die Angestellte 30秒了解
- A female employee, typically white-collar or service-oriented.
- Follows adjectival declension (die Angestellte, eine Angestellte).
- Common in office, bank, and administrative contexts.
- Distinguished from manual workers (Arbeiterin) and public servants (Beamtin).
The German noun die Angestellte refers specifically to a female employee. In the German labor market and legal system, this term historically distinguished white-collar workers (salaried employees) from blue-collar workers (hourly wage earners or 'Arbeiter'). Today, while the legal distinctions have blurred, the term remains the standard way to describe someone who works for a company or organization under a contract of employment. It is an 'adjectival noun,' meaning it follows the declension patterns of an adjective rather than a standard noun, which is a crucial grammatical hurdle for learners.
- Gender & Form
- Feminine singular (die Angestellte). The masculine equivalent is 'der Angestellte'.
- Social Status
- Typically implies an office, administrative, or service-oriented role rather than manual labor.
- Legal Context
- Refers to a person in a 'Dienstverhältnis' (service relationship) with a private or public employer.
"Als Angestellte in dieser Firma genießt sie viele Vorteile wie flexible Arbeitszeiten und eine betriebliche Altersvorsorge."
Understanding this word requires looking at the root verb anstellen (to hire/employ). An 'Angestellte' is literally 'one who has been placed' into a position. Unlike a freelancer (Freiberufler) or an entrepreneur (Unternehmer), the Angestellte has a fixed contract, social security contributions paid by the employer, and specific labor law protections. In modern corporate German, you might also hear 'Mitarbeiterin' (female collaborator/employee), which sounds slightly more inclusive and less hierarchical than 'Angestellte'.
"Die neue Angestellte im Marketing hat heute ihren ersten Tag."
The term is deeply embedded in the German 'Sozialversicherungssystem' (social security system). For decades, there were separate insurance funds for 'Angestellte' and 'Arbeiter'. Even though these have merged into the 'Deutsche Rentenversicherung', the cultural identity of being an 'Angestellte'—someone with a stable, professional, non-manual career—remains strong in the German psyche.
Using die Angestellte correctly involves mastering the adjectival declension. This is the most common mistake for A2-B1 learners. You must treat the word 'Angestellte' as if it were an adjective like 'schön' or 'gut' that has been turned into a noun. If there is a definite article (die), it takes the weak ending. If there is an indefinite article (eine) or no article, it takes the strong ending.
- Nominative Case
- Die Angestellte arbeitet hier. (The employee works here.)
- Accusative Case
- Ich suche die Angestellte. (I am looking for the employee.)
- Dative Case
- Ich helfe der Angestellten. (I am helping the employee.)
"Wir suchen eine qualifizierte Angestellte für unsere Buchhaltung." (Indefinite article usage)
In professional correspondence, you will often see the plural form die Angestellten. In the plural, the 'n' is almost always present regardless of the case (Nominative: die Angestellten, Genitive: der Angestellten, Dative: den Angestellten, Accusative: die Angestellten). When writing job advertisements, German law requires gender neutrality, so you will often see 'Angestellte (m/w/d)', where 'd' stands for 'divers'.
"Alle Angestellten sind zur Weihnachtsfeier eingeladen."
You will encounter this word in almost every professional setting in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It is the standard term used in HR (Personalwesen), in contracts (Arbeitsverträge), and in news reports about the labor market. If you go to a bank, the person behind the counter is a 'Bankangestellte'. If you go to a doctor's office, the person managing the reception is often a 'Medizinische Fachangestellte' (MFA).
- At the Office
- Discussing team members or hiring new staff.
- In the News
- Reports on strikes (Streiks der Angestellten im öffentlichen Dienst).
- At the Bank/Insurance
- Describing the staff roles.
"Die Angestellte am Schalter konnte mir bei meinem Problem helfen."
The primary mistakes with die Angestellte are related to its unique grammatical nature as an adjectival noun. Because most German nouns have fixed endings (like -in for females), learners often try to apply those rules here incorrectly.
- Mistake 1: 'Die Angestelltin'
- Incorrect. You cannot add '-in' to an adjectival noun. The feminine is 'die Angestellte'.
- Mistake 2: Declension Errors
- Saying 'mit der Angestellte' instead of 'mit der Angestellten'. After 'der' (dative), the ending must be -en.
- Mistake 3: Confusion with 'Arbeiterin'
- Using 'Angestellte' for a construction worker or factory hand. Use 'Arbeiterin' for manual labor.
Wrong: "Ich bin eine Angestelltin."
Right: "Ich bin eine Angestellte."
While die Angestellte is very common, several synonyms and related terms exist depending on the nuance of the professional relationship or the specific industry.
- Die Mitarbeiterin
- The most common modern synonym. It sounds more like 'team member' and less like 'subordinate'.
- Die Beschäftigte
- A more formal, bureaucratic term often used in statistics or legal texts.
- Die Kollegin
- Used when referring to someone you work alongside (a peer).
- Die Beamtin
- A specific type of public servant with lifelong tenure and different legal status than an 'Angestellte'.
"Suchen wir eine neue Mitarbeiterin oder eine Aushilfe?"
How Formal Is It?
发音指南
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
Adjectival Nouns
Weak vs Strong Declension
Feminine Noun Endings
Dative Prepositions
Genitive Case
按水平分级的例句
Die Angestellte heißt Maria.
The employee is named Maria.
Subject in Nominative case.
Ist sie eine Angestellte?
Is she an employee?
Indefinite article with feminine noun.
Die Angestellte ist hier.
The employee is here.
Simple sentence structure.
Sie ist eine gute Angestellte.
She is a good employee.
Adjective 'gut' before the noun.
Wo ist die Angestellte?
Where is the employee?
Question word 'Wo'.
Die Angestellte arbeitet viel.
The employee works a lot.
Verb 'arbeiten' conjugated for 3rd person singular.
Das ist die Angestellte von der Bank.
That is the employee from the bank.
Preposition 'von' with dative.
Die Angestellte spricht Deutsch.
The employee speaks German.
Present tense.
Ich suche eine neue Angestellte.
I am looking for a new employee.
Accusative case.
Die Angestellte gibt mir das Formular.
The employee gives me the form.
Dative indirect object (mir).
Sie ist seit zwei Jahren Angestellte.
She has been an employee for two years.
Usage without article in professional status.
Die Angestellte im Laden ist sehr nett.
The employee in the shop is very nice.
Prepositional phrase 'im Laden'.
Kennen Sie die Angestellte?
Do you know the employee?
Formal 'Sie' and accusative.
Die Angestellte macht eine Pause.
The employee is taking a break.
Expression 'eine Pause machen'.
Unsere Angestellte hat heute frei.
Our employee has the day off today.
Possessive pronoun 'unsere'.
Die Angestellte schreibt eine E-Mail.
The employee is writing an email.
Transitive verb with object.
Ich habe mit der Angestellten telefoniert.
I talked to the employee on the phone.
Dative case after 'mit'.
Wegen der neuen Angestellten gibt es ein Meeting.
Because of the new employee, there is a meeting.
Genitive case after 'wegen'.
Die Angestellten fordern mehr Gehalt.
The employees are demanding more salary.
Plural form 'die Angestellten'.
Sie ist eine fest angestellte Mitarbeiterin.
She is a permanently employed staff member.
Participle 'angestellt' used as an adjective.
Die Angestellte hat ihren Vertrag unterschrieben.
The employee signed her contract.
Perfect tense with 'haben'.
Wir brauchen eine Angestellte mit Erfahrung.
We need an employee with experience.
Prepositional phrase 'mit Erfahrung'.
Die Angestellte kümmert sich um die Kunden.
The employee takes care of the customers.
Reflexive verb 'sich kümmern um'.
Trotz der Kündigung blieb die Angestellte ruhig.
Despite the dismissal, the employee remained calm.
Genitive case after 'trotz'.
Die Angestellte wurde zur Abteilungsleiterin befördert.
The employee was promoted to department head.
Passive voice 'wurde befördert'.
Als Angestellte im öffentlichen Dienst hat sie Sicherheit.
As an employee in the public service, she has security.
Usage of 'als' for professional roles.
Die Rechte der Angestellten sind gesetzlich geschützt.
The rights of the employees are protected by law.
Genitive plural.
Die Angestellte wies auf die Sicherheitsrisiken hin.
The employee pointed out the security risks.
Separable verb 'hinweisen'.
Viele Angestellte arbeiten heutzutage im Homeoffice.
Many employees work from home nowadays.
Plural without article (strong declension).
Die Angestellte vertritt die Firma auf der Messe.
The employee represents the company at the trade fair.
Verb 'vertreten'.
Eine motivierte Angestellte ist Gold wert.
A motivated employee is worth gold.
Idiomatic expression 'Gold wert sein'.
Die Angestellte legte Widerspruch gegen die Abmahnung ein.
The employee filed an objection against the warning.
Complex noun-verb combination.
Die leitende Angestellte trägt eine hohe Verantwortung.
The senior employee (executive) carries high responsibility.
Compound term 'leitende Angestellte'.
Die Differenzierung zwischen Arbeiterin und Angestellter schwindet.
The differentiation between worker and employee is fading.
Dative singular with indefinite article (Angestellter).
Die Angestellte klagte erfolgreich gegen ihre Kündigung.
The employee successfully sued against her dismissal.
Legal terminology 'klagen gegen'.
Es bedarf einer qualifizierten Angestellten für diese Position.
It requires a qualified employee for this position.
Genitive case after 'bedürfen'.
Die Angestellte fungiert als Schnittstelle zwischen den Abteilungen.
The employee acts as an interface between the departments.
Formal verb 'fungieren'.
Die prekäre Situation vieler Angestellten ist besorgniserregend.
The precarious situation of many employees is worrying.
Genitive plural with 'vieler'.
Die Angestellte zeichnet sich durch hohe Fachkompetenz aus.
The employee is characterized by high professional competence.
Reflexive verb 'sich auszeichnen durch'.
In ihrer Rolle als Angestellte muss sie Loyalität bewahren.
In her role as an employee, she must maintain loyalty.
Abstract noun usage.
Die Angestellte ist das Rückgrat des mittelständischen Unternehmens.
The employee is the backbone of the medium-sized company.
Metaphorical usage.
Das Gros der Angestellten widersetzte sich der Neuregelung.
The majority of the employees opposed the new regulation.
Genitive plural with 'Das Gros'.
Sie ist keine bloße Angestellte, sondern eine strategische Partnerin.
She is not a mere employee, but a strategic partner.
Contrastive conjunction 'sondern'.
Die Angestellte wurde zum Sündenbock für das Managementversagen.
The employee became the scapegoat for the management failure.
Idiomatic 'Sündenbock'.
Trotz ihres Status als Angestellte agiert sie unternehmerisch.
Despite her status as an employee, she acts entrepreneurially.
Adverbial usage 'unternehmerisch'.
Die Fluktuation unter den Angestellten hat sich stabilisiert.
The turnover among the employees has stabilized.
Preposition 'unter' with dative plural.
Die Angestellte genießt weitgehende Autonomie in ihrem Bereich.
The employee enjoys extensive autonomy in her area.
Sophisticated vocabulary 'Autonomie'.
Jede Angestellte ist zur Verschwiegenheit verpflichtet.
Every employee is bound to confidentiality.
Passive construction with 'verpflichtet'.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
Manual vs. non-manual labor.
Private sector employee vs. tenured public servant.
Mitarbeiterin is more general and modern; Angestellte is more formal/legal.
习语与表达
容易混淆
句型
如何使用
In modern German, 'Angestellte' (plural) is often used to include all genders, though 'Mitarbeitende' is becoming more popular.
- Using 'Angestelltin' instead of 'Angestellte'.
- Forgetting the 'n' in the dative case (mit der Angestellten).
- Using 'Angestellte' for manual workers (should be Arbeiterin).
- Using the masculine article 'der' for a female employee.
- Confusing 'Angestellte' with 'Anstellung' (the job position itself).
小贴士
The Adjective Rule
Treat the word exactly like an adjective. If you would say 'die gute Frau', you say 'die Angestellte'. If you say 'eine gute Frau', you say 'eine Angestellte'.
Compound Power
You can add specific industries to the front: Bankangestellte, Hotelangestellte, Büroangestellte. This makes your German sound more precise.
Job Security
Being an 'Angestellte' in Germany comes with many rights. If you are learning this for work, also learn 'Kündigungsschutz' (protection against dismissal).
Natural Flow
In a job interview, use 'Mitarbeiterin' to sound more modern and team-oriented, but use 'Angestellte' when discussing your contract.
Plural Clues
When you hear 'den Angestellten', it is almost always plural dative. This helps you understand if they are talking about one person or many.
Job Ads
When looking at job ads, look for '(m/w/d)' next to 'Angestellte'. This is a legal requirement for gender-neutral hiring.
Visual Association
Visualize a woman in a suit holding a contract. This is the 'Angestellte'. Contrast it with a woman in overalls (Arbeiterin).
Public Service
If someone works for the city, they are an 'Angestellte im öffentlichen Dienst'. This is a very common phrase in Germany.
No -in!
Remind yourself daily: 'Angestellte' is NOT 'Angestelltin'. This is the #1 mistake for this word.
Legal Nuance
Learn the term 'Scheinselbstständigkeit'. It refers to someone who acts like an 'Angestellte' but is officially a freelancer to avoid taxes.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'An-ge-stell-te' as someone who is 'placed' (gestellt) 'at' (an) a desk.
词源
文化背景
In the past, 'Fräulein Angestellte' was used, but now it is strictly 'Frau [Name]'.
Germany has a specific pension system history for Angestellte.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"Sind Sie als Angestellte oder freiberuflich tätig?"
"Wie viele Angestellte hat Ihre Firma?"
"Was schätzen Sie an einer guten Angestellten am meisten?"
"Haben die Angestellten in Ihrem Land viele Urlaubstage?"
"Ist es schwer, als Angestellte im Homeoffice zu arbeiten?"
日记主题
Beschreibe einen typischen Tag einer Angestellten in einem Büro.
Möchtest du lieber Angestellte oder Chefin sein? Warum?
Welche Vorteile hat man als Angestellte in Deutschland?
Schreibe über eine Angestellte, die du bewunderst.
Wie hat sich die Arbeit der Angestellten durch Computer verändert?
常见问题
10 个问题No, 'Angestelltin' is incorrect. Because 'Angestellte' is an adjectival noun, the feminine form is simply 'die Angestellte'. Adding '-in' is a common mistake made by learners.
The plural is 'die Angestellten'. It remains the same in most cases: 'den Angestellten' (dative) and 'der Angestellten' (genitive).
'Angestellte' is a more formal, legal term for a salaried employee. 'Mitarbeiterin' is more common in modern workplaces and sounds more like 'team member'.
It becomes 'einer Angestellten'. For example: 'Ich gebe einer Angestellten das Buch.'
No, 'die Angestellte' is feminine. A man is 'der Angestellte'. However, in the plural 'die Angestellten', it can refer to a mixed group.
Yes, a secretary is a classic example of an 'Angestellte' because she performs administrative office work.
A doctor can be an 'Angestellte' if she works in a hospital. If she has her own practice, she is 'selbstständig'.
It ends in -en in the dative and genitive singular, and in all cases in the plural when a definite article is used.
Yes, it is a formal and professional term. In casual conversation, people might just say 'Kollegin' or 'die von der Arbeit'.
It refers to a senior employee or executive who has significant management responsibilities and authority.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mastering 'die Angestellte' requires understanding that it is a 'substantivized adjective'. Its ending changes based on the article and case, which is unique compared to standard German nouns like 'die Frau' or 'die Lehrerin'.
- A female employee, typically white-collar or service-oriented.
- Follows adjectival declension (die Angestellte, eine Angestellte).
- Common in office, bank, and administrative contexts.
- Distinguished from manual workers (Arbeiterin) and public servants (Beamtin).
The Adjective Rule
Treat the word exactly like an adjective. If you would say 'die gute Frau', you say 'die Angestellte'. If you say 'eine gute Frau', you say 'eine Angestellte'.
Compound Power
You can add specific industries to the front: Bankangestellte, Hotelangestellte, Büroangestellte. This makes your German sound more precise.
Job Security
Being an 'Angestellte' in Germany comes with many rights. If you are learning this for work, also learn 'Kündigungsschutz' (protection against dismissal).
Natural Flow
In a job interview, use 'Mitarbeiterin' to sound more modern and team-oriented, but use 'Angestellte' when discussing your contract.
例句
Die Angestellte im Büro ist sehr freundlich.
相关内容
更多work词汇
abgeben
A2把某物交给某人，比如把作业交给老师或把包裹送到邮局。
absprechen
B1与某人商量或协调某事。
administrativ
B1与行政、管理或组织工作有关的。
aktualisieren
B1更新。使某物符合当前情况，常用于软件或文档。
analog
B1模拟的（技术）或类似的（逻辑）。
Anforderung
B1为了实现目标或获得工作而必须满足的条件或标准。这个项目对技术的要求（Anforderungen）非常高，需要有经验的工程师来完成。
angestellt
B1受雇于某公司或雇主。他在一家跨国公司担任全职员工。
Angestellter
A1一名为公司或他人工作并领取薪水的雇员，通常指白领。
anspruchsvoll
B1要求高的，挑剔的，深奥的。需要大量努力或技能的。
anstatt... zu...
B1与其（做某事）不如；用于表达某种行为的替代方案。
