Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The passive voice shifts focus from the doer to the action by changing vowel patterns in the verb.
- Change the first vowel to a damma (u) and the penultimate to a kasra (i). Example: kutiba (was written).
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
- The original doer is omitted or introduced with 'min qibal' (by).
Overview
الْمَبْنِيُّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ (al-mabniyyu lil-majhūli)，字面意思是“为未知者而建”。be 动词（比如 was/is eaten），而是通过改变动词内部的元音符号来完成。这就像是给动词做了一次“变声手术”。الْمَبْنِيُّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ，你就能表达出这种细腻的语境，让你的阿拉伯语听起来更地道、更专业。这就像是在写微信朋友圈或写论文时，使用被动句能让你显得更客观、更有逻辑。别担心，这套规则非常规律，只要掌握了元音变换的口诀，你很快就能像母语者一样运用自如！- 1动词内部元音的重构：这是最核心的部分。主动词的元音会被特定的被动元音模式取代。
- 2宾语变主语：在主动句中，动作的承受者是宾语（
مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ），但在被动句中，它会“晋升”为句子的主语，我们称之为نَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ(na'ib al-fa'il)，意为“代理主语”。这个نَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ必须遵循主格规则（通常以damma结尾）。
كَتَبَ أَحْمَدُ الرِّسَالَةَ (艾哈迈德写了信)。أَحْمَدُ 是主语，الرِّسَالَةَ 是宾语（注意它是 a 结尾）。كُتِبَتِ الرِّسَالَةُ (信被写了)。الرِّسَالَةُ 变成了 u 结尾，它成了句子的“代理主语”，而原本的执行者艾哈迈德直接被“隐藏”了，不需要出现。这种结构非常简洁，直接把重点放在了“信”上。这与中文的被动句结构有异曲同工之妙，但阿拉伯语通过词形变化（Morphology）而非词汇添加（Auxiliary words）来实现，这正是其魅力所在。فَعَلَ）。- 1过去式被动：口诀是“首变
u，次变i”。
- 主动：
كَتَبَ(kataba) -> 被动：كُتِبَ(kutiba) - 主动：
فَتَحَ(fataḥa) -> 被动：فُتِحَ(futiḥa)
- 1现在式被动：口诀是“首变
u，次变a”。
- 主动：
يَكْتُبُ(yaktubu) -> 被动：يُكْتَبُ(yuktabu) - 主动：
يَفْتَحُ(yaftaḥu) -> 被动：يُفْتَحُ(yuftaḥu)
فَعَلَ | فُعِلَ | كَتَبَ | كُتِبَ |يَفْعَلُ | يُفْعَلُ | يَكْتُبُ | يُكْتَبُ |- 1动作执行者未知：比如“钱被偷了”，你不知道是谁偷的，所以只能说
سُرِقَ الْمَالُ。 - 2动作执行者不重要：在新闻报道中，比如“会议在早上举行”，重点是会议本身，而不是谁举行了会议，所以说
عُقِدَ الِاجْتِمَاعُ صَبَاحًا。 - 3出于礼貌或委婉：如果你想指出某人的错误，但不想直接指责对方，可以用被动语态。比如“错误被犯下了”而不是“你犯了错”。
- 1硬套“被”字逻辑：中文习惯用“被”字，很多同学会试图在阿拉伯语里找一个对应的词。记住，阿拉伯语不需要词，只需要“变元音”。没有“被”这个词！
- 2忽略代理主语的格位变化：中文没有格位变化，所以同学常忘记把
نَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ改成主格（damma）。一定要记得，一旦变成被动，宾语就变成了主语，必须用主格！ - 3过度使用被动语态：中文里被动句有时显得生硬，阿拉伯语也是。如果动作执行者很明确且重要，尽量用主动句。不要为了练习而强行把所有句子都改成被动，那样听起来会很奇怪。
مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَعْلُومِ) | 被动语态 (مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ) |a 结尾) | 消失（或变成主格） |- 1问：所有的动词都能变被动吗？
- 1问：如果我想在被动句里加上“被谁做的”该怎么办？
بِوَاسِطَةِ (通过...)，但这在初级阶段不推荐，因为这更接近英语的翻译腔。- 1问：元音符号一定要写出来吗？
Passive Voice Past Tense (Form I)
| Pronoun | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
|
Huwa
|
Kataba
|
Kutiba
|
|
Hiya
|
Katabat
|
Kutibat
|
|
Anta
|
Katabta
|
Kutibta
|
|
Anti
|
Katabti
|
Kutibti
|
|
Ana
|
Katabtu
|
Kutibtu
|
|
Nahnu
|
Katabna
|
Kutibna
|
Meanings
The passive voice is used to describe an action where the agent (doer) is unknown, irrelevant, or intentionally hidden.
Unknown Agent
When the person performing the action is not known.
“سُرِقَ المَالُ (The money was stolen).”
“وُجِدَ المِفْتَاحُ (The key was found).”
Focus on Object
When the result or the object is more important than the actor.
“طُبِخَ الطَّعَامُ (The food was cooked).”
“بُنِيَ المَنْزِلُ (The house was built).”
Reference Table
| 时态 | 模式名称 | 元音变化 | 例子 (词根 K-S-R) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
过去
|
Fu'ila
|
u ... i
|
`kusira` (it was broken)
|
|
现在
|
Yuf'alu
|
u ... a
|
`yuksar` (it is broken)
|
|
主动过去
|
Fa'ala
|
a ... a
|
`kasara` (he broke)
|
|
主动现在
|
Yaf'alu
|
a ... u/i/a
|
`yaksiru` (he breaks)
|
正式程度
أُتِمَّ التَّقْرِيرُ (Work)
تَمَّ إِنْهَاءُ التَّقْرِيرِ (Work)
خَلَّصْنَا التَّقْرِيرَ (Work)
خَلَّصْنَا الشُّغْلَ (Work)
被动语态机制
过去时态
- فُعِلَ Fu'ila (u-i)
现在时态
- يُفْعَلُ Yuf'alu (u-a)
主要规则
- 隐藏动作发出者 No Subject
主动语态 vs 被动语态 元音
我应该使用被动语态吗？
你想说清楚是谁做的动作吗？
动作发出者是未知或不重要的吗？
常见的被动语态使用场景
新闻与媒体
- • Qutila (was killed)
- • U'lina (was announced)
日常生活
- • Kusira (was broken)
- • Fuqida (was lost)
按水平分级的例句
كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ
The lesson was written.
أُكِلَ الطَّعَامُ
The food was eaten.
فُتِحَ البَابُ
The door was opened.
سُرِقَ المَالُ
The money was stolen.
يُكْتَبُ الدَّرْسُ
The lesson is being written.
يُؤْكَلُ الطَّعَامُ
The food is being eaten.
يُفْتَحُ البَابُ
The door is being opened.
يُسْرَقُ المَالُ
The money is being stolen.
قُرِئَ الكِتَابُ بِاهْتِمَامٍ
The book was read with interest.
تَمَّ بِنَاءُ المَدْرَسَةِ
The school was built.
عُرِفَ الحَقِيقَةُ
The truth was known.
وُجِدَ الحَلُّ
The solution was found.
يُعْتَقَدُ أَنَّهُ مُذْنِبٌ
It is believed that he is guilty.
تُقَدَّمُ القَهْوَةُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ
Coffee is served in the morning.
يُحْتَرَمُ القَانُونُ
The law is respected.
تُنُوقِشَتِ المَسْأَلَةُ
The issue was discussed.
يُشَارُ إِلَى أَنَّ الأَسْعَارَ ارْتَفَعَتْ
It is pointed out that prices have risen.
تُتَّخَذُ الإِجْرَاءَاتُ اللَّازِمَةُ
The necessary measures are being taken.
يُتَوَقَّعُ نُمُوٌّ اقْتِصَادِيٌّ
Economic growth is expected.
تُعَدُّ هَذِهِ القَضِيَّةُ حَسَّاسَةً
This issue is considered sensitive.
يُسْتَشَفُّ مِنَ النَّصِّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ حَزِينًا
It is inferred from the text that he was sad.
تُؤْثَرُ عَنِ العَرَبِ حِكَمٌ كَثِيرَةٌ
Many proverbs are attributed to the Arabs.
يُسْتَعَاضُ عَنِ القَدِيمِ بِالجَدِيدِ
The old is replaced by the new.
تُسْتَنْبَطُ الأَحْكَامُ مِنَ القُرْآنِ
Rulings are derived from the Quran.
容易混淆
Both can look similar to passive.
Learners forget to change vowels.
Often used as a passive substitute.
常见错误
Kataba al-darsu
Kutiba al-darsu
Kutiba al-darsa
Kutiba al-darsu
Kutiba Ahmad
Kutiba al-darsu
Kutib al-darsu
Kutiba al-darsu
Yaktubu al-darsu
Yuktabu al-darsu
Yuktiba al-darsu
Yuktabu al-darsu
Yuktabu al-darsa
Yuktabu al-darsu
Kutibat al-babu
Kutiba al-babu
Kutiba al-bintu
Kutibat al-bintu
Kutiba min Ahmad
Kutiba min qibal Ahmad
Yustakhdamu al-adawat
Tustakhdamu al-adawat
Yustakhdamu al-kitab
Yustakhdamu al-kitabu
Yustakhdamu min qibal al-nas
Yustakhdamu min qibal al-nasi
句型
___ (passive verb) ___ (subject).
___ (present passive) ___ (subject).
___ (passive) ___ (subject) min qibal ___. (agent)
Yutawaqqa'u an ___ (passive verb) ___ (subject).
Real World Usage
قُتِلَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخَاصٍ
تُعَدُّ هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةُ مُهِمَّةً
تَمَّ نَشْرُ الصُّورَةِ
تَمَّ الإِرْسَالُ
يُتَوَقَّعُ مِنَ المُرَشَّحِ...
تَمَّ تَجْهِيزُ الطَّلَبِ
“U”音开头
Qutila ar-rajulu.” (那个人被杀了。)不能用“By”
Kataba Ahmad al-kitāb.” (艾哈迈德写了这本书。)礼貌性回避
Kusirat al-zahriyyah.” (花瓶被打碎了。)Smart Tips
Use passive to sound objective.
Use passive to avoid guessing.
Use passive to focus on steps.
Use passive to soften the blow.
发音
Damma (u)
Rounded lips, short sound.
Kasra (i)
Smile, short sound.
Statement
Kutiba al-darsu ↓
Falling intonation for facts.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember 'U-I' for the Past (You-I) and 'U-A' for the Present (You-Are).
视觉联想
Imagine a ghost holding a pen (the doer is invisible). The pen is writing the book by itself.
Rhyme
Past is U-I, Present is U-A, hide the doer, keep the day.
Story
The king's crown was stolen. The guards didn't know who. 'Suriqa al-taj' (The crown was stolen). The thief remained a mystery.
Word Web
挑战
Look around your room and describe 3 things using the passive voice (e.g., 'The light was turned on').
文化笔记
Passive is preferred in news to maintain neutrality.
Passive is often replaced by 'it-' prefix or 'tam' + masdar.
Similar to Egyptian, uses 'in-' or 'tam'.
Rooted in Semitic morphological patterns.
对话开场白
Hal kutiba al-darsu?
Hal yuktabu al-kitabu?
Hal tu'tabaru hadhihi al-qadiyya muhimma?
Hal yutawaqqa'u nujuh al-mashru'?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
The door ___ (was opened) yesterday. (Root: F-T-H)
Futiḥa 符合这个模式。Fataḥa 是主动语态（他打开了），Yuftaḥu 是现在时（正在被打开）。You want to say 'The apple was eaten' without saying who did it.
Find and fix the mistake:
Kutiba ad-darsu min qibal al-ustādh. (The lesson was written by the teacher).
min qibal) 来指明动作的执行者。如果你想提及老师，你必须回到主动语态。Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises___ al-darsu.
Find and fix the mistake:
Kutiba al-darsa.
Choose the passive verb.
___ al-darsu.
Can you say 'Kutiba al-darsu Ahmad'?
A: Man kataba al-darsa? B: ___.
Order: al-darsu / kutiba / min qibal / al-mudarrisi.
Passive of 'Kataba' for 'Hiya'.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe news ___ (is heard) every night. (Root: S-M-A)
was broken / The glass / yesterday
Select the word that is in the Passive voice.
Pair the active verbs with their passive counterparts.
It was known.
Suriqa al-sayyāra. (The car was stolen).
To make 'Qatala' (he killed) passive, we change vowels to get ___.
Yuhzamu al-farīq. (The team is being defeated).
Connect the vowel pattern to the correct tense.
The milk / was drunk
Translate: Wujida
When would you use 'Nuqila' (was transferred)?
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
To hide the doer or focus on the object.
Use u-i-a pattern.
Use u-a pattern.
Yes, use 'min qibal'.
Very common in formal Arabic.
Forgetting the nominative case.
Similar concept, different formation.
Yes, all forms have passive.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se vende / Fue vendido
Arabic is morphological; Spanish is syntactic.
Il est mangé
French uses auxiliary verbs.
Es wird gegessen
German is analytical.
Taberareru
Japanese is agglutinative.
Majhul
None.
Bei
Chinese is isolating.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
相关视频
Related Grammar Rules
阿拉伯语被动语态：正式的客观表达 (Al-Majhul)
### Overview 在阿拉伯语的学习中，理解并掌握被动语态（`Al-Majhul`，意为“未知的”）是迈向C1高级水平的关键门槛。对于我们母语...
阿拉伯语被动语态：“被做了”(Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
### Overview 在学习阿拉伯语的过程中，我们会接触到一个非常重要的语法概念，叫做“被动语态”，在阿拉伯语中称为 `المبني للمجه...
被动语态：隐藏执行者 (Majhul)
### Overview 在阿拉伯语语法中，被动语态被称为 `المبني للمجهول` (al-mabnī li-l-majhūl)，字面意思是“为未知者而建”。对于我...
阿拉伯语被动现在时：'Yu- ... -a-' 模式
### Overview 在阿拉伯语学习中，掌握“被动语态”（Passive Voice）是进阶的关键。简单来说，当我们不关心是谁做了某件事，或者想...
过去被动语态：“它被做了”模式 (U-I-A)
### Overview 你好！欢迎来到阿拉伯语语法的世界。今天我们要学习一个非常实用且优雅的语法点——“过去被动语态”（Past Passive）...
