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B2 adjective 10 min de leitura

讲究

jiangjiu
Exemplos 讲究 em 30 segundos
Explicação 讲究 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 讲究 (jiǎngjiu) as a way to say someone 'really cares' about something or 'pays attention' to a specific habit. While it's a bit advanced for absolute beginners, you will often hear it in simple phrases like '讲究卫生' (jiǎngjiu wèishēng), which means 'to care about hygiene' or 'to be clean.' At this stage, just remember that it's a word used when someone does something carefully and not lazily. For example, if you wash your hands many times and keep your room very neat, your Chinese teacher might say you are '讲究.' It's like a 'super version' of just being careful. Don't worry about the complex artistic meanings yet; just focus on the idea of 'doing something with care.'
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At the A2 level, you can start using 讲究 to describe people's habits, especially regarding food and clothes. You might say '他不讲究吃' (Tā bù jiǎngjiu chī), which means 'He isn't picky about what he eats.' This is a very useful phrase when talking about preferences. You'll also see it used to describe things that look 'fancy' or 'nice.' If you see a house that is very beautifully decorated, you can say '这个家很讲究' (Zhèige jiā hěn jiǎngjiu). It's a great step up from just saying '漂亮' (piàoliang - beautiful) because it implies that the beauty comes from hard work and good taste. You should also recognize the negative form '不讲究' as a way to say someone is 'casual' or 'not fussy.'
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At the B1 level, you should begin to understand that 讲究 isn't just about being 'clean' or 'nice'; it's about following a standard or a 'way' of doing things. You will encounter it in the context of Chinese culture, such as tea ceremonies or traditional festivals. For example, '过年有很多讲究' (Guònián yǒu hěnduō jiǎngjiu) means 'There are many traditions/rules to follow during Chinese New Year.' Here, the word means 'customs' or 'things to be mindful of.' You should also be able to use it as an adjective to describe quality. If a friend wears a very high-quality, perfectly fitted suit, you could say '你今天的穿戴真讲究' (Your outfit today is really tasteful/exquisite). At this level, you are moving from 'care' to 'taste.'
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 讲究 to discuss nuances in behavior, art, and social etiquette. You should understand the noun-like usage in phrases like '大有讲究' (dà yǒu jiǎngjiu), which implies that a subject has deep, hidden complexities. For example, in a business negotiation or a formal dinner, the seating arrangement isn't random—'座位的安排是大有讲究的' (The seating arrangement involves a lot of subtle etiquette). You should also be able to distinguish 讲究 from synonyms like '精致' (delicate) and '考究' (formal/exquisite). B2 learners should use this word to describe the 'art' of doing something, whether it's cooking, writing, or social interaction, showing an appreciation for the 'how' and 'why' behind actions.
At the C1 level, 讲究 becomes a tool for discussing cultural philosophy and social commentary. You can use it to analyze the 'petty bourgeois' (小资) lifestyle or the meticulous standards of traditional craftsmen. You should understand the subtle social sting of being called '不讲究' in a moral or ethical sense—implying a lack of integrity or a failure to uphold social 'contracts.' You should be comfortable using the word in formal writing to describe the 'exquisite nature' of literature or architectural styles. At this level, you should also be aware of its regional usage variations, such as its heavy presence in 'Old Beijing' culture as depicted in the works of authors like Lao She, where being 讲究 is a defining character trait that separates the refined from the rowdy.
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At the C2 level, you master the full spectrum of 讲究, including its most abstract and philosophical applications. You can use it to describe the 'logic' or 'rationale' behind complex systems or aesthetic theories. You understand how the word reflects the Chinese value of 'perfection through process' and its connection to the concept of 'Ritual' (礼). You can use it to discuss the evolution of Chinese social standards from the dynastic era to the modern day. For a C2 learner, 讲究 is no longer just a vocabulary word; it's a window into the Chinese soul's preference for order, beauty, and meticulousness. You can use it effortlessly in debates about cultural preservation, modern consumerism, or the philosophy of art, capturing the exact shade of 'meaningful excellence' that the word conveys.
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Exemplos

讲究 em 30 segundos

  • A versatile word meaning 'particular about,' 'exquisite,' or 'the art of something.'
  • Used to praise high standards in food, clothing, and social etiquette.
  • Can be a verb (to care about), adjective (tasteful), or noun (hidden skill).
  • Often reflects cultural values of 'face' and meticulousness in Chinese society.

The word 讲究 (jiǎngjiu) is a fascinating and indispensable term in the Chinese language that bridges the gap between simple 'attention to detail' and a high-level 'aesthetic standard.' At its core, it functions as a verb, an adjective, and even a noun, depending on the context. For English speakers, the closest translations are 'to be particular about,' 'exquisite,' or 'tasteful.' However, none of these single words fully capture the cultural weight it carries. When you say someone is 讲究, you are often complimenting their refined taste, their adherence to traditional standards, or their meticulous nature in a specific craft or lifestyle choice.

The Verb Usage: Intentionality
As a verb, 讲究 means to pay great attention to or to be fastidious about something. For instance, 讲究卫生 (jiǎngjiu wèishēng) means to be very particular about hygiene. It implies a conscious effort to maintain a standard. It is not just doing something; it is doing it with a specific, high-quality intent.
The Adjective Usage: Quality and Style
When used as an adjective, it describes things or people that are elegant, well-made, or sophisticated. A room might be 布置得很讲究 (bùzhì de hěn jiǎngjiu), meaning it is decorated with great taste and attention to detail. This usage often carries a sense of luxury or high social standing, though it can also apply to simple things done perfectly.
The Noun Usage: Hidden Depth
In phrases like 大有讲究 (dà yǒu jiǎngjiu), the word acts as a noun meaning 'art,' 'technique,' or 'something that requires careful study.' It suggests that there is more to a situation than meets the eye, requiring specialized knowledge to truly understand or perform correctly.

中国人喝茶非常讲究，从水温到茶具都有特定的要求。

— Chinese people are very particular about tea; there are specific requirements for everything from water temperature to teaware.

Historically, the term originates from the idea of 'discussing' (讲) and 'researching' (究). In the past, scholars would '讲究' classical texts, meaning they would analyze them deeply. Over time, this evolved into the modern sense of applying that same level of deep research and analysis to everyday life—how we eat, how we dress, and how we treat others. In a social context, being 讲究 is often linked to the concept of 'Face' (面子). By showing that you are 讲究, you signal to others that you are educated, disciplined, and respect the traditions of your culture. It is a way of showing respect both to yourself and to the people you interact with.

这顿饭准备得很讲究，连餐巾的折法都很有艺术感。

— This meal was prepared very exquisitely; even the way the napkins are folded is very artistic.

In modern urban China, the word has seen a resurgence among the younger 'middle class' (小资) who value quality of life. They might be 讲究 about their coffee beans, their skincare routines, or their home office setups. In this context, it isn't just about old traditions; it's about a modern pursuit of excellence and personal style. Whether you are talking about a master chef's knife skills or a friend's impeccable fashion sense, 讲究 is the word you need to describe that perfect blend of effort, knowledge, and taste.

Understanding the grammatical flexibility of 讲究 (jiǎngjiu) is key to using it naturally. It transitions smoothly between parts of speech, but its placement in a sentence changes its nuance significantly. Here we will break down the three primary ways to construct sentences using this word.

1. As a Predicate Verb (To be particular about)

When used as a verb, it usually follows the pattern: Subject + (非常/很) + 讲究 + Object. This indicates that the subject places high importance on the object. The object is usually a noun representing a category of lifestyle or behavior.

Example A
他这人特别讲究穿戴。(Tā zhè rén tèbié jiǎngjiu chuāndài.)
He is particularly fastidious about his clothing and appearance.
Example B
做这道菜很讲究火候。(Zuò zhè dào cài hěn jiǎngjiu huǒhou.)
Cooking this dish requires great attention to the heat/timing.

2. As an Adjective (Exquisite/Tasteful)

As an adjective, it describes the quality of a thing. The pattern is: Noun + 很/非常 + 讲究. In this case, it means the thing itself is of high quality, well-designed, or shows evidence of great care.

他的办公室装修得非常讲究。

— His office is decorated very tastefully/exquisitely.

3. The 'Hidden Meaning' Noun Usage

Sometimes, 讲究 acts as a noun meaning 'underlying principles' or 'subtle details.' You will often see it paired with verbs like 有 (yǒu) or 没 (méi).

When negating 讲究, you can say 不讲究. This can mean 'not picky' (positive/neutral) or 'sloppy/uncouth' (negative). For example, 他不讲究吃穿 (He isn't picky about food or clothes) implies he is simple and easy-going. However, 他办事不讲究 (He doesn't do things properly/fairly) is a criticism of his character or methods.

To truly master 讲究 (jiǎngjiu), you need to recognize the specific cultural domains where it thrives. It is not a word used for trivial things; it is reserved for areas of life where standards and traditions matter most. Here are the most common scenarios where you will encounter this word in China.

1. Culinary Arts and Fine Dining

China's food culture is perhaps the most frequent home for this word. From the way ingredients are sliced (knife work) to the precise temperature of the wok (火候), everything can be 讲究. If you visit a high-end restaurant, the server might explain why a certain dish is 讲究—perhaps the broth was simmered for 48 hours, or the ingredients were sourced from a specific mountain range.

The Tea Ceremony
Tea culture is the epitome of being 讲究. You don't just 'drink' tea; you follow a process. The choice of water, the material of the teapot (Yixing clay), and the timing of the pour are all 大有讲究 (full of art and skill).

2. Social Etiquette and Gift Giving

In Chinese social life, 'how' you do something is often more important than 'what' you do. When giving a gift, the color of the wrapping, the number of items (avoiding 4, preferring 8), and the way you present it with both hands are all part of being 讲究. If you ignore these rules, people might say you are 不讲究礼数 (not particular about etiquette), which can be seen as a sign of poor upbringing.

在他家做客，很多细节都很讲究，比如座位的安排。

— Being a guest at his house, many details are very particular, such as the seating arrangement.

3. Craftsmanship and Interior Design

When discussing traditional architecture, furniture (like Ming-style chairs), or even modern interior design, 讲究 describes the precision of the work. It implies that the creator didn't take shortcuts. You'll hear this on home improvement shows or when visiting a museum. A piece of jade carving might be described as 工艺讲究 (the craftsmanship is exquisite).

Finally, in literature and film (especially those set in old Beijing or Shanghai), 讲究 is a keyword to describe the 'old money' or 'literati' lifestyle. It evokes a world where every action is deliberate and every object has a story.

While 讲究 (jiǎngjiu) is a versatile word, English learners often stumble over its nuances. Because it can mean 'particular,' 'tasteful,' and 'etiquette' all at once, it's easy to misapply. Here are the four most common pitfalls to avoid.

1. Confusing '讲究' with '注意' (zhùyì)

Many learners use 讲究 when they simply mean 'to pay attention to' or 'to notice.' While they overlap, 注意 is neutral and functional, while 讲究 implies a standard of excellence or a specific method. For example, you 注意 the traffic (functional), but you 讲究 your driving technique (striving for perfection).

Incorrect
过马路要讲究安全。(Guò mǎlù yào jiǎngjiu ānquán.)
This sounds strange. You should use '注意安全'.
Correct
写书法很讲究笔画的顺序。(Xiě shūfǎ hěn jiǎngjiu bǐhuà de shùnxù.)
Writing calligraphy is very particular about the order of strokes.

2. Misunderstanding the Negation '不讲究'

In English, 'not particular' usually means 'I don't mind' or 'I'm easy-going.' In Chinese, 不讲究 can mean that, but it can also be a serious social criticism. If you say a person is 不讲究 in a business setting, you might be saying they are untrustworthy or lack professional integrity. Be careful with the context!

3. Over-using it for People's Personalities

While you can say 他很讲究, it usually refers to their habits or appearance, not their general 'niceness' or 'intelligence.' If you want to say someone is a 'good person,' don't use 讲究. Use it specifically when you want to highlight their refined standards or their adherence to social rules.

4. Confusing it with '讲究' (jiǎngjiù - to speak/save face)

Though the characters are the same, learners sometimes confuse the 'particular about' meaning with '讲' (to speak) and '究' (research). While that is the etymology, in modern speech, if you want to say someone is 'researching something,' you should use 研究 (yánjiū). Using 讲究 for academic research is archaic and will sound out of place in a modern conversation.

Chinese has several words that overlap with 讲究 (jiǎngjiu). Choosing the right one depends on whether you want to emphasize the process, the result, or the attitude. Here is a comparison of the most common alternatives.

1. 考究 (kǎojiu)
Difference: Very similar to 讲究, but more formal and often used for historical or academic 'exquisiteness.' While 讲究 can be used for daily habits, 考究 is often used for high-end materials, antique furniture, or scholarly research.
Example: 这件旗袍的面料非常考究。(The fabric of this Qipao is very exquisite/well-researched.)
2. 精致 (jīngzhì)
Difference: Focuses on the result. It means 'delicate,' 'fine,' or 'exquisite.' While 讲究 implies the effort and standard put into it, 精致 describes the physical beauty and precision of the final product.
Example: 她收到了一个精致的小盒子。(She received a delicate/exquisite little box.)
3. 挑剔 (tiāoti)
Difference: This is the negative version of being particular. It means 'picky' or 'hyper-critical.' 讲究 is usually a compliment (high standards), while 挑剔 is usually a complaint (nothing is ever good enough).
Example: 他对食物太挑剔了，很难请他吃饭。(He is too picky about food; it's hard to invite him to dinner.)
4. 注意 (zhùyì)
Difference: As mentioned before, this is 'to pay attention to.' It is a neutral, functional word. Use this for safety, warnings, or simply noticing things. Use 讲究 for lifestyle, art, and standards.
Example: 请注意听我说话。(Please pay attention to what I'm saying.)
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Exemplos por nível

1

他很讲究卫生。

He is very particular about hygiene.

Subject + 很 + 讲究 + Noun (hygiene).

2

我不讲究吃什么。

I am not particular about what I eat.

Negation '不' before '讲究'.

3

老师讲究准时。

The teacher is particular about being on time.

Verb usage: to care about/insist on.

4

他的衣服很讲究。

His clothes are very tasteful/exquisite.

Adjective usage describing quality.

5

我们要讲究科学。

We should pay attention to science.

Using '讲究' to mean 'value' or 'follow'.

6

这个小礼物不讲究。

This little gift isn't fancy.

Using '不讲究' to mean 'simple' or 'not exquisite'.

7

妈妈讲究房间干净。

Mom is particular about the room being clean.

Subject + 讲究 + [Noun Phrase].

8

写字要讲究姿势。

Writing requires attention to posture.

Verb usage: 'requires/values'.

1

他穿衣服总是很讲究。

He is always very particular about his clothes.

Adverb '总是' (always) modifying the state of being '讲究'.

2

这家餐厅的餐具很讲究。

The tableware in this restaurant is very exquisite.

Adjective describing physical objects.

3

我不讲究名牌。

I don't care about famous brands.

Verb usage: 'to care about/value'.

4

他办事很讲究效率。

He is very particular about efficiency when doing things.

Subject + 办事 + 很 + 讲究 + Noun.

5

这个菜的做法很讲究。

The way this dish is made is very particular/exquisite.

Describing a process or method.

6

他住的地方不怎么讲究。

The place where he lives is not very fancy.

Using '不怎么' (not very) with '讲究'.

7

请客吃饭有很多讲究。

There are many rules/details to be mindful of when inviting people for dinner.

Noun usage: 'rules/etiquette'.

8

她是一个讲究生活质量的人。

She is a person who is particular about the quality of life.

Attributive usage: '讲究...的人'.

1

中国茶道对水温非常讲究。

Chinese tea ceremony is very particular about water temperature.

Using '对...非常讲究' pattern.

2

这件家具的做工非常讲究。

The workmanship of this piece of furniture is very exquisite.

Focusing on the 'craftsmanship' (做工).

3

他这人说话不讲究，容易得罪人。

He is not careful with his words and easily offends people.

Using '不讲究' to describe a lack of social tact.

4

送礼物给长辈是有讲究的。

There is a specific etiquette for giving gifts to elders.

The '是有讲究的' pattern (there is an art/rule to it).

5

虽然他很有钱，但生活并不讲究排场。

Although he is rich, he doesn't care for showing off/ostentation.

讲究 + 排场 (ostentation/extravagance).

6

他的书法很有讲究，每一笔都有力量。

His calligraphy is very skillful/refined; every stroke has power.

Noun usage meaning 'skill/art'.

7

在正式场合，着装一定要讲究。

In formal occasions, one's dress must be tasteful/appropriate.

Using '讲究' as a requirement for quality.

8

这顿年夜饭准备得极其讲究。

This New Year's Eve dinner was prepared with extreme care/exquisiteness.

Adverb '极其' (extremely) modifying '讲究'.

1

这里的布局大有讲究，充分利用了空间。

The layout here is very well-thought-out; it makes full use of the space.

Phrase '大有讲究' (contains much wisdom/art).

2

他办事向来讲究分寸，从不让人难堪。

He has always been careful about the 'proper measure' (tact), never embarrassing anyone.

讲究 + 分寸 (sense of propriety/limit).

3

这种古法酿酒工艺非常讲究，耗时很长。

This ancient wine-brewing technique is very meticulous and time-consuming.

Describing a complex traditional process.

4

他的文字很讲究，读起来很有韵味。

His writing is very refined; it has a lingering charm when read.

Describing literary style.

5

这种茶的冲泡方法是大有讲究的。

There is a great deal of art in the way this tea is brewed.

Noun usage emphasizing complexity.

6

他是一个对艺术非常讲究的人。

He is a person who is very particular/discriminating about art.

Prepositional phrase '对...讲究'.

7

为了面子，他处处都表现得很讲究。

For the sake of 'face', he acts very refined in every aspect.

Linking '讲究' to social status/face.

8

这几句话说得真讲究，既得体又大方。

Those few words were spoken so well—both appropriate and elegant.

Using '讲究' for verbal communication quality.

1

老北京人的生活里，处处都透着一种讲究。

In the life of old Beijingers, a sense of refinement/etiquette is evident everywhere.

Using '讲究' as a noun for a cultural lifestyle.

2

这篇文章的遣词造句极其讲究，非一日之功。

The wording and phrasing of this article are extremely exquisite; it's not the work of a single day.

High-level literary description.

3

他这人不讲究情面，只看重原则。

He doesn't care about personal feelings/social favors; he only values principles.

讲究 + 情面 (to care about social relationships/favors).

4

园林的设计在虚实结合上非常讲究。

The design of the garden is very particular about the combination of 'void and solid'.

Discussing aesthetic theory.

5

他办事太讲究形式，反而忽略了内容。

He is too particular about form/ceremony, and instead ignores the substance.

Criticizing excessive focus on '讲究'.

6

这种瓷器的胎土和釉色都极其讲究。

The clay body and glaze color of this porcelain are both extremely refined.

Technical description of art objects.

7

在那个时代，这种礼节是很有讲究的。

In that era, this kind of etiquette involved many subtle complexities.

Historical context for etiquette.

8

他那种不讲究的行为，让在场的人都很尴尬。

His lack of proper manners/decorum made everyone present feel embarrassed.

Using '不讲究' as a noun-like descriptor for behavior.

1

魏晋名士追求一种不拘礼法、却又极度讲究精神境界的生活。

The scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties pursued a life that defied conventions yet was extremely particular about spiritual realms.

Abstract usage for 'spiritual state'.

2

这出京剧的唱念做打，无一不体现出传统艺术的讲究。

The singing, speech, acting, and combat in this Peking Opera all embody the meticulous standards of traditional art.

Comprehensive application to art forms.

3

真正的贵族精神，不在于财富，而在于对生活细节的某种讲究。

True nobility lies not in wealth, but in a certain refinement regarding the details of life.

Philosophical definition of nobility.

4

古人讲究“天人合一”，这在建筑选址上表现得尤为明显。

Ancient people emphasized 'the harmony of heaven and man,' which is particularly evident in the selection of architectural sites.

Linking '讲究' to core Chinese philosophical concepts.

5

他的画作在笔墨运用上讲究“疏可跑马，密不透风”。

His paintings are particular about the use of ink, following the principle of 'loose enough for a horse to run through, yet dense enough to block the wind'.

Technical artistic jargon.

6

这种政治博弈中的退让与进取，其实是大有讲究的。

The retreats and advances in this political game actually involve a great deal of subtle strategy.

Metaphorical usage for strategy/gamesmanship.

7

他那种刻意表现出来的讲究，反而显出几分俗气。

The refinement he deliberately put on display actually showed a touch of vulgarity.

Critique of 'pseudo-refinement'.

8

学术研究最讲究的是严谨，来不得半点马虎。

What academic research values most is rigor; there is no room for the slightest sloppiness.

Using '最讲究的是...' as a defining requirement.

Colocações comuns

讲究卫生
讲究质量
讲究效率
讲究排场
讲究礼节
讲究方法
大有讲究
极其讲究
讲究实惠
不讲究吃穿

Frases Comuns

很有讲究

— There is a lot of skill, art, or underlying reason involved. Used to point out hidden depth.

这茶的泡法很有讲究。

不讲究

— Can mean 'casual/not picky' or 'uncouth/lacking manners' depending on context.

他这个人办事真不讲究。

讲究分寸

— To be mindful of the proper limit or tact in social situations.

说话要讲究分寸。

讲究门面

— To care about outward appearances or the 'front' one puts up.

做生意的人通常很讲究门面。

讲究信誉

— To place high value on one's reputation or credit.

老字号商店最讲究信誉。

讲究品味

— To be particular about having good taste.

他是一个讲究品味的人。

讲究情调

— To value atmosphere or sentiment, often in a romantic or aesthetic sense.

这家咖啡馆很讲究情调。

讲究平衡

— To strive for balance, whether in diet, work-life, or design.

中医讲究阴阳平衡。

讲究艺术

— To value the artistic aspect or to do something with artistic skill.

插花是一门讲究艺术的活儿。

讲究公平

— To insist on or value fairness.

比赛最讲究公平竞争。

Expressões idiomáticas

"大有讲究"

— There is a great deal of art/science/etiquette involved in it.

中国人的座次安排大有讲究。

Common
"虽不讲究，但很实用"

— Not fancy/exquisite, but very practical.

这件衣服虽不讲究，但很实用。

Colloquial
"极其讲究"

— Exceedingly particular or exquisite.

他对待工作极其讲究。

Formal
"凡事讲究"

— Particular about everything; meticulous in all matters.

他凡事讲究，从不马虎。

Description
"毫不讲究"

— Not particular at all; completely casual or sloppy.

他对住的地方毫不讲

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