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B1 verb #6,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

Belegen

to top; to cover with (e.g., bread)

At the A1 level, you only need to know 'belegen' in the context of food. Think of it as 'making a sandwich'. When you have a piece of bread (Brot) and you put cheese (Käse) or ham (Schinken) on top of it, you are 'belegen'-ing the bread. It is a very useful word for breakfast or when you go to a bakery. You will see signs for 'belegte Brötchen', which just means sandwiches made on rolls. At this stage, just remember the pattern: 'Ich belege mein Brot mit...' followed by what you like to eat. It is a simple action of putting one thing on top of another. You might also hear 'Der Platz ist belegt', which means 'The seat is taken'. This is helpful when traveling on a bus or train. Keep it simple: food toppings and occupied seats are the two main things to remember. Don't worry about the more complex meanings like 'proving' or 'university courses' yet; those will come later. Focus on the physical act of laying something on a surface.
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At the A2 level, you expand your use of 'belegen' to include more variety in food and basic daily situations. You should be comfortable using it for pizzas, sandwiches, and even cakes (though less common). You also start to use the past tense: 'Ich habe gestern eine Pizza belegt'. This level also introduces the idea of 'belegt' as an adjective more frequently. If you call someone and their phone is busy, the operator might say 'Die Leitung ist belegt'. If you go to a hotel and there are no rooms, they are 'belegt'. You are moving from just the action to describing the result of that action. You should also start to notice the word in sports or competitions. If someone comes in third place, you say: 'Er belegte den dritten Platz'. This is a very common way to describe rankings. The core idea remains 'occupying' or 'covering' a space, whether it's a piece of bread, a telephone line, or a position in a race. It's a versatile verb that helps you describe where things or people are located in a system.
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At the B1 level, 'belegen' becomes an essential word for university life and formal documentation. This is where you learn that you don't just 'take' a course, you 'belegen' it. 'Ich habe dieses Semester einen Deutschkurs belegt' is a standard B1 sentence. You also start using 'belegen' to mean 'to prove' or 'to document'. If you apply for a visa or a job, you must 'belegen' your qualifications with certificates (Zeugnisse). This is a shift from physical objects to abstract concepts like 'proof' and 'enrollment'. You should understand that 'belegen' implies a certain level of formality. It's not just saying something is true; it's providing the paperwork to show it. In writing, you will use it to structure arguments: 'Diese Statistik belegt, dass...' (This statistic proves that...). You should also be aware of the difference between 'belegen' and similar verbs like 'bestreichen' (to spread) or 'beweisen' (to prove logically). Mastering these distinctions is a hallmark of the B1 level. You are now using the word in culinary, academic, legal, and social contexts with confidence.
At the B2 level, you use 'belegen' with more nuance and in more complex grammatical structures. You might use the passive voice: 'Der Kurs wurde von vielen Studenten belegt'. You also use it in professional contexts, such as 'einen Platz in der Rangliste belegen' or 'die vorderen Plätze belegen'. The meaning of 'proving' becomes more sophisticated; you use it to discuss scientific evidence or historical facts. 'Wissenschaftliche Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit der Therapie'. You are expected to use the word accurately in essays to support your claims. Furthermore, you might encounter more specialized uses, such as 'einen Text mit Zitaten belegen' (to support a text with quotes). This is crucial for academic writing. You also understand the metaphorical uses, such as a 'belegte Stimme' (a husky or hoarse voice), where it feels like the vocal cords are 'covered' by something. At B2, your vocabulary is rich enough to choose 'belegen' over simpler words like 'zeigen' or 'machen' because it conveys a more precise meaning of documentation and occupation.
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At the C1 level, 'belegen' is used with high precision in academic, legal, and literary contexts. You understand the subtle differences between 'belegen', 'untermauern' (to underpin), and 'verifizieren' (to verify). You use 'belegen' to describe how data supports complex theories. You might also encounter it in historical contexts, such as 'mit einem Bann belegen' (to place under a ban/excommunication) or 'mit Steuern belegen' (to impose taxes on something). These are more abstract uses where 'belegen' means 'to apply a status or a burden to something'. Your use of the word is fluid and natural, and you can identify when it's being used ironically or metaphorically. For example, in literature, a character's silence might be 'belegt' with meaning. You also have a deep understanding of word families, such as 'Beleg' (receipt/proof) and 'Belegung' (occupancy/allocation). Your ability to use the noun forms correctly alongside the verb shows your advanced command of German. You can navigate the most formal levels of the language where 'belegen' is a standard tool for rigorous argumentation.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'belegen' in all its archaic, technical, and metaphorical forms. You can use it in legal jargon to discuss 'Belegpflicht' (the duty to provide evidence) or in technical fields like computer science to discuss 'Speicherbelegung' (memory allocation). You understand the etymological roots and how they influence the word's modern nuances. You can appreciate and use the word in high-level literary analysis, discussing how an author 'belegt' their narrative with historical motifs. You are also sensitive to the prosody of the word—how it sounds in a sentence and where to place the emphasis for maximum impact. Whether you are discussing the 'Belegung' of a frequency in telecommunications or the way a pizza is 'belegt' in a gourmet food review, you do so with the ease of a native speaker. The word has no secrets from you; you see the connection between the ham on the bread and the quote in the dissertation as two sides of the same linguistic coin: the act of covering a base with something significant.
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例句

Belegen 30秒了解

  • Primarily used for topping bread or pizza with ingredients like cheese or ham.
  • Commonly means 'occupied' or 'taken' when referring to seats, rooms, or phone lines.
  • Used in academic settings to mean 'taking/enrolling in a course'.
  • Essential for formal contexts to mean 'proving' or 'documenting' a claim with evidence.

The German verb belegen is a multifaceted powerhouse of the German language, though at the B1 level, its most tangible and frequent application relates to the culinary world—specifically, the art of preparing open-faced sandwiches or pizzas. In a literal sense, it means to cover a surface with something, usually in layers. When you walk into a German bakery (Bäckerei), you will see 'belegte Brötchen' (topped rolls). This is not just about putting food on bread; it is the act of assembly. However, the versatility of belegen extends far beyond the kitchen. It is used to describe the act of occupying a space, such as a seat on a train or a room in a hotel. Furthermore, in academic and professional settings, it refers to the act of providing proof, evidence, or documentation for a claim. If you make a statement in a German university essay, you must belegen your arguments with sources. Lastly, it is the standard term for enrolling in or 'taking' a specific course or module in an educational context.

Culinary Use
To put toppings like cheese, ham, or vegetables on bread or dough. Example: 'Ich belege die Pizza mit Salami.'

Kannst du bitte das Brot für das Picknick belegen?

In daily life, you will hear this word most often during breakfast or when ordering food. A 'belegtes Brot' is a staple of German 'Abendbrot' culture. Beyond food, if you are at a library and see a jacket on a chair, that chair is 'belegt' (occupied). This transition from physical covering to abstract occupation is key to mastering the word. In a more formal context, a doctor might 'belegen' a diagnosis with medical test results, or a student might 'belegen' a Spanish course. The word essentially conveys the idea of 'filling a slot' or 'covering a requirement'.

Academic Context
To enroll in a course (e.g., 'einen Kurs belegen') or to prove something with evidence.

Er muss seine Thesen mit Fakten belegen.

Understanding the prefix 'be-' is crucial here. In German, 'be-' often turns an intransitive action into a transitive one that affects an object completely. While 'legen' means simply 'to lay', 'belegen' means 'to lay something onto something else' in a way that covers or occupies it. This is why you 'belegst' a piece of bread, but you 'legst' the cheese onto the bread. The focus of 'belegen' is the bread itself becoming 'topped'.

Occupational Use
To occupy a place or rank. Example: 'Sie belegte den ersten Platz im Marathon.'

Alle Zimmer im Hotel sind bereits belegt.

Die Leitung ist leider belegt.

Ich habe dieses Semester drei Seminare belegt.

Using belegen correctly requires an understanding of its transitive nature. It always takes an accusative object—the thing that is being covered or occupied. When talking about food, the structure is typically: [Subject] + [belegen] + [Accusative Object: The Base] + mit + [Dative Object: The Topping]. For example, 'Ich belege das Brot mit Käse.' Here, 'das Brot' is what you are acting upon, and 'Käse' is the tool or material you use. This 'mit' construction is vital for culinary contexts. If you omit the 'mit', you are likely using one of the other meanings, such as 'einen Kurs belegen' (to take a course) where the course itself is the object.

The 'With' Construction
Subject + belegen + [Object] + mit + [Topping]. Example: 'Er belegt den Teig mit Tomaten.'

Wir belegen unsere Brötchen morgens immer frisch mit Schinken und Ei.

In the past tense, 'belegen' is a regular (weak) verb. The past participle is 'belegt' and the simple past is 'belegte'. For example: 'Gestern habe ich mein Brot mit Honig belegt.' It is important to distinguish this from the adjective 'belegt'. When you say 'Das Brot ist belegt', you are describing its state (it is already topped). When you say 'Ich habe das Brot belegt', you are describing the action you performed. This distinction is common in German passive-like state descriptions (Zustandspassiv).

Academic Proof
Structure: [Subject] + [belegen] + [Statement/Theory] + durch/mit + [Evidence]. Example: 'Die Studie belegt den Klimawandel.'

Können Sie Ihre Ausgaben mit Quittungen belegen?

When discussing courses or workshops, the usage is straightforward: 'einen Platz belegen' or 'einen Kurs belegen'. Here, there is no 'mit'. You are simply 'occupying' a spot in that class. 'Ich habe den Fotokurs belegt' means 'I enrolled in and am taking the photography course.' This is a very common way to talk about university life in Germany. If you are a student, you will 'belegen' many 'Module' throughout your degree.

Occupying Space
Used for seats, rooms, or positions. Example: 'Der Parkplatz ist von einem LKW belegt.'

Alle vorderen Plätze waren schon belegt, als wir ankamen.

Die Wissenschaftlerin konnte ihre Theorie eindeutig belegen.

Warum hast du das Brot mit so viel Zwiebeln belegt?

In Germany, you will encounter belegen in several distinct environments. The most common is the local 'Bäckerei' (bakery). If you want a quick lunch, you look for 'belegte Brötchen'. These are pre-made sandwiches, often featuring 'Wurst' (cold cuts), 'Käse' (cheese), and a slice of cucumber or tomato. The baker 'belegt' the rolls early in the morning. You might also hear it at a 'Pizzeria' when discussing what to put on the pizza base. The chef 'belegt die Pizza' with your chosen toppings. It is a word rooted in the preparation of food that involves layers.

At the Bakery
'Haben Sie auch frisch belegte Brötchen mit Putenbrust?' (Do you also have freshly topped rolls with turkey breast?)

Ich hätte gerne ein mit Käse belegtes Baguette.

The second major environment is the 'Universität' (university). During enrollment periods ('Einschreibung'), students discuss which 'Kurse' they want to 'belegen'. You might hear someone say, 'Ich konnte den Kurs nicht belegen, weil er schon voll war' (I couldn't take the course because it was already full). Here, 'belegen' is synonymous with 'signing up for' or 'attending'. It implies a formal commitment to a specific slot in the curriculum. Similarly, in a library or a shared office, you might hear 'Ist dieser Platz belegt?' (Is this seat taken?). This is the most polite way to ask if you can sit down.

On Public Transport
'Entschuldigung, ist dieser Sitzplatz belegt?' (Excuse me, is this seat occupied?)

Alle Plätze im Zug waren durch Reservierungen belegt.

In the world of news and science, 'belegen' is used when journalists or researchers talk about 'Beweise' (evidence). You will hear phrases like 'Studien belegen, dass...' (Studies prove that...). This is a high-frequency term in formal German media. It suggests a level of certainty backed by data. If a politician makes a claim, the opposition will demand that they 'belegen' it with facts. It is the verb of accountability and verification.

In the News
'Die neuen Zahlen belegen einen wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung.' (The new figures prove an economic recovery.)

Die Wirksamkeit des Medikaments ist wissenschaftlich belegt.

Welche Kurse hast du für das nächste Semester belegt?

A frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing belegen with bestreichen or bedecken. While all involve covering something, the nuances are distinct. You 'bestreichen' a bread with something spreadable like butter, jam, or Nutella (using a knife to spread). You 'belegen' a bread with solid items like slices of cheese, ham, or tomatoes. If you say 'Ich belege das Brot mit Butter', a German might imagine you putting whole blocks of butter on the bread rather than spreading it! Always use 'bestreichen' for spreads and 'belegen' for toppings.

Belegen vs. Bestreichen
Belegen = to top with solid slices. Bestreichen = to spread with something soft.

Ich bestreiche das Brot mit Butter und belege es dann mit Käse.

Another error occurs in the academic sense. English speakers often want to use 'nehmen' (to take) for courses, saying 'Ich nehme einen Kurs'. While understandable, 'einen Kurs belegen' is the much more natural and professional term in a university context. Using 'nehmen' sounds slightly childish or informal. Additionally, be careful with the word 'beweisen' vs. 'belegen'. While both mean 'to prove', 'belegen' specifically implies providing supporting documents or evidence (to document), whereas 'beweisen' is the broader act of proving something is true, often in a logical or legal sense.

Belegen vs. Beweisen
Belegen = to provide evidence/documentation. Beweisen = to prove a fact/guilt.

Die Quittung belegt den Kauf, aber sie beweist nicht, dass ich das Geld gestohlen habe.

Finally, remember that 'belegen' is a weak verb. Some learners try to make it strong (like 'liegen' or 'legen'), but it follows the standard pattern: belegen, belegte, hat belegt. Avoid saying 'hat belogen' (which actually means 'has lied') or 'hat belegen'. Stick to the regular conjugation. Also, ensure you use the correct preposition 'mit' for food toppings. Saying 'Ich belege das Brot von Käse' is incorrect.

Conjugation Check
Present: ich belege. Past: ich belegte. Perfect: ich habe belegt.

Hast du den Platz für mich belegt?

Man kann ein Brot nicht mit Marmelade belegen, man bestreicht es.

Depending on the context, there are several alternatives to belegen. If you are specifically talking about covering something completely, bedecken is a strong synonym. However, 'bedecken' is more general (like covering a bed with a blanket) and lacks the 'topping' nuance of 'belegen'. For food specifically, if you are adding ingredients to a pizza, you could also use garnieren (to garnish), though this implies a more decorative or final touch rather than the main substance of the topping.

Belegen vs. Bedecken
'Belegen' is for layers/toppings. 'Bedecken' is for covering something to hide or protect it.

Der Koch belegt den Flammkuchen, während der Schnee die Felder bedeckt.

In the context of evidence or proof, nachweisen is a very close synonym. While 'belegen' means to provide the documents to support a claim, 'nachweisen' emphasizes the successful demonstration of the truth. If you 'belegst' your identity with a passport, you 'weist nach' that you are who you say you are. In university settings, 'einen Kurs besuchen' (to attend a course) is a common alternative to 'einen Kurs belegen', though 'besuchen' focuses on the physical attendance rather than the formal registration.

Belegen vs. Nachweisen
'Belegen' = to document. 'Nachweisen' = to prove/verify.

Er konnte seine Anwesenheit durch ein Foto belegen und so seine Unschuld nachweisen.

For the meaning of 'occupying a rank', you might use einnehmen. For example, 'Er nimmt den ersten Platz ein'. However, 'belegen' is more common in sports reporting ('Er belegte den ersten Platz'). Finally, if you are talking about covering a floor with carpet, you would use auslegen rather than 'belegen'. Understanding these subtle shifts in prefixes (be-, aus-, ein-, nach-) is the secret to reaching C-level German proficiency.

Occupied: Belegt vs. Besetzt
'Belegt' is common for hotel rooms/courses. 'Besetzt' is more common for phone lines or toilets.

Die Leitung ist besetzt, aber der Kurs ist schon belegt.

Wir sollten das Zimmer mit Teppich auslegen, nicht belegen.

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按水平分级的例句

1

Ich belege das Brot mit Käse.

I am topping the bread with cheese.

Simple present tense. 'Brot' is the accusative object.

2

Belegst du die Pizza mit Salami?

Are you topping the pizza with salami?

Question form. 'Pizza' is accusative.

3

Das Brötchen ist mit Schinken belegt.

The roll is topped with ham.

Passive-like state (Zustandspassiv) using 'ist'.

4

Ist dieser Platz belegt?

Is this seat taken?

Common phrase for asking if a seat is free.

5

Wir belegen die Brote für das Picknick.

We are making the sandwiches for the picnic.

Plural subject 'wir'.

6

Er belegt sein Brot immer mit Honig.

He always puts honey on his bread.

Adverb 'immer' placed after the verb.

7

Meine Mutter belegt die Pizza mit viel Gemüse.

My mother tops the pizza with lots of vegetables.

Third person singular 'belegt'.

8

Hier sind zwei belegte Brötchen.

Here are two topped rolls.

Adjectival use of the participle 'belegte'.

1

Ich habe gestern einen Platz im Kino belegt.

I occupied a seat in the cinema yesterday.

Perfect tense with 'habe' and 'belegt'.

2

Die Leitung ist leider belegt.

The line is unfortunately busy.

Used for telephone lines.

3

Sie belegte den ersten Platz beim Laufen.

She took first place in the race.

Simple past 'belegte' used for rankings.

4

Alle Hotelzimmer sind heute belegt.

All hotel rooms are occupied today.

Plural 'sind' with 'belegt'.

5

Kannst du mir zeigen, wie man die Pizza belegt?

Can you show me how to top the pizza?

Subordinate clause with 'wie'.

6

Ich möchte mein Brot nicht mit Wurst belegen.

I don't want to top my bread with sausage.

Negation with 'nicht'.

7

Die Kinder belegen ihre Pfannkuchen mit Obst.

The children top their pancakes with fruit.

Plural subject 'Kinder'.

8

Warum ist dieser Tisch belegt?

Why is this table occupied?

Question with 'warum'.

1

Ich belege dieses Semester einen Kurs in Geschichte.

I am taking a history course this semester.

Standard university usage.

2

Sie müssen Ihre Ausgaben mit Quittungen belegen.

You must prove your expenses with receipts.

Modal verb 'müssen' with infinitive 'belegen'.

3

Die Studie belegt den Zusammenhang zwischen Stress und Krankheit.

The study proves the connection between stress and illness.

Used for scientific proof.

4

Er konnte seine Behauptung nicht belegen.

He couldn't prove his claim.

Past modal 'konnte'.

5

Welche Seminare hast du für nächstes Jahr belegt?

Which seminars have you enrolled in for next year?

Perfect tense question.

6

Das Dokument belegt, dass er bezahlt hat.

The document proves that he has paid.

Subordinate clause with 'dass'.

7

Ich habe einen Yoga-Kurs im Fitnessstudio belegt.

I signed up for a yoga course at the gym.

Usage for non-academic courses.

8

Die vorderen Plätze im Bus sind für Senioren belegt.

The front seats in the bus are reserved for seniors.

Passive state with 'für'.

1

Die Wirksamkeit der Impfung ist wissenschaftlich belegt.

The effectiveness of the vaccination is scientifically proven.

Adverbial use of 'wissenschaftlich'.

2

Sie belegte bei den Meisterschaften den zweiten Platz.

She took second place at the championships.

Formal sports reporting style.

3

Man kann seine Theorie durch Experimente belegen.

One can support one's theory through experiments.

Impersonal 'man'.

4

Jede Aussage im Text muss mit einer Quelle belegt werden.

Every statement in the text must be supported by a source.

Passive voice with 'werden'.

5

Die Stadt war während des Festivals völlig belegt.

The city was completely booked up during the festival.

Used for hotel/accommodation capacity.

6

Er belegte drei verschiedene Module im Bereich Informatik.

He took three different modules in the field of computer science.

Specific academic term 'Module'.

7

Seine Stimme klang belegt, als ob er eine Erkältung hätte.

His voice sounded husky, as if he had a cold.

Metaphorical use for voice.

8

Die Parkplätze sind oft von Dauerparkern belegt.

The parking spaces are often occupied by long-term parkers.

Used for parking spaces.

1

Die historische Forschung kann diese These nicht eindeutig belegen.

Historical research cannot clearly support this thesis.

High-level academic usage.

2

Die Ware wurde mit einem hohen Zoll belegt.

The goods were subjected to a high customs duty.

Specialized meaning: to impose/subject to.

3

Er belegte seine Argumentation mit zahlreichen Zitaten.

He supported his argument with numerous quotes.

Focus on 'Argumentation'.

4

Die Speicherbelegung des Servers erreichte kritische Werte.

The server's memory allocation reached critical levels.

Noun form 'Belegung' in technical context.

5

Der Papst belegte den Herrscher mit dem Bann.

The Pope excommunicated the ruler.

Archaic/Historical idiom.

6

Es ist schwierig, die langfristigen Folgen zu belegen.

It is difficult to document the long-term consequences.

Abstract usage.

7

Die Frequenz ist durch einen anderen Sender belegt.

The frequency is occupied by another transmitter.

Technical telecommunications usage.

8

Sie belegte ihre Sprachkenntnisse durch ein Zertifikat.

She proved her language skills with a certificate.

Standard for formal proof.

1

Die ontologische Beweisführung lässt sich empirisch kaum belegen.

The ontological argument can hardly be supported empirically.

Highly abstract philosophical usage.

2

Diese Transaktion muss lückenlos belegt werden.

This transaction must be documented without gaps.

Legal/Financial precision.

3

Der Autor belegt seine fiktive Welt mit realistischen Details.

The author layers his fictional world with realistic details.

Literary metaphor.

4

Die Bettenbelegung im Krankenhaus ist besorgniserregend.

The bed occupancy rate in the hospital is worrying.

Compound noun 'Bettenbelegung'.

5

Man belegte ihn mit einem lebenslangen Berufsverbot.

He was slapped with a lifelong professional ban.

Legal imposition.

6

Die linguistische Evidenz belegt den Sprachwandel.

Linguistic evidence documents language change.

Academic precision.

7

Diese Theorie ist durch keinerlei Fakten zu belegen.

This theory cannot be supported by any facts whatsoever.

Construction 'sein + zu + infinitive' (passive meaning).

8

Die Belegung der Tasten kann individuell angepasst werden.

The key mapping can be customized individually.

Technical usage for keybinds.

常见搭配

Brot belegen
einen Kurs belegen
Platz belegen
mit Fakten belegen
mit Quittungen belegen
die Leitung ist belegt
Pizza belegen
Zimmer belegt
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