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verschmutzt

A2 adjective 10分钟阅读

verschmutzt

开始练习例句笔记与提示 verschmutzt 30秒了解

解析 verschmutzt in your Level:

At the A1 level, you primarily learn the word 'schmutzig' for everyday things like dirty hands or a dirty t-shirt. However, you might encounter 'verschmutzt' in very simple contexts, like a sign at a park or a short sentence in a beginner's textbook about the environment. At this stage, you just need to recognize that 'verschmutzt' means 'dirty' but in a more 'official' or 'serious' way. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet, but you should know that it describes things like water (Wasser), air (Luft), or the ground (Boden) when they are not clean. A simple sentence to remember is: 'Das Wasser ist verschmutzt' (The water is polluted). You might also see it on posters about recycling or keeping the city clean. It is a good 'bonus' word to have when you want to talk about the world around you beyond just your immediate personal items.

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At the A2 level, 'verschmutzt' becomes a core part of your vocabulary, especially for the topic of 'Environment and Nature'. You are expected to use it to describe environmental problems. You should understand the difference between 'schmutzig' (my shoes are dirty) and 'verschmutzt' (the river is polluted). You will start using it with simple prepositions like 'durch' (by) to explain the cause: 'Die Luft ist durch Autos verschmutzt.' You also need to start paying attention to adjective endings when 'verschmutzt' comes before a noun, such as 'die verschmutzte Umwelt' or 'verschmutztes Wasser'. This level is where you transition from just recognizing the word to actively using it in discussions about your city, your travels, or global issues. It is a key word for passing the A2 speaking and writing exams when the topic is 'Living in the City' or 'Environmental Protection'.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'verschmutzt' in more complex sentence structures, including subordinate clauses and passive constructions. You will likely use the noun form 'die Verschmutzung' (the pollution) frequently as well. At this level, you should be able to discuss the consequences of something being 'verschmutzt'—for example, how it affects health or wildlife. You will encounter the word in more detailed texts, such as newspaper articles or radio reports. You should also be able to distinguish 'verschmutzt' from more specific terms like 'verunreinigt' (contaminated, often used for food or water) and 'verseucht' (highly toxic/radioactive). Your vocabulary should expand to include common collocations like 'stark verschmutzt' (heavily polluted) or 'umweltverschmutzt'. You are moving beyond simple descriptions to being able to argue for 'saubere Luft' and against 'verschmutzte Meere'.

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At the B2 level, 'verschmutzt' is used in professional and academic discussions. You should be able to use it to describe abstract concepts or highly technical situations. For instance, you might discuss 'verschmutzte Filter' in an engineering context or 'verschmutzte Datensätze' in a discussion about technology. You are expected to use a wide range of synonyms to avoid repetition, choosing between 'verschmutzt', 'belastet', 'kontaminiert', and 'verunreinigt' based on the exact nuance required. You should also be able to use the verb 'verschmutzen' in various tenses and moods. B2 learners often use 'verschmutzt' in the context of political and social debates, discussing 'Grenzwerte' (limit values) for 'verschmutzte Luft' or the 'Verursacherprinzip' (polluter pays principle). Your ability to use the word accurately in a formal essay is a hallmark of this level.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'verschmutzt' is nuanced and precise. You understand the stylistic difference between using the adjective 'verschmutzt' and the participle 'verschmutzend'. You can use the word in metaphorical or literary contexts, perhaps describing a 'verschmutztes Gewissen' (a soiled conscience) or the 'verschmutzte Ästhetik' of a post-industrial landscape. You are aware of the legal and scientific definitions associated with the word in German law (e.g., the Federal Soil Protection Act). You can follow complex lectures on environmental chemistry where 'verschmutzt' is just the starting point for a deeper analysis of 'Schadstoffbelastung'. Your writing should show a sophisticated command of the word, integrating it into complex arguments about sustainability, urban planning, and global ethics without it ever feeling repetitive or out of place.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'verschmutzt'. You can use it with absolute precision in any register, from high-level scientific journals to creative literature. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its related terms. You can identify and use very rare or specialized collocations. You might use the word to critique the 'Verschmutzung' of language (Sprachverschmutzung) or in philosophical discussions about purity and decay. You are capable of explaining the subtle differences between 'verschmutzt' and its closest synonyms to other learners. In a professional environment, you can lead discussions on mitigation strategies for 'verschmutzte Standorte' (polluted sites), using the term with the weight and authority of a native speaker. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile tool in your extensive linguistic toolkit.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

verschmutzt 30秒了解

Verschmutzt means 'polluted' or 'contaminated', primarily used for environmental contexts like air, water, and soil.
It is the formal alternative to 'schmutzig' (dirty) and implies a more serious or harmful level of dirtiness.
Grammatically, it is a past participle used as an adjective, requiring standard adjective endings when placed before a noun.
Commonly paired with 'durch' (by) to name the cause or 'mit' (with) to name the substance of pollution.

The German adjective verschmutzt is a critical term in modern German, particularly within the contexts of environmental science, public health, and general cleanliness. At its core, it describes something that has been made dirty, fouled, or contaminated by external substances. Unlike the simpler word schmutzig (dirty), which might describe a child's hands after playing in the garden, verschmutzt often carries a weightier, more systemic connotation. It suggests a process—the prefix ver- in German frequently denotes a change of state, often one that is detrimental or irreversible. Therefore, verschmutzt isn't just 'dirty'; it is 'polluted' or 'contaminated.' When you see this word in a newspaper, it is likely referring to Umweltverschmutzung (environmental pollution), such as verschmutztes Trinkwasser (contaminated drinking water) or verschmutzte Luft (polluted air).

Environmental Context: This is the most frequent usage. It describes ecosystems, water bodies, or atmospheric conditions that have been compromised by toxins, chemicals, or waste. For example, 'Der Rhein war früher stark verschmutzt' (The Rhine used to be heavily polluted).
Technical or Medical Context: In laboratory or medical settings, it refers to equipment or samples that are no longer sterile. 'Die Probe ist verschmutzt' means the sample is contaminated and cannot be used for accurate testing.
Urban and Social Context: It is used to describe urban blight or areas neglected by sanitation services. A park covered in litter is often described as 'verschmutzt' to emphasize the failure of maintenance.

Wegen des Unfalls ist das Grundwasser in der Region stark verschmutzt.

Translation: Due to the accident, the groundwater in the region is heavily polluted.

Understanding the nuance between 'verschmutzt' and its synonyms is key for A2 learners moving toward B1. While 'dreckig' is informal and 'schmutzig' is neutral-general, 'verschmutzt' is the professional, descriptive choice for serious contamination. You will encounter it in weather reports discussing 'Feinstaub' (fine dust) or in documentaries about the 'Ozeane' (oceans). It is a word that demands action; if something is verschmutzt, it usually needs Reinigung (cleaning) or Sanierung (remediation).

Die Luft in Peking ist oft so verschmutzt, dass man Masken tragen muss.

Nach dem Sturm war der Strand mit Öl verschmutzt.

In summary, use 'verschmutzt' when the 'dirt' has a negative impact on the quality, safety, or health of the object or environment. It is the bridge between everyday vocabulary and environmental discourse.

Using verschmutzt correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective and its derivation from a verb. It can be used predicatively (after a verb like 'sein') or attributively (before a noun). When used before a noun, it must follow German adjective ending rules, which can be tricky for learners. Let's break down the grammatical patterns and common structures.

Predicative Use (The Simple Way): In this form, the word does not change its ending. It follows verbs like 'sein' (to be) or 'werden' (to become).
Example: 'Der See ist verschmutzt.' (The lake is polluted.) / 'Die Kleidung wurde verschmutzt.' (The clothes became soiled.)
Attributive Use (With Endings): When placed before a noun, you must add -e, -er, -es, -en, or -em.
Example: 'Das verschmutzte Wasser darf man nicht trinken.' (One must not drink the polluted water.) Here, the '-e' is added because 'Wasser' is neuter and follows a definite article in the nominative case.
Specifying the Cause with 'durch' or 'mit': To explain what caused the pollution, use the prepositions 'durch' (through/by) or 'mit' (with).
Example: 'Die Luft ist durch Abgase verschmutzt.' (The air is polluted by exhaust fumes.) / 'Der Boden ist mit Chemikalien verschmutzt.' (The soil is contaminated with chemicals.)

Wir müssen die verschmutzten Flüsse reinigen.

Note the plural accusative ending '-en'.

One interesting aspect of 'verschmutzt' is its use in the comparative and superlative forms, though they are less common than the base form. You might say 'Diese Stadt ist verschmutzter als jene' (This city is more polluted than that one) or 'Dies ist der am stärksten verschmutzte Ort der Welt' (This is the most heavily polluted place in the world). However, Germans often prefer using adverbs like 'stark' (heavily) or 'extrem' (extremely) to modify the adjective rather than changing the adjective itself.

Ein verschmutztes Hemd sieht bei einem Interview nicht gut aus.

When writing, remember that 'verschmutzt' is quite formal. In a casual text message to a friend about a spilled coffee, you'd likely use 'dreckig' or 'vollgekleckert'. Save 'verschmutzt' for when you want to sound precise, serious, or are discussing larger-scale issues.

In Germany, a country known for its environmental consciousness (Umweltbewusstsein), you will hear verschmutzt in a variety of public and professional spheres. It is a staple of the evening news (Tagesschau), political debates, and educational settings. If you live in a German city, you might encounter it on public notices or in local newspapers discussing urban development and public health.

The News and Media: Journalists use 'verschmutzt' to report on ecological disasters. 'Ein Öltanker ist verunglückt, und die Küste ist nun verschmutzt.' (An oil tanker crashed, and the coast is now polluted.) It provides a factual, serious tone to the reporting.
Public Announcements: At a lake or beach, you might see a sign: 'Baden verboten! Das Wasser ist bakteriell verschmutzt.' (Swimming forbidden! The water is bacterially contaminated.) In this context, the word serves as a safety warning.
School and University: Geography and Biology classes in Germany heavily feature the topic of 'Umweltverschmutzung'. Students learn about 'verschmutzte Ozeane' and 'verschmutzte Erdatmosphäre' from an early age.

In der Zeitung steht, dass die Luft in der Innenstadt heute stark verschmutzt ist.

Beyond the environment, you might hear it in more mundane but still official contexts. For example, a landlord might complain that an apartment was returned verschmutzt after a tenant moved out. Here, it implies a level of dirtiness that goes beyond 'normal wear and tear,' suggesting a need for professional cleaning. In the workplace, particularly in manufacturing, a supervisor might warn that verschmutzte Maschinen (soiled/dirty machines) lead to production errors.

Die Filter sind verschmutzt und müssen sofort ausgetauscht werden.

Interestingly, in the digital age, you might even hear about verschmutzte Daten (dirty data) in a data science context, though 'unsaubere Daten' is more common. However, the use of 'verschmutzt' always brings a sense of 'impurity' that shouldn't be there, making it a powerful word in any discussion about quality and standards.

Even though verschmutzt is a relatively straightforward adjective, English speakers often stumble over its usage due to the overlapping meanings of 'dirty,' 'polluted,' and 'contaminated.' Here are the most common pitfalls and how to avoid them to sound more like a native speaker.

Mistake 1: Using 'verschmutzt' for simple dirt: If you have a little bit of mud on your shoes, saying 'Meine Schuhe sind verschmutzt' sounds overly dramatic, like they've been dipped in toxic waste. Use 'dreckig' or 'schmutzig' for everyday dirt.
Correct: 'Meine Schuhe sind schmutzig.'
Avoid: 'Meine Schuhe sind verschmutzt.' (Unless they are covered in something dangerous).
Mistake 2: Confusing it with 'verunreinigt': While they are close synonyms, 'verunreinigt' is more common in chemical, medical, or food-safety contexts. 'Verschmutzt' is more visible/tactile. If there is a tiny, invisible bacteria in the water, it is 'verunreinigt'. If there is trash floating in it, it is 'verschmutzt'.
Mistake 3: Adjective Endings: Learners often forget to decline the adjective when it's before a noun.
Wrong: 'Das verschmutzt Wasser.'
Right: 'Das verschmutzte Wasser.'

Falsch: Ich habe verschmutzt Hände.
Richtig: Ich habe schmutzige Hände.

Use 'schmutzig' for personal hygiene.

Another error involves the preposition. English speakers might want to say 'polluted *by*...' and translate it literally as 'verschmutzt *von*'. While 'von' is sometimes used, 'durch' (by means of/through) is much more common for the cause of pollution, and 'mit' is used for the substance itself.

Finally, remember that 'verschmutzt' is an adjective, but it looks like a verb. Don't try to conjugate it like a present-tense verb. 'Die Fabrik verschmutzt den Fluss' (The factory pollutes the river) is the verb. 'Der Fluss ist verschmutzt' (The river is polluted) is the adjective. Mixing these up is a frequent error at the A2 level.

To truly master German, you need to know which 'dirty' word fits which occasion. Verschmutzt is part of a large family of words that describe lack of cleanliness. Choosing the right one will make your German sound much more natural and precise.

Schmutzig vs. Verschmutzt: Schmutzig is the general word for 'dirty'. It's used for dishes, clothes, or hands. Verschmutzt is more formal and implies a more serious or large-scale state, like environmental pollution or industrial contamination.
Dreckig: This is the informal, slightly more 'rough' version of 'schmutzig'. You'll hear it in everyday speech: 'Mein Auto ist total dreckig!' It can also be used metaphorically for a 'dirty joke' (ein dreckiger Witz) or 'feeling bad' (mir geht es dreckig).
Verunreinigt: This is the most academic or scientific alternative. It literally means 'made impure'. It is used for food, blood samples, or chemicals where even a tiny amount of a foreign substance is a problem.
Kontaminiert: A direct loanword from Latin/English. It is specifically used for radioactive, biological, or chemical hazards. You wouldn't say a park is 'kontaminiert' unless there was a toxic spill there.

Das Wasser ist schmutzig (visible mud), verschmutzt (polluted by waste), or verunreinigt (contains bacteria).

On the opposite end of the spectrum, we have words like sauber (clean), rein (pure), and unberührt (untouched/pristine). When discussing nature, Germans often contrast verschmutzte Gebiete (polluted areas) with unberührte Natur (untouched nature). This contrast is very common in tourism marketing and environmental activism.

In der Industrie spricht man eher von kontaminierten Flächen als von verschmutzten.

By learning these nuances, you avoid sounding like a textbook and start sounding like a person who understands the context of the conversation. Use 'verschmutzt' when the 'dirt' is a problem that needs a solution, especially in the context of the environment or public spaces.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'Schmutz' used to specifically refer to grease or fat, which is why 'dirty' and 'greasy' are often linked in German thought.

发音指南

UK /fɛɐ̯ˈʃmʊtst/

US /fɛrˈʃmʊtst/

The stress is on the second syllable: ver-SCHMUTZT.

押韵词

benutzt geputzt gestutzt genutzt verputzt beschmutzt unterstützt erhitzt

常见错误

Pronouncing 'v' as 'v' instead of 'f'.
Pronouncing 'z' as 'z' instead of 'ts'.
Stress on the first syllable 'ver-'.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in context, especially in news.

写作 3/5

Adjective endings can be tricky for beginners.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation of 'schm' and 'zt' requires practice.

听力 2/5

Clear prefix 'ver-' helps identification.

接下来学什么

前置知识

schmutzig sauber das Wasser die Luft machen

接下来学习

die Verschmutzung verunreinigen der Umweltschutz nachhaltig die Chemikalien

高级

die Kontamination die Emissionen das Ökosystem die Sanierung der Schadstoff

需要掌握的语法

Adjective Declension

das verschmutzte Wasser (nominative/neuter)

Participle as Adjective

verschmutzt (from verschmutzen)

Preposition 'durch' with Accusative

verschmutzt durch den Müll

Preposition 'mit' with Dative

verschmutzt mit Chemikalien

Prefix 'ver-'

denotes a change of state (usually negative)

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按水平分级的例句

Das Wasser ist verschmutzt.

The water is polluted.

Predicative use: no ending change.

Die Luft hier ist verschmutzt.

The air here is polluted.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

Ist der Park verschmutzt?

Is the park dirty/polluted?

Question form.

Der Strand ist leider verschmutzt.

The beach is unfortunately polluted.

Use of adverb 'leider'.

Ich sehe verschmutztes Wasser.

I see polluted water.

Attributive use: neuter accusative '-es'.

Meine Hände sind nicht verschmutzt.

My hands are not polluted (very formal/serious).

Negation with 'nicht'.

Die Stadt ist oft verschmutzt.

The city is often polluted.

Frequency adverb 'oft'.

Verschmutzte Erde ist ein Problem.

Polluted soil is a problem.

Attributive use: feminine nominative '-e'.

Die Luft ist durch Autos verschmutzt.

The air is polluted by cars.

Preposition 'durch' + Accusative.

Viele Flüsse in Europa sind verschmutzt.

Many rivers in Europe are polluted.

Plural subject.

Wir dürfen das verschmutzte Wasser nicht trinken.

We are not allowed to drink the polluted water.

Modal verb 'dürfen' + negation.

Warum ist dieser See so stark verschmutzt?

Why is this lake so heavily polluted?

Adverb 'stark' modifying the adjective.

Verschmutzte Luft ist schlecht für die Gesundheit.

Polluted air is bad for the health.

Attributive use as a subject.

Die Fabrik hat den Boden verschmutzt.

The factory has polluted the soil.

Using the participle in a Perfekt tense (verb form).

In großen Städten ist die Umwelt oft verschmutzt.

In big cities, the environment is often polluted.

Prepositional phrase 'In großen Städten'.

Wir müssen etwas gegen verschmutzte Meere tun.

We must do something against polluted oceans.

Preposition 'gegen' + Accusative plural.

Wegen der Industrieabfälle ist der Fluss chemisch verschmutzt.

Due to industrial waste, the river is chemically polluted.

Genitive preposition 'wegen'.

Verschmutzte Kleidung muss sofort gewaschen werden.

Soiled clothing must be washed immediately.

Passive voice with modal 'muss'.

Die Proben waren durch Bakterien verschmutzt.

The samples were contaminated by bacteria.

Past tense 'waren'.

Es ist gefährlich, in verschmutzten Seen zu schwimmen.

It is dangerous to swim in polluted lakes.

Dative plural ending '-en' after 'in'.

Die Regierung kämpft gegen die verschmutzte Luft in den Städten.

The government is fighting against the polluted air in the cities.

Verb 'kämpfen gegen'.

Verschmutzte Filter verringern die Leistung des Motors.

Dirty filters reduce the engine's performance.

Technical context.

Tiere sterben, wenn ihr Lebensraum verschmutzt ist.

Animals die when their habitat is polluted.

Conditional 'wenn' clause.

Die Küste wurde durch den Ölunfall stark verschmutzt.

The coast was heavily polluted by the oil spill.

Vorgangspassiv (Process passive).

Das Gelände ist mit Schwermetallen verschmutzt.

The site is contaminated with heavy metals.

Preposition 'mit' + Dative plural.

Eine verschmutzte Linse beeinträchtigt die Bildqualität.

A dirty lens impairs the image quality.

Attributive use with indefinite article.

Die verschmutzte Atmosphäre reflektiert weniger Sonnenlicht.

The polluted atmosphere reflects less sunlight.

Scientific context.

Wir untersuchen, wie stark die Proben verschmutzt sind.

We are investigating how heavily the samples are contaminated.

Indirect question clause.

Verschmutzte Isolatoren können zu Stromausfällen führen.

Dirty insulators can lead to power outages.

Technical cause and effect.

Die Meere sind weltweit durch Plastikmüll verschmutzt.

The oceans are polluted worldwide by plastic waste.

Global context.

Verschmutzte Arbeitsplätze erhöhen das Unfallrisiko.

Dirty workplaces increase the risk of accidents.

Professional context.

Man fand heraus, dass das Getreide verschmutzt war.

It was found out that the grain was contaminated.

Reporting past events.

Die verschmutzte Ästhetik der Ruinen faszinierte den Fotografen.

The soiled aesthetic of the ruins fascinated the photographer.

Abstract/Literary use.

Die Daten waren so stark verschmutzt, dass die Analyse scheiterte.

The data were so heavily 'dirty' (corrupted) that the analysis failed.

Metaphorical/Technical use.

Die moralisch verschmutzte Weste des Politikers wurde zum Thema.

The politician's morally soiled reputation became a topic.

Idiomatic/Metaphorical.

Verschmutzte Oberflächen begünstigen die Ausbreitung von Krankheitserregern.

Contaminated surfaces favor the spread of pathogens.

Formal medical register.

Das Ausmaß der verschmutzten Gebiete ist erschreckend.

The extent of the polluted areas is terrifying.

Genitive construction.

Trotz Reinigung blieben die Bauteile mikroskopisch verschmutzt.

Despite cleaning, the components remained microscopically contaminated.

Adverbial modifier 'mikroskopisch'.

Die verschmutzte Debatte verhinderte eine sachliche Lösung.

The 'dirty' (muddied) debate prevented a factual solution.

Abstract metaphorical use.

In der verschmutzten Zone ist das Tragen von Schutzkleidung Pflicht.

In the contaminated zone, wearing protective clothing is mandatory.

Legal/Safety register.

Die ontologische Verschmutzung des Seins war ein zentrales Thema.

The ontological pollution of being was a central theme.

Highly academic/Philosophical.

Die verschmutzte Partitur ließ kaum noch Rückschlüsse auf das Original zu.

The soiled score hardly allowed any conclusions about the original.

Historical/Archival context.

Verschmutzte Narrative verzerren oft die historische Wahrheit.

Polluted narratives often distort historical truth.

Abstract/Intellectual context.

Das ökologisch verschmutzte Erbe unserer Vorfahren lastet auf uns.

The ecologically polluted legacy of our ancestors weighs on us.

Complex metaphorical structure.

Die verschmutzte Linse der Wahrnehmung trübt das Urteilsvermögen.

The soiled lens of perception clouds the ability to judge.

Poetic/Philosophical.

Verschmutzte Frequenzen störten die interstellare Kommunikation.

Polluted frequencies interfered with interstellar communication.

Sci-fi/Technical context.

Eine verschmutzte Sprache verliert ihre Präzision und Kraft.

A polluted language loses its precision and power.

Linguistic criticism.

Die verschmutzte Realität der Vorstädte wurde im Roman ungeschönt dargestellt.

The grimy reality of the suburbs was depicted unvarnished in the novel.

Literary analysis.

常见搭配

stark verschmutzt

leicht verschmutzt

bakteriell verschmutzt

chemisch verschmutzt

verschmutzte Luft

verschmutztes Wasser

verschmutzte Umwelt

durch Abgase verschmutzt

mit Öl verschmutzt

nachhaltig verschmutzt

常用短语

die Umwelt verschmutzen

— To pollute the environment. This is the verb form.

Plastik verschmutzt die Umwelt.

verschmutzte Wäsche

— Dirty laundry. Can be literal or metaphorical.

Wir haben viel verschmutzte Wäsche.

ein verschmutztes Gewissen

— A soiled/guilty conscience. Metaphorical.

Er hat ein verschmutztes Gewissen.

verschmutzte Finger

— Dirty fingers. Usually implies more than just dust.

Er hatte verschmutzte Finger vom Öl.

stark verschmutzte Bereiche

— Heavily polluted areas.

Meiden Sie stark verschmutzte Bereiche.

verschmutztes Gelände

— Polluted site/grounds.

Das verschmutzte Gelände wurde abgesperrt.

Luft verschmutzt

— Air is polluted (short headline).

Luft verschmutzt: Warnung für Senioren.

verschmutzte Filter

— Dirty/clogged filters.

Verschmutzte Filter müssen raus.

verschmutzte Ozeane

— Polluted oceans.

Verschmutzte Ozeane bedrohen Fische.

optisch verschmutzt

— Visually dirty (looks dirty but might be safe).

Das Wasser ist nur optisch verschmutzt.

容易混淆的词

verschmutzt vs schmutzig

Schmutzig is for small, everyday dirt; verschmutzt is for larger-scale pollution.

verschmutzt vs verunreinigt

Verunreinigt is more scientific/invisible; verschmutzt is often visible.

verschmutzt vs beschmutzt

Beschmutzt is often used for staining a specific thing or a reputation.

习语与表达

"Dreck am Stecken haben"

— To have a skeleton in the closet. Related to dirt/pollution.

Der Politiker hat Dreck am Stecken.

informal

"Jemanden mit Dreck bewerfen"

— To sling mud at someone (insult/slander).

Im Wahlkampf wird oft mit Dreck beworfen.

neutral

"Sich die Hände schmutzig machen"

— To get one's hands dirty (do hard work or illegal stuff).

Er will sich nicht die Hände schmutzig machen.

neutral

"Schmutzige Wäsche waschen"

— To air dirty laundry (discuss private scandals).

Wascht eure schmutzige Wäsche privat!

neutral

"Im Trüben fischen"

— To fish in troubled/dirty waters (take advantage of chaos).

Er fischt gerne im Trüben.

neutral

"Eine reine Weste haben"

— To have a clean record (opposite of verschmutzt).

Er hat eine absolut reine Weste.

neutral

"Den Karren in den Dreck fahren"

— To mess things up completely.

Er hat das Projekt in den Dreck gefahren.

informal

"Verschmutzte Quellen"

— Polluted sources (can refer to information).

Die Information stammt aus verschmutzten Quellen.

formal

"In den Schmutz ziehen"

— To drag someone's name through the dirt.

Zieh meinen Namen nicht in den Schmutz!

neutral

"Ein Schmutzfink sein"

— To be a 'dirty finch' (a messy person/child).

Du kleiner Schmutzfink!

child_friendly

容易混淆

verschmutzt vs schmutzig

Both mean 'dirty'.

Verschmutzt implies a process of pollution, often environmental. Schmutzig is general.

Meine Hände sind schmutzig, aber der Fluss ist verschmutzt.

verschmutzt vs verunreinigt

Synonyms for contaminated.

Verunreinigt is used in food safety and chemistry. Verschmutzt is used for trash and visible grime.

Das Labor ist verunreinigt.

verschmutzt vs kontaminiert

Direct translation of 'contaminated'.

Kontaminiert is strictly for toxic, radioactive, or bio-hazards.

Die Zone ist verstrahlt und kontaminiert.

verschmutzt vs dreckig

Both mean 'dirty'.

Dreckig is informal and can be used for 'bad mood' or 'mean behavior'.

Das ist ein dreckiger Witz.

verschmutzt vs befleckt

Means 'stained'.

Befleckt is for small spots (stains) or abstract honor.

Ein beflecktes Kleid.

句型

Nomen + ist + verschmutzt.

Der See ist verschmutzt.

Das + verschmutzte + Nomen.

Das verschmutzte Wasser.

Nomen + ist + durch + Akkusativ + verschmutzt.

Die Luft ist durch Abgase verschmutzt.

Nomen + wurde + verschmutzt.

Der Boden wurde verschmutzt.

Wegen + Genitiv + ist + Nomen + verschmutzt.

Wegen der Fabrik ist der Fluss verschmutzt.

Adverb + verschmutzt.

Chemisch verschmutzte Gebiete.

Partizipialattribut

Die durch Plastik verschmutzten Weltmeere.

Metaphorische Verwendung

Ein durch Lügen verschmutzter Dialog.

词族

名词

die Verschmutzung

der Schmutz

der Schmutzfink

die Umweltverschmutzung

动词

verschmutzen

beschmutzen

schmutzen

形容词

schmutzig

schmutzabweisend

schmutzempfindlich

如何使用

frequency

High in news and education; medium in daily speech.

常见错误

Das Luft ist verschmutzt. → Die Luft ist verschmutzt.
Luft is feminine. Adjective endings and articles must match.
Ich habe verschmutzt Hände. → Ich habe schmutzige Hände.
'Verschmutzt' is too formal for hands, and it needs an adjective ending '-e'.
Der Fluss ist verschmutzt von Öl. → Der Fluss ist mit Öl verschmutzt.
Use 'mit' for the substance causing the dirt.
Die Fabrik verschmutzt. → Die Fabrik ist verschmutzt / Die Fabrik verschmutzt die Umwelt.
Don't confuse the adjective 'verschmutzt' with the verb 'verschmutzen'.
Verschmutzt Wasser ist gefährlich. → Verschmutztes Wasser ist gefährlich.
Attributive adjectives need endings. Neuter nominative is '-es'.

小贴士

Adjective Endings

Remember: 'das verschmutzte Wasser' (neuter), 'die verschmutzte Luft' (feminine), 'der verschmutzte Boden' (masculine). Endings change with cases!

Word Family

Learn 'Umweltverschmutzung' (environmental pollution) as a single block. It is a very common long German word.

Environment

When talking about the climate or nature, 'verschmutzt' is your best friend. It makes you sound like you care about the topic.

Formal vs Informal

In a job interview, if you spill coffee, say 'Mein Hemd ist schmutzig'. If you are talking about industrial waste, use 'verschmutzt'.

News Keywords

In German news, 'verschmutzt' often appears with 'Feinstaub', 'Ozeane', and 'Abgase'. Listen for these together.

Sharp 'zt'

Make sure the 't' and 'z' are distinct. It should sound like a little 'ts' explosion at the end of the word.

Prepositions

Use 'durch' for the agent (cars, factories) and 'mit' for the material (oil, chemicals).

German Values

Germans value cleanliness. Using 'verschmutzt' is a strong way to point out that something needs to be fixed.

Prefix Power

The prefix 'ver-' often means 'into a bad state'. 'Schmutz' is dirt. 'Verschmutzt' = put into a state of dirt.

Avoid 'Dreckig'

Avoid 'dreckig' in formal writing. It’s too informal. Stick to 'verschmutzt' or 'verunreinigt'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Fair-Smut'. Pollution isn't 'Fair', and it's 'Smut' (dirt). Ver-schmutzt.

视觉联想

Imagine a pristine blue lake turning gray as black ink (Schmutz) is poured in. The state of the lake is now 'verschmutzt'.

Word Web

Umwelt Wasser Luft Fabrik Müll Auto Gesundheit Reinigung

挑战

Try to find three things in your city that are 'verschmutzt' and describe them using the cause: 'X ist durch Y verschmutzt'.

词源

From the Middle High German word 'smuz' (grease, dirt). The prefix 'ver-' was added later to denote the process of becoming dirty.

原始含义： To become greasy or soiled.

Germanic

文化背景

Be careful using 'verschmutzt' to describe people; it can sound dehumanizing or overly harsh. Use 'schmutzig' for kids or 'ungepflegt' (unkempt) for adults.

English speakers use 'polluted' mostly for nature and 'dirty' for objects. German 'verschmutzt' covers both but leans towards the serious/polluted side.

Greenpeace Germany campaigns The 'Blue Angel' (Blauer Engel) eco-label Friday for Future protests in Berlin

在生活中练习

真实语境

Environmental News

stark verschmutzte Meere
Maßnahmen gegen Verschmutzung
die Luftqualität verbessern
Grenzwerte überschritten

Travel & Nature

Ist der Strand verschmutzt?
sauberes Trinkwasser
unberührte Natur
Müll im Wald

Home & Laundry

verschmutzte Wäsche
hartnäckige Flecken
die Maschine reinigen
Waschmittel für Verschmutzungen

Science & Lab

verschmutzte Proben
sterile Umgebung
Kreuzkontamination
Filter wechseln

Urban Living

verschmutzte Straßen
Lärmverschmutzung
die Stadtreinigung
Hundekot auf dem Gehweg

对话开场白

"Findest du, dass die Luft in deiner Stadt verschmutzt ist?"

"Was kann man gegen verschmutzte Meere tun?"

"Hast du schon mal verschmutztes Wasser im Urlaub gesehen?"

"Sollten Autos in verschmutzten Innenstädten verboten werden?"

"Wer ist schuld, wenn ein Fluss verschmutzt ist?"

日记主题

Beschreibe einen Ort, der früher sauber war und heute verschmutzt ist.

Wie fühlst du dich, wenn du verschmutzte Natur siehst?

Was machst du in deinem Alltag, um die Umwelt nicht zu verschmutzen?

Denkst du, dass die Technologie uns helfen kann, verschmutzte Gebiete zu reinigen?

Ist Lichtverschmutzung in deiner Stadt ein Problem für dich?

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but it sounds very serious. If you just have a small spot, use 'schmutzig'. If you fell into a mud pit or worked with oil, 'verschmutzt' is fine.

'Verschmutzt' is the adjective (polluted), and 'Verschmutzung' is the noun (pollution). Example: 'Die Luft ist verschmutzt' vs. 'Die Luftverschmutzung ist hoch'.

Yes, in German it always implies that something is dirty in a way it shouldn't be, usually with negative consequences.

In German, we say 'Lärmverschmutzung', though 'Lärmbelastung' is more common.

Yes, 'verschmutzte Daten' is used in data science to describe data with errors or inconsistencies, similar to 'dirty data' in English.

'Verschmutzt durch' is the standard way to describe the cause of pollution. 'Verschmutzt mit' describes the substance.

It is 'light pollution'—the excess of artificial light in cities that hides the stars.

It is stronger and more formal than 'schmutzig'. It sounds like a factual report.

Only if they are literally covered in filth (e.g., a worker). Using it to describe someone's character is very metaphorical and rare.

The most common opposite is 'sauber' (clean) or 'rein' (pure).

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