a polite way to ask 'Could you lend me...?'
Select the sentence that correctly uses the negative form of 貸す.
貸しませんでした is the past negative form of 貸す, meaning 'did not lend'.
「彼にペンを貸してあげた」 means 'I borrowed a pen from him.'
「彼にペンを貸してあげた」 means 'I lent him a pen.' 貸す means to lend, not to borrow.
When you say 「図書館で本を貸してもらう」, it means you lent a book to the library.
「図書館で本を貸してもらう」 means 'to have a book lent to me by the library' or 'to borrow a book from the library'. The action of lending is done by the library, not by you.
If someone asks 「これ、ちょっと貸してくれる？」, they are asking if they can borrow something.
「これ、ちょっと貸してくれる？」 literally translates to 'Could you lend me this for a moment?', which implies they want to borrow it.
/ 42 correct
Perfect score!
Exemplo
友達に本を貸しました。
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