化粧
化粧 em 30 segundos
- 化粧 (keshō) means makeup or cosmetics. It is a noun often used with the verb 'suru' (to do/put on).
- In Japan, it is closely linked to professional grooming and social etiquette, not just personal style.
- Common phrases include 'keshō o otosu' (remove makeup) and 'keshō-shitsu' (polite word for restroom).
- The kanji literally mean 'to change' and 'to adorn,' reflecting its transformative nature.
The word 化粧 (けしょう, keshō) is a primary Japanese noun that translates to "makeup" or "cosmetics." In its most literal sense, it refers to the act of applying substances to the face or body to enhance or alter one's appearance. However, in the Japanese linguistic and cultural landscape, the term carries significantly more weight than its English counterpart. It is not merely about vanity; it is deeply intertwined with social etiquette, professional standards, and the concept of grooming (身だしなみ, midashinami). The kanji themselves offer a window into the word's soul: 化 (ka/bake) means "to change" or "to transform," and 粧 (shō/yosoou) means "to adorn," "to dress up," or "to decorate." Together, they describe the transformative power of adornment.
- Linguistic Nuance
- While 'makeup' in English often refers to the products themselves, 化粧 in Japanese frequently refers to the process or the state of wearing makeup. For the products themselves, the term 化粧品 (keshōhin) is more specific.
- Social Implication
- In Japan, wearing 化粧 is often seen as a form of respect toward others, particularly in formal or professional settings. It is part of the 'public face' (omote) that one presents to society.
- Grammatical Function
- It functions as a noun but is most commonly paired with the verb する (suru) to mean 'to put on makeup' or 'to wear makeup.'
彼女は毎朝、30分かけて化粧をします。(Kanojo wa maiasa, sanjuppun kakete keshō o shimasu.) - She spends 30 minutes every morning putting on makeup.
Historically, 化粧 has roots in the Heian period, where both men and women of the nobility practiced elaborate forms of facial whitening (o-shiroi) and teeth blackening (ohaguro). This historical context informs the modern perception of makeup as a ritualistic and essential part of one's public identity. In contemporary Japan, the term has expanded to include various styles, from the 'natural look' favored in offices to the more dramatic styles seen in Harajuku. Understanding 化粧 is key to understanding Japanese social dynamics, where the boundary between private and public self is often mediated by these very transformations.
仕事に行く前に化粧を直しました。(Shigoto ni iku mae ni keshō o naoshimashita.) - I touched up my makeup before going to work.
最近の男性は化粧に興味を持っています。(Saikin no dansei wa keshō ni kyōmi o motte imasu.) - Recently, men have been interested in makeup.
彼女の化粧はとても自然です。(Kanojo no keshō wa totemo shizen desu.) - Her makeup is very natural.
お祭りのために特別な化粧をしました。(Omatsuri no tame ni tokubetsu na keshō o shimashita.) - I did special makeup for the festival.
- Visual Transformation
- The use of '化' (transformation) suggests a shift from the 'raw' self to the 'social' self.
- Etymological Depth
- The character '粧' is rare outside this word, emphasizing its specific decorative purpose.
Using 化粧 (keshō) correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and its common verbal pairings. The most frequent construction is 化粧をする (keshō o suru), which means "to put on makeup." However, there are several other verbs and adjectives that commonly collocate with this word to describe different aspects of the makeup process and appearance.
- 化粧を落とす (keshō o otosu): To remove makeup. This is an essential phrase for daily life conversations.
- 化粧が濃い (keshō ga koi): Heavy makeup. Used to describe someone wearing a lot of makeup.
- 化粧が薄い (keshō ga usui): Light or natural makeup.
- 化粧直し (keshō-naoshi): Touching up one's makeup. This is often used as a noun, as in "化粧直しに行く" (going to touch up makeup).
- 化粧の乗りがいい (keshō no nori ga ii): Makeup goes on well (referring to skin condition).
In professional contexts, you might hear 化粧品メーカー (keshōhin mēkā) for cosmetics manufacturers. When talking about the quality of makeup, Japanese speakers often use the word ノリ (nori), which literally means 'glue' or 'adhesion,' to describe how well the makeup sits on the skin. If your skin is hydrated and healthy, you would say "今日は化粧のノリがいい" (The makeup is sitting well today).
寝る前に必ず化粧を落としてください。(Neru mae ni kanarazu keshō o otoshite kudasai.) - Please make sure to remove your makeup before sleeping.
Another important aspect is the distinction between 化粧 and the katakana word メイク (meiku). While they are often interchangeable, 'meiku' feels slightly more modern, trendy, or professional (like 'makeup artistry'), whereas 'keshō' is the standard, traditional term. In fashion magazines, you'll see 'meiku' more often, but in general conversation and formal documents, 'keshō' remains the dominant term. Furthermore, 'keshō' can be used metaphorically in architecture or construction, such as 化粧板 (keshō-ban), which refers to decorative plywood or finishing boards, showing the concept of 'beautifying the surface' extends beyond the human face.
You will encounter 化粧 (keshō) in a variety of everyday and specialized environments in Japan. Its ubiquity reflects the importance of appearance in Japanese society. Here are the primary locations and contexts where the word is most frequently heard:
1. Department Stores and Drugstores
This is perhaps the most common place. You will see signs for 化粧品売場 (keshōhin uriba), the cosmetics department. Beauty advisors (BA) will use the term when discussing products or techniques with customers. You'll hear phrases like "こちらの化粧水 (keshōsui - toner) は保湿力が高いです" (This toner has high moisturizing power).
2. Workplace and Professional Settings
In Japanese offices, especially those with strict dress codes, 化粧 is discussed in the context of 身だしなみ (midashinami) or personal grooming. Superiors might give advice on appropriate オフィスメイク (office makeup), which is essentially 'keshō' that is professional and not too 'koi' (heavy).
3. Media and Advertising
Television commercials for skincare and beauty products are constant. Magazines like VOCE or MAQUIA are entirely dedicated to the art of 化粧. Here, the word is often paired with seasonal trends, such as 春の化粧 (haru no keshō - spring makeup).
4. Public Facilities
As mentioned before, the term 化粧室 (keshō-shitsu) is the standard polite term for restrooms in department stores, hotels, and theaters. It implies a place where one can not only use the toilet but also check and fix their makeup in front of a mirror.
すみません、化粧室はどこですか?(Sumimasen, keshō-shitsu wa doko desu ka?) - Excuse me, where is the powder room/restroom?
In the world of traditional arts like Kabuki or Noh, 化粧 takes on a ritualistic meaning. The elaborate white face paint and bold lines are called 隈取 (kumadori), but the general process is still referred to as 化粧. In these contexts, it is not about looking 'pretty' but about transforming into a character or a spirit.
While 化粧 (keshō) is a straightforward word, learners often make specific errors in its usage, particularly regarding particles and the distinction between the noun and its related forms. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid:
1. Confusing 'Keshō' with 'Keshōhin'
Many students say "化粧を買いました" (I bought makeup) when they actually mean they bought a specific product. While understandable, it is more natural to say 化粧品 (keshōhin) or the specific name of the item (e.g., lipstick, foundation). 化粧 refers more to the concept or the act.
2. Incorrect Verb Usage
A common mistake is using the verb 着る (kiru - to wear clothes) or 履く (haku - to wear shoes/pants) with makeup. In Japanese, you do not 'wear' makeup with those verbs. You する (suru - to do) makeup. Alternatively, you can use つける (tsukeru - to apply) for specific products like lipstick or perfume.
3. Misunderstanding 'Keshō-shitsu'
In some cultures, a 'makeup room' is a very specific place for actors. In Japan, if you ask for a 化粧室 in a mall, you are asking for the public restroom. Don't be surprised when you are directed to the toilets!
4. Overusing 'Keshō' for Men
While male makeup is becoming more common in Japan (メンズメイク), the traditional term 化粧 still carries a slightly feminine connotation for some older generations. In a modern context, using メイク is often safer and more gender-neutral when discussing grooming for men.
Incorrect: 化粧を着ます。
Correct: 化粧をします。(Keshō o shimasu.)
Another subtle mistake involves the phrase 化粧が強い (keshō ga tsuyoi). While 'tsuyoi' means strong, it is not used for makeup. The correct adjective for heavy makeup is 濃い (koi - deep/dark/dense). Conversely, for light makeup, use 薄い (usui - thin/pale), not 'yowai' (weak).
Understanding the synonyms and related terms for 化粧 (keshō) will help you choose the right word for the right context. Japanese has several ways to talk about beauty and appearance, each with its own nuance.
- メイク (Meiku)
- From the English 'makeup.' This is the most common synonym. It is used frequently in fashion, by younger generations, and when referring to professional makeup artistry. It feels more 'stylish' than keshō.
- 身だしなみ (Midashinami)
- This means 'personal grooming' or 'appearance.' It is a broader term that includes hair, clothes, and cleanliness. While keshō is about adding something, midashinami is about the overall standard of being presentable.
- お化粧 (O-keshō)
- Adding the polite prefix 'o' makes the word sound softer and more feminine. It is often used by women when talking about their own routine or by parents talking to children.
- 扮装 (Funshō)
- This refers to 'disguise' or 'costume makeup.' It is used when someone is changing their appearance to look like someone else, such as an actor in a play or someone in a Halloween costume.
今日のメイク、すごく似合ってるね!(Kyō no meiku, sugoku niatteru ne!) - Your makeup today really suits you!
There is also the term 素顔 (sugao), which means 'bare face' or 'natural face' (without makeup). This is the direct opposite of being 'keshō-shiteiru.' Another related term is 厚化粧 (atsu-geshō), which specifically means 'thick makeup' or 'caked-on makeup,' often used with a slightly negative or critical nuance. In traditional contexts, you might hear 紅を引く (beni o hiku), which literally means 'to draw rouge' but is a poetic way of saying 'to put on lipstick.'
How Formal Is It?
Nível de dificuldade
Gramática essencial
Suru-verbs
Compound nouns (Noun + Hin/Sui/Shitsu)
Te-form for sequences (Keshō o shite, dekakeru)
Exemplos por nível
毎朝、化粧をします。
I put on makeup every morning.
Uses the standard 'noun + o + suru' pattern.
母は化粧がとてもきれいです。
My mother's makeup is very pretty.
Uses 'ga' to describe the state of the makeup.
化粧室はどこですか?
Where is the restroom/powder room?
Common polite term for a restroom.
これは私の化粧品です。
These are my cosmetics.
Introduces the compound 'keshōhin'.
彼女は化粧をしません。
She doesn't wear makeup.
Negative form of the verb.
化粧をしましょう。
Let's put on makeup.
Volitional form 'shimashō'.
ここで化粧をしてもいいですか?
Is it okay to put on makeup here?
Te-form + mo ii desu ka (permission).
新しい化粧品が欲しいです。
I want new cosmetics.
Uses 'hoshii' to express desire.
今日は化粧が濃いですね。
Your makeup is heavy today, isn't it?
Uses 'koi' (heavy/thick) for makeup.
仕事の前に化粧を直します。
I touch up my makeup before work.
Uses 'naosu' (to fix/correct).
寝る前に化粧を落とします。
I remove my makeup before going to bed.
Uses 'otosu' (to drop/remove).
彼女は化粧に30分かかります。
It takes her 30 minutes to do her makeup.
Uses 'kakaru' for time duration.
ドラッグストアで化粧品を買いました。
I bought cosmetics at the drugstore.
Common location for buying keshōhin.
化粧をすると、気分が変わります。
When I put on makeup, my mood changes.
Conditional 'to' (whenever/if).
彼の化粧はとても自然です。
His makeup is very natural.
Shows 'keshō' can apply to men too.
化粧の仕方を教えてください。
Please teach me how to do makeup.
Uses '-kata' (way of doing).
社会人として、最低限の化粧は必要だと思います。
As a working adult, I think a minimum amount of makeup is necessary.
Discussing social expectations.
今日は肌の調子が悪くて、化粧のノリが良くない。
My skin condition is bad today, so the makeup isn't sitting well.
Idiomatic use of 'nori ga yoku nai'.
彼女は化粧を落とすと、別人のようです。
When she takes off her makeup, she looks like a different person.
Using 'betsu-jin' (different person).
最近は、オーガニックの化粧品が人気です。
Recently, organic cosmetics are popular.
Discussing market trends.
パーティーのために、いつもより華やかな化粧をしました。
I did more glamorous makeup than usual for the party.
Using 'hanayaka' (glamorous/showy).
化粧直しのために、ポーチを持ち歩いています。
I carry a pouch for touching up my makeup.
Practical noun 'keshō-naoshi'.
彼女の化粧は、いつも流行を取り入れています。
Her makeup always incorporates the latest trends.
Using 'hayari o toriireru'.
男性が化粧をすることについて、どう思いますか?
What do you think about men wearing makeup?
Asking for an opinion on a social topic.
この化粧水は、敏感肌の人でも安心して使えます。
This toner can be used safely even by people with sensitive skin.
Using potential form 'tsukaeru'.
舞台化粧は、遠くの客席からも見えるように濃くします。
Stage makeup is made heavy so it can be seen from distant seats.
Specific term 'butai-keshō'.
彼女は厚化粧で、素顔が想像できません。
She wears such thick makeup that I can't imagine her natural face.
Using 'atsu-geshō' and 'sugao'.
化粧品メーカーは、環境に配慮したパッケージを開発しています。
Cosmetics manufacturers are developing eco-friendly packaging.
Business/Environmental context.
就職活動では、清潔感のある化粧が求められます。
In job hunting, makeup that gives a sense of cleanliness is required.
Social/Professional requirement.
彼女は化粧の技術が非常に高く、プロのようです。
Her makeup skills are very high, like a professional.
Using 'gijutsu' (skill/technique).
日本の化粧の歴史は、平安時代まで遡ることができます。
The history of Japanese makeup can be traced back to the Heian period.
Historical context.
化粧は、自分に自信を持つための手段の一つです。
Makeup is one means of gaining self-confidence.
Psychological perspective.
化粧は単なる装飾ではなく、社会的なアイデンティティの構築に関わっています。
Makeup is not merely decoration; it is involved in the construction of social identity.
Academic/Sociological tone.
歌舞伎の化粧には、役柄の性格を表す独自のルールがあります。
Kabuki makeup has unique rules that represent the character's personality.
Cultural/Artistic specialization.
過度な化粧は、時に本来の美しさを損なうこともあります。
Excessive makeup can sometimes detract from one's original beauty.
Using 'kado' (excessive) and 'sokonau' (damage).
彼女の化粧は、控えめながらも洗練された印象を与えます。
Her makeup is understated yet gives a sophisticated impression.
Using 'hikaeme' and 'senren'.
化粧品の成分表示を詳しく分析し、安全性を確認しました。
I analyzed the ingredient list of the cosmetics in detail and confirmed their safety.
Technical/Analytical context.
広告における化粧の表現は、時代の美意識を反映しています。
The representation of makeup in advertising reflects the aesthetic values of the era.
Critical analysis.
彼女は、化粧を通じて自己表現の可能性を広げています。
She is expanding the possibilities of self-expression through makeup.
Abstract concept.
化粧が剥がれるという表現は、本性が露呈することを意味する場合もあります。
The expression 'makeup peeling off' can sometimes mean that one's true nature is exposed.
Metaphorical/Idiomatic usage.
化粧という行為が内包する、虚構と現実の境界線について考察する。
Consider the boundary between fiction and reality inherent in the act of applying makeup.
Highly formal/Academic.
伝統的な紅化粧の技法は、現代の化粧品開発にも示唆を与えている。
Traditional safflower makeup techniques provide insights for modern cosmetics development.
Specialized historical/technical.
化粧は、他者とのコミュニケーションにおける非言語的な記号として機能する。
Makeup functions as a non-verbal signifier in communication with others.
Semiotic analysis.
美の基準が多様化する中で、化粧の定義もまた再構築されつつある。
As standards of beauty diversify, the definition of makeup is also being reconstructed.
Contemporary social critique.
その建築物は、外壁に施された化粧板によって優雅な趣を醸し出している。
The building exudes an elegant atmosphere due to the decorative panels applied to its exterior walls.
Technical use in architecture.
化粧の変遷を辿ることは、人類の文化史を紐解くことに他ならない。
Tracing the transition of makeup is nothing less than unraveling the cultural history of humanity.
Grand historical narrative.
心理学的な観点から、化粧が自己肯定感に及ぼす影響を実証的に研究する。
From a psychological perspective, empirically study the impact of makeup on self-esteem.
Scientific/Research tone.
無垢な素肌に施される最初の一筆が、化粧という儀式の幕開けを告げる。
The first stroke applied to the pure, bare skin signals the beginning of the ritual known as makeup.
Literary/Poetic.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
Frequentemente confundido com
Keshō is more traditional/formal; Meiku is more modern/fashionable.
Funshō is for costumes/disguises; Keshō is for daily beauty.
Midashinami is overall grooming; Keshō is specifically makeup.
Expressões idiomáticas
— To expose someone's true nature (literally: to strip off the makeup).
— To apply makeup with great care and detail.
— To fix one's appearance, often used as a polite excuse to leave a table.
— When makeup adheres perfectly to the skin, implying good health.
— A formal way to say 'to apply makeup' or 'to decorate a surface'.
— A woman with caked-on makeup (often used descriptively or critically).
— To forget to put on makeup (implies being in a rush or being careless).
— The 'air' or 'hint' of wearing makeup.
— A decorative box or a vanity case.
— To ruin one's makeup (e.g., by crying).
Fácil de confundir
Padrões de frases
Família de palavras
Relacionado
Como usar
Keshō is the broad, standard term; Meiku is modern/fashionable.
Can be used for 'finishing' in construction (keshō-ban).
- Using 'kiru' (to wear) with keshō.
- Saying 'keshō o kau' for a single lipstick.
- Using 'tsuyoi' for heavy makeup.
- Thinking 'keshō-shitsu' is only for makeup.
- Confusing 'keshō' with 'funshō' (costume).
Dicas
Work Etiquette
In Japanese offices, a natural 'keshō' is often seen as a sign of professionalism.
Politeness
Adding 'o' (o-keshō) makes the word sound more elegant and feminine.
Compound Words
Learn 'keshōhin' and 'keshōsui' together as they are very common.
Restrooms
Look for the kanji 化粧室 when you need a restroom in a nice building.
Verb Choice
Always use 'suru' with keshō, never 'kiru' or 'haku'.
Commercials
Cosmetic ads are a great way to hear 'keshō' used in various contexts.
Kanji Practice
The kanji 粧 is rare, so practice it specifically for this word.
Magazines
Fashion magazines are the best place to see the contrast between 'keshō' and 'meiku'.
Excusing Yourself
Saying 'Keshō-naoshi ni itte kimasu' is a very natural way to leave a group.
Skincare
Remember that 'kiso-keshōhin' refers to skincare, not color makeup.
Memorize
Origem da palavra
Chinese origin (Sino-Japanese).
Contexto cultural
Male cosmetics (mens-meiku) are a rapidly growing market in urban Japan.
The 'no-makeup makeup' look is highly valued in professional Japanese settings.
White face powder (oshiroi) was historically used to signify high social status.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Iniciadores de conversa
"どんな化粧品を使っていますか? (What kind of cosmetics do you use?)"
"化粧にどれくらい時間がかかりますか? (How much time do you spend on makeup?)"
"おすすめの化粧水はありますか? (Do you have any recommended toners?)"
"最近のメンズメイクについてどう思いますか? (What do you think about recent male makeup trends?)"
"化粧室はどこか知っていますか? (Do you know where the restroom is?)"
Temas para diário
今日の化粧のノリはどうでしたか? (How was your makeup application today?)
あなたにとって化粧はマナーですか、それとも自己表現ですか? (Is makeup manners or self-expression to you?)
初めて化粧をした時のことを覚えていますか? (Do you remember the first time you put on makeup?)
好きな化粧品ブランドについて書いてください。 (Write about your favorite cosmetics brand.)
化粧をしない日は、どんな気分ですか? (How do you feel on days you don't wear makeup?)
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasHistorically yes, but now 'mens-meiku' is common, though 'keshō' still feels slightly feminine to some.
Yes, in public buildings, it is the standard polite word for a restroom with toilets.
Keshō is the native Japanese term; Meiku is a loanword from English. Meiku sounds more like 'fashion' or 'art'.
Use 'keshō o otosu' (literally: to drop makeup).
It refers to how well the makeup adheres to and looks on the skin.
Yes, 'keshō-ban' refers to decorative finishing boards used in architecture.
It is a noun that becomes a verb when you add 'suru'.
It means heavy or thick makeup, sometimes used with a negative nuance.
It is usually 'meiku-appu ātisuto'.
Generally, it is considered bad manners (mana-ihan) to do so.
Teste-se 180 perguntas
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
化粧 is more than just beauty; it is a social tool in Japan. Whether you are shopping for 'keshōhin' or looking for a 'keshō-shitsu,' understanding this word is essential for navigating daily life and professional environments in Japan.
- 化粧 (keshō) means makeup or cosmetics. It is a noun often used with the verb 'suru' (to do/put on).
- In Japan, it is closely linked to professional grooming and social etiquette, not just personal style.
- Common phrases include 'keshō o otosu' (remove makeup) and 'keshō-shitsu' (polite word for restroom).
- The kanji literally mean 'to change' and 'to adorn,' reflecting its transformative nature.
Work Etiquette
In Japanese offices, a natural 'keshō' is often seen as a sign of professionalism.
Politeness
Adding 'o' (o-keshō) makes the word sound more elegant and feminine.
Compound Words
Learn 'keshōhin' and 'keshōsui' together as they are very common.
Restrooms
Look for the kanji 化粧室 when you need a restroom in a nice building.
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お先に
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~可
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