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A2 adjective 8 min de leitura

结实

jiē shi
Exemplos Notas e dicas 结实 em 30 segundos
Explicação 结实 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners should focus on the most basic physical meaning of '结实' (jiēshi). Think of it as 'not easy to break.' You can use it to describe simple objects like a chair, a bag, or a toy. It is usually used with the very common adverb '很' (hěn). For example, '这个椅子很结实' (This chair is very sturdy). At this stage, don't worry about the abstract meanings or the different pronunciations. Just remember that if you want to say something is strong and won't break when you use it, '结实' is the word to use. It is a very practical word for shopping or talking about your belongings. You might also hear it when someone describes a healthy baby or a strong puppy. The structure is almost always [Noun] + [很] + 结实.
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At the A2 level, you can start using '结实' in more varied sentence structures. You should be able to use it as an adjective before a noun, such as '结实的绳子' (a sturdy rope) or '结实的鞋子' (sturdy shoes). You can also use it to describe a person's physical health or build. For example, '他长得很结实' (He is built sturdily). This level also introduces the comparison of objects. You might compare two suitcases and decide to buy the '更结实的' (sturdier one). You should also begin to notice that '结实' is used for things that are tangible and physical, distinguishing it from other words for 'strong' that might apply to feelings or coffee.
By B1, you should be comfortable using '结实' as a complement of result or state in more complex sentences. For instance, '把这个架子固定结实' (Fix this shelf sturdily/securely). You will also encounter the reduplicated form '结结实实' (jiējiē-shīshī), which adds emphasis and a descriptive flair, often used to describe how someone is built or how something has been constructed. At this level, you should start to differentiate '结实' from synonyms like '坚固' (jiāngù) and '牢固' (láogù). You understand that '结实' is more colloquial and suitable for everyday items, while the others are more formal or specific to structural integrity. You might also use it in the context of sports and fitness more naturally.
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At the B2 level, you can use '结实' with nuance. You understand its role in describing materials and engineering in a non-technical way. You can discuss the 'sturdiness' of a plan's foundation (metaphorically, though '牢固' is more common, '结实' can be used in specific dialects or contexts). You are aware of the secondary pronunciation 'jiē shí' (to bear fruit) and can distinguish it from the 'sturdy' meaning based on context. You can use '结实' in passive sentences or with '把' constructions to describe the process of making something strong. You also understand the cultural connotation that being '结实' implies a hardworking, reliable, and healthy nature, especially in rural or traditional Chinese contexts.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the stylistic register of '结实.' You know it is a word that carries a sense of 'earthiness' and 'reliability.' You can use it in literature or formal writing to evoke a specific image of a person or an object's physical presence. You can contrast it with more academic terms like '强度' (intensity/strength) or '稳定性' (stability). You understand the etymological roots of the word—how 'tying a knot' (结) to make something 'solid' (实) reflects a traditional view of craftsmanship. You can also identify when '结实' is used ironically or in regional dialects (like Beijing dialect) where the neutral tone is particularly pronounced.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of '结实' is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. You can use it in all its forms, including rare idiomatic expressions or as part of complex descriptive passages. You understand the subtle differences in how '结实' is used across different Chinese-speaking regions (e.g., Mainland China vs. Taiwan). You can appreciate the word's use in classical-style modern prose to describe the 'sturdiness' of a character's resolve through their physical description. You are also fully aware of the botanical technicalities of '结实' (jiē shí) and can use it in scientific or agricultural discussions without confusion. Your usage is precise, culturally grounded, and contextually perfect.
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Exemplos Notas e dicas

结实 em 30 segundos

  • Used to describe physical sturdiness and durability of objects like furniture and bags.
  • Describes a person's healthy, robust, and well-built physical constitution.
  • Commonly pronounced with a neutral tone (jiēshi) in everyday speech.
  • Essential for shopping and describing quality in A2-level Chinese conversations.

The Chinese adjective 结实 (jiēshi) is a versatile and essential word for any learner reaching the A2 level. At its core, it describes physical durability, solidity, and sturdiness. Whether you are talking about a piece of furniture that doesn't wobble, a cardboard box that won't break during a move, or a person who looks physically fit and robust, this is the go-to term. Unlike abstract words for 'strength,' 结实 is grounded in the material world. It suggests that something is well-built, tightly packed, or physically resilient against pressure or wear and tear. In a culture that historically valued long-lasting goods and physical labor, being 结实 is a high compliment for both objects and bodies.

Physical Objects
When applied to objects, it means 'durable' or 'sturdy.' A 结实的桌子 (sturdy table) is one that can hold heavy weight without breaking. A 结实的鞋子 (sturdy pair of shoes) can withstand miles of walking on rough terrain.
Human Physique
When describing a person, it means 'fit,' 'robust,' or 'well-built.' It does not necessarily mean they are a bodybuilder with massive muscles, but rather that their body is solid and healthy. It is often used to describe children who are growing well or laborers who have hardened bodies from work.

这件家具看上去很结实，可以用很多年。

Translation: This piece of furniture looks very sturdy; it can be used for many years.

In daily life, you will hear this word most often in marketplaces or furniture stores. If a salesperson wants to convince you of a product's quality, they will pound on it and say '结实着呢!' (It's really sturdy!). It conveys a sense of reliability. If you are moving house, you will look for 结实的纸箱 (sturdy cardboard boxes). The word implies a tactile quality; you can almost feel the density and the strength of the item being described. It is a very 'tangible' adjective.

他的身体很结实，很少生病。

Translation: His body is very robust; he rarely gets sick.
Materials
It is used for fabrics, ropes, and building materials. A 结实的绳子 (strong rope) is one that won't snap under tension. This is crucial in safety contexts.

Using 结实 correctly involves understanding its role as a qualitative adjective. It can function as a predicate, an attributive modifier, or a complement. Because it describes a state of being, it is frequently used with degree adverbs like 很 (hěn), 非常 (fēicháng), or 特别 (tèbié). In more colloquial settings, you might see it followed by the particle '着呢' to emphasize the degree of sturdiness.

As a Predicate
Structure: [Subject] + [Degree Adverb] + 结实. For example: '这双鞋很结实' (These shoes are very sturdy). This is the most common way to describe the quality of an object you are holding or looking at.
As an Attributive
Structure: 结实的 + [Noun]. For example: '我需要一个结实的口袋' (I need a sturdy bag). Here, it defines the requirement or the nature of the noun.

把绳子捆结实点儿，别让东西掉出来。

Translation: Tie the rope a bit more securely/tightly; don't let the things fall out.

In the example above, 结实 acts as a complement of result or state. It describes the result of the action '捆' (to tie). This usage is slightly more advanced but very common in practical instructions. It suggests that the final state of the knot should be firm and unbreakable. You can also use it with the '得' construction: '他长得结结实实的' (He is built very sturdily). Note the reduplication '结结实实' which adds an descriptive, almost rhythmic emphasis to the sturdiness.

Comparative Use
You can compare the sturdiness of two things using '比'. For example: '实木家具比组装家具结实' (Solid wood furniture is sturdier than flat-pack furniture).

这堵墙砌得很结实。

Translation: This wall was built very sturdily.

Understanding the context of 结实 helps you use it naturally. You won't usually hear it in a philosophy lecture or a high-end fashion show, but you will hear it everywhere else. It is a word of the earth, the workshop, and the home. It belongs to the vocabulary of practicality and physical reality.

At the Market
When buying groceries, if the plastic bag looks thin, you might ask: '这个袋子结实吗？能装下这些土豆吗？' (Is this bag sturdy? Can it hold these potatoes?). The vendor will likely reply, '放心吧，结实得很!' (Don't worry, it's very sturdy!).
In the Gym or Sports Field
When seeing a friend who has been working out, you might say: '你最近练得不错，身体越来越结实了。' (You've been training well lately; your body is getting sturdier and sturdier). It’s a compliment that focuses on health and solid muscle rather than just 'looking big.'

这种材料既轻便又结实。

Translation: This material is both lightweight and sturdy.

In the context of logistics and moving (搬家 - bānjiā), 结实 is the most important adjective. People discuss 结实的箱子 (sturdy boxes) and 结实的胶带 (strong tape). If a box breaks, someone might complain, '这个盒子一点儿都不结实' (This box isn't sturdy at all). This highlights how the word is used to judge the quality of utility items.

我想买个结实一点的背包去远足。

Translation: I want to buy a sturdier backpack for hiking.

While 结实 is a common word, learners often overextend its meaning or confuse it with related terms for 'strong.' Because English uses 'strong' for a wide variety of contexts—physical objects, people, arguments, smells, and even tea—it is easy to misapply 结实 in Chinese.

Mistake 1: Using it for Abstract Strength
You cannot use 结实 to describe a 'strong argument' or a 'strong personality.' For an argument, use 充分 (chōngfèn - sufficient) or 有力 (yǒulì - powerful). For a personality, use 坚强 (jiānqiáng - strong/resilient).
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Powerful' (强大)
强大 (qiángdà) is used for countries, armies, or forces. You wouldn't say a '结实的军队' (sturdy army) unless you were literally talking about the physical build of every soldier. Use 强大 for power and influence.

错误：他的汉语很结实。 (Incorrect: His Chinese is very sturdy.)

Correction: Use 他的汉语基础很牢固 (His Chinese foundation is very solid/firm).

Another common error involves the pronunciation. As mentioned, the neutral tone for '实' is key for the 'sturdy' meaning. Pronouncing it 'jiē shí' might make a native speaker think of fruit-bearing trees. Also, be careful with the word 坚固 (jiāngù). While similar, 坚固 is more formal and often used for large structures like bridges or fortifications, whereas 结实 is much more common for everyday items like chairs and bags.

错误：这杯咖啡很结实。 (Incorrect: This coffee is very sturdy.)

Correction: Use 这杯咖啡很浓 (This coffee is very strong/concentrated).

To truly master 结实, you need to know how it stacks up against its synonyms. Chinese has many words for 'strong' or 'firm,' and choosing the right one depends on the context and the level of formality.

结实 vs. 坚固 (jiāngù)
坚固 is more formal and focuses on 'impenetrability' or 'immovability.' You use it for dams, defensive walls, or the foundation of a skyscraper. 结实 is more common for household items and people's health.
结实 vs. 牢固 (láogù)
牢固 emphasizes 'firmness' and 'stability.' It is often used for abstract foundations (like knowledge) or things that are fastened tightly (like a screw). You might say your friendship is 牢固, but you wouldn't say it is 结实.
结实 vs. 强壮 (qiángzhuàng)
强壮 is specifically for people or animals and emphasizes power and muscularity. While a 结实 person is solid and healthy, a 强壮 person is visibly powerful and strong.

他的基础知识打得很牢固。

Translation: His foundational knowledge is very solid (firmly established).

When you want to describe something as 'durable' over time, you might also use 耐用 (nàiyòng). For example, a 结实的锅 (sturdy pot) is likely very 耐用 (durable). However, 耐用 specifically focuses on the length of time it lasts, while 结实 focuses on its current physical integrity and strength. In summary, use 结实 for everyday physical things and robust health.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

Because a well-formed fruit is dense and solid, the word evolved to describe anything physically sturdy or well-built in everyday objects.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /tɕje.ʂɨ/
US /tɕje.ʂɪ/
Primary stress on the first syllable 'jiē'.
Rima com
鞋底 (xiédǐ) 阶梯 (jiētī) 这些 (zhèxiē) 那些 (nàxiē) 铁蹄 (tiětí) 写意 (xiěyì) 解题 (jiětí) 野地 (yědì)
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing 'shi' with a full second tone in the context of sturdiness.
  • Mispronouncing 'jie' as 'jue'.
  • Over-emphasizing the neutral tone so it disappears.
  • Using the fourth tone for 'shi' (shì).
  • Confusing the tones with 'jiěshì' (解释 - to explain).

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Characters are relatively common but need to distinguish from 'explain' (解释).

Escrita 3/5

Writing '结' and '实' requires attention to stroke order.

Expressão oral 2/5

The neutral tone on 'shi' is the main challenge.

Audição 2/5

Easily recognized in context of shopping or health.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

很 身体 桌子 买 不

Aprenda a seguir

坚固 牢固 耐用 材料 肌肉

Avançado

稳固 坚韧 强悍 硬朗 扎实
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Exemplos por nível

1

这个书包很结实。

This schoolbag is very sturdy.

Simple Subject + Adverb + Adjective structure.

2

那张桌子不结实。

That table is not sturdy.

Negative form using '不'.

3

我们要买结实的椅子。

We want to buy sturdy chairs.

Used as an attributive modifier with '的'.

4

这个盒子结实吗？

Is this box sturdy?

Simple question with '吗'.

5

我的鞋很结实。

My shoes are very sturdy.

Describing personal belongings.

6

小狗的身体很结实。

The puppy's body is very robust.

Describing an animal's physical state.

7

这根绳子很结实。

This rope is very strong.

Describing a material's strength.

8

他长得很结实。

He is built sturdily.

Using '长得' to describe appearance.

1

这种塑料袋不结实，容易坏。

This kind of plastic bag isn't sturdy; it breaks easily.

Linking two clauses to explain a result.

2

你穿这双结实的靴子去爬山吧。

Wear these sturdy boots to go mountain climbing.

Imperative sentence with a modifier.

3

我想找一个结实一点儿的箱子。

I want to find a slightly sturdier box.

Using '一点儿' for comparison/preference.

4

这件衣服的布料很结实。

The fabric of this clothing is very durable.

Possessive structure with '的'.

5

这个玩具很结实，孩子玩不坏。

This toy is very sturdy; the child can't break it.

Describing durability for children's items.

6

虽然他很瘦，但是身体很结实。

Although he is thin, his body is very robust.

Concessive '虽然...但是' structure.

7

这把雨伞的架子很结实。

The frame of this umbrella is very sturdy.

Focusing on a specific part of an object.

8

你需要一个结实的梯子。

You need a sturdy ladder.

Expressing a requirement.

1

这辆自行车的架子是用结实的钢材做的。

The frame of this bicycle is made of sturdy steel.

Using '是用...做的' (is made of).

2

搬家的时候，一定要把箱子封结实。

When moving house, you must seal the boxes sturdily/securely.

Using '把' construction with a complement.

3

他长得结结实实的，一看就是个运动员。

He is built very sturdily; you can tell he's an athlete at a glance.

Reduplicated adjective AABB for emphasis.

4

这种材料既结实又轻，非常适合做背包。

This material is both sturdy and light, making it very suitable for backpacks.

Using '既...又...' to list two qualities.

5

为了安全，请把安全带系结实。

For safety, please fasten your seatbelt securely.

Context of safety and security.

6

这堵墙虽然旧，但依然很结实。

Although this wall is old, it is still very sturdy.

Contrasting age with physical integrity.

7

他的基础知识打得非常结实。

He has built a very solid foundation of basic knowledge.

Metaphorical use for foundations.

8

这种鞋底非常结实，耐磨。

This sole is very sturdy and wear-resistant.

Technical description of a product.

1

我们要找一个结实耐用的包装方案。

We need to find a sturdy and durable packaging solution.

Compound adjective '结实耐用'.

2

他那结实的肩膀扛起了家庭的重担。

His sturdy shoulders carried the heavy burden of the family.

Metaphorical use in a literary context.

3

这些老家具都是实木做的，特别结实。

This old furniture is all made of solid wood, so it's especially sturdy.

Explaining the cause of sturdiness.

4

把绳子头儿扎结实，千万别松了。

Tie the end of the rope sturdily; whatever you do, don't let it loosen.

Imperative with emphatic '千万别'.

5

他的身体素质一向很结实，这次感冒很快就好了。

His physical constitution has always been robust, so he recovered from this cold quickly.

Linking physical state to health outcomes.

6

这种新型合金比传统的钢铁更结实。

This new alloy is sturdier than traditional steel.

Scientific comparison.

7

桥墩必须建得足够结实，才能承受洪水的冲击。

The bridge piers must be built sturdily enough to withstand the impact of floods.

Using '足够...才能' (enough... to).

8

那孩子虽然个子不高，但长得挺结实的。

Although that child isn't tall, he's built quite sturdily.

Nuanced description of a child's build.

1

这篇论文的论据还不够结实，需要进一步完善。

The arguments in this thesis are not yet 'sturdy' (solid) enough and need further refinement.

Abstract use in academic critique.

2

他那副结实的身架，透着一股不服输的劲头。

His sturdy frame exuded a spirit of never giving up.

Literary description of character through physique.

3

这种老式的锁头虽然笨重，但确实结实可靠。

This old-fashioned lock, though heavy, is indeed sturdy and reliable.

Register of reliability and tradition.

4

在那个艰苦的年代，人们的意志磨练得比钢铁还结实。

In those difficult times, people's will was tempered to be 'sturdier' than steel.

Highly metaphorical use for 'will' or 'spirit'.

5

他用结实的方言回答了我的问题。

He answered my question in a 'sturdy' (thick/authentic) dialect.

Uncommon, stylistic use describing the 'thickness' of speech.

6

我们要确保每一个连接点都焊得结结实实。

We must ensure that every connection point is welded 'sturdily-sturdily' (completely and firmly).

Technical context using reduplication for absolute certainty.

7

这种布料经过特殊处理，结实程度大大提高。

This fabric has undergone special treatment, and its degree of sturdiness has been greatly improved.

Using '结实程度' as a noun phrase.

8

他的成功建立在结实的专业知识基础之上。

His success is built upon a 'sturdy' (solid) foundation of professional knowledge.

Formal metaphorical usage.

1

这种建筑风格追求的是一种厚重而结实的美感。

This architectural style pursues a sense of heavy and sturdy aesthetic.

Aesthetic and philosophical discussion.

2

他那双结实的大手，布满了厚厚的老茧。

Those sturdy large hands of his were covered in thick calluses.

Evocative literary imagery.

3

所谓‘结实’，不仅是外表的坚硬，更是内在的紧密。

The so-called 'sturdiness' is not just external hardness, but internal tightness.

Philosophical definition.

4

这里的庄稼结实得很好，看来今年又是个丰收年。

The crops here are bearing fruit (jiē shí) very well; it looks like another harvest year.

Using the botanical meaning 'jiē shí' correctly in context.

5

老厂长那结实的管理作风，让工厂度过了难关。

The old factory director's 'sturdy' (firm and solid) management style helped the factory through tough times.

Metaphorical use for abstract concepts like 'style'.

6

这捆木柴扎得不结实，走半路可能会散掉。

This bundle of firewood isn't tied sturdily; it might fall apart halfway.

Practical warning using state complement.

7

在风雨中，那棵结实的老松树依然屹立不倒。

In the wind and rain, that sturdy old pine tree still stands tall.

Personification and resilience.

8

他说话办事都很结实，从不掉链子。

He is very 'sturdy' (reliable/solid) in his speech and actions; he never lets you down.

Idiomatic use for reliability.

Colocações comuns

身体结实
结实的绳子
长得结实
结实的家具
捆结实
结实的底子
结实耐用
不结实
特别结实
结结实实

Frases Comuns

结实得很

— Very sturdy indeed (colloquial emphasis).

别看这椅子旧，结实得很！

身体结实

— To have a robust constitution.

他每天锻炼，身体结实。

长得结实

— To grow up strong and healthy (physique).

这小伙子长得挺结实。

结实耐用

— Sturdy and durable (standard marketing phrase).

我们的产品结实耐用。

捆得结实

— Tied securely.

包裹捆得结实，不会散。

地基结实

— The foundation is solid.

地基结实，房子才稳。

布料结实

— The fabric is tough.

这种布料很结实，穿不破。

结实的小伙子

— A sturdy young man.

他是个结实的小伙子。

扎结实

— To fasten or tie sturdily.

把马扎结实在树上。

不够结实

— Not sturdy enough.

这个支架不够结实。

Expressões idiomáticas

"结结实实"

— Very solid/firm; used to describe a collision or a build.

两人撞了个结结实实。

Colloquial
"稳扎稳打"

— Go steady and strike hard (related to being solid/sturdy in progress).

我们应该稳扎稳打。

Formal
"坚如磐石"

— Solid as a rock (more formal than 结实).

我们的友谊坚如磐石。

Literary
"身强力壮"

— Strong and healthy (describes a person).

他身强力壮，干活很快。

Neutral
"铜墙铁壁"

— Wall of bronze and iron (impenetrable).

防线像铜墙铁壁一样。

Idiomatic
"根深蒂固"

— Deep-rooted and firm (usually for ideas).

这种观念根深蒂固。

Formal
"坚不可摧"

— Indestructible.

堡垒坚不可摧。

Formal
"安如泰山"

— As secure as Mount Tai.

局势安如泰山。

Literary
"稳如泰山"

— As steady as Mount Tai.

他坐得稳如泰山。

Literary
"固若金汤"

— Strongly fortified (like metal walls and boiling water).

城池固若金汤。

Literary

Família de palavras

Substantivos

结果 (jiéguǒ - result)
实体 (shítǐ - entity)
果实 (guǒshí - fruit)

Verbos

结合 (jiéhé - to combine)
实现 (shíxiàn - to realize)
结账 (jiézhàng - to settle the bill)

Adjetivos

诚实 (chéngshí - honest)
实惠 (shíhuì - substantial/affordable)
结实 (jiēshi - sturdy)

Relacionado

牢固
坚固
强壮
耐用
紧凑
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Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of '结' (jié) as a knot and '实' (shi) as solid. A knot tied so tight it becomes a solid, unbreakable object is '结实'.

Associação visual

Imagine a thick, tightly knotted rope holding up a heavy weight. That rope is 结实.

Word Web

Furniture Muscle Bags Rope Health Boxes Durability Reliability

Desafio

Go around your room and touch five things. Say '这个[object]很结实' or '这个[object]不结实' for each one.

Origem da palavra

The character 结 (jié) depicts silk threads being tied together, signifying a knot or a bond. The character 实 (shí) depicts a string of cowries (ancient currency) inside a house, signifying wealth, fullness, or fruit.

Significado original: The compound originally referred to plants bearing fruit (jiē shí), where the 'fruit' is the 'solid' result of the growth.

Sino-Tibetan

Contexto cultural

Calling a woman '结实' might be taken as a comment on her size rather than health in some modern contexts; use '苗条' or '健美' for fitness instead.

English speakers often use 'strong' for everything. Remember to use '结实' for physical objects and '强壮' for muscles.

The concept of '结实' in traditional Chinese carpentry (榫卯结构). Mao-era posters praising '结实' workers. Modern IKEA marketing in China emphasizing '结实'.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Furniture Shopping

  • 这个椅子结实吗？
  • 我想买结实的家具。
  • 实木的更结实。
  • 这桌子不太结实。

Moving House

  • 纸箱要结实的。
  • 把胶带封结实。
  • 别装太重，不结实。
  • 这绳子结实吗？

Fitness/Health

  • 他长得真结实。
  • 身体比以前结实了。
  • 练出一身结实的肌肉。
  • 孩子身体很结实。

Outdoor Activities

  • 穿双结实的鞋。
  • 这个帐篷很结实。
  • 背包一定要结实。
  • 找根结实的棍子。

Clothing/Fabrics

  • 这布料挺结实。
  • 不容易破，很结实。
  • 牛仔裤很结实。
  • 结实的衣服。
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