A1 形容词 1 min read 简单

Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun)

标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Bulgarian, adjectives almost always come before the noun they describe, just like in English.

  • Place the adjective before the noun: 'хубава къща' (beautiful house).
  • Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun: 'голям стол' (big chair).
  • If using a definite article, attach it to the adjective, not the noun: 'големият стол' (the big chair).
Adjective + Noun (e.g., 🍎 + 🔴 = 'червена ябълка')

Adjective Agreement Table (Indefinite)

Gender Singular Plural
Masculine
голям
големи
Feminine
голяма
големи
Neuter
голямо
големи

Meanings

Adjectives in Bulgarian function as modifiers that precede the noun to provide descriptive detail. They must strictly match the noun's grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number (singular, plural).

1

Descriptive Adjective

Used to describe a quality or state of a noun.

“Студен ден.”

“Синя кола.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Adj + Noun
Хубава кола
Negative
Не + Adj + Noun
Не хубава кола
Question
Adj + Noun + ли
Хубава ли е колата?
Definite
Def-Adj + Noun
Хубавата кола
Plural
Plural-Adj + Noun
Хубави коли

正式程度

正式
Голямата къща е реставрирана.

Голямата къща е реставрирана. (Describing a house)

中性
Голямата къща е хубава.

Голямата къща е хубава. (Describing a house)

非正式
Голямата къща е супер.

Голямата къща е супер. (Describing a house)

俚语
Яката къща!

Яката къща! (Describing a house)

Adjective Gender Agreement

Adjective

Masculine

  • -Ø e.g., голям

Feminine

  • -а e.g., голяма

Neuter

  • -о e.g., голямо
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Това е хубава къща.

This is a nice house.

2

Той е добър човек.

He is a good person.

3

Имам синя кола.

I have a blue car.

4

Това е голямо дете.

This is a big child.

1

Големият град е шумен.

The big city is noisy.

2

Тя носи червена рокля.

She is wearing a red dress.

3

Това са нови книги.

These are new books.

4

Искам студена вода.

I want cold water.

1

Интересната книга е на масата.

The interesting book is on the table.

2

Той живее в малък апартамент.

He lives in a small apartment.

3

Видяхме красиви цветя в парка.

We saw beautiful flowers in the park.

4

Това е трудно решение.

This is a difficult decision.

1

Най-хубавата част от деня е сутринта.

The best part of the day is the morning.

2

Той е изключително талантлив музикант.

He is an extremely talented musician.

3

Старите сгради са реставрирани.

The old buildings are restored.

4

Тя имаше сериозни намерения.

She had serious intentions.

1

Това е единственият възможен изход.

This is the only possible exit.

2

Неговите дълбоки познания са впечатляващи.

His deep knowledge is impressive.

3

Тя прояви забележителна устойчивост.

She showed remarkable resilience.

4

Всички присъстващи бяха доволни.

All those present were satisfied.

1

Това е фундаментално погрешно твърдение.

This is a fundamentally wrong statement.

2

Тя притежава вродена елегантност.

She possesses innate elegance.

3

Всички гореспоменати факти са верни.

All the aforementioned facts are true.

4

Това е един от най-значимите културни паметници.

This is one of the most significant cultural monuments.

容易混淆

Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun) 对比 Adjective vs Adverb

Learners often use the adjective form when they need an adverb.

Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun) 对比 Definite Article Placement

Learners put the article on the noun instead of the adjective.

Position of Adjectives (Before/After Noun) 对比 Gender Agreement

Learners use the masculine form for everything.

常见错误

✗

голям къща

✓

голяма къща

Masculine adjective with feminine noun.
✗

хубаво момче

✓

хубаво момче

Wait, this is correct. Wrong example: хубав момче.
✗

голям кола

✓

голяма кола

Gender mismatch.
✗

синьо книга

✓

синя книга

Neuter adjective with feminine noun.
✗

голям градът

✓

големият град

Article on noun instead of adjective.
✗

хубавият къща

✓

хубавата къща

Masculine article on feminine noun.
✗

новият книги

✓

новите книги

Singular article on plural noun.
✗

най-голям къща

✓

най-голямата къща

Missing agreement in superlative.
✗

красив-ят човек

✓

красивият човек

Hyphenation error.
✗

синьо-то небе

✓

синьото небе

Hyphenation error.
✗

всички присъстващ

✓

всички присъстващи

Plural agreement error.
✗

единственият възможен изходи

✓

единственият възможен изход

Redundant plural.
✗

забележителна устойчивости

✓

забележителна устойчивост

Plural error.
✗

фундаментално погрешни твърдение

✓

фундаментално погрешно твърдение

Agreement error.

句型

Това е ___ ___.

___ ___ е много хубав.

Аз имам ___ ___.

Това е най-___ ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Една студена бира, моля.

Social media very common

Красив ден!

Job interview common

Имам сериозни намерения.

Travel common

Къде е близката спирка?

Texting constant

Супер филм!

Shopping common

Искам синята рокля.

免费注册查看所有例句
💡

Check the noun

Always look at the noun's ending before choosing your adjective form.
⚠️

Definite articles

Don't put the article on the noun if an adjective is there.
🎯

Listen to the rhythm

Native speakers have a rhythm. If it sounds 'off', it's usually an agreement error.
💬

Diminutives

Bulgarians love using diminutives to sound friendly.

Smart Tips

Identify its gender first.

голям къща → голяма къща

Attach the article to the adjective.

голям градът → големият град

Use the plural adjective ending.

голям книги → големи книги

Remember to keep the agreement.

най-голям къща → най-голямата къща

发音

голяма [gu-lya-ma]

Vowel reduction

Unstressed vowels in Bulgarian are often reduced.

Declarative

Това е хубава къща. ↘

Falling intonation at the end of a statement.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the adjective as a 'shadow' that must copy the noun's outfit.

视觉联想

Imagine a noun wearing a hat. The adjective is a mirror standing in front of it, reflecting the same hat color and style.

Rhyme

Noun or adjective, don't be slow, match the ending, watch it grow!

Story

Once there was a noun named 'Къща' (House). She was very feminine, so she only hung out with adjectives wearing the '-а' dress. One day, a masculine adjective tried to join, but he didn't fit in. He had to change his outfit to '-а' to be invited to the party.

Word Web

голямхубавмалъксиленновстар

挑战

Look around your room and describe 5 objects using an adjective and a noun in Bulgarian.

文化笔记

Bulgarians value directness in descriptions, but often use diminutives for affection.

Bulgarian adjectives evolved from Proto-Slavic inflected forms.

对话开场白

“

Каква е твоята любима храна?

“

Какъв е днешният ден?

“

Кой е най-добрият ти приятел?

“

Каква е най-голямата ти мечта?

日记主题

Describe your house using 5 adjectives.
Describe your best friend.
Write about a beautiful place you visited.
Discuss the qualities of a good leader.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct adjective form.

Това е ___ (голям) къща.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: голяма
Feminine noun requires feminine adjective.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Големият град
Article attaches to the adjective.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Той е добър жена.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той е добра жена
Gender agreement.
Make the sentence definite. Sentence Transformation

Хубава кола.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Хубавата кола
Article on adjective.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Adjectives usually come after the noun in Bulgarian.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
They come before.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Каква е тази къща? Б: Това е ___ къща.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: хубава
Agreement.
Order the words. Sentence Building

къща / голяма / е / това

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Това е голяма къща
Standard word order.
Match the adjective to the noun. Conjugation Drill

___ (нов) книги

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: нови
Plural agreement.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct adjective form.

Това е ___ (голям) къща.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: голяма
Feminine noun requires feminine adjective.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Големият град
Article attaches to the adjective.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Той е добър жена.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той е добра жена
Gender agreement.
Make the sentence definite. Sentence Transformation

Хубава кола.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Хубавата кола
Article on adjective.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Adjectives usually come after the noun in Bulgarian.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
They come before.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Каква е тази къща? Б: Това е ___ къща.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: хубава
Agreement.
Order the words. Sentence Building

къща / голяма / е / това

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Това е голяма къща
Standard word order.
Match the adjective to the noun. Conjugation Drill

___ (нов) книги

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: нови
Plural agreement.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

Yes, almost all adjectives must agree with the noun.

Only for poetic or emphatic reasons.

Both must agree with the noun.

Look at the last letter. Consonant = Masc, -а/-я = Fem, -о/-е = Neut.

Yes, if an adjective is present.

Very few, mostly loanwords.

Spelling rules for the definite article.

Yes, use the plural adjective form.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish low

Noun + Adjective

Word order is reversed.

French low

Noun + Adjective

Word order is reversed.

German high

Adjective + Noun

German has more complex case endings.

Japanese moderate

Adjective + Noun

No gender agreement in Japanese.

Arabic low

Noun + Adjective

Word order is reversed.

Chinese moderate

Adjective + Noun

No inflection in Chinese.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Adjective Agreement: Gender & Number
Next
Common Adjectives (Обикновени прилагателни)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Common Adjectives (Обикновени прилагателни)
A1

Adjectives with Definite Article
A1

Adjectives as Predicates
A1

Colors (Цветове)
A1

Nationalities (Националности)
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！