阿拉伯语派生动词的被动语态(第2-10型)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To make a derived verb passive, change the vowel pattern to 'u-i' while keeping the root intact.
- For Form II (فَعَّلَ), change to (فُعِّلَ): 'عَلَّمَ' (taught) becomes 'عُلِّمَ' (was taught).
- For Form IV (أَفْعَلَ), change to (أُفْعِلَ): 'أَرْسَلَ' (sent) becomes 'أُرْسِلَ' (was sent).
- For Form V (تَفَعَّلَ), change to (تُفُعِّلَ): 'تَعَلَّمَ' (learned) becomes 'تُعُلِّمَ' (was learned).
Overview
المبني للمجهول,意为“为未知者而建”)是一个非常重要的语法点。简单来说,当我们不强调动作的执行者(主语),而想强调动作本身或动作的承受者时,就会使用被动语态。这在新闻报道、学术写作或描述客观事实时非常常见。对于我们中文母语者来说,理解这一点其实并不难,因为中文里我们也有类似的表达方式,比如“书被写了”、“饭被吃了”。نائب الفاعل),它在语法地位上等同于主语,且通常处于主格。理解这一点,对于你将来阅读阿拉伯语文章至关重要。这不仅是语法规则,更是阿拉伯语构词法逻辑的核心体现。أُكِلَ التُّفَّاحُ,苹果被吃了)。فعل متعدي)才能变成被动语态。不及物动词(如“睡觉”、“坐下”)在逻辑上无法承受动作,因此不能使用被动语态。这与中文的逻辑是一致的,我们不会说“他被睡觉了”。此外,被动动词必须与副主语在阴阳性和单复数上保持一致。如果副主语是阴性,动词也要变成阴性形式。这种一致性在中文里是不存在的,中文动词没有词尾变化,这可能是初学者最容易感到困惑的地方,但只要记住“动词要跟着副主语变”这个口诀,就能克服障碍。ضمّ أوله وكسر ما قبل آخره(开头字母加 damma,倒数第二个字母加 kasra)。ضمّ أوله وفتح ما قبل آخره(开头字母加 damma,倒数第二个字母加 fatha)。دَرَّسَ | دُرِّسَ | يُدَرِّسُ | يُدَرَّسُ |كَاتَبَ | كُوتِبَ | يُكَاتِبُ | يُكَاتَبُ |أَرْسَلَ | أُرْسِلَ | يُرْسِلُ | يُرْسَلُ |- 1当执行者未知时:比如“钥匙被丢了”,我们不知道是谁丢的,只关心钥匙的状态。
- 2当执行者不重要时:在新闻中,“会议被取消了”,重点在于会议取消这一事实,而非谁取消了它。
- 3出于礼貌或回避:有时为了不直接指责某人,使用被动语态会显得更加客观委婉。
اُكْتُشِفَ علاجٌ جديدٌ(一种新疗法被发现了)。这里我们强调的是“疗法”的发现,而不是“科学家”这个执行者。在日常生活中,你可能会在大学课堂听到 دُرِّسَ النَّحْوُ(语法课被讲授了),这是一种非常正式且地道的表达。掌握这些场景,能让你在阿拉伯语交流中显得更加专业。- 1忘记了副主语的一致性:中文母语者习惯了动词不变形,常会写出
أُكِلَ البِنْتُ(女孩被吃了,错误),正确的应该是أُكِلَتْ البِنْتُ。因为البِنْتُ是阴性,动词必须加阴性后缀ت。 - 2混淆了及物与不及物动词:有些学生尝试将
جَلَسَ(坐)变成被动,这是错误的。原因在于中文里我们有时会说“座位被坐了”,但阿拉伯语的被动只能针对动作本身,不能直接作用于这种状态动词。 - 3元音变换错误:这是最常见的干扰。中文没有元音变位概念,学生经常忘记在开头加上
damma。请记住:damma是被动语态的“标志性符号”。
alif 会变成 waw?damma 后,为了顺应发音习惯,长元音 a 会转化为 u。Passive Voice Pattern (Past Tense)
| Form | Active | Passive | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
II
|
عَلَّمَ
|
عُلِّمَ
|
Was taught
|
|
III
|
حَاكَمَ
|
حُوكِمَ
|
Was put on trial
|
|
IV
|
أَرْسَلَ
|
أُرْسِلَ
|
Was sent
|
|
V
|
تَعَلَّمَ
|
تُعُلِّمَ
|
Was learned
|
|
VI
|
تَجَاهَلَ
|
تُجُوهِلَ
|
Was ignored
|
|
VII
|
انْكَسَرَ
|
أُنْكُسِرَ
|
Was broken
|
|
VIII
|
احْتَرَمَ
|
أُحْتُرِمَ
|
Was respected
|
|
X
|
اسْتَخْدَمَ
|
أُسْتُخْدِمَ
|
Was used
|
Meanings
The passive voice in Arabic is used when the subject performing the action is unknown, irrelevant, or intentionally omitted.
Unknown Agent
When the doer is not known.
“سُرِقَتِ السَّيَّارَةُ (The car was stolen).”
“قُتِلَ الرَّجُلُ (The man was killed).”
Focus on Object
When the object is more important than the actor.
“أُعْلِنَ عَنِ النَّتَائِجِ (The results were announced).”
“تُمُثِّلَ القَانُونُ (The law was represented).”
Polite Omission
Avoiding blame by not naming the actor.
“أُهْمِلَ المَشْرُوعُ (The project was neglected).”
“أُجِّلَ الِاجْتِمَاعُ (The meeting was postponed).”
Reference Table
| 动词形式 | 过去式被动 (U-I) | 现在式被动 (U-A) | 例句含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Form II
|
durrisa (دُرِّسَ)
|
yudarrasu (يُدَرَّسُ)
|
To be taught
|
|
Form III
|
suu'ida (سُوعِدَ)
|
yusaa'adu (يُسَاعَدُ)
|
To be helped
|
|
Form IV
|
ursila (أُرْسِلَ)
|
yursalu (يُرْسَلُ)
|
To be sent
|
|
Form V
|
tufu''ila (تُفُعِّلَ)
|
yutafa''alu (يُتَفَعَّلُ)
|
To be activated
|
|
Form VIII
|
uftu'ila (أُفْتُعِلَ)
|
yufta'alu (يُفْتَعَلُ)
|
To be opened/started
|
|
Form X
|
ustukhdima (اسْتُخْدِمَ)
|
yustakhdamu (يُسْتَخْدَمُ)
|
To be used
|
正式程度
اُتُّخِذَ القَرَارُ (Professional)
تَمَّ اتِّخَاذُ القَرَارِ (Professional)
خَدْنَا القَرَار (Professional)
خَلَّصْنَا (Professional)
阿拉伯语被动语态的世界
过去式 (U-I)
- durrisa 被教导
- ursila 被发送
现在式 (U-A)
- yudarrasu 正在被教导
- yursalu 正在被发送
元音换位游戏
是被动语态吗?
动词开头是“U”音(damma)吗?
是现在时态吗?
你会在哪里看到它
新闻
- • 已公布
- • 已决定
- • 已建成
科技
- • 已发送
- • 已下载
- • 已更新
按水平分级的例句
أَكَلَ الوَلَدُ التُّفَّاحَةَ
The boy ate the apple.
كَتَبَ الطَّالِبُ الدَّرْسَ
The student wrote the lesson.
شَرِبَ الرَّجُلُ المَاءَ
The man drank the water.
فَتَحَ البَابَ
He opened the door.
أُكِلَتِ التُّفَّاحَةُ
The apple was eaten.
كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ
The lesson was written.
شُرِبَ المَاءُ
The water was drunk.
فُتِحَ البَابُ
The door was opened.
أُجِّلَ الِاجْتِمَاعُ لِيَوْمٍ آخَرَ
The meeting was postponed to another day.
أُلْغِيَتِ الرِّحْلَةُ بِسَبَبِ المَطَرِ
The trip was cancelled because of the rain.
أُعْلِنَ عَنِ الفَائِزِ
The winner was announced.
أُصْلِحَتِ السَّيَّارَةُ
The car was repaired.
أُسْتُخْدِمَتِ التِّكْنُولُوجْيَا فِي التَّعْلِيمِ
Technology was used in education.
أُسْتُقْبِلَ الضُّيُوفُ بِحَفَاوَةٍ
The guests were received warmly.
أُعِيدَ النَّظَرُ فِي القَرَارِ
The decision was reconsidered.
أُكْتُشِفَ مَوْقِعٌ أَثَرِيٌّ
An archaeological site was discovered.
أُسْتُحْسِنَ هَذَا الرَّأْيُ مِنَ الجَمِيعِ
This opinion was approved by everyone.
أُسْتُغِلَّتِ المَوَارِدُ بِشَكْلٍ فَعَّالٍ
The resources were utilized effectively.
أُسْتُعِيدَتِ الثِّقَةُ بَيْنَ الطَّرَفَيْنِ
Trust was restored between the two parties.
أُسْتُجِيبَ لِطَلَبَاتِ المُواطِنِينَ
The citizens' requests were responded to.
أُسْتُشْهِدَ بِهَذَا النَّصِّ فِي المَقَالَةِ
This text was cited in the article.
أُسْتُقْصِيَتِ الحَقَائِقُ بِدِقَّةٍ
The facts were investigated with precision.
أُسْتُهْلِكَتِ المِيزَانِيَّةُ بِالكَامِلِ
The budget was consumed entirely.
أُسْتُبْعِدَ الاحْتِمَالُ الأَخِيرُ
The last possibility was excluded.
容易混淆
Both look similar in Form V.
Both mean the same thing.
Mixing up the actor.
常见错误
أكلت التفاحة
أُكِلَتِ التُّفَّاحَةُ
كتب الطالب الدرس
كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ
أُسْتُخْدِمَ الحاسوبُ
أُسْتُخْدِمَ الحَاسُوبُ
أُسْتُقْبِلَ الضيوفُ
أُسْتُقْبِلَ الضُّيُوفُ
句型
أُ___ (verb) الـ ___ (noun).
لَمْ يُ___ (verb) الـ ___ (noun).
سَيُ___ (verb) الـ ___ (noun) غَداً.
هَلْ أُ___ (verb) الـ ___ (noun)؟
Real World Usage
أُعْلِنَ عَنِ الفَائِزِ.
أُبْطِلَ العَقْدُ.
أُسْتُخْدِمَتِ المَنْهَجِيَّةُ.
أُجِّلَ الِاجْتِمَاعُ.
أُعْجِبَ بِالصُّورَةِ.
أُرْسِلَتِ الرِّسَالَةُ.
“U-I”和“U-A”小秘诀
别说“被谁”
隐藏的“Waw”
Smart Tips
Use passive to sound objective.
Use passive to avoid guessing.
Use passive to keep it neutral.
Use passive to highlight the outcome.
发音
Damma emphasis
The initial 'u' must be clear and short.
Formal Statement
Sentence ends with a slight drop.
Objective reporting.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember 'U-I' (You-I) — You are the object, I am the vowel.
视觉联想
Imagine a heavy box (the object) being moved by an invisible hand. The box is the focus, the hand is hidden.
Rhyme
First is U, middle is I, the actor hides, the object is high.
Story
The king (the actor) is gone. The crown (the object) is placed on the table. The crown 'was placed' (wudi'a). No one knows who did it.
Word Web
挑战
Take 5 active sentences from a news article and convert them to passive in 5 minutes.
文化笔记
Used in news and official documents to maintain neutrality.
Rarely used; 'tam' + masdar is preferred.
Avoided in speech; sounds too 'bookish'.
Derived from the Semitic root system where vowel patterns carry grammatical meaning.
对话开场白
هل أُعْلِنَ عَنِ النَّتَائِجِ؟
هَلْ أُجِّلَ الِاجْتِمَاعُ؟
أَيْنَ أُسْتُخْدِمَ هَذَا الجِهَازُ؟
هَلْ أُكْتُشِفَ شَيْءٌ جَدِيدٌ؟
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
الرِّسَالَةُ ___ (أَرْسَلَ) أَمْسِ.
Choose the passive present form:
Find and fix the mistake:
دَرَّسَ العَرَبِيَّةُ (Darrasa al-arabiyya) - The Arabic language was taught.
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises___ الدَّرْسُ.
Find and fix the mistake:
What is wrong?
Select one.
Reorder.
Select.
Select.
عَلَّمَ -> ?
Select.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
5 exercisesThe video is being filmed.
Match these forms:
الرَّابِطُ / أُرْسِلَ
Choose the correct past passive form:
الإِيمِيلُ ___ (أَرْسَلَ) آلآن.
Score: /5
常见问题 (8)
No, only transitive verbs.
It sounds too formal.
Use 'min qibal' (by).
No, they are different.
It becomes the subject.
Yes, very common.
Yes, usually avoided.
It is consistent.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se + verb
Arabic changes the verb itself; Spanish adds a particle.
Être + participe passé
Arabic is synthetic; French is analytic.
Werden + Partizip II
Arabic does not use auxiliary verbs for passive.
-(r)areru
Arabic is internal; Japanese is suffixal.
Bei (被)
Chinese uses a preposition-like marker.
Internal Passive
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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