상기하다 em 30 segundos
- To recall or remind, often in formal settings.
- Actively bring something back to mind or make someone else remember.
- Formal verb for remembering or reminding.
- Used in news, official notices, and academic contexts.
The Korean verb 상기하다 (sang-gi-ha-da) is a versatile word that means to recall, bring something back to mind, or to remind someone of something. It's often used in more formal or written contexts, but can also appear in everyday speech when discussing memories, past events, or important information that needs to be remembered or brought to someone's attention.
- Etymology
- The word is derived from the Hanja characters '上' (sang, meaning 'up' or 'above') and '記' (gi, meaning 'to record' or 'to remember'). Thus, it literally implies bringing something 'up' to be remembered or recorded in one's mind.
- Usage in Formal Settings
- You'll frequently encounter 상기하다 in official documents, news reports, academic papers, and business communications. For instance, a company might send a notice to 상기하다 its employees about an upcoming policy change. Similarly, a historian might write to 상기하다 readers of a significant historical event.
- Usage in Personal Contexts
- While less common in casual conversation than in writing, it's still used. If you're trying to help a friend remember a promise or a detail from a past conversation, you might say something like, "제가 그 일을 상기시켜 드릴게요" (I will remind you of that matter). It can also be used introspectively, like recalling a forgotten dream or a past experience to understand a current situation.
- Nuance of 'Reminding'
- The act of 상기하다 implies bringing something to the forefront of one's consciousness. It's not just a passive recollection; it often involves an active effort to retrieve or present information that might have faded or been overlooked. This can be for the speaker's own benefit or to inform others.
회의에서 지난번 결정 사항을 상기하다.
그는 과거의 실수를 상기하다.
선생님은 학생들에게 다음 주 시험 내용을 상기시키셨다.
Mastering 상기하다 involves understanding its common grammatical structures and the contexts in which it's most effectively used. Remember that the causative form, 상기시키다, is crucial for when you are the one doing the reminding.
- Subject Recalling Something
- When the subject is the one doing the recalling, the structure is typically Subject + Object + 상기하다. The object is what is being recalled.
- Subject Reminding Someone Else
- When you are actively reminding someone, you use the causative form 상기시키다. The structure is Subject (the reminder) + Object (the person being reminded) + Object (the thing being reminded of) + 상기시키다. Often, the person being reminded is marked with the particle '에게' (ege) or '한테' (hante), and the thing being reminded of with '을/를' (eul/reul).
- Reminding of a Fact or Detail
- This is a very common use case. It could be reminding someone of a meeting time, a promise, or an important piece of information. The verb conjugates according to the tense and politeness level required.
- Recalling Past Experiences or Feelings
- In a more introspective or literary sense, 상기하다 can be used to describe bringing to mind past events, emotions, or memories, often to gain perspective or understand the present.
- Formal Announcements
- In official notices or announcements, 상기하다 is used to draw attention to previously stated information or rules. This reinforces the formal nature of the word.
나는 그날의 사건을 생생하게 상기할 수 있었다.
관리자는 입주민들에게 관리비 납부일을 상기시켰다.
그녀는 옛 친구와의 약속을 상기했다.
이메일은 회의 일정을 다시 한번 상기시키는 역할을 했다.
상기하다 and its causative form 상기시키다 are words you'll encounter in various settings, each carrying a slightly different nuance and level of formality. Understanding these contexts helps you use and comprehend them more effectively.
- News Broadcasts and Written News
- News anchors and articles frequently use 상기하다 to remind viewers or readers of background information, previous events, or important facts related to a current story. For example, a report on a political issue might 상기하다 the public to past controversies.
- Official Announcements and Public Notices
- Government agencies, companies, and organizations use 상기하다 in official communications to reiterate rules, policies, or important deadlines. You might see signs or read documents that say, "이전 공지 사항을 상기드립니다" (We remind you of the previous notice).
- Academic Lectures and Textbooks
- Professors often use 상기하다 to refer back to concepts or information previously covered in the course, ensuring students have retained the knowledge. Textbooks might use it to remind students of key definitions or formulas.
- Business Meetings and Presentations
- In a professional setting, 상기시키다 is used to bring colleagues up to speed on past decisions, project statuses, or action items. It's a polite way to ensure everyone is on the same page.
- Literature and Personal Essays
- In more literary works or personal reflections, 상기하다 can be used to describe the act of recalling cherished memories, past emotions, or significant life events, often for the purpose of introspection or storytelling.
- Legal and Formal Correspondence
- Legal documents and formal letters might use 상기하다 to refer to previous correspondence, agreements, or relevant legal precedents, ensuring all parties are aware of the historical context.
뉴스에서는 사고의 원인을 상기시키고 있었다.
학교 게시판에는 다음 주 행사 일정을 상기하는 포스터가 붙어 있었다.
교수님은 지난 시간에 배운 내용을 상기시키며 강의를 시작하셨다.
While 상기하다 is a useful verb, learners sometimes make mistakes with its usage, particularly regarding its causative form and when to use it versus simpler alternatives. Being aware of these common pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy.
- Confusing 상기하다 and 상기시키다
- The most frequent error is using 상기하다 when you mean to remind someone else. Remember, 상기하다 is for the subject recalling something themselves, while 상기시키다 (the causative form) is for actively making someone else remember.
- Overusing 상기하다 in Casual Conversation
- 상기하다 is generally more formal. In everyday chat with friends, you'd more likely use simpler verbs like '생각나다' (to come to mind) or '기억하다' (to remember). Using 상기하다 in such contexts can sound stiff or overly academic.
- Incorrect Object Marking
- When using 상기시키다, learners might forget to correctly mark the person being reminded. The person being reminded is typically followed by '에게' (ege) or '한테' (hante), and the thing being reminded of by '을/를' (eul/reul).
- Using 상기하다 for Simple Recollection
- If you're simply recalling a personal memory without any specific intention to bring it to someone else's attention or to highlight its importance, simpler verbs like '기억하다' (to remember) or '떠올리다' (to bring to mind, recall) might be more natural. 상기하다 often implies a more deliberate act of bringing something to the forefront.
- Misinterpreting the Nuance of 'Recall'
- 상기하다 isn't just about having a memory; it's about actively bringing it to consciousness, often for a purpose. Mistaking it for simple passive memory recall can lead to awkward phrasing.
Incorrect: 나는 친구에게 그 사실을 상기했다.
Correct: 나는 친구에게 그 사실을 상기시켰다.
Incorrect (in casual talk): 어제 있었던 일을 상기했어.
More natural: 어제 있었던 일이 생각났어.
상기하다 (sang-gi-ha-da) is a specific verb with a formal tone. Depending on the context and desired nuance, several other Korean words can be used to express similar ideas of remembering or reminding. Understanding these alternatives allows for more precise and natural communication.
- 기억하다 (gi-eok-ha-da) - To remember
- This is the most general and common verb for 'to remember'. It's neutral in formality and can be used in almost any situation, from remembering a name to remembering a historical fact. 상기하다 is more about actively bringing something to mind or making it prominent, whereas 기억하다 is about the state of having something in memory.
- 떠올리다 (tteo-ol-li-da) - To recall, to bring to mind
- This verb implies actively bringing something back to consciousness, often a memory, image, or feeling. It's less formal than 상기하다 and is suitable for personal recollections. It focuses on the act of retrieval.
- 생각나다 (saeng-gak-na-da) - To come to mind, to occur to one's mind
- This is an intransitive verb indicating that something has spontaneously occurred to the subject's mind. It's very common in casual speech and is less about an active effort to remember and more about a memory surfacing. 상기하다 implies a more deliberate act.
- 알리다 (al-li-da) - To inform, to let know
- While 상기시키다 involves reminding someone of something they might have forgotten or overlooked, 알리다 is simply about conveying new or existing information. You 알리다 someone of a fact; you 상기시키다 them of something they already knew but might have forgotten.
- 주의를 환기하다 (ju-ui-reul hwan-gi-ha-da) - To draw attention to, to bring to mind
- This is a more descriptive phrase that closely aligns with the 'reminding' aspect of 상기시키다. It emphasizes drawing someone's attention back to a particular topic or issue. It's also quite formal.
| Verb | Meaning | Formality | When to Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 상기하다 | To recall (actively) | Formal | Formal writing, official announcements, introspective recall of important matters. |
| 상기시키다 | To remind (someone) | Formal | Formally reminding someone of something. |
| 기억하다 | To remember | Neutral | General remembering, any context. |
| 떠올리다 | To recall, to bring to mind | Neutral/Slightly Informal | Recalling memories, images, or feelings, often personal. |
| 생각나다 | To come to mind | Neutral/Informal | When a memory or thought spontaneously occurs. |
| 알리다 | To inform | Neutral | Conveying information, not necessarily reminding of something forgotten. |
| 주의를 환기하다 | To draw attention to | Formal | Formally directing someone's focus back to a topic. |
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The character '記' (gi) is also used in words like '기록' (gi-rok, record) and '기억' (gi-eok, memory), highlighting its core meaning related to retention and recall. The '上' (sang) character often implies bringing something to a higher level or forefront, reinforcing the idea of actively recalling something.
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing '상' too much like 'sang' in 'sangria', making the vowel too short.
- Not distinguishing clearly between '기' (gi) and '가' (ga) if they appear in other words.
- Over-aspirating the 'h' in 'hada', making it sound too forceful.
Nível de dificuldade
Understanding <mark>상기하다</mark> in written text requires familiarity with formal Korean. Its usage in news, academic papers, and official documents means learners will encounter it as they progress in reading comprehension. Recognizing its formal tone and distinguishing it from simpler verbs like '기억하다' is key.
Using <mark>상기하다</mark> correctly in writing, especially in formal contexts, can be challenging. Learners need to master the distinction between <mark>상기하다</mark> and <mark>상기시키다</mark> and understand when its formal register is appropriate, avoiding it in casual writing.
While <mark>상기하다</mark> is less common in casual spoken Korean, understanding it when spoken is important. Actively using it in speech usually occurs in more formal discussions or presentations. Learners might prefer simpler alternatives in everyday conversation.
Listeners need to be attuned to formal language to catch <mark>상기하다</mark> and <mark>상기시키다</mark>. It's often used in news broadcasts, lectures, or formal announcements, so recognizing it in these contexts is crucial for comprehension.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Causative Verbs (-시키다)
상기하다 (to recall) becomes 상기시키다 (to remind someone). This pattern is common in Korean for making verbs causative.
Passive Voice (-되다)
While less common, 상기되다 means 'to be recalled' or 'to be brought to mind'.
Particles (에게/한테, 을/를)
When using 상기시키다, the person being reminded is marked with 에게/한테, and the thing being reminded of is marked with 을/를.
Connecting Clauses (-며, -고)
You can connect the act of recalling with another action using clauses like '-며' (while) or '-고' (and).
Expressing Purpose (-기 위해)
You can explain the purpose of recalling something using '-기 위해' (in order to).
Exemplos por nível
그는 옛날 일을 상기하며 미소를 지었다.
He smiled, recalling old events.
Subject + Object + 상기하다. Object is the thing being recalled.
회의 전에 지난 회의록을 상기해야 합니다.
Before the meeting, we need to recall the minutes from the last meeting.
Object + 상기하다. The object is what needs to be recalled.
선생님께서 숙제 제출 기한을 상기시켜 주셨다.
The teacher reminded us of the homework submission deadline.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. Object (person) is marked with 에게/한테.
이 사진은 나에게 어린 시절의 추억을 상기시킨다.
This photo reminds me of childhood memories.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. This is a common structure for 'remind me of'.
그는 과거의 실수를 상기하고 싶지 않았다.
He did not want to recall his past mistakes.
Subject + Object + -고 싶지 않다 + 상기하다. Expressing a desire not to recall.
이 노래를 들으면 항상 그 당시의 감정이 상기된다.
Listening to this song always brings back the emotions of that time.
Subject + Object + -게 되다 + 상기하다. Passive construction, meaning 'is brought back' or 'comes to mind'.
계약서 내용을 다시 한번 상기해 주세요.
Please remind me of the contract details once again.
Object (thing) + -를/을 + 다시 한번 + 상기하다 + -아/어 주세요. A polite request to be reminded.
그 사건은 많은 사람들에게 잊고 싶었던 기억을 상기시켰다.
The incident brought back memories that many people wanted to forget.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + -고 싶었던 + 기억 + -을 + 상기시키다. Emphasizing unwanted memories being brought back.
역사 교과서는 당시의 시대상을 독자들에게 상기시킨다.
The history textbook reminds readers of the era's atmosphere at the time.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. Textbook as the subject actively reminding.
그녀는 오랜만에 만난 친구에게 과거의 약속을 상기시켰다.
She reminded her friend, whom she met after a long time, of their past promise.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. Clear subject-object-action structure.
이 문제는 우리가 해결해야 할 근본적인 과제를 상기시킨다.
This problem reminds us of the fundamental task we must solve.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. Abstract subject reminding of a task.
그는 회의에서 제기된 모든 의혹들을 상기하며 신중하게 발언했다.
He spoke cautiously, recalling all the suspicions raised in the meeting.
Subject + Object + -며 + 상기하다. Simultaneous action of speaking while recalling.
법률은 시민들에게 준수해야 할 의무를 상기시킨다.
The law reminds citizens of their obligations to comply.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. Law as an abstract entity reminding.
그녀는 자신도 모르게 과거의 트라우마를 상기하게 되었다.
Unconsciously, she ended up recalling her past trauma.
Subject + Object + -게 되다 + 상기하다. Expressing an unintended recall.
이 발표는 우리가 얼마나 멀리 왔는지를 상기시켜 주는 계기가 되었다.
This presentation became an opportunity to remind us how far we have come.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + -어/아 주는 + 계기 + -가 되다 + 상기시키다. A complex sentence structure about an opportunity to remind.
그는 자신의 실패를 상기하며 다시는 같은 실수를 반복하지 않겠다고 다짐했다.
He recalled his failures and resolved not to repeat the same mistakes.
Subject + Object + -며 + -지 않겠다고 + 다짐하다 + 상기하다. Recalling failures as a prelude to a resolution.
고고학적 발견은 인류 문명의 초기 단계를 상기시키는 중요한 단서를 제공한다.
Archaeological discoveries provide important clues that recall the early stages of human civilization.
Subject + Object (thing) + -는 + 중요한 + 단서 + -를 + 제공하다 + 상기하다. Complex sentence with an abstract recall.
작가들은 작품 속에서 과거의 향수를 독자들에게 상기시키기 위해 다양한 장치를 사용한다.
Writers use various devices in their works to remind readers of nostalgia for the past.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + -기 위해 + 다양한 + 장치 + -를 + 사용하다 + 상기시키다. Focus on the author's intent to evoke nostalgia.
현대 사회의 복잡성은 인간 본연의 단순함을 상기하게 만든다.
The complexity of modern society makes us recall our inherent simplicity.
Subject + Object + -게 만들다 + 상기하다. Societal complexity causing a recall of simplicity.
그는 대중 연설에서 청중의 주의를 환기시키기 위해 익숙한 비유를 상기시켰다.
He recalled a familiar analogy to draw the audience's attention during his public speech.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + -기 위해 + 익숙한 + 비유 + -를 + 상기시키다. Formal use of analogy to remind.
이 유적지는 과거의 영광과 현재의 쇠퇴를 동시에 상기시킨다.
These ruins simultaneously bring to mind past glory and present decline.
Subject + Object (thing) + -와 + Object (thing) + -를 + 동시에 + 상기시키다. Evoking contrasting memories.
그녀는 자신의 예술적 영감을 상기하고자 고향으로 돌아갔다.
She returned to her hometown to recall her artistic inspiration.
Subject + Object + -고자 + 상기하다. Purpose clause for recalling inspiration.
그 보고서는 이미 합의된 사항들을 다시 한번 상기시키는 내용을 담고 있었다.
The report contained content that once again reminded us of the matters already agreed upon.
Subject + Object (thing) + -고 + -된 + 사항 + -들을 + 다시 한번 + -는 + 내용 + -을 + 담고 있다 + 상기시키다. Complex sentence structure about a report's content.
사건의 재연은 당시의 충격적인 상황을 생생하게 상기시켰다.
The reenactment of the incident vividly brought back the shocking circumstances of the time.
Subject + Object (thing) + -를 + 당시의 + 충격적인 + 상황 + -을 + 생생하게 + 상기시키다. Vivid recall of shocking events.
그 철학자의 사상은 후대의 사상가들에게 고전적인 개념들을 상기시키는 동시에 새로운 해석의 여지를 열어주었다.
The philosopher's ideas recalled classic concepts to later thinkers while simultaneously opening avenues for new interpretations.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + -는 + 동시에 + 새로운 + 해석 + -의 + 여지 + -를 + 열어주다 + 상기하다. Highly complex sentence with dual actions and abstract concepts.
이 작품은 낭만주의 시대의 정서를 상기시키지만, 현대적인 감수성 또한 내포하고 있다.
This artwork recalls the sentiments of the Romantic era, but it also implies modern sensibility.
Subject + Object (thing) + -지만 + 현대적인 + 감수성 + -또한 + 내포하다 + 상기시키다. Juxtaposition of past and present through recall.
그는 연설을 통해 과거의 영웅적 행위를 상기시키며 국민적 자긍심을 고취하고자 했다.
Through his speech, he sought to evoke past heroic deeds and inspire national pride.
Subject + Object + -며 + 국민적 + 자긍심 + -을 + 고취하다 + 상기시키다. Using recall for nationalistic purposes.
이러한 상황은 과거에 겪었던 유사한 위기를 상기시켜, 우리에게 경각심을 일깨운다.
This situation brings to mind a similar crisis experienced in the past, awakening our vigilance.
Subject + Object (thing) + -시켜 + 우리에게 + 경각심 + -을 + 일깨우다 + 상기하다. Recall leading to a heightened sense of awareness.
그녀는 자신의 예술적 정체성을 상기하기 위해 은둔 생활을 자처했다.
She voluntarily chose a life of seclusion to reaffirm her artistic identity.
Subject + Object + -기 위해 + 은둔 생활 + -을 + 자처하다 + 상기하다. Recall as a means of self-affirmation.
이 문학 작품은 독자들에게 인간 존재의 근원적인 고독을 상기시킨다.
This literary work reminds readers of the fundamental solitude of human existence.
Subject + Object (person) + Object (thing) + 상기시키다. Evoking profound philosophical concepts.
그는 오랜 침묵 끝에, 잊혀졌던 진실들을 상기시키며 충격적인 고백을 했다.
After a long silence, he made a shocking confession, bringing to light forgotten truths.
Subject + Object + -며 + 충격적인 + 고백 + -을 + 하다 + 상기시키다. Recall as a prelude to a dramatic revelation.
그 사건은 우리 사회가 짊어져야 할 과거의 과오들을 상기시키는 씁쓸한 교훈이었다.
That incident was a bitter lesson that reminded us of the past mistakes our society must bear.
Subject + Object (thing) + -를 + 우리 사회가 + 짊어져야 할 + 과거의 + 과오 + -들을 + 상기시키다 + -는 + 씁쓸한 + 교훈 + -이었다. Complex sentence structure with a moral lesson derived from recall.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— To remind someone of something.
그는 나에게 마감일을 상기시켰다. (He reminded me of the deadline.)
— To recall something again, to bring it back to mind anew.
그 사건을 다시 상기해보니, 모든 것이 명확해졌다. (Recalling that incident again made everything clear.)
— To recall something that was forgotten.
오래된 일기장을 보며 잊었던 것을 상기했다. (Looking at an old diary, I recalled things I had forgotten.)
— To draw someone's attention to something, to remind them to be careful or aware.
경찰은 운전자들에게 안전 운전을 주의를 상기시켰다. (The police reminded drivers to drive safely.)
— To recall memories from the past.
그 장소에 가니 과거의 기억을 상기하게 되었다. (Going to that place made me recall past memories.)
— To recall or remind of agreed-upon matters.
회의록을 통해 합의된 사항을 상기했습니다. (We recalled the agreed-upon matters through the meeting minutes.)
— To recall or reflect on a lesson learned.
실패를 통해 얻은 교훈을 상기해야 한다. (We must recall the lessons learned through failure.)
— To remind someone of an important point.
발표자는 청중에게 중요한 점을 상기시켰다. (The presenter reminded the audience of the important points.)
— To recall one's own duties or obligations.
그는 자신의 책임을 상기하며 최선을 다했다. (He did his best, recalling his responsibilities.)
— To recall or think about the future, often as a reminder of goals or consequences.
그는 자신의 목표를 상기하며 다시 한번 힘을 냈다. (He found renewed strength by recalling his goals.)
Frequentemente confundido com
기억하다 is the general verb for 'to remember' and is much more common in everyday speech. 상기하다 implies a more active, deliberate, or formal act of bringing something to mind.
떠올리다 means 'to bring to mind' or 'to recall', often used for memories or images. It's less formal than 상기하다 and focuses on the act of retrieval.
This is the causative form of 상기하다, meaning 'to remind someone'. It's crucial to distinguish between recalling something yourself (상기하다) and reminding someone else (상기시키다).
Expressões idiomáticas
— To bring something clearly to mind, to make sure it's firmly in one's memory.
이 중요한 정보를 당신의 머릿속에 상기시키세요.
Formal— To bring up past events, often with the implication of examining them or using them as a reference.
그는 과거를 들추어 상기하며 현재 문제를 분석했다.
Formal— To recall a forgotten memory.
오랜만에 고향을 방문하여 잊었던 기억을 상기하게 되었다.
Neutral— A facial expression that shows someone is recalling something, often with a look of concentration or nostalgia.
그녀는 상기된 표정으로 옛 사진을 바라보았다.
Neutral— To speak in a way that is clearly intended to remind someone of something.
그는 마치 상기시키듯 나의 실수에 대해 언급했다.
Neutral— To recall a new piece of information that has just been learned or presented.
그 발표를 통해 우리는 새로운 사실을 상기할 수 있었다.
Formal— Something is worth recalling or remembering.
이 역사적 사건은 상기할 만한 가치가 있다.
Formal— To know something without needing to be reminded.
그는 상기시키지 않아도 자신의 임무를 잘 알고 있었다.
Neutral— Emotions that are brought back to the surface or recalled.
그 영화는 잊고 싶었던 상기된 감정을 불러일으켰다.
Neutral— There is a need to recall or be reminded of something.
이 중요한 정보를 다시 한번 상기할 필요가 있습니다.
FormalFácil de confundir
Both relate to memory.
<mark>기억하다</mark> is the general act of remembering or having something in memory. <mark>상기하다</mark> implies a more active process of bringing something to the forefront of one's mind, often for a specific purpose or in a formal context. You '기억하다' a name, but you might '상기하다' a historical event for a presentation.
저는 그의 이름을 <mark>기억</mark>합니다. (I remember his name.) vs. 저는 그 사건을 <mark>상기</mark>하며 발표를 준비했습니다. (I prepared the presentation by <mark>recalling</mark> that incident.)
Both involve bringing something to mind.
<mark>떠올리다</mark> often refers to spontaneous recollection of memories, images, or feelings, and is generally more informal. <mark>상기하다</mark> is more about a deliberate effort to recall specific facts, information, or past events, especially in formal settings. You '떠올리다' a pleasant memory, but you might '상기하다' a crucial detail in a contract.
어릴 적 친구가 <mark>떠올랐다</mark>. (My childhood friend <mark>came to mind</mark>.) vs. 계약서의 중요한 조항을 <mark>상기</mark>해야 했다. (I had to <mark>recall</mark> the important clause in the contract.)
Opposite meanings, but related to memory.
<mark>잊다</mark> means 'to forget', the opposite of remembering. <mark>상기하다</mark> is the active process of remembering or making someone remember something that might have been forgotten or overlooked. One is about losing memory, the other is about actively retrieving it.
나는 그의 생일을 <mark>잊었다</mark>. (I <mark>forgot</mark> his birthday.) vs. 나는 그에게 생일을 <mark>상기</mark>시켰다. (I <mark>reminded</mark> him of his birthday.)
Both can involve conveying information.
<mark>알리다</mark> means 'to inform' or 'to let know', typically conveying new or existing information. <mark>상기시키다</mark> means 'to remind', implying the recipient already has some knowledge of the information but might have forgotten it or needs it brought back to their attention. You '알리다' a new rule, but you '상기시키다' an old one.
정부에 새로운 정책을 <mark>알렸다</mark>. (The new policy was <mark>announced</mark> to the government.) vs. 그는 동료들에게 이전 합의 사항을 <mark>상기</mark>시켰다. (He <mark>reminded</mark> his colleagues of the previous agreement.)
Similar meaning of bringing attention to something.
<mark>주의를 환기하다</mark> is a more descriptive phrase meaning 'to draw attention to' or 'to bring to mind'. It's often used in formal contexts and is very similar in meaning to <mark>상기시키다</mark> when it comes to reminding someone of something. <mark>상기하다</mark> is a single verb, while <mark>주의를 환기하다</mark> is a phrase.
이것은 여러분의 <mark>주의를 환기</mark>시키기 위한 것입니다. (This is to <mark>draw your attention</mark>.) vs. 이 내용은 여러분께 <mark>상기</mark>시켜 드리는 것입니다. (This content is to <mark>remind</mark> you.)
Padrões de frases
Object + 을/를 + 상기하다.
나는 그날의 사건을 <mark>상기</mark>했다.
Subject + Object + 에게/한테 + Object + 을/를 + 상기시키다.
선생님은 학생들에게 숙제를 <mark>상기</mark>시켰다.
Subject + Object + -를 + 상기시키는 + Noun.
그 노래는 어린 시절을 <mark>상기</mark>시키는 것이었다.
Subject + Object + -며 + 상기하다.
그는 과거를 <mark>상기</mark>하며 눈물을 흘렸다.
Subject + Object + -게 + 상기하다.
나는 그에게 중요한 사실을 명확하게 <mark>상기</mark>시켰다.
Subject + Object + -를 + 상기시키다 + -는 + 계기 + -가 되다.
이 발표는 우리가 얼마나 멀리 왔는지를 <mark>상기</mark>시켜 주는 계기가 되었다.
Subject + Object + -는 + 동시에 + Object + -를 + 상기하다.
그 철학자의 사상은 후대 사상가들에게 고전적 개념들을 <mark>상기</mark>시키는 동시에 새로운 해석의 여지를 열어주었다.
Subject + Object + -를 + 상기하다 + -며 + Object + -을/를 + 하다.
그는 연설에서 과거의 영웅적 행위를 <mark>상기</mark>시키며 국민적 자긍심을 고취하고자 했다.
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Relacionado
Como usar
Medium-High in formal written Korean, Low in casual spoken Korean.
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Using <mark>상기하다</mark> instead of <mark>상기시키다</mark> when reminding someone.
→
<mark>상기시키다</mark>
This is the most frequent error. <mark>상기하다</mark> is for self-recall, while <mark>상기시키다</mark> is for reminding others. Example: '친구에게 약속을 <mark>상기</mark>했다.' is wrong; it should be '친구에게 약속을 <mark>상기시켰다</mark>.'
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Using <mark>상기하다</mark> in casual conversation.
→
Use simpler verbs like '기억하다', '떠올리다', or '생각나다'.
<mark>상기하다</mark> is formal. Using it in casual chat sounds unnatural. Example: Instead of '어제 있었던 일을 <mark>상기</mark>했어,' say '어제 있었던 일이 <mark>생각났어</mark>.'
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Incorrect particle usage with <mark>상기시키다</mark>.
→
Subject + Person (에게/한테) + Thing (을/를) + <mark>상기시키다</mark>.
Learners often forget to mark the person being reminded with <mark>에게/한테</mark>. Example: '그는 나에게 그 사실을 <mark>상기</mark>시켰다.' is correct.
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Using <mark>상기하다</mark> for simple, spontaneous memory recall.
→
Use '떠올리다' or '생각나다'.
<mark>상기하다</mark> implies a more deliberate act of recalling specific information. For spontaneous memories, simpler verbs are more appropriate. Example: '그 사진을 보니 옛날 생각이 <mark>떠올랐다</mark>.' is more natural than using <mark>상기하다</mark>.
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Treating <mark>상기하다</mark> as a simple synonym for 'remember' without considering formality.
→
Understand <mark>상기하다</mark> as a formal verb for active recall or reminding.
This leads to inappropriate usage in casual contexts. It's crucial to recognize its formal register and specific nuance of active retrieval or formal reminder.
Dicas
Mind the Formality
상기하다 and its causative form 상기시키다 are formal verbs. Avoid using them in casual conversations with friends or family. Stick to simpler verbs like '기억하다' or '떠올리다' in informal settings.
Remember 상기시키다
When you are the one actively reminding someone else, you must use the causative form 상기시키다. Forgetting this is a common mistake. Always check if you are the subject recalling or the subject reminding.
Context Matters
Pay close attention to the context in which 상기하다 is used. It's most prevalent in written materials, official announcements, news reports, and academic texts. This will help you understand its nuance and appropriateness.
Active vs. Passive
상기하다 implies an active effort to bring something to mind. It's not just passively remembering. Think of it as actively retrieving information from your memory bank.
Hanja Clues
Remembering the Hanja roots '上' (up/ascend) and '記' (record/remember) can help. It signifies 'bringing up to record/remember'. This reinforces the active and formal nature of the word.
Write It Out
Practice writing sentences using 상기하다 and 상기시키다 in different formal scenarios. This will help solidify your understanding of their correct usage and grammatical structures.
Listen Actively
When listening to Korean media like news or documentaries, try to identify instances of 상기하다 or 상기시키다. Note the context to better grasp their meaning and usage.
Know Your Alternatives
Familiarize yourself with synonyms like '기억하다', '떠올리다', and '생각나다'. Knowing when to use these simpler alternatives will make your Korean sound more natural.
Master Particles
Pay special attention to the correct use of object particles (을/를) and indirect object particles (에게/한테) when using 상기시키다 to ensure your sentences are grammatically sound.
Understand the Nuance
상기하다 often implies recalling something significant, factual, or previously established, rather than a fleeting personal memory. This nuance is key to using it appropriately.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine 'Sang' (상) as 'singing' a song that brings back 'Gi' (기) 'memories'. You sing a song to bring old memories to the forefront of your mind. So, 'Sing Gi memories' = 상기하다.
Associação visual
Picture a person holding a magnifying glass over an old photograph, actively examining it to bring back details and memories. The magnifying glass represents 'bringing up' (상) the details to 'record' (기) them in memory.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to describe a recent formal event you attended (like a presentation or meeting) and use 상기하다 or 상기시키다 to explain how information was recalled or shared.
Origem da palavra
The word 상기하다 originates from Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean). It is composed of two characters: '上' (sang), meaning 'up', 'above', or 'to ascend', and '記' (gi), meaning 'to record', 'to remember', or 'to write down'. The combination suggests 'bringing something up to be remembered' or 'recording it in one's mind'.
Significado original: To bring up and record/remember.
Sino-Korean (derived from Hanja)Contexto cultural
When using 상기하다 to remind someone of a mistake or a negative event, it's important to be sensitive to their feelings. The formal nature of the word can sometimes make such reminders feel more pointed or official, so tone and context are crucial.
In English, we have verbs like 'recall', 'remember', 'remind', and 'bring to mind'. 'Recall' and 'bring to mind' are perhaps closest in nuance to the active nature of 상기하다. 'Remind' is the direct equivalent of 상기시키다.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Business meeting
- 이전 회의에서 결정된 사항을 <mark>상기</mark>시킵니다.
- 지난 분기 실적을 <mark>상기</mark>해 봅시다.
- 이 프로젝트의 목표를 다시 한번 <mark>상기</mark>할 필요가 있습니다.
News report
- 사건의 배경을 <mark>상기</mark>시키며 보도했습니다.
- 과거의 유사한 사례를 <mark>상기</mark>시킵니다.
- 시청자들에게 중요한 정보를 <mark>상기</mark>시켰습니다.
Academic lecture
- 이 개념은 이전에 배운 내용을 <mark>상기</mark>시킵니다.
- 교수님은 중요한 이론을 <mark>상기</mark>시키며 강의를 시작했다.
- 이 문제는 우리가 풀어야 할 과제를 <mark>상기</mark>시킨다.
Official announcement
- 이 공지는 규정을 <mark>상기</mark>시키기 위한 것입니다.
- 이전 안내 사항을 <mark>상기</mark>드립니다.
- 마감일을 <mark>상기</mark>시켜 드립니다.
Personal reflection
- 그 사진을 보니 옛 추억이 <mark>상기</mark>되었다.
- 그 노래는 학창 시절을 <mark>상기</mark>시켰다.
- 그때의 감정을 다시 <mark>상기</mark>해 보았다.
Iniciadores de conversa
"What's a memory that you often like to recall?"
"Have you ever had to remind someone of something important? How did you do it?"
"When you hear an old song, what kind of memories does it usually bring back?"
"Do you think it's important to remember historical events? Why or why not?"
"What's something you've learned recently that you want to make sure you don't forget?"
Temas para diário
Write about a time you had to recall a specific detail for an important reason. Describe the process of recalling it.
Think about a past mistake. How can recalling it help you in the future? Use <mark>상기하다</mark> or <mark>상기시키다</mark> in your reflection.
Imagine you are writing an official notice to remind people of a rule or policy. What would you say and how would you phrase it?
Describe a place that strongly reminds you of your childhood. What specific memories does it bring back?
Reflect on a piece of advice you received. How do you keep it in mind, or how might you remind yourself of it when needed?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasGenerally, 상기하다 is considered more formal and is less common in casual spoken Korean. In everyday conversations, people tend to use simpler verbs like '기억하다' (to remember), '떠올리다' (to recall), or '생각나다' (to come to mind). You might hear it in more serious or formal discussions, but it's not typical for light chat.
상기하다 is used when the subject is recalling something for themselves (e.g., 'I recalled the event'). 상기시키다 is the causative form, meaning 'to make someone else recall' or 'to remind someone' (e.g., 'I reminded him of the event'). This distinction is crucial for correct usage.
Yes, it can be used to recall emotions or feelings, especially in more formal or literary contexts. For instance, '그 노래는 그때의 슬픈 감정을 상기시켰다.' (That song recalled the sad emotions of that time.) However, for more casual recollection of feelings, '떠올리다' might be more common.
While 상기하다 inherently carries a formal tone due to its Hanja origin, its usage can vary slightly. However, it's generally safe to consider it formal and use it primarily in written contexts, official announcements, academic settings, or very formal spoken situations. In casual settings, alternatives are preferred.
When you are the one recalling something, you use 상기하다 directly. The object you are recalling is typically marked with the particle '을/를'. For example, '나는 과거의 경험을 상기했다.' (I recalled past experiences.)
상기시키다 is commonly used in situations like reminding someone of a deadline, a promise, a previously discussed topic, or important information. Examples include teachers reminding students, managers reminding employees, or official notices reminding the public.
Yes, the passive form is 상기되다 (sang-gi-doe-da), meaning 'to be recalled' or 'to be brought to mind'. For example, '그 사건이 상기되었다.' (That incident was recalled.) However, the active forms are more frequently used.
Think of 기억하다 as 'to have in memory' (a state) and 상기하다 as 'to actively bring to mind' (an action). 상기하다 is often used when you need to retrieve specific information or when the act of remembering is important in a particular context, usually formal.
While technically possible, it might sound a bit formal or stiff for very personal, casual memories. For recalling personal memories, verbs like '떠올리다' or '기억하다' are generally more natural and common. 상기하다 is better suited for recalling past events or information that has significance in a broader context.
Practice by writing sentences in formal contexts, like drafting an email to remind a colleague or writing a summary of a formal meeting. Also, try translating sentences from English formal contexts that use 'recall' or 'remind' into Korean using 상기하다 or 상기시키다.
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Summary
상기하다 is a formal verb meaning to recall or remind. Use its causative form, 상기시키다, when you are actively reminding someone else. It's common in written and official contexts, less so in casual conversation where simpler verbs are preferred.
- To recall or remind, often in formal settings.
- Actively bring something back to mind or make someone else remember.
- Formal verb for remembering or reminding.
- Used in news, official notices, and academic contexts.
Mind the Formality
상기하다 and its causative form 상기시키다 are formal verbs. Avoid using them in casual conversations with friends or family. Stick to simpler verbs like '기억하다' or '떠올리다' in informal settings.
Remember 상기시키다
When you are the one actively reminding someone else, you must use the causative form 상기시키다. Forgetting this is a common mistake. Always check if you are the subject recalling or the subject reminding.
Context Matters
Pay close attention to the context in which 상기하다 is used. It's most prevalent in written materials, official announcements, news reports, and academic texts. This will help you understand its nuance and appropriateness.
Active vs. Passive
상기하다 implies an active effort to bring something to mind. It's not just passively remembering. Think of it as actively retrieving information from your memory bank.
Exemplo
과거의 아픈 기억을 다시 상기하고 싶지 않다.
Conteúdo relacionado
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적응하다
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열망
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연상하다
B1Associar uma ideia ou imagem a outra coisa.
태도
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행동
B1A ação ou o comportamento de uma pessoa.
소속감
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편향
B2Uma tendência a inclinar-se para um lado ou perspectiva, impedindo uma consideração objetiva.
범주화
B1O processo de organizar coisas ou ideias em grupos com base em características compartilhadas.
