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B2 noun 12分钟阅读

شَرْح

sharh

开始练习例句笔记与提示 شَرْح 30秒了解

解析 شَرْح in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'Sharh' as a simple 'explanation'. It is a word you use when you don't understand something in class. Imagine you are in an Arabic lesson and the teacher says a word you don't know. You can ask, 'Sharh, min fadlak?' which is a very simple way to say 'Explanation, please?' although 'Ma'na' (meaning) is more common at this stage. At A1, we focus on the basic idea that 'Sharh' is what a teacher does. You might hear the teacher say, 'Listen to the explanation' (Istami' ila al-sharh). It's a foundational word for classroom communication. You don't need to know all the complex grammar yet, just that 'Sharh' means making something clear so you can understand it. It's like turning on a light in a dark room. When you see this word, think of a teacher pointing at a whiteboard and talking. It’s one of those essential words that helps you navigate your very first Arabic conversations. Even at this level, knowing the word 'Sharh' shows you are interested in the 'why' and 'how' of the language, not just memorizing sounds. It's the first step toward deeper learning. You can use it to talk about your favorite teacher: 'Sharh al-mu'allim jayyid' (The teacher's explanation is good). This simple sentence uses the word perfectly for an A1 learner. It helps you express your opinion about how information is being given to you. Don't worry about the spelling or the deep throat sounds too much yet, just try to recognize it when you hear it in class or see it in your textbook. It's a very friendly word that opens doors to new knowledge.

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At the A2 level, you start to use 'Sharh' in more complete sentences. You are now able to ask for an explanation for specific things, like 'Can you give me a sharh for this rule?' (Hal yumkinuka i'ta'i sharh li-hadhihi al-qa'ida?). You understand that 'Sharh' is a noun and that the verb is 'Sharaha'. You might use it to describe why you were late or why you did something, although 'Sabab' (reason) is also used. At A2, you can recognize 'Sharh' in short stories or simple news clips. You might see it on a website next to a video tutorial. It's a word that helps you connect ideas. For example, 'The book has a good explanation' (Al-kitab fihi sharh jayyid). You are also starting to notice that 'Sharh' usually comes before the thing being explained, like 'Sharh al-kalima' (explanation of the word). This is the beginning of understanding the 'Idafa' structure. You might also encounter the plural 'Shuruh' in a library or bookstore and realize it means 'commentaries'. At this level, you are building a toolkit for daily life in an Arabic-speaking environment, and 'Sharh' is a vital tool for clarifying instructions, directions, and basic concepts. If you are buying a product, you might look for the 'Sharh' on the back of the box to see how it works. It's about practical understanding. You can also use it to talk about your studies: 'I finished the sharh of the first chapter' (Anhaytu sharh al-fasl al-awwal). This shows you are moving beyond just 'learning' to 'understanding' the structure of your learning material.

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At the B1 level, you are becoming more comfortable with 'Sharh' in professional and academic settings. You can now distinguish between a 'detailed explanation' (sharh mufassal) and a 'brief explanation' (sharh wajiz). You use these adjectives to be more precise in your communication. You might say in a meeting, 'I didn't understand the sharh of the new policy' (Ma fahimtu sharh al-siyasa al-jadida). You are also starting to see the word in more abstract contexts, like an 'explanation of a feeling' or an 'explanation of a historical event'. You are beginning to realize that 'Sharh' is not just about facts, but about the way those facts are presented. You might compare two different explanations and say which one is better and why. This level is about nuance. You are also likely to encounter 'Sharh' in the context of classical Arabic literature or religious studies, where it refers to a specific type of book. You understand that when a scholar writes a 'Sharh' on a famous poem, they are looking at every word, every rhyme, and every historical reference. This gives you a deeper appreciation for the word's cultural weight. In your own writing, you might use 'Sharh' to introduce a paragraph where you break down a complex idea. It becomes a structural tool for your essays. You might say, 'In the following sharh, I will explain the causes of the problem' (Fi al-sharh al-tali, sa-ashrah asbab al-mushkila). This shows you are organizing your thoughts logically in Arabic.

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At the B2 level, which is the target for this word, you should have a sophisticated grasp of 'Sharh'. You understand its root (sh-r-h) and how it relates to other words like Inshirah (joy/expansion of the heart) and Musharrah (dissected). You can use 'Sharh' in complex sentences with multiple clauses. You understand the subtle differences between 'Sharh' and its synonyms like 'Tawdih' and 'Bayan'. You know that 'Sharh' implies a systematic unpacking of a text or concept. In a professional environment, you can provide a 'Sharh' of a technical process or a legal document. You can also use the word metaphorically, such as 'The explanation of the situation' (Sharh al-wad'). You are aware of the 'Matn and Sharh' tradition in Arabic scholarship and can discuss its importance in preserving and transmitting knowledge. Your pronunciation of the final 'Ha' should be clear and accurate. You can also use the word in the passive or with different verb patterns. For example, 'The matter needs explanation' (Al-amr yahtaj ila sharh). You are also able to critique an explanation, noting if it was 'kafi' (sufficient) or 'ghayr muqni'' (unconvincing). This level of evaluative language is a key B2 skill. You might also use the word in the context of 'Explanation of Benefits' or 'Terms and Conditions' in a business context. You are no longer just a recipient of explanations; you are a provider and a critic of them. You can navigate a 'Sharh' of a complex poem or a philosophical treatise, following the logical steps the author takes to clarify the meaning.

At the C1 level, your use of 'Sharh' is nearly native. You use it with a high degree of precision and stylistic flair. You might use it in literary analysis to discuss the 'hermeneutic sharh' of a text, or in a legal context to discuss the 'legislative sharh' of a statute. You are comfortable using the plural 'Shuruh' to refer to a whole tradition of commentary. You might say, 'The shuruh of the 14th century differed significantly from those of the 10th century,' showing a deep historical and cultural understanding. You are also aware of the word's presence in classical idioms and poetry. You can use 'Sharh' to describe the 'opening up' of a complex scientific theory, using it as a metaphor for intellectual discovery. Your writing is characterized by the use of sophisticated collocations like 'Sharh mustafid' (an exhaustive explanation) or 'Sharh tahlili' (an analytical explanation). You can also use the word to discuss the 'psychological sharh' of a character's motivations in a novel. At this level, you are aware of the philosophical implications of 'Sharh'—how the act of explaining changes the thing being explained. You might engage in debates about whether a certain 'Sharh' is faithful to the original 'Matn'. Your mastery of the word allows you to move effortlessly between modern technical usage and classical scholarly discourse. You are a master of the 'Idafa' and can create long, complex noun phrases centered around 'Sharh' that remain clear and grammatically correct. You use the word to bring clarity to the most obscure and difficult topics.

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At the C2 level, you have reached a state of complete mastery over 'Sharh'. You use the word with the ease and nuance of a highly educated native speaker. You can appreciate the most subtle linguistic jokes or puns involving the root sh-r-h. You can write your own 'Sharh' of a classical text, adhering to the traditional stylistic conventions of the genre while adding your own modern insights. You understand the deep theological and philosophical history of the word, including its use in the Quran to describe the 'expansion of the chest' for faith. You can discuss the evolution of the 'Sharh' genre from the early Islamic period to the modern era, noting changes in methodology and purpose. In your professional life, you might be the one providing the definitive 'Sharh' of a new policy or theory that others will then study. Your use of 'Sharh' is not just about communication; it's about authority and expertise. You can use the word in highly specialized fields like linguistics, medicine, or law with absolute accuracy. You are also aware of regional variations in how the word might be used in different dialects, though you primarily use the formal standard. You can analyze the 'Sharh' of a political speech, looking at how the speaker uses 'clarification' as a rhetorical tool. For you, 'Sharh' is a multifaceted gem of a word that you can turn in the light to reveal different meanings and implications. It is a symbol of your deep connection to the Arabic language and its rich intellectual heritage. You don't just know what 'Sharh' means; you embody the clarity and depth that the word represents.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

شَرْح 30秒了解

Sharh means 'explanation' or 'commentary' in Arabic, used to clarify complex ideas or texts.
It is a B2-level word essential for academic, professional, and everyday communication in Arabic.
The word comes from a root meaning 'to open' or 'to expand', reflecting its role in opening the mind.
It is also a formal literary genre in Arabic scholarship, where scholars explain foundational texts.

The Arabic word شَرْح (Sharh) is a multifaceted noun derived from the root sh-r-h, which fundamentally means to open, to expand, or to lay bare. In a linguistic sense, it refers to the act of making something clear and intelligible. When you provide a شَرْح, you are not just translating words; you are unpacking meanings, context, and nuances that might be hidden to the casual observer. In the classical Arabic tradition, Sharh is a specific literary genre where a scholar writes a detailed commentary on a concise foundational text, known as a Matn. This relationship between the 'body' (the text) and the 'explanation' (the commentary) is central to Islamic scholarship and legal studies. In modern usage, the word has transitioned into everyday life, appearing in classrooms, technical manuals, and legal proceedings. For instance, a teacher provides a sharh of a complex mathematical formula, or a lawyer offers a sharh of a specific clause in a contract. It implies a level of depth that goes beyond a simple definition (ta'rif). It suggests a process of 'opening up' the heart or the mind to receive information, a concept beautifully captured in the Quranic phrase Ashrah Sadr (to expand the chest/heart for guidance).

Academic Context: In universities, a professor's lecture is often viewed as a sharh of the syllabus material, bridging the gap between raw data and student comprehension.

كان شَرْح المعلم واضحاً جداً لدرجة أن الجميع فهموا المسألة المعقدة.

Furthermore, Sharh is used in the context of 'explanation of benefits' in insurance or 'explanation of terms' in digital platforms. It is the bridge between the obscure and the obvious. Unlike Tafsir, which is almost exclusively reserved for Quranic exegesis, Sharh is a general-purpose term that can apply to poetry, philosophy, science, or even a personal excuse. If someone asks you for a sharh of your behavior, they are asking for the 'why' and 'how' behind your actions. It is a word that demands clarity and honesty. In the realm of literary criticism, a sharh of a poem involves analyzing the meter, the metaphors, and the historical context of the poet's life. This comprehensive nature makes it a B2-level word because it requires understanding the nuance between mere description and deep analytical explanation.

Technical Documentation: Software manuals often include a sharh of the user interface to help beginners navigate the system effectively.

يتطلب هذا الكتاب شَرْحاً وافياً لتبسيط مفاهيمه الفلسفية.

In social settings, providing a sharh can also mean 'to vent' or 'to explain one's feelings' in a detailed manner, though this is more metaphorical. It is about laying out the contents of one's mind. The word carries a certain weight; a 'good' sharh is one that leaves no room for doubt. It is the antidote to ghumud (ambiguity). When a doctor gives a sharh of a medical condition, they are translating complex biological processes into a narrative the patient can follow. This communicative function is why the word is so vital in any educational or professional Arabic environment. It is not just about the content, but the clarity of the delivery.

Legal Usage: Judges often look for a sharh of the intent behind a specific law to make a fair ruling in complex cases.

أعطى المدير شَرْحاً مفصلاً لأهداف الشركة الجديدة.

Using شَرْح correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a verbal noun (masdar) that functions as a common noun. It most frequently appears in the construct state (idafa) or followed by a preposition. The most common preposition used with it is li (لـ) meaning 'of' or 'for'. For example, sharh al-dars (explanation of the lesson). It can also be modified by adjectives to specify the quality of the explanation, such as sharh mufassal (detailed explanation), sharh wajiz (brief explanation), or sharh kafi (sufficient explanation). When you want to say 'to explain', you use the verb form sharaha (شرح), but the noun sharh is often preferred in formal writing to describe the output of that action.

Adjective Pairing: Pairing sharh with 'shafi' (شفاف) or 'mubassat' (مبسط) describes an explanation that is exceptionally clear or simplified for beginners.

أحتاج إلى شَرْح إضافي لفهم هذه النظرية العلمية.

In a sentence, sharh can act as the subject, object, or even a predicate. For example, 'The explanation was long' (kana al-sharh tawilan). In professional emails, you might see the phrase 'I hope this explanation is helpful' (arju an yakuna hadha al-sharh mufidan). It is also used in the titles of books, especially classical texts. You might find a book titled 'Sharh Sahih Muslim', which is a commentary on the collection of Hadith. In this context, the word is not just a description but a formal title of a work. When using it in the plural shuruh, it often refers to multiple different perspectives or different scholarly commentaries on a single text. This is common in advanced literature classes where you might compare the shuruh of different eras.

Comparative Usage: Comparing two explanations: hadha al-sharh awdah min dhalika (This explanation is clearer than that one).

لا يكتمل الفهم بدون شَرْح الأمثلة التطبيقية.

Another interesting use is in the dual form sharhani, though rare, it could refer to two distinct explanations. More commonly, you will use the definite article al-sharh to refer to 'the explanation' currently under discussion. In modern media, you might hear 'sharh al-akhbar' (explanation of the news), which refers to an analysis or commentary segment. The word is incredibly versatile. It can be used in a medical context to describe the 'opening' of a surgical site, though this is much more technical and less common in daily speech. For a B2 learner, the goal is to use sharh to articulate the need for more information or to describe the quality of information received. It is a tool for precision in communication.

Inquiry Phrases: 'Hal ladayka sharh?' (Do you have an explanation?) is a polite way to ask for clarification in a professional setting.

قدم الباحث شَرْحاً منطقياً لنتائج التجربة.

You will encounter شَرْح in a variety of high-stakes and everyday environments. In the educational sphere, it is the bread and butter of classroom life. From primary school to PhD programs, teachers are constantly engaged in sharh al-mawad (explaining the subjects). If you watch educational YouTube channels in Arabic, the titles almost always begin with 'Sharh...' followed by the topic, such as 'Sharh Qawa'id al-Lugha' (Explanation of Grammar Rules). This makes it a primary keyword for anyone looking to learn through Arabic-medium resources. In the workplace, during meetings or presentations, a colleague might say, 'Let me provide a brief sharh of the new project,' using the word to signal a transition into a more detailed phase of the discussion. It is a word that signals 'pay attention, the details are coming.'

News & Media: News anchors often use sharh when introducing a segment that breaks down complex geopolitical events or economic shifts.

استمعنا إلى شَرْح المحلل السياسي للأزمة الحالية.

In religious settings, sharh is ubiquitous. Friday sermons (khutbah) often involve a sharh of a Quranic verse or a Hadith, where the Imam explains how ancient texts apply to modern life. If you visit a mosque or an Islamic center, you will see bookshelves lined with multi-volume sets, many of which are shuruh (commentaries) on foundational texts of theology and law. Similarly, in the legal field, a lawyer’s 'statement of defense' or a judge’s 'reasoning' can be referred to as a sharh of the legal basis for their position. It is also found in the world of art and museums; the placards next to paintings that explain the artist's intent and the techniques used are essentially shuruh for the public.

Medical Consultations: Patients often ask doctors for a sharh of their lab results to understand what the numbers mean for their health.

تضمن الدليل شَرْحاً لكيفية تركيب الجهاز الجديد.

Finally, in the literary world, book reviews and critical essays are forms of sharh. When a critic explains the symbolism in a novel, they are providing a sharh that enriches the reader's experience. In everyday conversation, if someone tells a joke that you don't understand, you might say, 'I need a sharh!' This usage is slightly informal and humorous, acknowledging that the joke's meaning was not 'opened up' to you. Whether it's the high-minded commentary of a medieval scholar or the practical instructions of a IKEA manual, sharh is the word that bridges the gap between confusion and clarity across the entire Arab-speaking world.

Social Media: Influencers often post 'Sharh' videos for makeup tutorials, gaming strategies, or DIY projects, making the word very common in modern digital slang.

لا يحتاج هذا الموقف إلى شَرْح؛ فالأمور واضحة للجميع.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with شَرْح is confusing it with related terms like Tafsir, Tawdih, or Bayan. While they all relate to 'explaining', they are not always interchangeable. Tafsir is specifically for the Quran; using it to describe a math problem would sound very strange. Tawdih is more about 'clarification' of a specific point of confusion, whereas Sharh is a more systematic and comprehensive explanation. Another frequent error is the incorrect use of prepositions. Many learners try to use 'an' (عن) like the English 'explanation about', but in Arabic, it is more natural to use the idafa structure (sharh al-mawdu') or the preposition li (لـ). Using 'an' isn't always wrong, but it can sound less native depending on the context.

Confusion with 'Tafsir': Avoid using 'Tafsir' for secular subjects. Stick to Sharh for books, lessons, and general concepts.

خطأ: أريد تفسيراً لهذا التمرين الرياضي. صواب: أريد شَرْحاً لهذا التمرين.

Pronunciation of the final letter Ha (ح) is another stumbling block. Non-native speakers often substitute it with a soft 'h' (هـ) or a 'kh' (خ). The Ha in Sharh is a deep, breathy sound from the middle of the throat, similar to the sound made when breathing on glasses to clean them. If you mispronounce it, you might accidentally say Shar-kh, which doesn't have the same meaning. Additionally, learners often forget that Sharh is a masculine noun. This affects the gender of the adjectives and verbs that follow. For example, you must say sharh mufid (useful explanation) and not sharh mufida. Paying attention to these grammatical agreements is a hallmark of the B2 level.

Overusing the Verb: Sometimes students use the verb 'Yashrah' (he explains) when the noun 'Sharh' (explanation) would be more concise and formal in a sentence.

كان شَرْحُه للقصيدة رائعاً (His explanation of the poem was wonderful).

Another nuance is the difference between Sharh and Ta'wil. Ta'wil involves interpretation, often looking for hidden or allegorical meanings, while Sharh is generally more focused on the literal and linguistic clarification of the text. Confusing these can lead to misunderstandings in academic or religious discussions. Finally, ensure you don't confuse the spelling with Shart (شرط), which means 'condition'. The difference is only one letter (ح vs ط), but the meanings are worlds apart. A 'condition' is a prerequisite, while an 'explanation' is a clarification. Context usually helps, but in writing, the error is glaring.

Spelling Pitfall: Don't confuse Sharh (explanation) with Shar' (law/sharia). The 'h' at the end of Sharh is crucial.

يجب أن نركز على شَرْح المفردات الصعبة أولاً.

To enrich your Arabic vocabulary, it's essential to understand the alternatives to شَرْح and when to use them. The most common synonym is Tawdih (توضيح), which comes from the root w-d-h (to be clear). While Sharh is an expansion, Tawdih is a clarification. Use Tawdih when something is already known but needs to be made more distinct or when there is a specific misunderstanding to correct. Another alternative is Bayan (بيان), which carries a sense of eloquence and manifestation. It is often used for official statements or highly articulate explanations. If a government issues a statement, it is a Bayan, not a Sharh. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the word that fits the register of your conversation.

Sharh vs. Tawdih: Sharh: Comprehensive, detailed, often pedagogical.
Tawdih: Specific, aimed at clearing up a particular point of confusion.

قدمت الوزارة بياناً (Bayan) حول السياسة الجديدة، لكننا نحتاج إلى شَرْح (Sharh) مفصل لكيفية تطبيقها.

In more academic or philosophical contexts, you might encounter Tafsir (تفسير) and Ta'wil (تأويل). As mentioned, Tafsir is usually for the Quran, but it can also be used in science for the 'interpretation' of data. Ta'wil is more about the deeper, symbolic meaning. If you are talking about a dream, you would use Ta'wil al-Ahlam (interpretation of dreams), not Sharh al-Ahlam. For a simple 'commentary' on a blog post or a social media comment, the word Ta'liq (تعليق) is used. A Ta'liq is usually brief and personal, whereas a Sharh is objective and educational. Knowing when to use Ta'liq versus Sharh is key to sounding natural in social media interactions.

Sharh vs. Tafsir: Sharh: General explanation of any text or concept.
Tafsir: Specialized exegesis, primarily of the Quran or complex scientific phenomena.

هذا تعليق (Ta'liq) بسيط، وليس شَرْحاً (Sharh) أكاديمياً.

Other related words include Wasf (وصف) meaning description, and Tahlil (تحليل) meaning analysis. A Wasf tells you what something is like, but a Sharh tells you how it works or what it means. A Tahlil breaks something down into its component parts, which is often a part of a Sharh, but more focused on the data or the logic. For example, 'The sharh of the experiment included a tahlil of the results.' By mastering these synonyms, you can navigate complex discussions with precision. You won't just be 'explaining'; you'll be clarifying, manifesting, interpreting, or analyzing, depending on the situation. This level of lexical variety is what distinguishes a B2 learner from a beginner.

Register Differences: Use Bayan for formal/legal contexts, Sharh for educational/academic contexts, and Tawdih for casual/corrective contexts.

نحتاج إلى تحليل (Tahlil) عميق يتجاوز مجرد الـ شَرْح (Sharh) السطحي.

How Formal Is It?

正式

中性

非正式

Child friendly

俚语

趣味小知识

The same root is used for 'Anatomy' (Tashrih) in Arabic, because anatomy involves 'slicing open' the body to understand its internal structure, just as a 'Sharh' slices open a text to understand its meaning.

发音指南

UK /ʃarħ/

US /ʃɑːrx/

The stress is on the single syllable 'Sharh'.

押韵词

جرح (Jurh - wound) فرح (Farh - joy) طرح (Tarh - subtraction/proposal) سرح (Sarh - grazing/roaming) قرح (Qarh - ulcer) مرح (Marh - merriment) برح (Barh - leaving) صرح (Sarh - palace/edifice)

常见错误

Pronouncing the final 'Ha' (ح) like a soft English 'h' (هـ).
Pronouncing the final 'Ha' like a 'Kh' (خ) as in 'Bach'.
Failing to roll the 'r' slightly.
Vocalizing the 'h' too much, making it sound like 'Shar-ha'.
Mixing it up with 'Shart' (condition) by mispronouncing the final consonant.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The word is easy to recognize but can appear in dense academic texts.

写作 4/5

Spelling the final 'Ha' correctly and using proper idafa structures requires care.

口语 4/5

The final 'Ha' sound is a challenge for many non-native speakers.

听力 3/5

Easily heard in educational and formal contexts.

接下来学什么

前置知识

فهم (Fahm) - Understanding درس (Dars) - Lesson كتاب (Kitab) - Book واضح (Wadih) - Clear معلم (Mu'allim) - Teacher

接下来学习

تفسير (Tafsir) - Exegesis توضيح (Tawdih) - Clarification منهجية (Manhajiyya) - Methodology تحليل (Tahlil) - Analysis سياق (Siyaq) - Context

高级

هرمينوطيقا (Hermeneutics) إبستيمولوجيا (Epistemology) تأويلية (Interpretative) بنيوية (Structuralism) تفكيكية (Deconstruction)

需要掌握的语法

The Idafa Construction

شرحُ الكتابِ (The book's explanation)

Masdar as a Noun

الشرحُ مفيدٌ (The explanation is useful)

Adjective Agreement

شرحٌ طويلٌ (A long explanation)

Prepositional Phrases

شرحٌ للمسألةِ (An explanation for the issue)

Accusative Object

كتبتُ شرحاً (I wrote an explanation)

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按水平分级的例句

هذا شَرْح جميل.

This is a beautiful explanation.

A simple nominal sentence with a demonstrative pronoun 'hadha' and an adjective 'jamil'.

أريد شَرْحاً للدرس.

I want an explanation for the lesson.

The word 'sharhan' is in the accusative case because it is the object of the verb 'uridu'.

الشَرْح واضِح.

The explanation is clear.

A standard subject-predicate sentence. 'Al-sharh' is the subject.

أين الشَرْح؟

Where is the explanation?

An interrogative sentence using 'ayna' (where).

شكراً على الشَرْح.

Thank you for the explanation.

The preposition 'ala' (on/for) is followed by the noun in the genitive case.

هذا شَرْح سَهْل.

This is an easy explanation.

The adjective 'sahl' (easy) agrees with the masculine noun 'sharh'.

أسمع الشَرْح الآن.

I am listening to the explanation now.

The verb 'asma'u' is in the present tense (mudari').

شَرْح المعلم ممتاز.

The teacher's explanation is excellent.

An 'idafa' construction (possession) between 'sharh' and 'al-mu'allim'.

قرأت شَرْحاً ممتعاً عن التاريخ.

I read an interesting explanation about history.

The adjective 'mumti'an' matches the case and gender of 'sharhan'.

هل يوجد شَرْح لهذه الكلمة؟

Is there an explanation for this word?

Uses the existential 'yujad' (there is/exists).

فهمت الدرس بعد الشَرْح.

I understood the lesson after the explanation.

The preposition 'ba'da' (after) precedes the noun.

أحتاج إلى شَرْح بسيط.

I need a simple explanation.

The preposition 'ila' is required after the verb 'ahtaju'.

كان الشَرْح طويلاً جداً.

The explanation was very long.

Uses the past tense verb 'kana' which makes the predicate 'tawilan' accusative.

أعطني شَرْحاً لهذه القاعدة.

Give me an explanation for this rule.

Imperative verb 'a'tini' (give me).

هذا الكتاب فيه شروح كثيرة.

This book has many explanations.

Uses the broken plural 'shuruh'.

لم يكن الشَرْح كافياً لي.

The explanation was not enough for me.

Negative past tense 'lam yakun'.

قدّم الأستاذ شَرْحاً وافياً للموضوع.

The professor provided a full explanation of the subject.

The adjective 'wafiyan' means full or comprehensive.

أبحث عن شَرْح مفصل لهذه العملية.

I am looking for a detailed explanation of this process.

The verb 'abhatu 'an' means to look for/search for.

الشَرْح الذي قدمته كان مفيداً للغاية.

The explanation you provided was extremely useful.

Uses the relative pronoun 'alladhi' (which/that).

لا يمكننا المضي قدماً بدون شَرْح.

We cannot move forward without an explanation.

The preposition 'bidun' (without) is followed by the noun.

يتضمن الدليل شَرْحاً لكيفية الاستخدام.

The guide includes an explanation of how to use it.

The verb 'yatadamman' means 'to include' or 'to contain'.

ساعدني شَرْحك في حل المشكلة.

Your explanation helped me solve the problem.

The noun 'sharhuka' includes the possessive suffix '-ka' (your).

هناك اختلاف في شروح العلماء.

There is a difference in the scholars' explanations.

Plural 'shuruh' in an idafa with 'al-ulama'.

هل يمكنك كتابة شَرْح مختصر؟

Can you write a brief explanation?

The adjective 'mukhtasar' means brief or summarized.

تطلب النظرية شَرْحاً أعمق من ذلك.

The theory requires a deeper explanation than that.

Comparative adjective 'a'maq' (deeper).

قدم المحلل شَرْحاً منطقياً للأحداث.

The analyst provided a logical explanation of the events.

The adjective 'mantiqiyan' (logical) adds a layer of B2 vocabulary.

يعتبر هذا الكتاب أهم شَرْح للقصيدة.

This book is considered the most important commentary on the poem.

Passive-like verb 'yu'tabaru' (is considered).

لم أقتنع بـ شَرْح المدير للأزمة.

I was not convinced by the manager's explanation of the crisis.

The verb 'iqtana'a bi' (to be convinced by).

نحتاج إلى شَرْح يزيل الغموض عن النص.

We need an explanation that removes the ambiguity from the text.

The verb 'yuzil' (removes) and noun 'ghumud' (ambiguity) are higher-level terms.

تعتمد جودة الفهم على جودة الشَرْح.

The quality of understanding depends on the quality of the explanation.

The verb 'ta'tamid 'ala' (depends on).

قام الباحث بـ شَرْح المنهجية المتبعة.

The researcher explained the methodology followed.

The construction 'qama bi-' + masdar is a formal way to express an action.

أثار شَرْحه الكثير من التساؤلات.

His explanation raised many questions.

The verb 'athara' (to raise/stir up).

تجاوز الشَرْح الجوانب اللغوية إلى السياق الثقافي.

The explanation transcended linguistic aspects to the cultural context.

The verb 'tajawaza' (to transcend/surpass).

كان الشَرْح تظاهرة من البلاغة والوضوح.

The explanation was a manifestation of eloquence and clarity.

Metaphorical use of 'tadhahura' (manifestation/demonstration).

يفتقر هذا الشَرْح إلى الدقة العلمية المطلوبة.

This explanation lacks the required scientific precision.

The verb 'yaftaqiru ila' (to lack).

استفاض المحاضر في شَرْح أبعاد القضية.

The lecturer elaborated extensively on the dimensions of the issue.

The verb 'astafada' (to elaborate/go into detail).

يعد هذا الشَرْح مرجعاً أساسياً في بابه.

This commentary is considered a fundamental reference in its field.

Formal phrase 'fi babihi' (in its field/category).

جاء الشَرْح كاشفاً عن خبايا النص المعقد.

The explanation came revealing the hidden depths of the complex text.

The active participle 'kashifan' (revealing) used as a circumstantial 'hal'.

لا يغني هذا الشَرْح المختصر عن قراءة الأصل.

This brief explanation is no substitute for reading the original.

The idiom 'la yughni 'an' (cannot replace/is no substitute for).

اتسم الشَرْح بالموضوعية والحياد التام.

The explanation was characterized by objectivity and complete neutrality.

The verb 'attasama bi-' (to be characterized by).

انبرى الفيلسوف لتقديم شَرْح فينومينولوجي للوعي.

The philosopher set out to provide a phenomenological explanation of consciousness.

The verb 'anbara' (to set oneself to/embark on).

يعيد هذا الشَرْح قراءة الموروث برؤية حداثية.

This commentary re-reads the heritage with a modernist vision.

Uses 'yu'idu qira'ata' (re-reads) as a sophisticated analytical term.

لم يكن الشَرْح مجرد تكرار بل كان إبداعاً موازياً.

The explanation was not mere repetition but a parallel creation.

The phrase 'ibda'an muwaziyan' (parallel creation) is high-level literary criticism.

تتداخل في هذا الشَرْح المقاربات السيميائية والتاريخية.

Semiotic and historical approaches overlap in this explanation.

The verb 'tatadakhal' (to overlap/intertwine).

أفضى الشَرْح المستفيض إلى نتائج غير متوقعة.

The extensive explanation led to unexpected results.

The verb 'afda ila' (to lead to/result in).

يتمحور الشَرْح حول إشكالية العلاقة بين النص والمتلقي.

The explanation centers on the problematic relationship between the text and the recipient.

The verb 'yatamahwar hawla' (to center/revolve around).

جاء الشَرْح مفككاً للبنى التقليدية للفكر السائد.

The explanation came deconstructing the traditional structures of dominant thought.

Uses 'mufakkikan' (deconstructing) from the root of deconstructionism.

يعد هذا الشَرْح تتويجاً لمسيرة علمية حافلة.

This commentary is considered the culmination of a prolific scientific career.

The metaphor 'tatwij' (crowning/culmination).

近义词

تَفْسِير تَوْضِيح تَبْيِين تَعْلِيق

反义词

تَعْقِيد إِبْهَام غُمُوض

常见搭配

شرح مفصل

شرح وافٍ

شرح مختصر

شرح كافٍ

شرح منطقي

شرح تقني

شرح قانوني

شرح مبسط

شرح وافٍ وشافٍ

سلسلة شروح

常用短语

بدون شرح

— Without explanation. Used when something is done without providing reasons.

غادر القاعة بدون شرح.

تحت الشرح

— Under explanation. Used for something currently being explained or analyzed.

هذه النقطة لا تزال تحت الشرح.

لا يحتاج إلى شرح

— Needs no explanation. Used for something obvious.

جمال الطبيعة هنا لا يحتاج إلى شرح.

شرح صدره

— To please someone or make them feel at ease (metaphorical).

شرح الله صدره للإسلام.

بناءً على الشرح

— Based on the explanation provided.

بناءً على الشرح السابق، سنغير الخطة.

طلب شرحاً

— To request an explanation.

طلب الطالب شرحاً إضافياً من المعلم.

قدم شرحاً

— To provide/present an explanation.

قدم المهندس شرحاً للتصميم.

شرح مطول

— A lengthy or extended explanation.

استمعنا إلى شرح مطول عن الأزمة.

شرح واهن

— A weak or unconvincing explanation.

كان شرحه واهناً ولم يصدقه أحد.

شرح دقيق

— A precise or accurate explanation.

نحتاج إلى شرح دقيق للبيانات المالية.

容易混淆的词

شَرْح vs شرط (Shart)

Means 'condition'. Only one letter different (ح vs ط).

شَرْح vs شرع (Shar')

Means 'law' or 'legislation'. Missing the final 'h'.

شَرْح vs شرح (Sharaha - verb)

The act of explaining, whereas 'Sharh' is the explanation itself.

习语与表达

"شرح الواضحات من المفضحات"

— Explaining the obvious is a waste of time (lit. 'explaining obvious things is a disgrace').

لا تطل الكلام، فشرح الواضحات من المفضحات.

Literary/Formal

"شرح الصدر"

— To feel delighted or relieved; to have one's heart opened to something.

شرح الله صدره بالخبر السعيد.

Formal/Religious

"على وجه الشرح"

— By way of explanation; as an illustration.

ذكرت ذلك على وجه الشرح لا الحصر.

Formal

"شرح وتفصيل"

— In great detail; thoroughly.

سأخبرك بما حدث شرحاً وتفصيلاً.

Formal

"يخرج عن نطاق الشرح"

— Beyond explanation; inexplicable.

هذا الشعور يخرج عن نطاق الشرح.

Literary

"بشرحه وبمتنه"

— Completely; including the core and the details (referencing the Matn/Sharh tradition).

فهمت الموضوع بشرحه وبمتنه.

Academic/Idiomatic

"أوسع من الشرح"

— Too big to be explained; vast.

الكرم العربي أوسع من الشرح.

Literary

"شرح يطول"

— A long story; an explanation that would take a long time.

لماذا فعلت ذلك؟ هذا شرح يطول.

Neutral

"في معرض الشرح"

— In the context of explaining.

قال ذلك في معرض الشرح عن نظريته.

Formal

"شرح شافي"

— A satisfying or healing explanation; one that answers all doubts.

وجدنا في كتابه شرحاً شافياً للمسألة.

Formal

容易混淆

شَرْح vs تفسير (Tafsir)

Both mean explanation.

Tafsir is specifically for the Quran or complex scientific interpretation; Sharh is general.

تفسير ابن كثير (Quranic) vs شرح النحو (Grammar).

شَرْح vs توضيح (Tawdih)

Both mean clarification.

Tawdih is for specific points of confusion; Sharh is a systematic expansion.

توضيح نقطة (Clarifying a point) vs شرح فصل (Explaining a chapter).

شَرْح vs بيان (Bayan)

Both relate to making things clear.

Bayan is an official statement or eloquent manifestation; Sharh is educational.

بيان صحفي (Press release) vs شرح الكتاب (Book commentary).

شَرْح vs تأويل (Ta'wil)

Both involve interpretation.

Ta'wil looks for hidden or symbolic meanings; Sharh focuses on literal clarity.

تأويل الرؤيا (Dream interpretation) vs شرح النص (Textual explanation).

شَرْح vs وصف (Wasf)

Both describe something.

Wasf is a description of appearance/traits; Sharh is an explanation of meaning/function.

وصف المكان (Description of place) vs شرح الخريطة (Explanation of map).

句型

هذا شرح + [Adjective]

هذا شرح جميل.

أريد شرحاً لـ + [Noun]

أريد شرحاً للدرس.

قدم الـ + [Noun] شرحاً + [Adjective]

قدم المعلم شرحاً وافياً.

يتطلب الـ + [Noun] شرحاً أعمق

يتطلب الموضوع شرحاً أعمق.

بناءً على الشرح الـ + [Adjective]

بناءً على الشرح السابق.

يعد هذا الشرح + [Noun Phrase]

يعد هذا الشرح مرجعاً مهماً.

اتسم الشرح بـ + [Noun]

اتسم الشرح بالوضوح.

انبرى لتقديم شرح + [Adjective]

انبرى لتقديم شرح فلسفي.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Extremely common in educational and academic domains.

常见错误

Using 'Tafsir' for math or grammar. → Using 'Sharh'.
Tafsir is for the Quran; Sharh is for general subjects.
Saying 'Sharha' (feminine) for the noun. → Saying 'Sharh' (masculine).
Sharh is masculine; it doesn't end in a Ta Marbuta.
Confusing 'Sharh' with 'Shart'. → Checking the final letter (ح vs ط).
Sharh is explanation; Shart is condition.
Pronouncing 'ح' like 'خ'. → Using the breathy 'h' from the throat.
Mixing these up can change the meaning of many Arabic words.
Using 'an' (about) too much. → Using the idafa or 'li-'.
While 'an' is possible, 'Sharh al-mawdu' is more natural than 'Sharh an al-mawdu'.

小贴士

Idafa Mastery

When using 'Sharh' in an idafa like 'Sharh al-Dars', do not put 'Al-' on 'Sharh'. It's 'Sharh al-Dars', not 'Al-Sharh al-Dars'.

Adjective Pairing

Always pair 'Sharh' with words like 'Mufassal' (detailed) or 'Wajiz' (brief) to sound more like a native speaker.

The Guttural Ha

Don't be afraid to make a strong sound for the final 'ح'. It's what makes the word recognizable.

Scholarly Respect

Understand that 'Sharh' is a word of intellectual depth. Using it shows you value clarity and knowledge.

Conciseness

In professional emails, 'Arju al-sharh' (I request an explanation) is polite and clear.

Root Recognition

Whenever you hear 'Sh-R-H', think of 'opening up'. It will help you guess the meaning of related words.

Modern Media

Look for 'Sharh' in the titles of Arabic tech blogs; it's the standard word for 'How-to' guides.

Visual Cues

Visualize a teacher's pointer—it's the tool of 'Sharh'.

Confidence

If you don't understand, saying 'Ahtaj ila sharh' is a sign of a good student, not a weak one.

Plural Practice

Regularly use 'Shuruh' when talking about different opinions or books to get used to the broken plural.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'SHARH' as 'SHARP'. You need a SHARP mind to give a good SHARH (explanation). Also, 'Sharh' sounds like 'Share' - you SHARE knowledge through an explanation.

视觉联想

Imagine a closed book being sliced open by a beam of light, revealing the bright, clear text inside. The light is the 'Sharh'.

Word Web

Teacher Book Clear Understanding Commentary Anatomy Heart Logic

挑战

Try to explain a simple concept like 'how to make tea' in Arabic using the word 'Sharh' at least three times in your paragraph.

词源

The word 'Sharh' comes from the trilateral Arabic root Sh-R-H (ش-ر-ح). This root historically carries the primary meaning of 'cutting' or 'slicing' something open, particularly meat. This physical act of opening up evolved metaphorically into 'opening up' a text or a concept to reveal its hidden contents.

原始含义： To slice open or to expand.

Semitic (Afroasiatic)

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that using 'Sharh' for Quranic text instead of 'Tafsir' might be corrected by scholars, though it's not offensive.

In English, we use 'commentary' or 'explanation', but 'Sharh' often implies a more systematic and authoritative work than a simple 'explanation'.

Sharh Sahih Muslim by Imam al-Nawawi (A famous Hadith commentary). Sharh Ibn 'Aqil (A famous commentary on Arabic grammar). The Quranic verse: 'Alam nashrah laka sadrak?' (Did We not expand for you your chest?).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Education

شرح المعلم
شرح الدرس
أريد شرحاً إضافياً
شرح مبسط للقواعد

Professional

شرح المشروع
شرح الميزانية
قدم شرحاً وافياً
شرح الأهداف

Religion

شرح الحديث
شرح العقيدة
كتب الشروح
شرح الصدر

Technology

شرح الاستخدام
شرح تقني
شرح الواجهة
فيديو شرح

Law

شرح القانون
شرح المادة
شرح الحيثيات
مذكرة شرح

对话开场白

"هل يمكنك تقديم شرح موجز لما حدث في الاجتماع؟"

"ما هو أفضل شرح قرأته لهذه النظرية العلمية؟"

"لماذا تعتقد أن شرح المعلم لم يكن واضحاً اليوم؟"

"هل تفضل الشرح المكتوب أم الشرح المرئي (الفيديو)؟"

"كيف يمكننا تحسين شرحنا لخدمات الشركة للعملاء الجدد؟"

日记主题

اكتب عن موقف احتجت فيه إلى شرح ولم تجده. كيف شعرت؟

قارن بين 'الشرح' و'التفسير' من وجهة نظرك الشخصية.

صف أفضل معلم مر عليك، وكيف كان أسلوبه في الشرح.

اكتب شرحاً مبسطاً لهوايتك المفضلة لشخص لا يعرف عنها شيئاً.

هل تعتقد أن كل شيء في الحياة يحتاج إلى شرح؟ لماذا؟

常见问题

10 个问题

No, while it is a famous literary genre, it is used for anything that needs clarification, including math problems, news, feelings, and technical processes.

Tafsir is mostly reserved for the Quran, while Sharh is used for everything else, like poetry, grammar, and general concepts.

The plural is 'Shuruh' (شروح), which follows the broken plural pattern common in Arabic.

Yes, it's perfectly fine. For example, 'Shukran ala al-sharh' (Thanks for the explanation) is very common.

It is a masculine noun, so adjectives must be masculine (e.g., sharh wadih).

The verb is 'Sharaha' (شرح), meaning 'he explained'.

Because in classical Arabic literature, writing a commentary on a famous foundational text is a specific, respected type of authorship called a 'Sharh'.

It is the letter 'Ha' (ح), a deep breathy sound from the middle of the throat, not a soft English 'h'.

Yes, 'Tashrih' (anatomy) comes from the same root, and a doctor might give a 'sharh' of a procedure.

The verb 'sharraha' (with shadda) means to dissect or slice, but the noun 'Sharh' almost always means explanation today.

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