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مُرْهَق

B2 adjective 5分钟阅读

مُرْهَق

murhaq

开始练习例句笔记与提示 مُرْهَق 30秒了解

解析 مُرْهَق in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn the word 'ta'ban' (تَعْبَان) to say 'I am tired.' The word 'murhaq' (مُرْهَق) is a bit more advanced. It means 'very, very tired.' Imagine you played football for three hours and then walked home. You wouldn't just be 'ta'ban,' you would be 'murhaq.' To use it, simply say 'Ana murhaq' (I am exhausted) if you are a boy, or 'Ana murhaqa' (أنا مُرْهَقَة) if you are a girl. It is a good word to show your teacher that you know more than just the basic words. You can use it when you want to tell your friends that you need to sleep immediately because you have no energy left. It's like the difference between saying 'I'm tired' and 'I'm dead tired' or 'I'm wiped out.' Even at A1, knowing this word helps you understand more formal Arabic on TV or in stories. Just remember the 'a' sound at the end for girls and the 'un' sound for boys in formal speech.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to describe your feelings and daily routines in more detail. 'Murhaq' is a useful adjective for describing how you feel after a long day at school or work. You should practice using it with the verb 'kana' (was). For example, 'Kuntu murhaqan' (I was exhausted). Notice how the word changes slightly to 'murhaqan' when it comes after 'kuntu.' You can also start pairing it with reasons using 'bisabab' (because of). 'I am exhausted because of the exam' would be 'Ana murhaq bisabab al-imtihan.' This level is about building small blocks of sentences. You might also see this word in simple news headlines about people working hard. It is important to distinguish it from 'ta'ban' because 'murhaq' sounds more serious. If you tell your boss you are 'murhaq,' they will understand that you really need a break, not just a five-minute rest. It's a key word for expressing physical limits.

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By B1, you should be comfortable with the grammar of 'murhaq.' This is the passive participle of a Form IV verb. Understanding this helps you see how Arabic words are built. The root is R-H-Q, which relates to being burdened. When you use 'murhaq,' you are saying that life or work has 'burdened' you. At this level, you can use it to describe not just yourself, but also others and even abstract things like 'a tired economy' or 'an exhausted mind.' You should also be able to distinguish it from the active participle 'murhiq' (exhausting). If you say 'The trip was murhiq,' you use the 'i' sound. If you say 'I am murhaq because of the trip,' you use the 'a' sound. This distinction is vital for B1 learners to avoid confusing the cause and the effect. You can also start using adverbs like 'jiddan' (very) or 'tamaman' (completely) to modify it, such as 'murhaq tamaman' (completely exhausted).

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At the B2 level, 'murhaq' is a standard part of your vocabulary. You use it to provide nuance in your descriptions. Instead of just saying you are tired, you can explain the nature of your exhaustion. Is it 'murhaq dhihniyan' (mentally exhausted) or 'murhaq jasadiyan' (physically exhausted)? You should be able to use it in complex sentences with relative clauses. For example, 'The workers, who were exhausted from the heat, decided to stop.' (العُمَّالُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مُرْهَقِينَ مِنَ الحَرِّ قَرَّرُوا التَّوَقُّفَ). You also begin to recognize its use in professional and academic texts. In a B2 discussion about work-life balance, 'murhaq' is the appropriate term to describe burnout. You should also be familiar with the noun form 'irhaq' (exhaustion/fatigue). Understanding the relationship between the noun and the adjective allows you to vary your sentence structures, making your Arabic sound more natural and sophisticated. This is the level where you move from simple communication to expressive language.

At the C1 level, you explore the literary and stylistic uses of 'murhaq.' You might find it in classical-style modern poetry or high-level political analysis. It can be used metaphorically to describe a nation, a political system, or a piece of land that has been 'exhausted' by over-farming or conflict. You should understand the subtle differences between 'murhaq' and its synonyms like 'munhak' or 'makdud.' A C1 learner knows that 'munhak' implies a more total collapse of energy, while 'murhaq' focuses on the burden that caused the state. You can analyze texts where the author uses 'murhaq' to create a specific mood of weariness or despair. Your usage should be precise, reflecting the exact degree of fatigue. You might also use it in the context of 'al-irhaq al-fikri' (intellectual exhaustion) in academic papers. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for precise emotional and situational shading in your writing and speaking.

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For a C2 learner, 'murhaq' is understood within the entire history of the R-H-Q root. You are aware of how the meaning has evolved and how it is used in the Quran and classical literature to mean 'oppressed' or 'overburdened' (e.g., 'sa-urhiquhu sa'uda' - I will burden him with a difficult ascent). You can engage in philological discussions about why Form IV is used here versus other forms. You use 'murhaq' with perfect native-like intuition, knowing exactly when it adds the right weight to a sentence. You can use it in highly formal speeches, legal contexts (regarding 'exhausting' all legal options), or philosophical treatises on the human condition. You also recognize the word's appearance in various dialects, even if its form changes slightly, and you can switch between formal 'murhaq' and dialectal equivalents without effort. At C2, you are not just using the word; you are playing with its connotations and history to achieve maximum impact in your communication.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

مُرْهَق 30秒了解

Murhaq is a high-intensity Arabic adjective meaning 'exhausted' or 'extremely tired.'
It is more formal than 'ta'ban' and implies being burdened by heavy work or stress.
The word must agree in gender (murhaqa for females) and number (murhaqun for plural).
Commonly used in professional, medical, and literary contexts to describe total depletion of energy.

The Arabic word مُرْهَق (murhaq) is a sophisticated adjective that translates most accurately to 'exhausted' or 'extremely fatigued' in English. It is derived from the Form IV verb أَرْهَقَ (arhaqa), which means 'to burden,' 'to oppress,' or 'to fatigue someone.' Consequently, being مُرْهَق implies that a person has been subjected to a heavy burden, whether physical, mental, or emotional, to the point of total depletion. In the CEFR B2 level context, this word is essential for learners who wish to move beyond the basic A1/A2 word تَعْبَان (ta'ban), which simply means 'tired.' While you might be تَعْبَان after a short walk, you are مُرْهَق after a twelve-hour shift at a high-pressure job or a marathon.

Semantic Nuance: The term implies a state of being 'overwhelmed' by effort. It suggests that the energy reserves are not just low, but entirely spent.

بَدَا الطَّبِيبُ مُرْهَقًا جِدًّا بَعْدَ نَوْبَةِ عَمَلٍ اسْتَمَرَّتْ لَيْلَةً كَامِلَةً.

Morphological Origin: It is the passive participle (Ism al-Maf'ul) of the root R-H-Q. This grammatical structure indicates that the exhaustion was 'caused' by external factors.

عَيْنَاهُ مُرْهَقَتَانِ مِنَ القِرَاءَةِ الطَّوِيلَةِ.

Contextual Usage: It is frequently used in literature, journalism, and formal speech to describe the state of the workforce, students during exam seasons, or athletes after a competition.

الأُمُّ كَانَتْ مُرْهَقَةً بِسَبَبِ سَهَرِ طِفْلِهَا.

نَحْنُ مُرْهَقُونَ ذِهْنِيًّا بَعْدَ هَذَا الِاجْتِمَاعِ.

لَا تَتَّخِذْ قَرَارَاتٍ وَأَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ.

In conclusion, مُرْهَق is the go-to word for expressing a high degree of tiredness that suggests a depletion of resources. Whether you are describing a tired face, a tired mind, or a tired body, this word provides the necessary intensity to your Arabic expression.

Using مُرْهَق effectively requires understanding its grammatical placement and its intensity. Because it is a passive participle, it functions as an adjective. It can follow the noun it describes (attributive) or come after a verb like 'to be' (predicative). In Modern Standard Arabic, the verb 'to be' in the present tense is implied, so 'I am exhausted' is simply 'أنا مُرْهَق' (Ana murhaq).

Grammatical Agreement: Adjectives in Arabic agree in gender, number, and definiteness. If the noun is 'the tired men,' you say 'الرِّجَالُ المُرْهَقُونَ'.

عَادَ العُمَّالُ مُرْهَقِينَ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ.

Mental vs Physical Fatigue: You can specify the type of exhaustion by adding an adverb or a prepositional phrase. For example, مُرْهَقٌ نَفْسِيًّا (mentally exhausted) or مُرْهَقٌ بَدَنِيًّا (physically exhausted).

كُنْتُ مُرْهَقًا لِدَرَجَةِ أَنَّنِي نِمْتُ فِي الحَافِلَةِ.

Passive vs Active: Do not confuse مُرْهَق (murhaq - exhausted) with مُرْهِق (murhiq - exhausting). The first describes the person, the second describes the task.

هَذَا السَّفَرُ كَانَ مُرْهِقًا، لِذَلِكَ أَنَا الآنَ مُرْهَقٌ.

لِمَاذَا تَبْدُو مُرْهَقًا هَكَذَا؟ هَلْ نِمْتَ جَيِّدًا؟

الفَرِيقُ مُرْهَقٌ بَعْدَ المِيلاَدِ.

When constructing sentences, remember that 'murhaq' describes a temporary state (like 'exhausted' in English), even though Arabic doesn't have a distinct 'ser/estar' distinction like Spanish. It is about how you feel right now due to recent exertion.

You will encounter مُرْهَق (murhaq) in various high-register and everyday contexts. In news broadcasts, anchors might use it to describe the state of rescue workers after a disaster or refugees after a long journey. In a professional environment, a colleague might use it to explain why they cannot take on more tasks.

News and Media: Used to describe humanitarian crises or the state of public servants. 'The medical staff is exhausted (murhaq) due to the pandemic.'

نَقَلَتِ الصُّحُفُ صُوَرًا لِجُنُودٍ مُرْهَقِينَ عَلَى الجَبْهَةِ.

Literature and Poetry: Modern Arabic novels use this word to describe the existential fatigue of characters living in fast-paced urban environments.

كَانَ صَوْتُهُ مُرْهَقًا عَبْرَ الهَاتِفِ.

Medical Contexts: Doctors use it to describe patients suffering from chronic fatigue or burnout (الإِرْهَاق الوَظِيفِي).

يُعَانِي الطُّلاَّبُ مِنَ التَّفْكِيرِ المُرْهَقِ قَبْلَ الِامْتِحَانَاتِ.

تَبْدُو المَدِينَةُ مُرْهَقَةً فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ.

لاَ تَقُدِ السَّيَّارَةَ وَأَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ ذِهْنِيًّا.

Hearing this word usually signals a serious level of tiredness that requires rest, distinguishing it from the casual tiredness mentioned in small talk.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Arabic is confusing the active and passive participles of the Form IV root R-H-Q. In Arabic, the vowel on the second-to-last letter changes the meaning entirely. مُرْهَق (murhaq) with a 'fatha' (a-sound) means 'exhausted' (the one who received the exhaustion). مُرْهِق (murhiq) with a 'kasra' (i-sound) means 'exhausting' (the thing that causes exhaustion).

Active vs Passive: Saying 'Ana murhiq' (أنا مُرْهِق) actually means 'I am exhausting/tiring' (as in, I am annoying or a burden to others), which is likely not what you intended!

خَطَأ: هَذَا العَمَلُ مُرْهَقٌ. (Wrong: This work is exhausted.)

صَحّ: هَذَا العَمَلُ مُرْهِقٌ. (Correct: This work is exhausting.)

Agreement Errors: Another common mistake is forgetting the feminine 'ta marbuta' when a woman is speaking. A woman must say 'أنا مُرْهَقَة' (Ana murhaqa).

خَطَأ: سَارَة مُرْهَق. (Wrong: Sarah is [masculine] exhausted.)

Overuse of Ta'ban: While not a 'mistake' per se, relying only on 'ta'ban' limits your expressiveness. 'Murhaq' shows a higher level of Arabic proficiency and precision.

تَجَنَّبْ خَلْطَ المُرْهَقِ مَعَ المَرِيضِ؛ فَالإِرْهَاقُ لَيْسَ دَائِمًا مَرَضًا.

لَا تَقُلْ 'أَنَا مُرْهَق' إِذَا كُنْتَ فَقَطْ تَشْعُرُ بِقَلِيلٍ مِنَ التَّعَبِ.

Mastering the distinction between active/passive and ensuring gender agreement will make your use of this word flawless.

Arabic is a language rich in synonyms, each with its own specific shade of meaning. While مُرْهَق is 'exhausted,' you might choose other words depending on the context.

مُتْعَب (Mut'ab): This is the passive participle of 'to tire.' It is very similar to 'murhaq' but slightly less intense. It is the formal version of 'ta'ban.'

مُنْهَك (Munhak): This is even stronger than 'murhaq.' It implies being completely 'worn out' or 'depleted.' If 'murhaq' is 90% tired, 'munhak' is 100%.

بَعْدَ السِّبَاقِ، كَانَ العَدَّاءُ مُنْهَكًا تَمَامًا.

مَكْدُود (Makdud): This word specifically refers to exhaustion from hard manual labor or toil. It has a connotation of being 'overworked.'

يَبْدُو أَنَّكَ مُتْعَبٌ قَلِيلاً، لَكِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مُرْهَقًا.

الرُّوحُ مُرْهَقَةٌ مِنَ المَشَاكِلِ.

كَلِمَةُ 'تَعْبَان' شَائِعَةٌ فِي الشَّارِعِ، أَمَّا مُرْهَق فَفِي الكُتُبِ.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the exact word that fits your level of fatigue and the formality of the situation.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root R-H-Q is used in the Quran to describe the 'covering' of faces with dust or darkness, showing how exhaustion is seen as something that 'covers' a person's vitality.

发音指南

UK /mʊr.haq/

US /mʊr.hɑːk/

Stress is on the first syllable 'Mur'.

押韵词

Mutlaq (Absolute) Mushriq (Radiant) Muzriq (Turning blue) Muhaq (Crushed) Muzhaq (Vanished) Mufraq (Separate) Mu'laq (Suspended) Mughlaq (Closed)

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'q' like a 'k'.
Forgetting to roll the 'r'.
Pronouncing the 'h' too weakly.
Confusing the vowels 'u' and 'a'.
Missing the 'ta marbuta' in the feminine form.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize once you know the mu- prefix.

写作 4/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'qaf' and 'ha'.

口语 5/5

The 'qaf' sound can be challenging for beginners.

听力 4/5

Can be confused with 'murhiq' if not listening carefully.

接下来学什么

前置知识

تَعْبَان عَمَل نَوْم جِدًّا أنا

接下来学习

مُنْهَك إِرْهَاق مُرْهِق رَاحَة نَشَاط

高级

اسْتِنْزَاف إِعْيَاء مَكْدُود مُعْيٍ لُغُوب

需要掌握的语法

Passive Participle (Ism al-Maf'ul) of Form IV

Arhaqa -> Murhaq (Burdened/Exhausted)

Adjective-Noun Agreement in Gender

Rajul murhaq / Imra'a murhaqa

Adjective-Noun Agreement in Number

Rijal murhaqun / Nisa' murhaqat

The Use of 'Kana' with Adjectives in the Accusative

Kuntu murhaqan (I was exhausted)

Waw al-Hal (The Waw of State)

Ma'itu wa ana murhaq (I walked while I was exhausted)

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按水平分级的例句

أنا مُرْهَقٌ جِدًّا اليَوْمَ.

I am very exhausted today.

Masculine singular.

هِيَ مُرْهَقَةٌ بَعْدَ المَدْرَسَةِ.

She is exhausted after school.

Feminine singular with 'ta marbuta'.

هَلْ أَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ؟

Are you (m) exhausted?

Question form for masculine.

نَحْنُ مُرْهَقُونَ الآنَ.

We are exhausted now.

Masculine plural.

أَبِي مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ العَمَلِ.

My father is exhausted from work.

Subject-adjective agreement.

الطَّالِبُ مُرْهَقٌ بَسَبَبِ الدَّرْسِ.

The student is exhausted because of the lesson.

Using 'bisabab' (because of).

أَنَا لَسْتُ مُرْهَقًا.

I am not exhausted.

Negation with 'lastu'.

لِمَاذَا أَنْتِ مُرْهَقَةٌ؟

Why are you (f) exhausted?

Question form for feminine.

كَانَ المُعَلِّمُ مُرْهَقًا فِي نِهَايَةِ الحِصَّةِ.

The teacher was exhausted at the end of the class.

Past tense with 'kana'.

عَادَتْ أُمِّي مُرْهَقَةً مِنَ السُّوقِ.

My mother returned exhausted from the market.

Adverbial state (Hal).

الأَطْفَالُ مُرْهَقُونَ بَعْدَ اللَّعِبِ.

The children are exhausted after playing.

Plural agreement.

تَبْدُو مُرْهَقًا، يَجِبُ أَنْ تَنَامَ.

You look exhausted, you must sleep.

Using 'tabdu' (you look).

لَمْ أَكُنْ مُرْهَقًا أَمْسِ.

I was not exhausted yesterday.

Negative past tense.

العُمَّالُ مُرْهَقُونَ بِسَبَبِ الحَرِّ.

The workers are exhausted because of the heat.

Plural masculine.

هَذِهِ القِطَّةُ تَبْدُو مُرْهَقَةً.

This cat looks exhausted.

Feminine agreement for animals.

كُنَّا مُرْهَقِينَ بَعْدَ الرِّحْلَةِ الطَّوِيلَةِ.

We were exhausted after the long trip.

Plural past tense.

أَشْعُرُ أَنَّنِي مُرْهَقٌ ذِهْنِيًّا بَعْدَ الِامْتِحَانِ.

I feel that I am mentally exhausted after the exam.

Using adverbs like 'dhihniyan'.

لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ العَمَلَ وَأَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ هَكَذَا.

You cannot work while you are exhausted like this.

Circumstantial 'waw' (waw al-hal).

الرِّحْلَةُ كَانَتْ مُرْهِقَةً، لِذَلِكَ نَحْنُ مُرْهَقُونَ.

The trip was exhausting, therefore we are exhausted.

Distinction between active and passive participle.

بَدَا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مُرْهَقٌ جِدًّا.

It appeared on him that he was very exhausted.

Impersonal construction.

تَرْكُ العَمَلِ لِأَنَّكَ مُرْهَقٌ أَمْرٌ طَبِيعِيٌّ.

Leaving work because you are exhausted is a natural thing.

Gerund subject.

هَلْ كُنْتِ مُرْهَقَةً عِنْدَمَا وَصَلْتِ؟

Were you (f) exhausted when you arrived?

Feminine second person past.

يُعَانِي بَعْضُ النَّاسِ مِنَ التَّفْكِيرِ المُرْهَقِ.

Some people suffer from exhausting thinking.

Adjective modifying a noun.

أَصْبَحَ الجَمِيعُ مُرْهَقِينَ فِي نِهَايَةِ المَشْرُوعِ.

Everyone became exhausted at the end of the project.

Using 'asbaha' (became).

يَبْدُو أَنَّ العَالَمَ مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ الصِّرَاعَاتِ الدَّائِمَةِ.

It seems that the world is exhausted from constant conflicts.

Metaphorical usage.

تَجَنَّبِ القِيَادَةَ إِذَا كُنْتَ مُرْهَقًا لِتَفَادِي الحَوَادِثِ.

Avoid driving if you are exhausted to avoid accidents.

Conditional sentence.

كَانَتْ مَلاَمِحُ وَجْهِهِ مُرْهَقَةً وَتَحْكِي قِصَّةَ كِفَاحِهِ.

His facial features were exhausted and told the story of his struggle.

Descriptive narrative style.

المُوَظَّفُ المُرْهَقُ لاَ يُنْتِجُ بِشَكْلٍ جَيِّدٍ.

The exhausted employee does not produce well.

Attributive adjective.

رَغْمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مُرْهَقًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَكْمَلَ السِّبَاقَ.

Despite being exhausted, he finished the race.

Concessive clause (raghma anna).

تُشِيرُ الدِّرَاسَاتُ إِلَى أَنَّ الجِيلَ الحَالِيَّ مُرْهَقٌ نَفْسِيًّا.

Studies indicate that the current generation is psychologically exhausted.

Academic context.

لاَ تَلُمْنِي، فَأَنَا مُرْهَقٌ وَلاَ أَسْتَطِيعُ التَّرْكِيزَ.

Do not blame me, for I am exhausted and cannot focus.

Causal 'fa'.

كُلَّمَا زَادَ العَمَلُ، أَصْبَحْنَا أَكْثَرَ إِرْهَاقًا.

The more the work increased, the more exhausted we became.

Comparative structure.

تَبَدَّتْ عَلَى مُحَيَّاهُ آثَارُ نَفْسٍ مُرْهَقَةٍ تَبْحَثُ عَنِ السَّكِينَةِ.

On his face appeared the traces of an exhausted soul searching for tranquility.

High literary register.

إِنَّ المَنْظُومَةَ الصِّحِّيَّةَ بَاتَتْ مُرْهَقَةً بِفِعْلِ الأَزَمَاتِ المُتَتَالِيَةِ.

The health system has become exhausted due to successive crises.

Institutional usage.

لَيْسَ مِنَ الحِكْمَةِ مُخَاطَبَةُ جُمْهُورٍ مُرْهَقٍ بِشِعَارَاتٍ رَنَّانَةٍ.

It is not wise to address an exhausted audience with hollow slogans.

Political analysis.

كَانَتِ الأَرْضُ مُرْهَقَةً مِنَ الزِّرَاعَةِ الجَائِرَةِ.

The land was exhausted from unfair farming practices.

Ecological metaphor.

يَجِبُ التَّمْيِيزُ بَيْنَ التَّعَبِ العَابِرِ وَالإِرْهَاقِ المُزْمِنِ.

One must distinguish between passing tiredness and chronic exhaustion.

Technical distinction.

مُرْهَقٌ أَنَا مِنَ التَّفَاصِيلِ الصَّغِيرَةِ الَّتِي لاَ تَنْتَهِي.

Exhausted am I by the small details that never end.

Inverted sentence for emphasis.

صَوْتُهَا المُرْهَقُ كَانَ يَحْمِلُ نَبْرَةً مِنَ اليَأْسِ.

Her exhausted voice carried a tone of despair.

Abstract modification.

لاَ تَدَعِ الإِرْهَاقَ يُسَيْطِرُ عَلَى قَرَارَاتِكَ المَصِيرِيَّةِ.

Do not let exhaustion control your fateful decisions.

Imperative with noun form.

إِنَّ الِاسْتِنْزَافَ المُسْتَمِرَّ لِلمَوَارِدِ جَعَلَ الدَّوْلَةَ كِيَانًا مُرْهَقًا اقْتِصَادِيًّا.

The continuous depletion of resources has made the state an economically exhausted entity.

Macro-economic context.

يُعِيدُ الكَاتِبُ صِيَاغَةَ مَفْهُومِ 'الإِنْسَانِ المُرْهَقِ' فِي عَصْرِ الحَدَاثَةِ السَّائِلَةِ.

The author reformulates the concept of the 'exhausted human' in the age of liquid modernity.

Sociological discourse.

تَجَلَّتْ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ خَيْبَةُ أَمَلٍ لِأُمَّةٍ مُرْهَقَةٍ مِنَ الوُعُودِ الزَّائِفَةِ.

In his eyes appeared the disappointment of a nation exhausted by false promises.

Rhetorical depth.

أَفْضَى الصِّرَاعُ إِلَى جَيْشٍ مُرْهَقٍ يَقِفُ عَلَى شَفَا الِانْهِيَارِ.

The conflict led to an exhausted army standing on the brink of collapse.

Military history context.

تُرْهِقُ النُّصُوصُ القَانُونِيَّةُ المُعَقَّدَةُ كَاهِلَ القَاضِي المُرْهَقِ أَصْلاً.

Complex legal texts burden the shoulders of the already exhausted judge.

Wordplay with verb and adjective.

هَذِهِ الرُّؤْيَةُ الفَلْسَفِيَّةُ تَنْبَعُ مِنْ عَقْلٍ مُرْهَقٍ بِالتَّسَاؤُلاَتِ الوُجُودِيَّةِ.

This philosophical vision stems from a mind exhausted by existential questions.

Intellectual register.

تَبْدُو البِنْيَةُ التَّحْتِيَّةُ مُرْهَقَةً وَغَيْرَ قَادِرَةٍ عَلَى اسْتِيعَابِ الزِّيَادَةِ السُّكَّانِيَّةِ.

The infrastructure appears exhausted and unable to accommodate the population increase.

Urban planning context.

مِنْ رَحِمِ المُعَانَاةِ وَالأَجْسَادِ المُرْهَقَةِ تُولَدُ أَعْظَمُ المَلاَحِمِ.

From the womb of suffering and exhausted bodies, the greatest epics are born.

Epic/Literary style.

近义词

متعب مجهد منهك كليل

反义词

مسترخٍ نشيط مرتاح

常见搭配

مُرْهَقٌ ذِهْنِيًّا

مُرْهَقٌ جَسَدِيًّا

مُرْهَقٌ نَفْسِيًّا

تَبْدُو مُرْهَقًا

صَوْتٌ مُرْهَقٌ

وَجْهٌ مُرْهَقٌ

مُرْهَقٌ تَمَامًا

مُرْهَقٌ لِلغَايَةِ

عَيْنَانِ مُرْهَقَتَانِ

مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ التَّفْكِيرِ

常用短语

أنا مُرْهَقٌ حَتَّى العَظْمِ

— I am exhausted to the bone. Used for extreme physical fatigue.

بَعْدَ يَوْمِ العَمَلِ الشَّاقِّ، أنا مُرْهَقٌ حَتَّى العَظْمِ.

عَقْلٌ مُرْهَقٌ

— A tired mind. Refers to mental burnout or overthinking.

العَقْلُ المُرْهَقُ لاَ يُبْدِعُ.

أَعْصَابٌ مُرْهَقَةٌ

— Frayed nerves. Describes being stressed and on edge.

أَعْصَابِي مُرْهَقَةٌ مِنَ الضَّجِيجِ.

مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ السَّفَرِ

— Travel-weary. Specifically for fatigue after long journeys.

وَصَلَ السُّيَّاحُ وَهُمْ مُرْهَقُونَ مِنَ السَّفَرِ.

مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ

— Exhausted by responsibility. Used when a job or role is too heavy.

المُدِيرُ مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ الكَبِيرَةِ.

مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ الِانْتِظَارِ

— Tired of waiting. Can be physical or metaphorical.

أنا مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ الِانْتِظَارِ الطَّوِيلِ.

بَدَا مُرْهَقًا

— He appeared exhausted. A common narrative opening.

بَدَا مُرْهَقًا عِنْدَمَا دَخَلَ الغُرْفَةَ.

مُرْهَقٌ جِدًّا لِدَرَجَةِ...

— So exhausted that... Used to describe consequences.

أنا مُرْهَقٌ جِدًّا لِدَرَجَةِ أَنَّنِي نَسِيتُ مَفَاتِيحِي.

شُعُورٌ مُرْهَقٌ

— An exhausting feeling. Describes an emotion that drains energy.

الحُزْنُ شُعُورٌ مُرْهَقٌ.

مُرْهَقٌ وَحَزِينٌ

— Exhausted and sad. Often paired in literature to show despair.

عَادَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ مُرْهَقًا وَحَزِينًا.

容易混淆的词

مُرْهَق vs مُرْهِق

This means 'exhausting' (the cause), while murhaq means 'exhausted' (the person).

مُرْهَق vs مُرَاهِق

This means 'teenager'. It sounds similar but has a completely different meaning and root structure.

مُرْهَق vs مُرْفَق

This means 'attached' or 'enclosed' (like an email attachment). One letter difference!

习语与表达

"أَرْهَقَ كَاهِلَهُ"

— To burden someone's shoulders. Used when something is too much to handle.

الدُّيُونُ أَرْهَقَتْ كَاهِلَهُ.

Formal

"نَفَسٌ مُرْهَقٌ"

— A tired breath. Refers to someone struggling or near the end of their strength.

تَحَدَّثَ بِنَفَسٍ مُرْهَقٍ.

Literary

"بَلَغَ مِنْهُ التَّعَبُ مَبْلَغَهُ"

— Tiredness reached its limit in him. A classic way to say someone is murhaq.

بَلَغَ مِنْهُ التَّعَبُ مَبْلَغَهُ فَنَامَ مَكَانَهُ.

Classical

"خَائِرُ القُوَى"

— Losing strength. A synonym for being murhaq in a physical sense.

سَقَطَ الجُنْدِيُّ خَائِرَ القُوَى.

Formal

"مُرْهَقُ الحَوَاسِّ"

— Exhausted senses. Overwhelmed by sensory input.

كَانَ مُرْهَقَ الحَوَاسِّ بَعْدَ الحَفْلَةِ الصَّاخِبَةِ.

Literary

"يَمْشِي عَلَى آخِرِ نَفَسٍ"

— Walking on his last breath. Extremely exhausted.

هُوَ يَمْشِي عَلَى آخِرِ نَفَسٍ بَعْدَ السِّبَاقِ.

Informal

"مُرْهَقٌ حَتَّى الثُّمَالَةِ"

— Exhausted to the dregs (completely).

أنا مُرْهَقٌ حَتَّى الثُّمَالَةِ مِنَ المَشَاكِلِ.

Literary

"أَرْهَقَ عَقْلَهُ"

— To exhaust his mind. To think too much about something.

لاَ تُرْهِقْ عَقْلَكَ بِالتَّفْكِيرِ فِي المَاضِي.

Neutral

"مُرْهَقُ الجَفْنَيْنِ"

— Tired eyelids. Used to describe someone who can barely keep their eyes open.

كَانَ مُرْهَقَ الجَفْنَيْنِ مِنَ القِرَاءَةِ.

Poetic

"يَئِنُّ تَحْتَ وَطْأَةِ الإِرْهَاقِ"

— Moaning under the weight of exhaustion.

العُمَّالُ يَئِنُّونَ تَحْتَ وَطْأَةِ الإِرْهَاقِ.

Formal

容易混淆

مُرْهَق vs مُرْهِق

Only one vowel difference.

Murhiq (with i) is the active participle meaning something that causes tiredness. Murhaq (with a) is the passive participle meaning the person who is tired.

العَمَلُ مُرْهِقٌ وَأَنَا مُرْهَقٌ.

مُرْهَق vs مُرَاهِق

Similar sounds.

Murahiq refers to the stage of adolescence. It comes from the same root but a different verb form (Form III).

هَذَا الوَلَدُ مُرَاهِقٌ نَشِيطٌ.

مُرْهَق vs مُتْعَب

Similar meaning.

Mut'ab is a general term for tired. Murhaq is specifically for being overwhelmed or burdened by a task.

أنا مُتْعَب بَعْدَ المَشْيِ، لَكِنَّنِي مُرْهَقٌ بَعْدَ الِامْتِحَانِ.

مُرْهَق vs مُنْهَك

Similar intensity.

Munhak is even more extreme than murhaq. It implies total depletion where you cannot function anymore.

بَعْدَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ بِلاَ نَوْمٍ، هُوَ مُنْهَكٌ.

مُرْهَق vs مُرْفَق

Visual similarity.

Murfaq has an 'f' instead of an 'h'. It means 'attached'.

المِلَفُّ مُرْفَقٌ مَعَ الرِّسَالَةِ.

句型

أنا + مُرْهَق

أنا مُرْهَقٌ.

بَدَا + مُرْهَقًا

بَدَا مُرْهَقًا جِدًّا.

مُرْهَق + مِنْ + [Noun]

أنا مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ العَمَلِ.

مُرْهَق + [Adverb]

هُوَ مُرْهَقٌ ذِهْنِيًّا.

[Noun] + المُرْهَق

عَقْلُهُ المُرْهَقُ لاَ يَنَامُ.

أَرْهَقَ + كَاهِل + [Noun]

أَرْهَقَ كَاهِلَ القَاضِي.

لَيْسَ + مُرْهَقًا

لَيْسَ مُرْهَقًا كَمَا يَبْدُو.

كَانَ + مُرْهَقًا

كَانَ مُرْهَقًا بَعْدَ السَّفَرِ.

词族

名词

إِرْهَاق (Exhaustion)

مُرْهِق (Something exhausting)

动词

أَرْهَقَ (To exhaust/burden)

رَهِقَ (To cover/overtake)

形容词

مُرْهَق (Exhausted)

مُرْهِق (Exhausting)

如何使用

frequency

Common in media and literature; moderate in daily speech.

常见错误

Using 'murhaq' for a task. → هَذَا العَمَلُ مُرْهِقٌ.
You should use the active participle 'murhiq' for things that cause exhaustion.
Forgetting gender agreement. → سَارَةُ مُرْهَقَةٌ.
Sarah is female, so the adjective must end in 'ta marbuta'.
Confusing 'murhaq' with 'marid'. → أنا مُرْهَقٌ وَلَسْتُ مَرِيضًا.
Exhaustion is not the same as being sick. Make sure you use the right word for the feeling.
Pronouncing 'q' as 'k'. → Mur-haq (with deep Q).
The 'qaf' is a distinct Arabic sound. Pronouncing it as 'k' can sometimes lead to misunderstandings.
Using 'ta'ban' in a formal report. → المُوَظَّفُونَ مُرْهَقُونَ.
'Ta'ban' is too colloquial for formal writing. Use 'murhaq' or 'mut'ab'.

小贴士

Vowel Awareness

Always pay attention to the vowel on the 'h'. 'Murhaq' (exhausted) vs 'Murhiq' (exhausting). This small change changes the whole meaning.

Level Up from Ta'ban

Try to replace 'ta'ban' with 'murhaq' in your writing assignments to show a higher level of Arabic proficiency (B2+).

The Qaf Sound

Practice the 'q' (Qaf) at the end of 'murhaq'. It should come from the deep throat. Don't let it turn into a 'k'.

Professional Use

Use 'murhaq' in emails or meetings to explain why a deadline might be missed or why you need a break. It sounds more professional than 'ta'ban'.

Agreement Matters

If you are a woman, always use 'murhaqa'. If you are a man, use 'murhaq'. This is the first thing listeners notice.

Using Adverbs

Pair 'murhaq' with 'dhihniyan' (mentally) or 'jasadiyan' (physically) to sound more like a native speaker.

News Vocabulary

Listen for this word on Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya. It is often used to describe people in difficult situations.

Mnemonic Device

Think of 'Murhaq' as 'More-Hagged'. You look like a hag because you are so exhausted.

Hospitality

If someone tells you they are 'murhaq', it is polite to offer them a seat or something to drink.

Literature

In novels, 'murhaq' is often used to set a mood of weariness or sadness. Look for it in the opening chapters.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Mur' as 'More' and 'haq' as 'hack'. You 'hacked' too much and now you need 'More' rest because you are 'Murhaq'.

视觉联想

Imagine a person carrying a giant rock labeled 'Work' on their back. The person is sweating and their legs are shaking. That state is 'Murhaq'.

Word Web

Tired Exhausted Burden Work Sleep Body Mind Energy

挑战

Try to use 'murhaq' instead of 'ta'ban' three times today when talking about your day.

词源

From the Arabic root R-H-Q (ر-ه-ق), which fundamentally relates to something covering or overtaking another thing. In Form IV (Arhaqa), it means to impose a burden or to make something difficult.

原始含义： To cover with a burden or to oppress.

Semitic (Arabic)

文化背景

Be careful not to sound like you are complaining too much in a formal setting; use it to state a fact about your state.

English speakers often use 'exhausted' loosely; in Arabic, 'murhaq' carries a slightly heavier weight of effort.

Various modern Arabic poems about the 'exhausted city'. Medical journals in the Middle East discussing chronic fatigue. News reports on labor rights.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Workplace

أنا مُرْهَق مِنَ الِاجْتِمَاعَاتِ.
العَمَلُ كَانَ مُرْهِقًا.
أَحْتَاجُ إِلَى إِجَازَةٍ لِأَنَّنِي مُرْهَقٌ.
زَمِيلِي يَبْدُو مُرْهَقًا.

Sports

اللاَّعِبُونَ مُرْهَقُونَ بَعْدَ الشَّوْطِ الثَّانِي.
كُنْتُ مُرْهَقًا بَعْدَ الجَرْيِ.
التَّدْرِيبُ كَانَ مُرْهَقًا لِلغَايَةِ.
لاَ تَلْعَبْ وَأَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ.

Education

الطُّلاَّبُ مُرْهَقُونَ مِنْ أُسْبُوعِ الِامْتِحَانَاتِ.
الدِّرَاسَةُ لَيْلًا تَجْعَلُكَ مُرْهَقًا.
أنا مُرْهَقٌ ذِهْنِيًّا.
المُعَلِّمُ مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ التَّصْحِيحِ.

Travel

وَصَلْنَا إِلَى الفُنْدُقِ مُرْهَقِينَ.
السَّفَرُ بِالطَّائِرَةِ مُرْهَقٌ.
أنا مُرْهَقٌ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ.
لاَ تَقُدِ السَّيَّارَةَ وَأَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ.

Health

أَشْعُرُ بِإِرْهَاقٍ شَدِيدٍ.
أنا مُرْهَقٌ وَعَيْنَايَ تُؤْلِمَانِنِي.
الرَّاحَةُ ضَرُورِيَّةٌ لِلجِسْمِ المُرْهَقِ.
لِمَاذَا أَنْتَ مُرْهَقٌ دَائِمًا؟

对话开场白

"تَبْدُو مُرْهَقًا اليَوْمَ، هَلْ حَدَثَ شَيْءٌ فِي العَمَلِ؟"

"أنا مُرْهَقٌ جِدًّا، مَاذَا تَفْعَلُ عِنْدَمَا تَشْعُرُ بِالإِرْهَاقِ؟"

"هَلْ تَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ الحَيَاةَ الحَدِيثَةَ تَجْعَلُنَا مُرْهَقِينَ دَائِمًا؟"

"كُنْتُ مُرْهَقًا بَعْدَ الرِّحْلَةِ، كَيْفَ كَانَتْ رِحْلَتُكَ أَنْتَ؟"

"مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ شَيْءٍ يَجْعَلُكَ مُرْهَقًا ذِهْنِيًّا؟"

日记主题

اكْتُبْ عَنْ يَوْمٍ كُنْتَ فِيهِ مُرْهَقًا جِدًّا وَمَاذَا فَعَلْتَ لِتَرْتَاحَ.

هَلْ تَشْعُرُ بِالإِرْهَاقِ الذِّهْنِيِّ أَكْثَرَ أَمِ الجَسَدِيِّ؟ وَلِمَاذَا؟

صِفْ شُعُورَكَ بَعْدَ انْتِهَاءِ مَشْرُوعٍ كَبِيرٍ كُنْتَ فِيهِ مُرْهَقًا.

كَيْفَ تُؤَثِّرُ المَسْؤُولِيَّاتُ عَلَى صِحَّتِكَ وَتَجْعَلُكَ مُرْهَقًا؟

تَخَيَّلْ مَدِينَةً جَمِيعُ سُكَّانِهَا مُرْهَقُونَ، كَيْفَ تَكُونُ الحَيَاةُ فِيهَا؟

常见问题

10 个问题

Ta'ban is the common, everyday word for 'tired.' You can use it if you didn't sleep enough. Murhaq is much stronger and more formal. It means 'exhausted' or 'wiped out' because of a heavy burden or a lot of work. If you say you are murhaq, people will think you have been working very hard.

Yes, but you must add a 'ta marbuta' at the end. It becomes 'murhaqa' (مُرْهَقَة). For example, 'Samiha murhaqa' (Samiha is exhausted). This is a basic rule of Arabic adjective agreement.

While it is a Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) word, many educated speakers use it in daily life, especially in professional settings. In pure dialect, you might hear 'ta'ban' or 'halik' more often, but 'murhaq' is understood everywhere.

You say 'أنا مُرْهَقٌ ذِهْنِيًّا' (Ana murhaqun dhihniyan). The word 'dhihniyan' means 'mentally.' This is a very common collocation in modern Arabic.

The root is R-H-Q (ر-ه-ق). It originally means to cover or oppress. This explains why 'murhaq' feels like a 'heavy' kind of tiredness—it's like the tiredness is covering you or weighing you down.

No, a task is 'murhiq' (مُرْهِق). 'Murhaq' is only for the person or the thing that feels the exhaustion. For example, 'The job is murhiq' but 'The worker is murhaq.'

No. While exhaustion can make you feel bad, 'murhaq' specifically refers to tiredness. The word for sick is 'marid' (مَرِيض). However, being murhaq for a long time can lead to being marid!

For a group of men or a mixed group, use 'murhaqun' (مُرْهَقُونَ). For a group of only women, use 'murhaqat' (مُرْهَقَات).

Yes, you can. For example, 'The horse is murhaq after the race.' You just follow the same gender rules (masculine or feminine).

The most common opposite is 'nashit' (نَشِيط), which means energetic or active. You could also use 'mustarih' (مُسْتَرِيح), which means rested.

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